Refugee Rights and Responsibilities in the UK
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees Local Experiences of Migration: Consulting Coventry Kim Ward © 2008, Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR) ICAR does not have a Centre view. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author. The Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR) is an independent information and research organisation based in the School of Social Science at City University, London. Address: School of Social Science City University Northampton Square London, EC1V 0HB Tel: 020 7040 4596 Fax: 020 7040 8580 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.icar.org.uk Acknowledgements The interviews for this research report were conducted by Kim Ward, Sophie Wainwright, Gareth Morrell and Jonathan Price. The ‘About Coventry’ section of this report was written by Sophie Wainwright. Dr Christopher McDowell provided academic oversight for the development of the research project and drafting of the final report. A number of individuals and organisations assisted with the recruitment of respondents and the provision of space to conduct the interviews. ICAR would like to thank the following for their assistance: Tony Milsopp, John O’Sullivan & Wendy Flynn The Workshop Jamila Quereshi Muslim Resource Centre Cavelle Lynch Osaba Women’s Centre Moira Pendlebury & Jenny Cosser Age Concern Coventry Mark Stanyer Coventry CAB John Shannon WATCH (Working Actively to Change Hillfields Ltd) Barbara Hall Welcome Project, Coventry Refugee Centre Fraser Murray Coventry City Council Simon Batten The Hope Centre Amazon initiatives Polish Community Centre SOLCOM (Somali Coventry and Warwickshire Community) Bell Green Library Willenhall Library Local Experiences of Migration: Consulting Coventry 4 Local Experiences of Migration: Consulting Coventry Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6 Background, aims and objectives .................................................................................. 8 About Coventry .............................................................................................................. 9 Coventry’s neighbourhoods ......................................................................................... 14 Method ........................................................................................................................ 15 Terminology ................................................................................................................. 18 The sample ................................................................................................................... 19 Attitudes ....................................................................................................................... 21 Information needs ....................................................................................................... 40 Improving community relations................................................................................... 45 Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................... 5151 Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 554 5 Local Experiences of Migration: Consulting Coventry Content Introduction Coventry has a long history of immigration beginning with the settlement of the Irish in the nineteenth century through to the arrival of migrants from South Asia from the 1940s onwards and the post-war migration of Poles and Afro-Caribbeans. Ongoing migration from these regions throughout the latter half of the twentieth century has resulted in a well- established black and minority ethnic population in the city. However, the nature of migration to the city has changed in recent years; a change that is due in part to the sharp increase in the number of asylum seekers in the UK towards the end of the 1990s and the arrival of accession state migrant workers as a result of EU expansion in 2004. In response to the growing number of asylum applications, which peaked at 84,130 in 2002, and the resource pressures that this put on housing and social services departments in the South East of England, the UK government established the National Asylum Support Service (NASS) in 1999 to co-ordinate and fund the dispersal of asylum seekers around the UK. Coventry was one of the cities to enter into a contract with NASS and the first asylum seekers to be dispersed to Coventry arrived in 2000. Although the council supported some asylum seekers before the introduction of dispersal, since 2000 the asylum seeker and refugee population in the city has grown significantly. Along with other urban centres such as Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham and Leeds, Coventry now hosts one of largest asylum seeker populations outside of London. Over the last three years significant numbers of migrant workers have also arrived in Coventry; mainly from Poland and the Czech Republic. The impact of these new forms of migration on local neighbourhoods and community relations is an under-researched topic and an area of work that the Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR) has focused on as part of our ‘Understanding the Stranger’ programme of work. In 2004 ICAR published a piece of research which found that local people in areas of asylum dispersal are frustrated about the lack of consultation and information about the arrival of asylum seekers. Local residents also expressed fears that the arrival of asylum seekers will place an additional strain on already over-stretched resources (D’Onofrio and Munk 2004). The main aim of this current work is to develop our knowledge and understanding of the impacts of migration at a local level by researching the experiences and opinions of established residents and new arrivals in Coventry. Attention will also be paid to the types of approaches that are most likely to have a positive impact on community relations in the city. Government engagement with the overlapping issues of migration and community relations has resulted in the development of a ‘community cohesion agenda’. The concept of community cohesion was adopted by the government as a result of the Cantle Report into the 2001 summer disturbances which occurred in a number of northern towns and cities and in 2006 the Department for Communities and Local Government launched a Commission on Integration and Cohesion to consider the reasons for, and solutions to divided communities in the UK. The main focus of government policy has been on relations within and between established white and ethnic minority communities, and especially Muslim communities, rather than more recent migrants. This is despite the finding in the Cantle report that alienation was felt to be greater amongst refugees and asylum seekers than amongst established minority ethnic communities. 6 Local Experiences of Migration: Consulting Coventry The 2005 Refugee Integration Strategy argues that integration strategies can assist the process of building cohesive communities by helping refugees become ‘full and active members’ of their communities and by demonstrating to local communities that refugees have a contribution to make. However, this recognition of the link between refugee integration and community cohesion and the increasing policy interest in Britain’s ‘new communities’, has not resulted in a targeted strategy for promoting positive relations between migrants and established groups. Approaches to the settlement of refugees and asylum seekers have focused more on how the migrant ‘integrates’ into the ‘host community’, mainly through accessing housing, health and employment, rather than on how the host community responds and adapts to newcomers. Structure This report begins with a description of the background, aims and objectives of the research and is followed by a section providing some contextual information on Coventry and the settlement of refugees and asylum seekers in the region. Information is also provided on the key neighbourhoods referred to throughout the report. Details of the research method and sample are then given before the key findings of the research are presented and discussed in four sections. The first looks at the attitudes of the host population towards refugees, asylum seekers and new migrants and the attitudes that these newcomers believe are held by the host population towards them. The following section explores the day-to-day reported experiences of refugees, asylum seekers, new migrants and the host population. Particular emphasis is placed on the nature and frequency of the contact between the different groups. Section three highlights the information needs of all three groups included in the research and the final section explores current approaches to improving community relations and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. The report concludes with an overview of the key findings of the research and provides recommendations on issues that should be borne in mind when embarking upon community relations work in asylum dispersal areas and the type of initiatives that are most likely to improve community cohesion in such areas. 7 Local Experiences of Migration: Consulting Coventry Background, aims and objectives The Welcome project This research was commissioned by the Welcome Project which was a partnership between Coventry Refugee Centre and Coventry City Council and ran for a year