Day 1: Tehran-Kermanshah Arrival at Tehran
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Muhammad Uljaytu's Conversion to Islam Key Terms
Muhammad Uljaytu’s Conversion to Islam Seyyedeh Samira Behzadi1 After the Mongols’ invasion of Iran, no one could ever imagine that the grand children of Genghis Khan would pave the context for the growth and dissemination of Islam in later periods. Genghis Khan, himself, was a shaman and his grandsons, such as Hulagu Khan and Abaqa Khan, and Abaqa Khan’s children were Buddhists. However, they always dealt with the followers of other religions and sects with respect. The court of Hulagu Khan in Iran was always frequented by the scholars of other religions. Some of the children and grandchildren of Hulagu Khan abandoned their ancestral religion because of the necessities of their time and converted to Islam or Christianity. In this regard, reference can be made to Ghazan Khan and Muhammad Uljaytu who, because of the penetration of Muslim scholars in their courts, paid attention to Islam and Shi’ism. Ghazan Khan chose the Hanafite religion but did not formally acknowledge his conversion to Shi’ism for certain political reasons. Muhammad Uljaytu, his brother, persuaded the king to follow Shi’ism more openly for several reasons including the penetration of some Muslim scholars and Shi’iteministers and rulers, such as Allamah al-Hilli, his son Fakhr ul- Muhaqqiqin, and Amir TarmTaz, in his court and their arguments as to the superiority of Shi’ism over Sunnism. Uljaytu chose the Twelver branch of Shi’ism and, at the sometime, issued the order of reading sermons in Friday prayers in the name of the Shi’ite Imams (a) and minting coins in their names. -
Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate of Iran
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi POWER, POLITICS, AND TRADITION IN THE MONGOL EMPIRE AND THE ĪlkhānaTE OF IRAN OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran MICHAEL HOPE 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 08/08/16, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6D P, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Michael Hope 2016 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2016932271 ISBN 978–0–19–876859–3 Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
8 Day S &7 Nights
8 DAY S &7 NIGHTS Itinerary Code : 8D-94-US1 TEHRAN – SHIRAZ– ISFAHAN – ABYANEH – Date of issue: 17 AUG 2015 KASHAN Valid till March 4th 2016 Itinerary Note: “B” Breakfast / “L” Lunch / “D” Dinner / “A” Airplane /“T“Train/ “-” Not included Day 1 Arrival in Tehran at 22:20 meet and greet the Tehran tour guide. Check into the hotel then rest. B/-/-/A/- Day 2 Visit Tehran including: GolestanPalace Tehran (including two palaces), Jewellery Museum, B/L/D/-/- National Museum of Iran, Glassware Museum, Bagh-e Melli, Toopkhaneh Square, Grand Bazaar of Tehran. Return to hotel then rest. Day 3 Flight to Shiraz in early morning. Arrive to Tehran-Shiraz Shiraz. Visit Shiraz including: Arg of Karim B/L/D/A/- Khan, Qavam House, Eram Garden, Tomb of (924Km) Hafez, Tomb of Saadi, ZinatolMolk House, SarayeMoshir,Vakil Bazaar, Vakil Bath, Nasir olMolk Mosque. Day 4 Visit Persepolis, Naqsh-e Rajab, Naqsh-e Shiraz Rostam, Cube of Zoroaster, Afif Abad B/L/D/-/- Garden Day 5 Transfer to Isfahan. Visit Pasargad and The Shiraz- Isfahan Cypress of Abarkuh on the way. In the B/L/D/-/- afternoon, visit Isfahan famous bridges (425Km) (Khajoo&Siose Pol) No 495, Near Salehi Alley, Niavaran Ave. Tehran. Iran Website : www.ariantourist.com Tel : (+98 21) 22724121 Email : [email protected] Fax : (+98 21) 22744969 : www.facebook.com/ariantourist1 8 DAY S &7 NIGHTS Itinerary Code : 8D-94-US1 TEHRAN – SHIRAZ– ISFAHAN – ABYANEH – Date of issue: 17 AUG 2015 KASHAN Valid till March 4th 2016 Day 6 Visit Naqsh-e-Jahan Square, Ali Qapu, Imam Isfahan Mosque, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, B/L/D/-/- HashtBehesht, ChehelSotoun and Bazaar Day 7 Transfer to Tehran. -
Phd 15.04.27 Versie 3
Promotor Prof. dr. Jan Dumolyn Vakgroep Geschiedenis Decaan Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Nederlandse vertaling: Een Spiegel voor de Sultan. Staatsideologie in de Vroeg Osmaanse Kronieken, 1300-1453 Kaftinformatie: Miniature of Sultan Orhan Gazi in conversation with the scholar Molla Alâeddin. In: the Şakayıku’n-Nu’mâniyye, by Taşköprülüzâde. Source: Topkapı Palace Museum, H1263, folio 12b. Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Hilmi Kaçar A Mirror for the Sultan State Ideology in the Early Ottoman Chronicles, 1300- 1453 Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Geschiedenis 2015 Acknowledgements This PhD thesis is a dream come true for me. Ottoman history is not only the field of my research. It became a passion. I am indebted to Prof. Dr. Jan Dumolyn, my supervisor, who has given me the opportunity to take on this extremely interesting journey. And not only that. He has also given me moral support and methodological guidance throughout the whole process. The frequent meetings to discuss the thesis were at times somewhat like a wrestling match, but they have always been inspiring and stimulating. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Suraiya Faroqhi and Prof. Dr. Jo Vansteenbergen, for their expert suggestions. My colleagues of the History Department have also been supportive by letting me share my ideas in development during research meetings at the department, lunches and visits to the pub. I would also like to sincerely thank the scholars who shared their ideas and expertise with me: Dimitris Kastritsis, Feridun Emecen, David Wrisley, Güneş Işıksel, Deborah Boucayannis, Kadir Dede, Kristof d’Hulster, Xavier Baecke and many others. -
The Mongol City of Ghazaniyya: Destruction, Spatial Reconstruction, and Preservation of the Urban Heritage1
Atri Hatef Naiemi The Mongol City of Ghazaniyya: Destruction, Spatial Reconstruction, and Preservation of the Urban Heritage1 Hülegü Khan (r. 1256-1265), a grandson of Chinggis Khan, founded the Ilkhanate in Iran in 1256 as the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. Mongol campaigns in Iran in the thirteenth century caused extensive destruction in different aspects of the Iranians’ social life and built environment. However, the political stability after the arrival of Hülegü intensified the process of urban development. Along with the reconstruction of the cities that had been extensively destroyed during the Mongol attack, the Ilkhans founded a number of new settlements. Their architectural and urban projects were mostly conducted in the northwest of present-day Iran, with some exceptions, for instance the city of Khabushan in Khurasan which was largely rebuilt by Hülegü and the notables of his court.2 In western Iran, Hülegü firstly focused his attention on the reconstruction of Baghdad, but following the designation of Azerbaijan as the headquarters of the Mongols, his urban development activities extended to this region. Maragha was chosen as the first capital of the Mongols and the most 1 This article has been adapted from a lecture presented in November 2019 at the Aga Khan Program in MIT. The research for this project has been facilitated by fellowship held with the Aga Khan program of MIT. I would like to thank Professors Nasser Rabbat and James Wescoat for their hospitality during the four months I spent at MIT in 2019. 2 In addition to Hülegü, Ghazan Khan also erected magnificent buildings in Khabushan. -
MISYZA 10D7N Wonders of Iran P44-46.Ai
PREMIUM 10D7N WONDERS OF IRAN TOUR CODE: MISYZA Explore the history of Iran through its and colourful gardens. Wander the streets and explore the ancient cities, that encapsulate much of Iran’s rich history and culture. NASIR ALMOLK MOSQUE, SHIRAZ 44 Exotic | EU Holidays HIGHLIGHTS IRAN SHIRAZ • Nasir al-Mulk Mosque • Zandieh Complex • Qavam House • Eram Gardens Tehran 1 • Karim Khan Fortress IRAN • Ancient Ruins of Persepolis (UNESCO) Kashan • Naqsh-e Rustam & Rajab 3 Yazd • Hafezieh and the Saadieh Isfahan 1 • Pasargadae Tomb of Cyrus The Great (UNESCO) Persepolis Pasargadae YAZD Flight path • Abarkooh Adobe Ice House 2 • Jameh Mosque Traverse by coach Shiraz • Amir Chakhmaq Complex Featured destinations • Water Museum • Old City with Fire Temple Overnight stays 1 2 3 • Towers of Silence ISFAHAN • Imam Square (UNESCO) • Ali Qapu Palace • • Chehel Sotoun Palace (UNESCO) DAY 1 • Bridge of 33 Arches Eram), one of the most beautiful and • Vank Cathedral HOME SHIRAZ Meals on Board monumental gardens of Iran. • Jameh Mosque of Isfahan Assemble at the airport and depart for Shiraz, • Isfahan Bazaar one of the oldest cities of ancient Persia. DAY 4 KASHAN SHIRAZ PASARGADAE YAZD • Fin garden (UNESCO) DAY 2 Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner • Tabātabāei House SHIRAZ Today, make your way to Pasargadae,the • Borujerdis House Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner ancient capital and burial site of Cyrus the • Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse Upon your arrival, begin your tour with the Great, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. TEHRAN highlights of Shiraz, the former capital of Visit the Tomb of Cyrus the Great and • Azadi Tower Iran during the Zand Dynasty. Be inspired remains of Achaemenian palaces and • Golestan Palace by the glorious Karim Khan Fortress and edifices. -
Travelling to IRAN Mehre Baran Ariana Guidance of 4 Nights Iran Tour Tour & Travel Agency Co
Travelling to IRAN Mehre Baran Ariana Guidance of 4 nights Iran tour Tour & Travel Agency Co. Ltd. 2 nights Shiraz + 1 night Isfahan + 1 night Tehran IRAN Tehran, Kish, Isfahan, Shiraz North of Iran Address : No.64 - Motahayyeri (Shahin) st - North Sohrevardi ave - Tehran- Iran Tel : (+9821) 88500999 Fax : (+9821) 88511555 – 88533555 Email: [email protected] Mehre Baran 4 nights inbound tour (Iran) TourAriana & Travel Agency Co. Ltd. 2 nights Shiraz + 1 night Isfahan + 1 night Tehran • Azadi-Tehran Choice One • Safir-Isfahan • Eram-Shiraz IRAN 3* HOTELS • Kosar-Tehran Choice Two • Aseman-Isfahan 4* HOTELS • Ario Barzan-Shiraz Tel : (+9821) 88500999 Fax : (+9821) 88511555 – 88533555 Email: [email protected] 2 ArianaMehre Baran Tour & Travel Agency Co. Ltd. 1- Accommodation of sharing twin with F/B meal 2- TKT THR-SYZ 3- 2 city tour in Isfahan & 2 city tour in Shiraz IRAN 4- English/Arab speaking tour guides in each city 5- All entrance fee 6- All transfers (private bus or car) 7- All sight seeing Tel : (+9821) 88500999 Fax : (+9821) 88511555 – 88533555 Email: [email protected] ArianaMehre Baran Tour & Travel Agency Co. Ltd. The price is for After filling individual tours. registration form Request for group and mailing us (depends on the your request, we number of PAX); will announce you normally the rate the price. IRAN will be reduced. Women have to Alcohol drinks are put in scarf and forbidden. long garments. Tel : (+9821) 88500999 Fax : (+9821) 88511555 – 88533555 Email: [email protected] Mehre Baran Itinerary -
Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian)
Coor din ates: 3 2 °N 5 3 °E Iran Irān [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known اﯾﺮان :Iran (Persian [11] [12] Islamic Republic of Iran as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/), officially the Islamic (Persian) ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران Jomhuri-ye ﺟﻤﮭﻮری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان :Republic of Iran (Persian Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen)),[13] is a sovereign state in Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān Western Asia.[14][15] With over 81 million inhabitants,[7] Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country.[16] Comprising a land area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,37 2 sq mi), it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17 th-largest in the world. Iran is Flag Emblem bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan,[a] to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the Motto: اﺳﺗﻘﻼل، آزادی، ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf ("Independence, freedom, the Islamic of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The Republic") [1] country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, (de facto) and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it Anthem: ﺳرود ﻣﻠﯽ ﺟﻣﮫوری اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﯾران geostrategic importance.[17] Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic Sorud-e Melli-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ("National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran") and cultural center. 0:00 MENU Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations,[18][19] beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. -
The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks : a Study of Their Relations, 1220-1335
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2012 The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks : a study of their relations, 1220-1335. Lauren Prezbindowski University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Prezbindowski, Lauren, "The Ilkhanid Mongols, the Christian Armenians, and the Islamic Mamluks : a study of their relations, 1220-1335." (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1152. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1152 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ILKHANID MONGOLS, THE CHRISTIAN ARMENIANS, AND THE ISLAMIC MAMLUKS: A STUDY OF THEIR RELATIONS, 1220-1335 By Lauren Prezbindowski B.A., Hanover College, 2008 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville December 2012 THE ILKHANID MONGOLS, THE CHRISTIAN ARMENIANS, AND THE ISLAMIC MAMLUKS: A STUDY OF THEIR RELATIONS, 1220-1335 By Lauren Prezbindowski B.A., Hanover College, 2008 A Thesis Approved on November 15,2012 By the following Thesis Committee: Dr. John McLeod, Thesis Director Dr. -
Maria Paleologina and the Il-Khanate of Persia. a Byzantine Princess in an Empire Between Islam and Christendom
MARIA PALEOLOGINA AND THE IL-KHANATE OF PERSIA. A BYZANTINE PRINCESS IN AN EMPIRE BETWEEN ISLAM AND CHRISTENDOM MARÍA ISABEL CABRERA RAMOS UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA SpaIN Date of receipt: 26th of January, 2016 Final date of acceptance: 12th of July, 2016 ABSTRACT In the 13th century Persia, dominated by the Mongols, a Byzantine princess, Maria Paleologina, stood out greatly in the court of Abaqa Khan, her husband. The Il-Khanate of Persia was then an empire precariously balanced between Islam, dominant in its territories and Christianity that was prevailing in its court and in the diplomatic relations. The role of Maria, a fervent Christian, was decisive in her husband’s policy and in that of any of his successors. Her figure deserves a detailed study and that is what we propose in this paper. KEYWORDS Maria Paleologina, Il-khanate of Persia, Abaqa, Michel VIII, Mongols. CapitaLIA VERBA Maria Paleologa, Ilkhanatus Persiae, Abaqa, Michael VIII, Mongoles. IMAGO TEMPORIS. MEDIUM AEVUM, XI (2017): 217-231 / ISSN 1888-3931 / DOI 10.21001/itma.2017.11.08 217 218 MARÍA ISABEL CABRERA RAMOS 1. Introduction The great expansion of Genghis Khan’s hordes to the west swept away the Islamic states and encouraged for a while the hopes of the Christian states of the East. The latter tried to ally themselves with the powerful Mongols and in this attempt they played the religion card.1 Although most of the Mongols who entered Persia, Iraq and Syria were shamanists, Nestorian Christianity exerted a strong influence among elites, especially in the court. That was why during some crucial decades for the history of the East, the Il-Khanate of Persia fluctuated between the consolidation of Christian influence and the approach to Islam, that despite the devastation brought by the Mongols in Persia,2 Iraq and Syria remained the dominant factor within the Il-khanate. -
ANCIENT and MODERN IRAN Jewels of Persia
ANCIENT AND MODERN IRAN Jewels of Persia May 05 to 22, 2022 Led by Professor Miklos Sarkozy, Historian, and Associate Professor of Iranian and Middle Eastern Studies at the Karoli University of Budapest, Hungary Can be combined with our South Caucasus tour (April 14 to May 01, 2022) Iran is home to a breathless mix of spectacular madrassas, exquisite mosques and some of the most wonderful examples of Islamic architecture in the world. Everywhere you look, the magnificence of 2,500 years of history lies all around you. Ancient Persia has been the seat of many civilizations and unique contributions in poetry, art, architecture, science and history. Many of Iran’s achievers have contributed to our modern world. Most of the coun- try’s archaeological gems are well preserved and portray a rich historical heritage. Your tour will not only explore ancient ruins and colorful cities but also exotic bazaars and old baths. Marvel at ancient monuments and beautifully tiled mosques. Stroll through medieval bazaars that remain much as they were centuries ago. Stop to visit local nomadic tribes when driving across the vast country. Your journey will take you to Yazd the center of Zoroastrian culture, to Shiraz city of poets which has had major Jewish and Christian communities and the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Isfahan, and Persepolis. Come and discover Iran, a repository of grand relics and ruins. Ihab Zaki Managing Director, Spiekermann Travel Thursday, May 05 Monday, May 09 Arrive in Tehran (IRAN) Tabriz to Zanjan Upon arrival in Tehran (depending on your flight schedule), you’ll Morning we will leave Tabriz to Zanjan, en the route we will visit be met by your guide and transfer to the hotel for check-in and the archaeological site of Takht-e-Soleiman which is situated in overnight. -
Rashid Al-Din Fadl Allah Hamedani (1247-1318/648-718) Was Vizier and Historian Or Physician? 117
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rashid al-Din Fadl allah Hamedani (1247-1318/648-718) was Vizier and Historian or Physician? 117 Mostafa Namdari Monfared1 Abstract Keshvad Siahpour2 During the Medieval Iranian history, many of courtiers were aware of Seyyed Ali Reza Golshani3 medicine. By the thirteenth and fourteenth century, under Mongol yoke, ¹Ph.D student, Department of History, a lot of minorities emancipated of Abasid Caliphate ties and could per- Faculty of Literature and Humanities, form his religious deed. Because of his jewish affiliation, Rashid Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2Assistant Professor, Department of His- al-Din could join as an apothecary in the Mongolian circles. Large tory, Faculty of Literature and Humanity, though Mongol numbers were, they employed Iranian sages to manage Yasuj University, Yasuj, Iran of bureaucratic affairs. First thing first, his position culminated when he 3MA, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shi- acquired title of special medic and proved his competency. Under Gha- raz University of Medical Sciences; De- zan reign, he gained bureaucratic occupations gradually. A part from his partment of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shi- historical work,Jame al-tawarikh, Rashid al-Din wrote some treatises in raz, Iran medical science, music, agriculture and astronomy. Eventually, during Correspondence: the last Ilkhanid king, Abu said, he was blamed for death of öljeytü Seyyed Ali Reza Golshani to wrong prescription. In this study, the investigator tries to survey of Research Office for the History of Per- Rashid al-Din endeavors and contributions on medicine and introduce sian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; his works by using descriptive- analytical method.