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IFJ PF Report 2019 L TRUTH VS MISINFORMATION: THE COLLECTIVE PUSH BACK SOUTH ASIA PRESS FREEDOM REPORT 2018-2019 17TH ANNUAL SOUTH ASIA PRESS FREEDOM REPORT 2018-2019 2 IFJ PRESS FREEDOM REPORT 2018–2019 3 Editor: Laxmi Murthy Cover Photo: Award-winning The designations employed and the Executive Editor: Jane Worthington Bangladeshi photographer Shahidul presentation of the material throughout COUNTRY CHAPTERS VIOLATIONS AND Special thanks to: Alam captured the solidarity and this book will not imply the expression support of the world’s media after his CONTENTS AFGHANISTAN 26 JOURNALIST SAFETY Ujjwal Acharya of any opinion whatsoever on the Jack Berkefeld imprisonment in 2018. The 63-year- part of UNESCO concerning the legal The killing fields INDICATORS IN SOUTH ASIA old was detained by plainclothes police This document has been produced Eliza Cusack status of any country, territory, city or at his home after making “provocative” by the International Federation of Frank De Zoysa area, or of its authorities or concerning BANGLADESH 30 comments in an interview to Al Jazeera FOREWORD 4 Journalists (IFJ) on behalf of the Faheem Dashty the delimitation of its frontiers and LIST OF MEDIA about student demonstrations in Protest and pushback South Asia Media Solidarity Network Sunanda Deshapriya boundaries. Dhaka. The arrest drew condemnation (SAMSN). Dilrukshi Handunnetti OVERVIEW 5 RIGHTS VIOLATIONS 74 from international rights groups as the BHUTAN 36 Afghan Independent Journalists’ Alexandra Hearne CC-BY-SA license by Journalist Safety veteran media worker languished in jail Minuscule media, critical Association Sabina Inderjit for more than 100 days. CREDIT: AFP Indicators (JSIs), Bangladesh Manobadhikar Pulack Ghatack Open Access is not applicable to non- SPECIAL SECTIONS challenges Sangbadik Forum Sam Jahan IFJ copyright photos in this publication. May 2018 to April 2019 Contents photo: Nepali journalists Federation of Media Employees Trade Ashraf Khan INDIA 40 Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Samandar Khan hold a candlelight vigil in Kathmandu INDIA & PAKISTAN 9 Unions condemning journalist killings in Diversity on the brink Bhutan, India, Maldives, Free Media Movement, Sri Lanka Raksha Kumar SUPPORTED BY: Polarization and prospects Moazum Mohammad Afghanistan after the deadliest attack Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Federation of Nepali Journalists on the country’s media since the fall of Peace MALDIVES 50 Indian Journalists’ Union Showkat Motta Hujatullah Mujadidi of the Taliban in 2001. The April 30 A golden yellow dawn Journalists Association of Bhutan attack occurred just days ahead of Maldives Journalists’ Association Sukumar Muralidharan JAILED AND DETAINED World Press Freedom Day. CREDIT: ONLINE HARASSMENT 12 Media Development Forum Maldives Lubna Naqvi NEPAL 56 BIKASH KARKI / AFP The fraught digital space JOURNALISTS 82 National Union of Journalists, India Alex Ogle The legal stranglehold National Union of Journalists, Nepal Waliullah Rahmani Nepal Press Union Zaheena Rasheed UNESCO is pleased to support the INTERNET SHUTDOWNS 16 PAKISTAN 62 Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists Amar Sango South-Asia Press Freedom Report Tightening control and Beena Sarwar 2018-19 with limited financial The new normal in South Asia Sri Lanka Working Journalists’ economic collapse Association Namgay Zam assistance. However, since this report Designed by: LX9 Design has been independently developed South Asia Media Solidarity Network by the International Federation of GENDER 22 SRI LANKA 68 (SAMSN) – Defending rights of Images: With special thanks to Journalists, Asia Pacific, therefore, Marching for equality Resilience amidst turmoil journalists and freedom of expression Agence France-Presse for the UNESCO has no influence over in South Asia. samsn.ifj.org/ use of images throughout the the content. The author(s) will be report. Additional photographs are responsible for the choice and the The SAMSN Digital Hub – contributed by IFJ affiliates and also presentation of the facts contained https://samsn.ifj.org/map/ provides accessed under a Creative Commons in the paper and for the opinions a listing of all known cases of media Attribution Non-Commercial Licence expressed therein, which will not be rights violations from 2014 and are acknowledged as such necessarily those of UNESCO and do through this report. not commit the Organisation. 4 IFJ PRESS FREEDOM REPORT 2018–2019 5 OVERVIEW ew could debate that South Asia’s media is tasked with a In Bangladesh, mass political demonstrations by students mighty job. In serving the public interest of a sizeable share over road safety saw another brave advocate of freedom of of the global population, journalists not only contend expression, photojournalist Shahidul Alam targeted. Accused of with the bread and butter of truth-telling and the requisite spreading false and provocative statements in an interview with challenges that it brings to their craft. But they do so Al Jazeera, he was jailed for more than 100 days drawing global Fin a space that is all at once a vibrant, thorny, complex and condemnation on the Bangladeshi government. Alam was one dangerous mix; where democracy and human rights navigate of 21 jailed or detained media workers in the region, on charges a path alongside enduring, intertwined and, often competing, such as violation of digital security laws, sedition and even religious, cultural, tribal, political and social histories. vague criminal determinations. Throw into that a rapidly evolving geo-political environment Right now, Pakistani journalist Cyril Almeida is also bravely pressured by massive economic imbalances, powerful political fighting treason charges in the courts for his coverage of the and business interests, growing extremism and digital disruption Pakistani state’s patronage of militant groups, while being and it is little wonder then that some might say that South honoured internationally as a press freedom hero. Meanwhile Asia’s media has been exposed to perhaps its biggest reckoning Kashmiri journalist Aasif Sultan currently remains languishing of recent history. in jail, charged under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act In 2018, South Asia was declared by the IFJ as the most deadly for a story on the second anniversary of the death of a young region in the world for media workers, which most brutally Kashmiri militant. Many other journalists in the year were demonstrates the reality faced by far too many in the industry. detained without charge for periods ranging from a few hours to Nowhere was this more acutely felt than Afghanistan with months. All in an attempt to silence their critical voices. eight journalists and four other media workers killed, another The period from May 2018 to April 2019, saw the mass eight threatened with death and 61 recorded violations on haemorrhaging of journalist jobs in the region, most acutely in journalists attempting to do their job. Pakistan. Those silenced by sacking in Pakistan included 700 The horrific targeted assassination of revered journalist and journalists at Jang, 243 at Century Publications, 350 at Nawa-e- editor Shujaat Bukhari in Kashmir, India, in June 2018 sent Waqt, 200 at Dunya, 200 at Abb Takk TV and new media entity shockwaves through the troubled region and beyond. Scores of Bol TV has ceremoniously hired and fired at least 4000. To say journalists and even ordinary citizens turned out to mourn and this is a body blow to truth is an understatement. shine a light on an important voice extinguished, a key voice of The growing spectre for freedom of expression in South Asia reason and advocate of peace in the protracted conflict. has also been the increasing frequency of internet shutdowns and IN 2018, SOUTH ASIA WAS DECLARED BY THE IFJ AS THE MOST DEADLY REGION IN THE WORLD FOR MEDIA WORKERS, WHICH MOST BRUTALLY DEMONSTRATES THE REALITY FACED BY FAR TOO MANY IN THE INDUSTRY. FOREWORD his 17th annual review of journalism in the region, Truth vs Misinformation: Facebook owned messaging service WhatsApp The Collective Push Back charts the challenges, triumphs and, most on July 10 published full-page advertisements importantly, the solidarity of this region’s brave and determined media in Indian dailies in a bid to counter fake information that has sparked mob lynching community over the past year. attacks across the country. CREDIT: PRAKASH While battered by the ugly game-changing rise of fake news and the SINGH / AFP collapse of media’s traditional economic model, journalists, media workers Tand their unions again and again, showed they were defiant, bold and determined to confront a myriad challenges. Together, in their work and in their collectives, they continued to monitor, advocate and shine a light on the controls, intimidation and government efforts that seek to threaten or silence freedom of expression. Regularly, they stood together to raise the voice of colleagues killed, incarcerated or under legal threat by governments or other powerful interests. This report shows that in spite of war mongering, the damaging impacts of fake news and hate speech, and the politics of control, South Asia’s media workers made it very clear that they have a decisive role to play in fighting the scourge of misinformation and supporting democracy and human rights. And most importantly they have a leading role in truth-telling. The IFJ and its affiliates retain hope. But we must keep pushing. Jane Worthington Pakistani police try to stop a journalist during Director a rally to mark World Press Freedom Day in IFJ Asia-Pacific Islamabad
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