LABOUR FORCE

HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS SURVEY 2018-2019 LogoZGHARTA (CAS/UNDP)

Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey 2018-2019 in

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Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) 2018-2019 in Zgharta

Suggested citation:

"Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey 2018-2019 in Zgharta", Central Administration of Statistics, 2020

Copyright © Lebanese Republic Central Administration of Statistics 2020 Acknowledgments Acronyms and Abbreviations

This report comes as one of a series of reports launched by the Central Administration of CAS Central Administration of Statistics Statistics, covering the twenty-six of . Producing these reports was a GER The Gross Enrolment Ratio collaborative endeavor between the Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) and the ILO International Labour Organization United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). LFHLCS Labour Force and Households’ Living Conditions Survey NEET Not in Education, Employment or Training Official statistics presented in this report are drawn from the findings of the national Labour NER The Net Enrolment Rate Force and Households Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) that was carried out by CAS NSSF National Social Security Fund between 2018 and 2019 with funding from the Delegation of the European Union to Lebanon and the technical cooperation of the Regional Office for Arab States of the SMAM Singulate Mean Age at Marriage International Labour Organization (ILO). UNDP United Nations Development Programme

CAS acknowledges the professional input and contribution of all the partners, experts, and staff who have been particularly active and supportive along the production process in the elaboration, preparation and drafting of the final series of statistics.

CAS would like to express its sincere appreciation to Celine Moyroud and the UNDP core team for all of their technical and administrative support. Also gratefully acknowledged are the contributions of CAS staff: Haifa Husseini, Mayssaa Daher, Ali Hamieh and Amina Basbouss.

Dr Maral Tutélian - Guidanian

Director General Central Administration of Statistics

Table of Contents List of Figures

About the Survey ...... 1 Figure esidents in gharta District Statistics ...... 2 Figure Head o household by se I. DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4 Figure arital status aged by se he residents in gharta ho and ho any are they Figure istribution o riary residences by tye o delling II. HOUSING ...... 6 Figure riary residences by area o residence here do residents in gharta live Figure riary residences by nuber o roos riary residences by area Figure ersons er roo Ho any roos does a household have Figure riary residences by age o residence ersons er roo Figure Facilities o ain source o drining ater at the delling re the riary residences old or ne Connectivity to inrastructure and utilities Figure Sources o electricity in riary residences Cost associated ith residence Figure Hoe aliances tyes and eans o transortation Hoe aliances and eans o transortation Figure ccess to services ccess to basic services Figure istribution o students by tye o educational institution III. EDUCATION ...... 12 Figure esidents aged by level o education attained and se ross nrolent atio versus et nrolent ate Figure a lliteracy rate by age grou and se aged years Schooling in gharta Figure b otal illiteracy rate by se aged years IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ...... 15 Figure Household incoe range ro all sources in the onth receding the Survey in Ho uch do households earn in total thousand L and ho do they erceive their ealth status Figure Sel classiication o ealth o households Health Coverage Figure Health coverage by se V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT ...... 18 Figure esidents aged years by eloyent status and health insurance Labour aret structure coverage ho is loyed Searching or a ob or nactive Fro a ender oint o ie Figure istribution o residents beneiting ro health insurance by source o here do they or insurance and ho any hours er ee Figure Labour orce articiation rate hat tye o obs do they hold and here Figure Labour orce articiation rate aong youth and adults Ho any obs are vulnerable Figure loyenttooulation ratio outh in loyent versus outh ot in ducation loyent or raining Figure loyenttooulation ratio by broad age grous The Team ...... 25 Figure neloyent rate by se Figure neloyent rate aong youth and adults Figure nactivity rate o residents aged years About the Survey Figure conoic activity sector by se his reort coes as one o a series o reorts launched by the Central dinistration o Figure verage usual and actual eely hours o or by se Statistics covering the tentysi districts o Lebanon roducing these reorts as a Figure loyed years and above by eloyent status and se collaborative endeavor beteen the Central dinistration o Statistics CS and the nited ations eveloent rograe Figure ulnerable eloyent icial statistics resented in this reort are dran ro the indings o the national Labour Figure outh in eloyent and rate Force and Households Living Conditions Survey LFHLCS that as carried out by CS beteen and ith unding ro the elegation o the uroean nion to Lebanon and the technical cooeration o the egional ice or rab States o the nternational Labour rganiation L List of Tables he LFHLCS is the irst Lebanese survey to roduce estiates not only at the national and subnational governorate mouhafaza levels but also at the district caza able early eenditures on services or ain dellings in thousand L level Lebanon is coosed o eight governorates called ouhaaa and districts called caa nly the governorates o eirut and ar ere taen as a hole in the survey sale able nrolent by level o education in and ere not subdivided into districts able Forality versus norality in LFHLCS covered all the oulation o Lebanon living in riary residential dellings t as carried out ro ril to arch t did not cover the oulation living in non residential units such as construction and agriculture sites shos stores actories uninished buildings ary barracs reugee cas and adacent gatherings and inoral settleents

ith an unrecedented colete national sale sie o households ore than resonded to the survey roviding a relatively high resonse rate o

hrough uestions organied into odules the LFHLCS uestionnaire gathered etensive data that ere used in the roduction o a broad array o indicators and a cross sectional analysis regarding  he deograhic and social characteristics o households and the individuals living in the on a regular basis ore than si onths in a year including inoration on education health social security and others  he labour orce situation and the econoic activity o all active individuals in the household  he characteristics o the household and the conditions o the dellings and the available aenities

he concets deinitions and ethodologies that ere used in the survey ere designed according to the latest international survey statistical standards esecially those in line ith the th CLS esolution concerning statistics o or eloyent and labour underutiliation.2

For ore inoration about the LFHLCS reer to the ain survey reort available at httcasgovlbindehcoonentcontentarticleid Source L Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 2013.

Page 1 District Statistics ADD MAP

he district statistics reresent an invaluable source o udated inoration and analysis o the revailing social and econoic conditions in each district hey are ade available to the district authorities and leadershi including the ia Caa overnor the istrict nions o unicialities and a range o other governent and nongovernent

district lanners olicy aers and users he district statistics also ai at inoring BCHARRE aroriate and evidencebased develoent olicies and rograes at the district level KOURA his reort resents data ertaining to the district o gharta hich is situated in the MINIEH-DANNIYEH overnorate o orth Lebanon TRIPOLI t consists o ive chaters highlighting the olloing asects ZGHARTA - eograhics

Housing

ducation

Social and conoic acground

Labour Force and loyent

herever ossible and statistically signiicant the indicators resented at the district level are coared to the national values or the urose o contetualiation and coarison

Page 2 Page 3 Zgharta district Figure 3: Marital status (aged 15+) by sex I. DEMOGRAPHICS declared that they were “married” in 2018– The residents in Zgharta: who and how many are they? were “never married”. The he survey results sho that in – the hereas those aged beteen and caa o gharta hosted er cent o years old reresented er cent he residents o Lebanon ith around reaining er cent ere the older residents er cent o the residents residents years old Figure 1 ere eales and er cent ales n – the age deendency ratio or er cent o the residents in gharta gharta as er cent a result that as (Figure 3) ere ound in the age grou – years ound to be slightly higher than the national he younger residents o less than years level er cent old reresented er cent o the total

Figure 1: Residents in Zgharta 2018-2019 ale Feale

Age Group

he Survey results shoed that ales Figure 2: Head of household by sex redoinated as heads o household t as estiated that er cent o households

ere headed by a an coared to en oen er cent nationally hile er cent o households ere headed by a oan relatively to er cent in Lebanon 85.9% 14.1% (Figure 2)

ge deendency ratio is the nuber o deendents aged years and those aged coared to the total oulation aged years hich is the oring age oulation t describes the degree to hich the econoically nonroductive oulation is deendent on the oringage oulation he higher the ratio the greater the econoic burden

Page 4 Page 5 Zgharta district How many rooms does a household have?

II. HOUSING Where do residents in Zgharta live? (Figure 6)

The rimary reidence in harta were indeendent he r villa at the caa mtly aartment .2 er cent wherea level eceeded that at the natinal level Figure 6: Primary residences by number of rooms (%) 20.1 er cent were indeendent he r 12.2 er cent. (Figure 4)

villa. t i wrth ntin that the ercentae Figure 4: Distribution of primary residences by type of dwelling Zgharta Lebanon 0.8 2.

20.1 12.2 Persons per room

.2 8. artment ndeendent he r villa ther

2 Primary residences by area (m ) (Figure 7)

8. er cent the rimary reidence in dwellin cmared t 1. er cent at the Figure 7: Persons per room (%) harta were 10 are meter and mre level the cntry. eidence 80 t le cmared t . er cent at the natinal than 10 m2 cmried 2. er cent the Zgharta Lebanon level. mall reidence le than 80 m2 ttal cmared t 8. er cent natinally. were the leat cmmn – 8. er cent the (Figure 5)

Figure 5: Primary residences by area of residence (%)

8. e than 80 m2 1. 2. 80 t le than 10 m2 8. 8. ≥2 10 m2 and mre .

harta eann

Page 6 Page 7

Are the primary residences old or new? Cost associated with residence

(Table 1) (Figure 8) Figure 8: Primary residences by age of residence Table 1: Yearly expenditures on services for main dwellings (in thousand LBP)

Zgharta Lebanon Connectivity to infrastructure and utilities Services Mean Median Mean Median

(Figure 9) Figure 9: Facilities of main source of drinking water at the dwelling (%)

Total yearly Expenses on 2,764 2,680 3,308 2,940 services

Home appliances and means of transportation (Figure 10) Figure 10: Sources of electricity in primary residences

Per cent (Figure 11)

Page 8 Page 9 Figure 11: Home appliances types and means of transportation (%) Figure 12: Access to services (%)

Note: The internet does not include Cable/ADSL/3G or 4G.

Access to basic services

(Figure 12)

Page 10 Page 11 Zgharta district

III. EDUCATION Schooling in Zgharta Gross Enrolment Ratio versus Net Enrolment Rate Figure 13: Distribution of students by type of educational institution (Table 2) (Figure 13)

Table 2: Enrolment by level of education (in %)

Zgharta Lebanon Level of education Gross Net Gross Net Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Elementary level Intermediate level (Figure 14)

Secondary level Figure 14: Residents (aged 3+) by level of education attained and sex (%) Note: These results exclude domestic workers

The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) The Net Enrolment Rate (NER) *Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Page 12 Page 13 Zgharta district IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND How much do households earn in total? (Figure 15a) Figure 15a: Illiteracy rate by age group and sex (aged 10 years +) (Figure 16) Per cent Figure 16: Household income range from all sources in the month preceding the Survey in thousand LBP (%) (Figure 15b) Figure 15b: Total illiteracy rate by sex (aged 10 years +) ... and how do they perceive their wealth status? Per cent themselves as “average or average to poor” “average or average to poor”, considered themselves “ off” was (Figure 17)

Page 14 Page 15 Figure 17: Self classification of wealth of households Figure 19: Residents (aged 15 years +) by employment status and health insurance coverage (%)

Zgharta Lebanon

mploed nemploed tside laor force otal

gharta eanon

he main sorce of health coverage in lic ervants ooperation was almost gharta was the ational ocial ecrit eal in gharta and in eanon per ealth or financiall welloff verage or average to poor oor or ver poor nd , which covered per cent cent and per cent respectivel, whereas of the insred poplation, followed the private insrance was less common per eanese rm and the nternal ecrit cent in gharta compared to per cent in Health Coverage5 orces per cent he coverage of the eanon (Figure 20)

nl per cent of the total residents in national level, the reslts show a relativel Figure 20: Distribution of residents benefiting from health insurance gharta were covered at least one tpe of higher health coverage for oth women by source of insurance health insrance a slightl higher health per cent and men per cent coverage was fond for women per (Figure 18) Zgharta Lebanon cent than for men per cent t the

Figure 18: Health coverage by sex (%)

omen en otal

gharta eanon

n gharta, per cent of the residents who were covered in gharta per cent, ational ocial ecrit nd aged ears and aove had a health per cent and per cent respectivel lic ervants ooperation coverage, whereas nationall, the were all less than those oserved at the rm and the nternal ecrit orces proportion of the insred poplation in the national level t is worth noting that rivate insrance same age grop was higher per cent nemploed residents were the least ther he proportions of residents emploed, covered in the district (Figure 19) nemploed and otside the laor force

n this section, all the figres eclde the domestic worers nclding acltative nd

Page 16 Page 17 Zgharta district Figure 21: Labour force participation rate (%) 68.1 . .1 8.8 V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT 26.8 2. Labour market structure omen Men ota mong the estimated , individals laor force, either emploed , or gharta eanon aged ears old and aove living in nemploed , he remaining , primar residential dwellings in gharta in individals were otside the laor force he share o the adt aor orce (e the compared to 2.1 per cent in gharta and –, aot , people were in the nempoed or in wor eceeded that o 1. per cent compared to .2 per cent at the oth and mared 1. per cent the nationa ee. (Figure 22)

Working ageWorking popula tiageon( population15 years+) (15 ayears +) Figure 22: Labour force participation rate among youth and adults (%) otal , omen , en , 1. 1. 2.1 .2 Persons outside the labour LabourLabour Force force Persons outsideforce the aotal , labourotal force , oth (12 ears dts (2 ears a gharta eanon omen , en , omen , en , he empomenttopopation ratio in empoed in gharta with a gender gap o Persons in employment Persons in unemployment gharta (. per cent was ower than that .6 percentagepoint dierence. n o the contr (. per cent. here were eanon the empomenttopopation otal , otal , Persons in employment Persons in unemployment some notae gender disparities in the ratio reached 2.1 per cent or women and omena , en aomen , en , , empomenttopopation ratio at oth the 6. per cent or men maring a gender gap district and contr ees. 2. per cent o o 8. percentagepoint dierence. Note: Estimation below 2,500 has a standard error above 20 per cent. Due to rounding, numbers women and 61.1 per cent o men were (Figure 23) presented may not add up precisely to the totals.

Note: Estimation below 2,500 has a standard error above 20 per cent. Due to rounding, numbers presented may not add up precisely to the totals. Figure 23: Employment-to-population ratio (%)

Who is Employed, Searching for a job or Inactive - From a Gender Point of 61.1 6. . . View 2. 2.1

otal laor force participation rate in in gharta and per cent in eanon at omen Men ota omen Men ota gharta was per cent, which was lower oth the district and national levels he gharta eanon than the national rate of per cent gender gap was high in gharta it reached Men’s participation rates (68.1 percent in a percentagepoint difference and he comparison o the rests road age mared at the nationa ee. oweer the gharta and per cent in eanon were almost eal to that oserved at the grops shows that the oth empoment gap etween the two age grops was more higher compared to women’s (26.8 per cent national level (Figure 21) topopation ratio in gharta (21. per signiicant at the caa ee (2 percentage cent was considera ower than that o point dierence reatie to 1.2 percentage the adts (6. per cent. t is worth noting points in eanon. (Figure 24) that these ratios were ower than those aor orce articipation ate Persons in Employment+Persons in Unemployment n this rief, the gender gap is calclatedWorking stra−age Populationcting the (female15+years rate old )from ∗the100 male rate

Page 18 Page 19 Figure 24: Employment-to-population ratio by broad age groups (%) he inactiit rate which represents the .2 per cent o women and 1. per cent o 6. .2 proportion o the persons considered men were inactie at the caa ee . inactie neither working nor looking for any compared to . per cent o women and 21. job in the tota popation aged 1 ears 2.6 per cent o men at the nationa ee. and aoe in gharta (2. per cent (Figure 27) oth (12 ears dts (2 ears eceeded that o eanon (1.2 per cent. gharta eanon Figure 27: Inactivity rate of residents aged 15 years + (%) he nempoment rate in gharta (1.1 per cent or men. n other words the gender .2 . per cent was aoe the nationa ee (11. gap in the nempoment rate was more 2. 1.2 per cent. ierences at the contr ee signiicant in the caa (1.2 percentage 1. 2.6 were osered etween men (1 per cent point dierence compared to the nationa and women (1. per cent et the gap was ee (. percentagepoint dierence. omen Men ota higher in gharta where the nempoment (Figure 25) gharta eanon rate was 2. per cent or women and 1. Where do they work? Figure 25: Unemployment rate by sex (%)

2. he erices sector was the argest men and 6.2 per cent o woring women 1.1 1. empoment sector or women and men were empoed in ndstr in gharta 1. 1. 11. with respectie 2. per cent and 68. per compared to near the same proportions cent in gharta compared to 1. per cent or oth woring men and women in the omen Men ota omen Men ota and 68.8 per cent in eanon. n this sector whoe o eanon. mpoment in gharta eanon women srpassed men 2 percentage agrictre was the owest among a the points at the caa ee. t was particar economic sectors at the nationa and district (Figure 28) nempoment was ess preaent among he gap etween the oth and the adts noticeae that 26.6 per cent o woring ees. adts than among oth at oth the district nempoment rate reached 2.2 and contr ees with a rate reaching 1. percentage points in gharta and 1. per cent and .6 per cent respectie in percentage points in eanon as a whoe. Figure 28: Economic activity sector by sex (%) gharta compared to 8.6 per cent and 2. (Figure 26) per cent respectie in eanon as a whoe. 2. 68. 1. 68.8

Figure 26: Unemployment rate among youth and adults (%)

.6 2. 1. 8.6 26.6 26.6 6.2 .8 6. . 1. 1. oth (12 ears dts (2 ears omen Men omen Men

gharta eanon gharta eanon

grictre ndstr erices

nempoment rate Persons in Unemployment (aged 15 years and above) Labour Force (aged 15 years and above) ∗ 100

Page 20 Page 21 ... and how many hours per week omens share in employment as lo yet attaine at the national leel per ent Men in empoment were reported to e hors or oth sees de to temporar more prealent for pai employment than ens share in pai employment as hiher woring onger paid hors than women. he asences sch as acation anna eae employeronaont orer he in harta ompare to the national leel aerage nmer o acta wee paid hors etc. n eanon as a whoe the acta majority of employers or onaont per ent an per ent was 8.1 or men and or women. nmer o hors o wor was per cent or orers in harta ere men per ent respetiely (Figure 30) rthermore the acta nmer o hors o men and .1 per cent or women. a proportion that as hiher than that wor was sight eow the sa nmer o (Figure 29)

Figure 29: Average usual and actual weekly hours of work by sex Figure 30: Employed (15 years and above) by employment status and sex (%)

1 1.1 . . 8.1 omen

omen Men harta per week en Number of of Number hours sa hors cta hors Note: Excludes domestic workers omen

ebanon en What type of jobs do they hold and where?

ccording to the the concept o rest that was ond to e er cose to the mployeronaont orer ai employment “informal employment” refers to jobs that nationa ee (. per cent and 6. per do not proide empoees with ega or cent o the empoed popation were How many jobs are ''vulnerable''? socia protection ths eposing them to woring in the inorma sector. t is greater economic riss than other empoed instrctie to note that the atter proportion peope. s or concept o the inorma was sight higher compared to the nationa n harta lnerable employment as tie more prealent amon men per sector it is a sset o nincorporated ee (.2 per cent. he proportion o reporte to be hiher than that obsere at ent than amon omen per ent enterprises not constitted as separate ega empoed indiidas hoding an inorma the ontry leel per ent an per (Figure 31) entities independent o their owners. o in a orma sector was reatie ower ent respetiely oreoer it as at least than that osered in eanon (1. per he rests show that . per cent o the cent and 1.8 per cent respectie. Figure 31: Vulnerable employment (%) empoed popation in gharta hed (Table 3) inorma os at their main occpation a

Table 3: Formality versus Informality (in %)

Zgharta Lebanon Type of employment Informal Formal Informal Formal omen en otal Total Total Sector Sector Sector Sector harta ebanon Informal 6. 1. . .1 1.8 .

Formal . .6 .6 . . .1 Total 6. 6.1 1 .2 6.8 1.

Page 22 Page 23 The Team

orin to the nternational abor raniation efinition ''Vulnerable Employment'' is the sm of onaont orers an ontribtin family orers in total employment his his report ol not hae been possible ithot the joint effort an ooperation of a team ateory of orers has a loer lielihoo of hain formal or arranements an is therefore of eperts orin in the entral ministration of tatistis an the nite ations more liely to la elements assoiate ith aeate soial serity an a oie at or eelopment roramme he report as prepare ner the oerall iretion an iane of r aral tlian ianian iretor eneral of the entral ministration of tatistis an eline oyro esient epresentatie

Youth in Employment versus Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) he ontribtions of the folloin team are rateflly note

Supervision: oth rate Youth not in education, as per ent an the yoth r ranois arah nternational pert on poplation eelopment an soial poliy employment or training rate per employmenttopoplation ratio as per ent in harta as hiher than the yoth ent oreoer omens rate employmenttopoplation ratio per per ent as notieably hiher than that of Report drafting: ent t the ontry leel oth rate men per ent in harta (Figure 32) aifa sseini onomist

Data Preparation and Tabulations:

ayssaa aher an li amieh ath tatistiians Figure 32: Youth in employment and NEET rate (%)

Report review: ranois arah athar ara ea o ael ayssaa aher mina assboss Table drawing aifa sseini omen en otal mina assboss lia ayye li li hreiss ones ojo ssistant tatistiians

mploymenttooplation atio oth rate Report Design: ayal ttieh

Page 24 Page 25 Central Administra�on of Sta�s�cs Atwe building, Boulevard Camille Chamoun , Lebanon Phone: +9615462880 | www.cas.gov.lb

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