Bhagavad-Gita, a Ciência Suprema

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Bhagavad-Gita, a Ciência Suprema O Bhagavad-gita: A Ciência Suprema Compilado por Swami B. A. Paramadvaiti e Sripad Atulananda Acharya O Bhagavad-gita A Ciência Suprema Compilado por Swami B. A. Paramadvaiti e Sripad Atulananda Acharya Serviço Editorial dos Vaishnavas Acharyas [Pronúncia em português: Bhagavad-gita = "bagavá guita"] DEDICADO AO NOSSO MAIS QUERIDO MESTRE ESPIRITUAL Srila A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Fundador Acharia da Sociedade Internacional para Consciência de Krishna Mestre Espiritual dos Compiladores deste Livro Ele é o autor do Livro mundialmente famoso "O Bhagavad-gita como Ele é" Que inspirou e guiou o presente Livro Sripad Atulananda Acharya e Swami B. A. Paramadvaiti Compiladores desta apresentação de "O Bhagavad-gita: A Ciência Suprema" Este livro foi compilado com a finalidade de tornar acessível ao povo brasileiro, a sabedoria do Bhagavad-gita, da tradicional escola dos grandes mestres da Bhakti-yoga, da Índia milenar. Esta apresentação de "O Bhagavad-gita: A Ciência Suprema", foi realizada de forma condensada e clara. Agradecemos: A Srila B. V. Harijan Maharaj por sua amizade sincera e entusiasmo. A todos os devotos do Brasil que colaboraram na digitação, tradução, revisão, edição e impressão desta versão brasileira do Livro "O Bhagavad-gita: A Ciência Suprema": Instituto de Estudos Védicos - Vrinda do Brasil Rua Botucatu, 481 - Vila Mariana 04023-061 - São Paulo - SP - Brasil - (55 11 5908-1361) Autorizamos a todas as pessoas a distribuírem estes ensinamentos por todos os meios de comunicação possíveis. Pedimos desculpas aos nossos leitores pelas imperfeições nesta apresentação, mas temos certeza que o brilho das palavras consoladoras e iluminadoras de Sri Krishna, o Senhor Supremo, vai chegar aos corações dos buscadores da Verdade Absoluta sinceros. Primeira edição em português, São Paulo, outubro de 2003. PRÓLOGO Todas as glórias a Sri Guru e Gauranga Srimad Bhagavad-gita Mahatmyam Um extrato da glorificação ao Bhagavad-gita A glória do Bhagavad-gita 1. Para começar, presto minhas reverências ao Senhor Supremo Sri Krishna, que aceitou a posição de cocheiro de Arjuna, somente para distribuir a ambrosia do Bhagavad-gita para o beneficio dos três mundos. 2. Quem quiser atravessar o horrível oceano dos sofrimentos materiais pode fazê-lo facilmente por se refugiar no barco do Bhagavad-gita. 3. Por isso, deve-se respeitar o Bhagavad-gita em todo tempo e lugar como o inaugurador da sabedoria religiosa e a imaculada essência de todas as escrituras sagradas. 4. Aquele que ouve atentamente e canta as glórias da mensagem do Bhagavad-gita, ou explica esta mensagem a outros, atinge o destino Supremo. 5. A miséria causada por magia negra e maldições nunca pode entrar em uma casa onde se adora o Bhagavad-gita. 6. Assim, com o conhecimento do Bhagavad-gita, o coração se purifica. Em uma escala de dezoito capítulos, rejeita-se toda doutrina que propõe a satisfação sensual e a liberação impessoal. As qualificações para a ocupação no serviço devocional amoroso se desenvolvem passo a passo. 7. Aquele que no momento da morte se lembra de metade do Bhagavad- gita, um quarto, um capítulo, ou até um só verso, atinge o destino Supremo. 8. Com grande êxtase, o Senhor Supremo Sri Krishna e Sua Companheira Divina, Sri Radhika, estão presentes misericordiosamente em qualquer lugar onde se discute, estuda ou ensina a concepção do Bhagavad-gita. Recomendamos a todos os estudantes sérios que recitem, pelo menos, um capítulo por dia e presenteiem um Bhagavad-gita, quando possível, a todos os buscadores da Bela Verdade Suprema. Que este Livro seja uma oferenda ao Senhor Sri Krishna. PREFACIO Segundo as escrituras védicas, esta era se chama kali-yuga, a era do ferro, das desavenças e da hipocrisia. Somos seres vivos condicionados aos modos da natureza material, sofremos aflição proveniente de nossa falsa identificação com o corpo. Os apegos materiais são causadores de nossas frustrações; por isso, permanecemos em conflito interno, que é manifesto externamente na forma da proliferação de guerra, terrorismo, insegurança social e angústia, que causam doenças mentais, pânicos e descontentamentos. Na medida que esta era avança, a degradação dos seres vivos é maior e a orientação das massas, por líderes que são produtos das mesmas, conduz somente a situações caóticas, já que predominam neles os modos da paixão e da ignorância. Não têm controle sobre si mesmos e carecem de pureza (que é a força). Eles protegem as atividades mais pecaminosas como matança de animais, intoxicação, jogos de azar e prostituição generalizada, que só trazem mais degradação, exploração e competição, assim causam reações que afetam todos seres vivos em maior ou menor grau. Paramadvaiti Swami e Prabhu Atulananda apresentam esta edição do Livro sagrado "O Bhagavad-gita: A Ciência Suprema" da forma mais clara possível, como alternativa para a esperança; o grande livro sagrado que demonstra como sair vitorioso de qualquer conflito; que nos ensina a levantar, não importa o quanto caído estamos, ou em situação muito abominável. "O Bhagavad-gita: A Ciência Suprema" é a luz do conhecimento mais confidencial. A Verdade Absoluta ao alcance dos mais necessitados, por receber a inspiração de grandes personalidades como Bhaktivedanta Swami Maharaj Prabhupada e Bhaktiraksak Sridhar Dev Goswami Maharaj. Outros grandes pensadores também obtiveram força deste livro, como Mahatma Gandhi, que disse: "O Bhagavad-gita sempre foi uma fonte de consolo para mim. Em momentos quando não via mais nenhuma perspectiva consoladora no horizonte, abria o Gita e encontrava um verso que me dava novas esperanças". Ralph Waldo Emerson disse: "Devo um dia magnífico ao Bhagavad-gita; o primeiro dos livros; é como um império que nos fala; nada pequeno nem depreciativo, muito pelo contrário, majestoso, sereno, consistente, a voz de uma inteligência antiga que em outra época e clima examinou e resolveu as mesmas perguntas que nos movem hoje". Wilhelm Von Humboldt disse: "O mais profundo e elevado que o mundo pode nos mostrar. Agradeço a Deus por me permitir viver tanto tempo para que pudesse ler o Bhagavad-gita". Arthur Schopenhauer, entre outros, disse: "A leitura mais educativa e elevada que se pode encontrar neste mundo". Esta jóia da sabedoria universal manifesta em cada um de seus 700 versos sua supremacia filosófica e eloqüência literária. É como um grande enredo que se desenvolve didática e poeticamente, e nos ensina, e nos mostra a nos descobrir como realmente somos. Por isso, a necessidade de chegar com muito cuidado, com simpatia, com amor, com desejo de conhecer e compreender. O objetivo de enfatizar os versos chaves ao amigo leitor é guiá-lo a temas específicos que possam atrair sua atenção e curiosidade, pelo fluxo poético natural de uma idéia à outra, assim como a abelha voa e lambe o néctar entre tantas e maravilhosas flores transcendentais. Como característica geral de nosso tema, o Bhagavad-gita é um poema filosófico composto de setecentos versos escritos em sânscrito originalmente. E é uma das mais importantes obras literárias e filosóficas conhecidas pelo ser humano. A influência do Bhagavad-gita não se limita apenas à Índia, como um clássico da sabedoria de todos os tempos. O Gita afetou profundamente gerações de filósofos, teólogos, educadores, cientistas e autores do mundo ocidental como Platão, Santo Agostinho, Pascal, Newton, Leibnitz, Kant, Schopenhauer, Hegel, Goethe, Hesse, C. Jung, Einstein, e muitos outros, como revela Henry David Thoreau em seu diário: "Todas manhãs, banho meu intelecto na estupenda e cosmogônica filosofia do Bhagavad-gita, que faz parecer pequenas e triviais nossa civilização e cultura, se compararmos". A autoria do Mahabharata se atribui tradicionalmente ao grande sábio Vyasa Deva (Srila Vyasadeva, ou Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa). Foi Vyasadeva, ou "a encarnação literária de Deus", quem pôs a eterna sabedoria védica em escrita, segundo a historiografia ortodoxa védica, no começo da era de Kali (era do ferro), a presente era de escuridão espiritual progressiva, (anteriormente havia a sucessão com transmissão oral, com a qual se pode imaginar a presença de outro tempo na história da humanidade). Depois de recopilar os quatro Vedas principais, os Upanishads e o Vedanta-sutra, Ele decidiu recopilar os Puranas e o Mahabharata para o benefício das pessoas em geral, que não podem assimilar fácil e suficientemente os ensinamentos filosóficos elevados e complexos das primeiras obras. Assim, expor as conclusões filosóficas dos Vedas, por meio de uma narração histórica simples, para as pessoas comuns compreenderem mais facilmente e receberem os benefícios destes ensinamentos. Deste modo, o Bhagavad-gita, a essência resumida e simplificada da sabedoria Védica para esta era, é apresentado no Mahabharata, uma obra de ação narrativa sobre uma importante época da política da Índia antiga. INTRODUÇÃO O Bhagavad-gita é o livro dos livros. Todo aquele que pratica yoga ou declara estar conectado com o pensamento indiano, aceita o Bhagavad- gita como uma escritura sagrada autorizada. Esta apresentação do Bhagavad-gita, com seus comentários condensados, tem como finalidade fazer com que todo mundo possa ter acesso aos imortais ensinamentos de Deus, Sri Krishna. O Bhagavad-gita é o primeiro livro em toda humanidade, e o leitor sincero irá perceber que seus ensinamentos, apresentados há cinco mil anos pelo sábio Vyasadeva, apesar de estarem quase totalmente esquecidos pelas universidades e escolas, não ficaram desatualizados e nem perderam a importância para esta humanidade cheia de conflitos. Krishna dá instruções claras para todo tipo de problema que se apresenta em nossa vida pessoal: De onde viemos e por que existimos? Para onde vamos após a morte e qual o nosso dever neste mundo? O que acontece em outros planetas? O que é felicidade e conhecimento verdadeiro? Krishna responde tudo, Krishna sabe tudo, porque Ele é Deus e não um ser vivo ordinário como nós; por isso que o Bhagavad- gita é o Livro dos livros. Por isso, pedimos aos leitores sérios que deixem dado os preconceitos e dúvidas, e que participem da nectárea leitura dos ensinamentos de Sri Krishna.
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