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2008001224.Pdf Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Comunicação e Arte 2007 Emanuel Conde História do design de veículos automóveis em Rufo Portugal Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Design, Materiais e Gestão do Produto, realizada sob a orientação científica do Prof. Rui Silva e co- orientação do Prof. Carlos Aguiar, Professores do Departamento de Comunicação e Arte da Universidade de Aveiro. dedicatória A todos os que me apoiaram na realização deste trabalho. o júri presidente Doutor Vasco Afonso da Silva Branco Professor Associado da Universidade de Aveiro Doutor Manuel Carlos Gameiro da Silva Professor Associado com Agregação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra Doutor Rui Ramos Ferreira e Silva Professor Associado da Universidade de Aveiro (Orientador da dissertação) Mestre Carlos Alberto Ferreira Aguiar Pinto Professor Auxiliar Convidado da Universidade de Aveiro (Co-Orientador) agradecimentos Ao meu orientador, Prof. Doutor Rui Ramos Ferreira e Silva. Ao meu co- orientador, Dr. Carlos Aguiar Pinto, pelo trabalho conjunto com o orientador. À minha identidade patronal Sanindusa, Indústria de Sanitários SA, na pessoa de Luís Ribeiro, pela compreensão demonstrada durante a realização deste trabalho. Aos meus pais que sempre me incentivaram e apoiaram na realização deste trabalho. À minha namorada Carolina Manuela Carvalho, pela compreensão que demonstrou durante a elaboração deste projecto e palas horas que passou sem a minha presença. Aos meus irmãos que generosamente me souberam perdoar pelo tempo de ausência que decorreu do meu empenho durante a elaboração deste trabalho. Ao ACP (Automóvel Clube de Portugal). Ao eng. José Rui Marcelino, da empresa AlmaDesign. À Dra. Paula Moura do Museu dos Transportes e Comunicações no Porto. Ao Sr. João Laurestim da empresa CaetanoBus. Ao Sr. Carlos Cruz, da Empresa Irmãos Mota. Ao eng. Marco António Lindo, da empresa de transportes Arriva. palavras-chave Carroçaria, aerodinâmica, Design automóvel, desenvolvimento, estilismo, tendências de design automóvel, automóvel de corrida, indústria de autocarros. resumo O presente estudo, aborda o tema da história do design automóvel em Portugal. No entanto será difícil compreender este conceito sem conhecer as variáveis que estão por detrás desta prática, a sua evolução mundial, desde o seu aparecimento até aos nossos dias. Propõe-se um percurso baseado nas diferentes evoluções do design automóvel, desde a sua invenção até à actualidade, evidenciando as diferentes abordagens formais dependentes da cultura em causa, e do tempo em que foram desenvolvidas. Conhecidos os pressupostos do design automóvel a nível geral, é feita uma abordagem em termos de evolução estético-formal. Seguidamente, o estudo centra-se no design automóvel em Portugal, onde se destacam algumas tentativas feitas ao longo do século para que o automóvel português se tornasse uma realidade. Deve referir-se que, retirando o exemplo do Sado 550 e do UMM, que atingiram relativo sucesso na década de 70, foi na indústria de construção de autocarros que se conseguiu evoluir e criar produtos inovadores capazes de concorrer ao melhor nível com outros produtos estrangeiros. Desde os anos 30 que surgiram diversas empresas ligadas à construção de carroçarias para autocarros. Se algumas não conseguiram evitar o encerramento, outras foram evoluindo, tornando-se em empresas com grande qualidade e capacidade para inovar esteticamente. Por fim, no estudo de caso da Salvador Caetano, depois de feita a evolução histórica da marca, revela-se um processo produtivo exemplificativo. Segue-se a descrição da prática do design na empresa, fazendo uma caracterização formal dos autocarros desde os anos 50 até aos nossos dias. Para a elaboração deste trabalho, recorreu-se a alguma bibliografia existente, e ao testemunho de algumas pessoas com grande conhecimento em algumas matérias abordadas. Contudo, o trabalho reflecte uma tentativa pessoal de caracterização de episódios estéticos que foram acontecendo ao longo do tempo. Keywords Chassis, aerodynamics, car design, development, styling, tendencies of car design, race car, bus industry. abstract The present study concentrates on the subject of the history of car design in Portugal. However, it is difficult to understand this concept without knowing the variables that are behind of this practical, its world-wide evolution, since its appearance until our days. The different evolutions of car design are considered since its invention until the actuality, evidencing the different formal tendencies depending on the culture in cause, and the time where they had been developed. Taking formal concepts of car design, an overview of aesthetics is made. Then, the study focuses on car design in Portugal, namely on the attempts in the last century made for the Portuguese automobile to became a reality. However, apart from the example of Sado 550 and the UMM, that had reached relative success in the decade of 1970s; it was in the industry and construction of buses that created innovative products capable to concur at the best level with foreign products. Since 1930s, many companies involved in the construction of bodywork bus have appeared. If some soon closed, others evoluted become companies with great quality and capacity to innovate in aesthetics. Finally, the case-study of Salvador Caetano, after describing the historical evolution of the mark, the process demonstrates a productive process. The characterization of the design practice in the company is made following a formal characterization of the bus industry since the 1950s until our days. For the elaboration of this work, some existing bibliography was used, as also as interviews with people having great knowledge in the field. However, the work shows a personal attempt of characterization of aesthetic episodes that had been happening throughout the time. Índice Geral Índice Geral ..................................................................................................................1 Índice Geral de Figuras ............................................................................................4 1- Introdução.................................................................................................................10 2- Conceitos de Design Automóvel ......................................................................12 2.1- Design automóvel..............................................................................................12 2.2- Designer / Estilista.............................................................................................13 2.3- Design automóvel / Arquitectura........................................................................14 3- Abordagem Histórica do Design automóvel .................................................16 3.1- Antes da Guerra................................................................................................16 3.1.2- Produção em série.....................................................................................17 3.1.3- Criação da prática – design automóvel......................................................19 3.1.4- Streamlining nos E.U.A ……………………………………………………….20 3.1.5- Streamlining na Europa..............................................................................21 3.1.6- Desenhando o luxo ...................................................................................22 3.2- Modernos..........................................................................................................26 3.2.1- Automóvel como meio de afirmação nacional...........................................26 3.3- Anos 50..............................................................................................................31 3.3.1- Estilo barroco.............................................................................................31 3.3.2- Estilo foguete.............................................................................................32 3.3.3- Carroçaria boleada.....................................................................................34 3.3.4- Nova linha..................................................................................................35 3.3.5- Estilo clássico .... ........................................................................................36 3.3.6- Carroçaria fluída.........................................................................................36 3.4- Anos 60 .............................................................................................................37 3.4.1- Linha fluída ................................................................................................38 3.4.2- Nova linha e Funcionalidade......................................................................39 3.4.3- Linha vincada.............................................................................................40 3.5- Anos 70..............................................................................................................40 3.5.1- Em forma de cunha....................................................................................41 3.5.2- Estilo gráfico...............................................................................................42 3.5.3- Caixa vincada.............................................................................................43 3.5.4- Racionalidade............................................................................................44
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