Memory Synapses Are Defined by Distinct Molecular Complexes: A
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Electromagnetic Field and TGF-Β Enhance the Compensatory
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Electromagnetic feld and TGF‑β enhance the compensatory plasticity after sensory nerve injury in cockroach Periplaneta americana Milena Jankowska1, Angelika Klimek1, Chiara Valsecchi2, Maria Stankiewicz1, Joanna Wyszkowska1* & Justyna Rogalska1 Recovery of function after sensory nerves injury involves compensatory plasticity, which can be observed in invertebrates. The aim of the study was the evaluation of compensatory plasticity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nervous system after the sensory nerve injury and assessment of the efect of electromagnetic feld exposure (EMF, 50 Hz, 7 mT) and TGF‑β on this process. The bioelectrical activities of nerves (pre‑and post‑synaptic parts of the sensory path) were recorded under wind stimulation of the cerci before and after right cercus ablation and in insects exposed to EMF and treated with TGF‑β. Ablation of the right cercus caused an increase of activity of the left presynaptic part of the sensory path. Exposure to EMF and TGF‑β induced an increase of activity in both parts of the sensory path. This suggests strengthening efects of EMF and TGF‑β on the insect ability to recognize stimuli after one cercus ablation. Data from locomotor tests proved electrophysiological results. The takeover of the function of one cercus by the second one proves the existence of compensatory plasticity in the cockroach escape system, which makes it a good model for studying compensatory plasticity. We recommend further research on EMF as a useful factor in neurorehabilitation. Injuries in the nervous system caused by acute trauma, neurodegenerative diseases or even old age are hard to reverse and represent an enormous challenge for modern medicine. -
Author's Accepted Manuscript
Author’s Accepted Manuscript Synapse-specific stabilization of plasticity processes: The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis revisited ten years later Angel Barco, Mikel Lopez de Armentia, Juan M. Alarcon PII: S0149-7634(08)00008-0 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.002 Reference: NBR 1021 www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev To appear in: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Received date: 30 October 2007 Revised date: 28 December 2007 Accepted date: 7 January 2008 Cite this article as: Angel Barco, Mikel Lopez de Armentia and Juan M. Alarcon, Synapse-specific stabilization of plasticity processes: The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis revisited ten years later, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (2008), doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.01.002 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The STC hypothesis revisited Synapse-specific stabilization of plasticity processes: The synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis revisited ten years later Angel Barco1*, Mikel Lopez de Armentia1 and Juan M. Alarcon2 1Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante. (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). Campus de Sant Joan. Apt. 18. Sant Joan d’Alacant. 03550. Alicante, Spain. 2SUNY Downstate Medical Center. 450 Clarkson Ave., Box 25, Brooklyn, NY 11203. -
Spike-Based Bayesian-Hebbian Learning in Cortical and Subcortical Microcircuits
Spike-Based Bayesian-Hebbian Learning in Cortical and Subcortical Microcircuits PHILIP J. TULLY Doctoral Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2017 TRITA-CSC-A-2017:11 ISSN 1653-5723 KTH School of Computer Science and Communication ISRN-KTH/CSC/A-17/11-SE SE-100 44 Stockholm ISBN 978-91-7729-351-4 SWEDEN Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av Kungl Tekniska högskolan framläg- ges till offentlig granskning för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen i datalogi tisdagen den 9 maj 2017 klockan 13.00 i F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Kungl Tekniska högskolan, Valhallavägen 79, Stockholm. © Philip J. Tully, May 2017 Tryck: Universitetsservice US AB iii Abstract Cortical and subcortical microcircuits are continuously modified throughout life. Despite ongoing changes these networks stubbornly maintain their functions, which persist although destabilizing synaptic and nonsynaptic mechanisms should osten- sibly propel them towards runaway excitation or quiescence. What dynamical phe- nomena exist to act together to balance such learning with information processing? What types of activity patterns do they underpin, and how do these patterns relate to our perceptual experiences? What enables learning and memory operations to occur despite such massive and constant neural reorganization? Progress towards answering many of these questions can be pursued through large- scale neuronal simulations. Inspiring some of the most seminal neuroscience exper- iments, theoretical models provide insights that demystify experimental measure- ments and even inform new experiments. In this thesis, a Hebbian learning rule for spiking neurons inspired by statistical inference is introduced. The spike-based version of the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) learning rule involves changes in both synaptic strengths and intrinsic neuronal currents. -
Systematic Identification of Genes Regulating Synaptic Remodeling In
Genes Genet. Syst. (2020) 95, p. 101–110 Genes required for synaptic remodeling 101 Systematic identification of genes regulating synaptic remodeling in the Drosophila visual system Tomohiro Araki, Jiro Osaka, Yuya Kato, Mai Shimozono, Hinata Kawamura, Riku Iwanaga, Satoko Hakeda-Suzuki and Takashi Suzuki* Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan (Received 17 December 2019, accepted 21 January 2020; J-STAGE Advance published date: 4 June 2020) In many animals, neural activity contributes to the adaptive refinement of synaptic properties, such as firing frequency and the number of synapses, for learning, memorizing and adapting for survival. However, the molecular mech- anisms underlying such activity-dependent synaptic remodeling remain largely unknown. In the synapses of Drosophila melanogaster, the presynaptic active zone (AZ) forms a T-shaped presynaptic density comprising AZ proteins, including Bruchpilot (Brp). In a previous study, we found that the signal from a fusion pro- tein molecular marker consisting of Brp and mCherry becomes diffuse under con- tinuous light over three days (LL), reflecting disassembly of the AZ, while remaining punctate under continuous darkness. To identify the molecular players control- ling this synaptic remodeling, we used the fusion protein molecular marker and performed RNAi screening against 208 neuron-related transmembrane genes that are highly expressed in the Drosophila visual system. Second analyses using the STaR (synaptic tagging with recombination) technique, which showed a decrease in synapse number under the LL condition, and subsequent mutant and overexpres- sion analysis confirmed that five genes are involved in the activity-dependent AZ disassembly. -
New Clues for the Cerebellar Mechanisms of Learning
REVIEW Distributed Circuit Plasticity: New Clues for the Cerebellar Mechanisms of Learning Egidio D’Angelo1,2 & Lisa Mapelli1,3 & Claudia Casellato 5 & Jesus A. Garrido1,4 & Niceto Luque 4 & Jessica Monaco2 & Francesca Prestori1 & Alessandra Pedrocchi 5 & Eduardo Ros 4 Abstract The cerebellum is involved in learning and memory it can easily cope with multiple behaviors endowing therefore of sensory motor skills. However, the way this process takes the cerebellum with the properties needed to operate as an place in local microcircuits is still unclear. The initial proposal, effective generalized forward controller. casted into the Motor Learning Theory, suggested that learning had to occur at the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell synapse under Keywords Cerebellum . Distributed plasticity . Long-term supervision of climbing fibers. However, the uniqueness of this synaptic plasticity . LTP . LTD . Learning . Memory mechanism has been questioned, and multiple forms of long- term plasticity have been revealed at various locations in the cerebellar circuit, including synapses and neurons in the gran- Introduction ular layer, molecular layer and deep-cerebellar nuclei. At pres- ent, more than 15 forms of plasticity have been reported. There The cerebellum is involved in the acquisition of procedural mem- has been a long debate on which plasticity is more relevant to ory, and several attempts have been done at linking cerebellar specific aspects of learning, but this question turned out to be learning to the underlying neuronal circuit mechanisms. -
Functionally Diverse Dendritic Mrnas Rapidly Associate with Ribosomes Following a Novel Experience
ARTICLE Received 19 Feb 2014 | Accepted 24 Jun 2014 | Published 29 Jul 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5510 Functionally diverse dendritic mRNAs rapidly associate with ribosomes following a novel experience Joshua A. Ainsley1, Laurel Drane1, Jonathan Jacobs1, Kara A. Kittelberger1,w & Leon G. Reijmers1 The subcellular localization and translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) supports functional differentiation between cellular compartments. In neuronal dendrites, local translation of mRNA provides a rapid and specific mechanism for synaptic plasticity and memory forma- tion, and might be involved in the pathophysiology of certain brain disorders. Despite the importance of dendritic mRNA translation, little is known about which mRNAs can be translated in dendrites in vivo and when their translation occurs. Here we collect ribosome- bound mRNA from the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus. We find that dendritic mRNA rapidly associates with ribosomes following a novel experience consisting of a contextual fear conditioning trial. High throughput RNA sequencing followed by machine learning classification reveals an unexpected breadth of ribosome-bound den- dritic mRNAs, including mRNAs expected to be entirely somatic. Our findings are in agree- ment with a mechanism of synaptic plasticity that engages the acute local translation of functionally diverse dendritic mRNAs. 1 Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. w Present address: Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to L.R. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 5:4510 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5510 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. -
Article Role of Delayed Nonsynaptic Neuronal Plasticity in Long-Term Associative Memory
Current Biology 16, 1269–1279, July 11, 2006 ª2006 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.049 Article Role of Delayed Nonsynaptic Neuronal Plasticity in Long-Term Associative Memory Ildiko´ Kemenes,1 Volko A. Straub,1,3 memory, and we describe how this information can be Eugeny S. Nikitin,1 Kevin Staras,1,4 Michael O’Shea,1 translated into modified network and behavioral output. Gyo¨ rgy Kemenes,1,2,* and Paul R. Benjamin1,2,* 1 Sussex Centre for Neuroscience Introduction Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Life Sciences It is now widely accepted that nonsynaptic as well as University of Sussex synaptic plasticity are substrates for long-term memory Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG [1–4]. Although information is available on how nonsy- United Kingdom naptic plasticity can emerge from cellular processes active during learning [3], far less is understood about how it is translated into persistently modified behavior. Summary There are, for instance, important unanswered ques- tions regarding the timing and persistence of nonsynap- Background: It is now well established that persistent tic plasticity and the relationship between nonsynaptic nonsynaptic neuronal plasticity occurs after learning plasticity and changes in synaptic output. In this paper and, like synaptic plasticity, it can be the substrate for we address these important issues by looking at an long-term memory. What still remains unclear, though, example of learning-induced nonsynaptic plasticity is how nonsynaptic plasticity contributes to the altered (somal depolarization), its onset and persistence, and neural network properties on which memory depends. its effects on synaptically mediated network activation Understanding how nonsynaptic plasticity is translated in an experimentally tractable molluscan model system. -
Local Protein Translation and RNA Processing of Synaptic Proteins in Autism Spectrum Disorder
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Local Protein Translation and RNA Processing of Synaptic Proteins in Autism Spectrum Disorder Yuyoung Joo * and David R. Benavides Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-410-706-5799 Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heritable neurodevelopmental condition associated with impairments in social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviors. While the under- lying disease mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, dysfunction of neuronal plasticity and local translation control have emerged as key points of interest. Translation of mRNAs for critical synaptic proteins are negatively regulated by Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which is lost in the most common single-gene disorder associated with ASD. Numerous studies have shown that mRNA transport, RNA metabolism, and translation of synaptic proteins are important for neuronal health, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory. Accordingly, dysfunction of these mechanisms may contribute to the abnormal brain function observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we summarize recent studies about local translation and mRNA processing of synaptic proteins and discuss how perturbations of these processes may be related to the pathophysiology of ASD. Keywords: local translation; RNA processing; RNA binding protein; synaptic protein; neuronal plasticity; autism Citation: Joo, Y.; Benavides, D.R. Local Protein Translation and RNA Processing of Synaptic Proteins in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int. J. Mol. 1. Introduction Sci. 2021, 22, 2811. https://doi.org/ Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a group of neurodevelopmental disorders 10.3390/ijms22062811 characterized by impairments in communication and social behavior. -
Nanoscale Imaging Reveals Mirna-Mediated Control of Functional States of Dendritic Spines
Nanoscale imaging reveals miRNA-mediated control of functional states of dendritic spines Ikbum Parka,1, Hyun Jin Kimb,1, Youngkyu Kimc,2, Hye Sung Hwangb, Haruo Kasaid, Joung-Hun Kimb,3, and Joon Won Parka,c,3 aDivision of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-Gu, 37673 Pohang, Korea; bDepartment of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-Gu, 37673 Pohang, Korea; cDepartment of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam-Gu, 37673 Pohang, Korea; and dLaboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Edited by Solomon H. Snyder, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved March 28, 2019 (received for review November 13, 2018) Dendritic spines are major loci of excitatory inputs and undergo in synaptic structures, largely due to resolution limits imposed by activity-dependent structural changes that contribute to synaptic conventional miRNA detection methods including in situ hybrid- plasticity and memory formation. Despite the existence of various ization (18–20) and fluorophore-labeled probes (14, 15, 18–23). classification types of spines, how they arise and which molecular Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables multiparametric components trigger their structural plasticity remain elusive. nanoscale imaging for topography and stiffness, even under microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of synapse physiological conditions (24–27). In particular, AFM tips com- development and plasticity via their control of gene expression. prise molecular probes that bind to specific targets, thereby Brain-specific miR-134s likely regulate the morphological maturation of generating specific adhesion signals characterized by force- spines, but their subcellular distributions and functional impacts have distance curves (28–30). -
Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability
Downloaded from learnmem.cshlp.org on September 27, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Review Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability: Learning Rules and Mechanisms Gae¨l Daoudal and Dominique Debanne1 Institut National de la Sante´Et de la Recherche Me´dicale UMR464 Neurobiologie des Canaux Ioniques, Institut Fe´de´ratif Jean Roche, Faculte´deMe´decine Secteur Nord, Universite´d’Aix-Marseille II, 13916 Marseille, France Spatio-temporal configurations of distributed activity in the brain is thought to contribute to the coding of neuronal information and synaptic contacts between nerve cells could play a central role in the formation of privileged pathways of activity. Synaptic plasticity is not the exclusive mode of regulation of information processing in the brain, and persistent regulations of ionic conductances in some specialized neuronal areas such as the dendrites, the cell body, and the axon could also modulate, in the long-term, the propagation of neuronal information. Persistent changes in intrinsic excitability have been reported in several brain areas in which activity is elevated during a classical conditioning. The role of synaptic activity seems to be a determinant in the induction, but the learning rules and the underlying mechanisms remain to be defined. We discuss here the role of synaptic activity in the induction of intrinsic plasticity in cortical, hippocampal, and cerebellar neurons. Activation of glutamate receptors initiates a long-term modification in neuronal excitability that may represent a parallel, synergistic substrate for learning and memory. Similar to synaptic plasticity, long-lasting intrinsic plasticity appears to be bidirectional and to express a certain level of input or cell specificity. -
Diverse Impact of Acute and Long-Term Extracellular Proteolytic Activity on Plasticity of Neuronal Excitability
REVIEW published: 10 August 2015 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00313 Diverse impact of acute and long-term extracellular proteolytic activity on plasticity of neuronal excitability Tomasz Wójtowicz 1*, Patrycja Brzda, k 2 and Jerzy W. Mozrzymas 1,2 1 Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland, 2 Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland Learning and memory require alteration in number and strength of existing synaptic connections. Extracellular proteolysis within the synapses has been shown to play a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity by determining synapse structure, function, and number. Although synaptic plasticity of excitatory synapses is generally acknowledged to play a crucial role in formation of memory traces, some components of neural plasticity are reflected by nonsynaptic changes. Since information in neural networks is ultimately conveyed with action potentials, scaling of neuronal excitability could significantly enhance or dampen the outcome of dendritic integration, boost neuronal information storage capacity and ultimately learning. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. With this regard, several lines of evidence and our most recent study support a view that activity of extracellular proteases might affect information processing Edited by: Leszek Kaczmarek, in neuronal networks by affecting targets beyond synapses. Here, we review the most Nencki Institute, Poland recent studies addressing the impact of extracellular proteolysis on plasticity of neuronal Reviewed by: excitability and discuss how enzymatic activity may alter input-output/transfer function Ania K. Majewska, University of Rochester, USA of neurons, supporting cognitive processes. Interestingly, extracellular proteolysis may Anna Elzbieta Skrzypiec, alter intrinsic neuronal excitability and excitation/inhibition balance both rapidly (time of University of Exeter, UK minutes to hours) and in long-term window. -
Plasticity in the Olfactory System: Lessons for the Neurobiology of Memory D
REVIEW I Plasticity in the Olfactory System: Lessons for the Neurobiology of Memory D. A. WILSON, A. R. BEST, and R. M. SULLIVAN Department of Zoology University of Oklahoma We are rapidly advancing toward an understanding of the molecular events underlying odor transduction, mechanisms of spatiotemporal central odor processing, and neural correlates of olfactory perception and cognition. A thread running through each of these broad components that define olfaction appears to be their dynamic nature. How odors are processed, at both the behavioral and neural level, is heavily depend- ent on past experience, current environmental context, and internal state. The neural plasticity that allows this dynamic processing is expressed nearly ubiquitously in the olfactory pathway, from olfactory receptor neurons to the higher-order cortex, and includes mechanisms ranging from changes in membrane excitabil- ity to changes in synaptic efficacy to neurogenesis and apoptosis. This review will describe recent findings regarding plasticity in the mammalian olfactory system that are believed to have general relevance for understanding the neurobiology of memory. NEUROSCIENTIST 10(6):513–524, 2004. DOI: 10.1177/1073858404267048 KEY WORDS Olfaction, Plasticity, Memory, Learning, Perception Odor perception is situational, contextual, and ecologi- ory for several reasons. First, the olfactory system is cal. Odors are not stored in memory as unique entities. phylogenetically highly conserved, and memory plays a Rather, they are always interrelated with other sensory critical role in many ecologically significant odor- perceptions . that happen to coincide with them. guided behaviors. Thus, many different animal models, ranging from Drosophila to primates, can be taken —Engen (1991, p 86–87) advantage of to address specific experimental questions.