Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)
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THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIANCE IN DETERMINING THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELK KELP PELAGOPHYCUS PORRA _______________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of San Diego State University _______________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology _______________ by Stacie Michelle Fejtek Fall 2008 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY The Undersigned Faculty Committee Approves the Thesis of Stacie Michelle Fejtek: The Effects of Irradiance in Determining the Vertical Distribution of Elk Kelp, Pelagophycus porra _____________________________________________ Matthew S. Edwards, Chair Department of Biology _____________________________________________ Todd W. Anderson Department of Biology _____________________________________________ Douglas A. Stow Department of Geography ______________________________ Approval Date iii Copyright © 2008 by Stacie Michelle Fejtek All Rights Reserved iv DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family and friends who have encouraged and supported me through the trials and challenges that accompany such an undertaking. A special thanks to Colby Smith who believed in me even when I didn’t believe in myself. v “Whatever you are be a good one” -Abraham Lincoln vi ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Effects of Irradiance in Determining the Vertical Distribution of Elk Kelp, Pelagophycus porra by Stacie Michelle Fejtek Master of Science in Biology San Diego State University, 2008 Elk Kelp, Pelagophycus porra, is commonly observed in deep (20-30 m) water along the outer edge of Giant Kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, beds in southern California, USA and northern Baja California, MEX, but rarely occurs in shallower water or within beds of M. pyrifera. Due to the nature of P. porra’s heteromorphic life history that alternates between a macroscopic diploid sporophyte and a microscopic haploid gametophyte, investigations of both life history stages were needed to understand P. -
Macrocystis Pyrifera: Interpopulation Comparisons and Temporal Variability
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published December 15 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Copper toxicity to microscopic stages of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera: interpopulation comparisons and temporal variability ' Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz. California 95064, USA Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Game, Coast Route 1, Granite Canyon, Monterey, California 93940, USA* ABSTRACT: Experiments were conducted to evaluate temporal and geographic variation in sensitivity of microscopic stages of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera to copper. Spores from kelp sporophylls collected from different locations and at different times of the year were exposed to series of copper concentrations following a standard toxicity test procedure. After 48 h static exposures, toxicity was determined by measuring 2 test endpoints: germination success and growth of germination tubes. The sensitivity of these endpoints to copper was also compared with the sensitivity of longer-term reproduc- tive endpoints: sporophyte production and sporophyte growth. No significant differences in response to copper were found among spores from different collection sites. Variability between 4 tests conducted quarterly throughout the year was greater than that between 3 tests done consecutively within 1 mo, indicating temporal variability in response to copper. Long-term reproductive endpoints were more sensitive to copper than were short-term vegetative endpoints, with No Observed Effect Concentrations of < 10 pg 1-' for sporophyte production, 10 yg 1-I for sporophyte growth, 10 yg 1-' for germ-tube growth, and 50 yg 1-I for germination inhibition. INTRODUCTION ductive failure, or growth of sensitive life stages (Bay et al. 1983, Lussier et al. 1985, ASTM 1987, Dinnel et al. -
Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications
Icelandic Geothermal Kelp – Specifications Laminaria digitata Certified 100% Organic PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Species Laminaria digitata Plant Part Milled Sea Vegetation (whole thallus) Processing Method Sustainable harvest, controlled geothermal low-temperature drying Country of Origin Iceland Primary Active Phytonutrients, Iodine and other micronutrients Recommended Daily Serving 50 milligrams* Particle Size Granules and Powder Color Green Aroma Mild marine odor Taste Salty Storage Dry area Shelf Life Best used within 60-months Packaging 25 kg. (55 lbs.); Multi-walled Kraft bag; easy-pour spout Certificates Certified 100% Organic by QAI; Certified Kosher by Star-K ANALYSIS Activity 2500-7500 ppm (0.25 – 0.75%) Iodine Moisture NMT 10% Test Methods Ash NMT 50% Lead NMT 5 ppm ICP-MS Inorganic Arsenic NMT 30 ppm IC-ICP-MS Cadmium NMT 1.5 ppm ICP-MS Mercury NMT 0.05 ppm ICP-MS Aerobic Plate Count <10,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 3 Total Coliform <1,000 CFU/g FDA BAM 4 Microbial E. coli N/D (<10 CFU/g) FDA BAM 4 Salmonella Negative (ND/25g) AOAC-989.09 Yeast/Mold <2,500 CFU/g each FDA BAM 18 Thorvin contains over 60 minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and beneficial phytonutrients. Thorvin is a 100% natural organic marine algae product; therefore, a specific laboratory analysis may vary from the typical analysis due to naturally occurring fluctuations in the sea plant. The information presented above is believed to be accurate and reliable; however, Thorvin, Inc. makes no warranty, either express or implied, and assumes no liability for this information and the product described herein. These are averages and are not guaranteed as conditions of sale. -
Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Nicola White & Charlotte Marshall 2007-09-06 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1375]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: White, N. & Marshall, C.E. 2007. Saccharina latissima Sugar kelp. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1375.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2007-09-06 Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Buoy line with Saccharina latissima. -
Optimization of Seedling Production Using Vegetative Gametophytes Of
Optimization of seedling production using vegetative gametophytes of Alaria esculenta Aires Duarte Mestrado em Biologia Funcional e Biotecnologia de Plantas Departamento de Biologia 2017 Orientador Isabel Sousa Pinto, associate professor, CIIMAR Coorientador Jorunn Skjermo, Senior Scientist, SINTEF OCEAN 2 3 Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to: professor Isabel Sousa Pinto of Universidade do Porto and senior research scientist Jorunn Skjermo of SINTEF ocean. From the beginning I had an interest to work aboard with macroalgae, after talking with prof. Isabel Sousa Pinto about this interest, she immediately suggested me a few places that I could look over. One of the suggestions was SINTEF ocean where I got to know Jorunn Skjermo. The door to Jorunn’s office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research. She consistently allowed this study to be my own work, but steered me in the right the direction whenever she thought I needed it. Thank you!! I want to thank Isabel Azevedo, Silje Forbord and Kristine Steinhovden for all the guidance provided in the beginning and until the end of my internship. I would also like to thank the experts who were involved in the different subjects of my research project: Arne Malzahn, Torfinn Solvang-Garten, Trond Storseth and to the amazing team of SINTEF ocean. I also want to thank my master’s director professor Paula Melo, who was a relentless person from the first day, always taking care of her “little F1 plants”. A huge thanks to my fellows Mónica Costa, Fernando Pagels and Leonor Martins for all the days and nights that we spent working and studying hard. -
Macrocystis Mariculture in Chile : Growth Performance of Heterosis
Erschienen in: Journal of Applied Phycology ; 23 (2011), 5. - S. 819-825 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-010-9581-z Macrocystis mariculture in Chile: growth performance of heterosis genotype constructs under field conditions Renato Westermeier & David J. Patiño & Pedro Murúa & Dieter G. Müller Abstract Recent progress in Macrocystis mariculture is Introduction based on clonal stock cultures of gametophyte parents. Batches of up to 105 genetically identical sporophyte Macrocystis (giant kelp) is an important natural resource in seedlings can be produced at any time in the laboratory the coastal waters of Chile. Dried material is used for and explanted in the field for production of biomass. Sexual alginate production, while fresh fronds are harvested in crosses of selected Macrocystis pyrifera gametophyte large quantities as food for mariculture of herbivorous high- parents of different geographic origin along the coast of value mollusks (abalone, Haliotis rufescens and H. discus Chile showed heterosis and produced sporophyte batches hannai). Intense harvesting pressure on natural kelp beds with superior growth performance. Starting from zygotes, has led to over-exploitation damage (Vásquez 2008). This after 10 weeks in the laboratory and 5 months in the sea, situation calls for efforts to supplement the available kelp our best hybrid genotypes grew up to 11 kg fresh weight biomass by laboratory-based culture methods. per frond, which corresponds to 66 kg m 1 of line in a Traditional mariculture techniques make use of meio- commercial mariculture installation. In contrast, average spores from natural populations, which are collected and yields of 14.4 and 22 kg m 1 are reported in the literature manipulated to settle on ropes in laboratory tanks. -
The Giant Sea Mammal That Went Extinct in Less Than Three Decades
The Giant Sea Mammal That Went Extinct in Less Than Three Decades The quick disappearance of the 30-foot animal helped to usher in the modern science of human-caused extinctions. JACOB MIKANOWSKI, THE ATLANTIC 4/19/17 HTTPS://WWW.THEATLANTIC.COM/SCIENCE/ARCHIVE/2017/04/PLEIST OSEACOW/522831/ The Pleistocene, the geologic era immediately preceding our own, was an age of giants. North America was home to mastodons and saber-tooth cats; mammoths and wooly rhinos roamed Eurasia; giant lizards and bear-sized wombats strode across the Australian outback. Most of these giants died at the by the end of the last Ice Age, some 14,000 years ago. Whether this wave of extinctions was caused by climate change, overhunting by humans, or some combination of both remains a subject of intense debate among scientists. Complicating the picture, though, is the fact that a few Pleistocene giants survived the Quaternary extinction event and nearly made it intact to the present. Most of these survivor species found refuge on islands. Giant sloths were still living on Cuba 6,000 years ago, long after their relatives on the mainland had died out. The last wooly mammoths died out just 4,000 years ago. They lived in a small herd on Wrangel Island north of the Bering Strait between the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas. Two-thousand years ago, gorilla-sized lemurs were still living on Madagascar. A thousand years ago, 12-foot-tall moa birds were still foraging in the forests of New Zealand. Unlike the other long-lived megafauna, Steller’s sea cows, one of the last of the Pleistocene survivors to die out, found their refuge in a remote scrape of the ocean instead of on land. -
Phaeophyceae – the Brown Algae
Phaeophyceae – The Brown Algae Anyone who has walked along the California seashore can easily recognize that brown algae are among the most conspicuous representatives of our local marine flora. In addition to a plethora of intertidal species, brown algae comprise the impressive kelp forests that characterize subtidal regions of California waters and those of many other regions of the world, especially along shores where coastal upwelling occurs. The brown algae, of which there are approximately 225 genera and 1400 species, are almost entirely found in the marine environment. They are the predominant algae in terms of biomass in the intertidal and subtidal zones of polar, boreal and cold temperate waters, getting progressively less abundant as latitude decreases. With the exception of a few species, they are not generally found in at depths greater than ca. 25 meters. Certain brown algae, such as the giant kelp Macrocystis, are the largest of the nonvascular plants and may reach in excess of 150 feet. Plants as large as this are found along the West Coast of North America, from Alaska to Baja California. The greatest degree of tissue differentiation found in the algae occurs in this group. No unicellular or colonial forms are known and only certain reproductive stages (zoospores and some gametes) are planktonic. The evolutionary origins of these organisms remain obscure. Many brown algae are commercially valuable either for human consumption, or as a source of natural chemicals, such as alginic acid. Many species of brown algae contain toxic chemicals as a defense against herbivores. Some systematic treatments of algae consider that the brown algae comprise a separate taxonomic Division – The Phaeophyta whereas many texts include them as a class, the Phaeophyceae in the Division Chromophyta. -
Nest Spacing in Elegant Terns: Hexagonal Packing Revisited Charles T
WESTERN BIRDS Volume 39, Number 2, 2008 NEST SPACING IN ELEGANT TERNS: HEXAGONAL PACKING REVISITED CHARLES T. COLLINS and MICHAEL D. TAYLOR, Department of Biological Sci- ences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840 (current address of Taylor: Santiago Canyon College, 8045 East Chapman Ave., Orange, California 92869); [email protected] ABSTRACT: Within an important breeding colony in southern California, Elegant Terns (Thalasseus elegans) nest in one to several tightly packed clusters. Inter-nest distances within these clusters average 31.2 cm. This value is less than that reported for the larger-bodied Royal Tern (T. maximus) and Great Crested Tern (T. bergii). For Elegant Terns, the modal number of adjacent nests was six (range 5–7). This type of nest arrangement has been previously described as hexagonal packing and now appears to be typical of all Thalasseus terns for which data are available. Many seabirds nest in large, often traditional, colonies (Coulson 2002, Schreiber and Burger 2002). The ontogeny of annual colony formation has been reviewed by Kharitonov and Siegel-Causey (1988), and the evolution- ary processes which have led to coloniality have been considered by a number of authors (Lack 1968, Fischer and Lockley 1974, Wittenburger and Hunt 1985, Siegel-Causey and Kharitonov 1990, Coulson 2002). Seabird colonies may be rather loosely organized aggregations of breeding pairs of one to several species at a single site. At the other extreme, they may be dense, tightly packed, largely monospecific clusters where distances between nests are minimal. A graphic example of the latter is the dense clustering of nests recorded for several species of crested terns (Buckley and Buckley 1972, 2002, Hulsman 1977, Veen 1977, Symens and Evans 1993, Burness et al. -
A Comprehensive Kelp Phylogeny Sheds Light on the Evolution of an T Ecosystem ⁎ Samuel Starkoa,B,C, , Marybel Soto Gomeza, Hayley Darbya, Kyle W
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 136 (2019) 138–150 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A comprehensive kelp phylogeny sheds light on the evolution of an T ecosystem ⁎ Samuel Starkoa,b,c, , Marybel Soto Gomeza, Hayley Darbya, Kyle W. Demesd, Hiroshi Kawaie, Norishige Yotsukuraf, Sandra C. Lindstroma, Patrick J. Keelinga,d, Sean W. Grahama, Patrick T. Martonea,b,c a Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada b Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd., Bamfield V0R 1B0, Canada c Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, Quadra Island, Canada d Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada e Department of Biology, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 657-8501, Japan f Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Reconstructing phylogenetic topologies and divergence times is essential for inferring the timing of radiations, Adaptive radiation the appearance of adaptations, and the historical biogeography of key lineages. In temperate marine ecosystems, Speciation kelps (Laminariales) drive productivity and form essential habitat but an incomplete understanding of their Kelp phylogeny has limited our ability to infer their evolutionary origins and the spatial and temporal patterns of their Laminariales diversification. Here, we -
Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: August 29, 2018 Panel Meeting Date: September 24-25, 2018 The 2018 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Lillian C. Becker, former Scientific Analyst/Writer and Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer Date: August 29, 2018 Subject: Safety Assessment of Brown Algae as Used in Cosmetics Enclosed is the Draft Report of 83 brown algae-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. (It is identified as broalg092018rep in this pdf.) This is the first time the Panel is reviewing this document. The ingredients in this review are extracts, powders, juices, or waters derived from one or multiple species of brown algae. Information received from the Personal Care Products Council (Council) are attached: • use concentration data of brown algae and algae-derived ingredients (broalg092018data1, broalg092018data2, broalg092018data3); • Information regarding hydrolyzed fucoidan extracted from Laminaria digitata has been included in the report. -
OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................