DOCSLIB.ORG

Vorlesung: Spezielle Zoologie WS 2018/2019 Modul : Zoologische Systematik Und Artenkenntnis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vorlesung: Spezielle Zoologie WS 2018/2019 Modul : Zoologische Systematik Und Artenkenntnis Vorlesung: Spezielle Zoologie WS 2018/2019 Modul : Zoologische Systematik und Artenkenntnis Cnidaria Dr. Wolfgang Jakob ITZ, Ecology & Evolution Bünteweg 17d D-30559 Hannover Phone: +49 511-953 8481 Email: [email protected] Protostomier Bilateria Deuterostomier (Triploblasten, Campbell 1997 höhere Tiere) Cnidaria Nesseltiere Diploblasten Placozoa Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) ca. 11.200 Arten Anemone, (Anthozoa) Ohrenqualle, (Scyphozoa) Portugiesische Galeere, (Staatsqualle) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) “Kunstformen der Natur” Ernst Haeckel 1879 2300km x 20-300km “Die Erdbevölkerung paßt 1.750.000 x in das Great Barrier Reef” Edgar O. Wilson, New Haven, Okt. 2007 Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Äußere Systematik: Reich: Metazoa (Vielzelligen Tiere) Überabteilung: Diploblasten (Zweikeimblättrige) Abteilung: Eumetazoa (Gewebetiere ) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nessel- oder Blumentiere) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Innere Systematik: 1. Klasse: Anthozoa (Blumentiere), ca. 7.500 Arten 1. Unterklasse: Hexacorallia (sechsstrahlig) 2. Unterklasse: Octocorallia (achtstrahlig) 2. Klasse: Scyphozoa (Schirmquallen), ca. 200 Arten 3. Klasse: Cubozoa (Würfelquallen), ca. 50 Arten 4. Klasse: Hydrozoa (Hydrozoen), ca. 3.500 Arten 1. Unterklasse: Trachylinae 2. Unterklasse: Hydroidolina Ordnung: Leptothecata Ordnung: Anthoathecata Ordnung: Siphonophorae (Staatsquallen) 3. Unterklasse: Stauromedusae (Becherquallen) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) - > 11.000 marine Arten, wenige limnisch - “Eumetazoa” - meist kolonial - Polypen- und Medusenform - Metagenese - Keine echten Organe - diffuses NS - Aboral-Oral-Achse, radiärsymmetrisch - Diploblastisch Entoderm (Gastrodermis) Ektoderm (Epidermis) Mesogloea - Gastrovaskularsystem - Epithelmuskelzellen & Interstitielle Zellen Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Innere Systematik: Meduse (Qualle) Polyp ABORAL ORAL Hypostom Manubrium ORAL vegetative ABORAL bisexuelle Fortpflanzung vegetative Fortpflanzung vegetative Fortpflanzung Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Die Fortpflanzungsmodi der Cnidaria Polyp & Meduse Benthischer Polyp geht aus der sexuellen Pelagische Meduse entsteht durch Körperachsen- Fortpflanzung der Medusen hervor. umkehr vegetativ aus dem Polypen. Tentakel Mund/Anus Tentakel Mund/Anus Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Innere Systematik: 1. Klasse: Anthozoa (Blumentiere) Nur Polypen 2. Klasse: Scyphozoa (Schirmquallen) Polypen & Quallen (dominant) Strobilation 3. Klasse: Cubozoa (Würfelquallen) Polypen & Quallen Metamorphose 4. Klasse: Hydrozoa (Hydrozoen) Polypen (&) Quallen Knospung Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Knospung Hydrozoa Tesserazoa 3500 spp. Metamorphose Cubozoa 50 ssp. Strobilation Scyphozoa ~11,200 spp. 200 spp. überwiegend marin ~ 650 - 1000mya Anthozoa 7500 spp. Hirnkorallen Steinkorallen Seeanemonen Weichkorallen Seefächer Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Polyp Morphologie: ORAL ABORAL Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Meduse Morphologie: ABORAL ORAL Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Histologie: (Zur Regeneration verbrauchter oder abgestorbener Zellen) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Nesselzellen (Nematocyten) Stilett Bildung aus interstitiellen Zellen (I-Zellen) • Volventen (Wickelkapseln) • Glutinanten (Klebekapseln) • Penetranten (Durchschlagskapseln) Cnidocil Ausstoß nach mech. oder chem. Reiz am Cnidocil: Kapseldeckel Nesselkapsel (Nematocyste) Bis 19m/sec. Ausstoßgeschwindigkeit Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Eleutheria dichotoma (Hydrozoa) Metagenetischer Lebenszyklus vegetative bisexuelle Fortpflanzung vegetative Fortpflanzung vegetative Fortpflanzung Meduse Polyp Metagenese Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Eleutheria-Medusen-(Knospen): Vegetative Vermehrung der Medusengeneration Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Metagenese bei Obelia bidentata Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Scyphozoa Metagenese bei Aurelia aurita (Ohrenqualle) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Vorteile der ungeschlechtliche Vorteile der sexuellen Vermehrung Vermehrung versus Keine Genomverdünnung Sex “finds the ruby in the rubbish“ Guter Genotyp bleibt erhalten Unabhängige, vorteilhafte Mutationen finden schneller zu einander Partnersuche entfällt Verpaarung (Spermien, Manipulation, Kopulationsmechanismen, Bewachung, Mortalitätsrisiko, sexuelle Selektion) Tangled Bank - Genetisch vielfältige Nachkommenschaft - Hohe ökologische Plastizät Effizienz - Eroberung neuer Lebensräume - Maximale Reproduktionsrate - Artbildung - Hohe energetische Effizienz Koloniebildung mit Arbeitsteilung Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Wie wird ein Körperbauplan genetisch determiniert? Hox-system • geclustert auf dem selben Chromosom • die Reihenfolge der Gene auf dem Chromosom korreliert mit dem Ort der Expression Räumliche Kolliniarität • in Vertebraten zusätzlich eine Aktivierung von 3‘ nach 5‘ Richtung Zeitliche Kolliniarität Modifiziert nach Alberts et al., 2002, Garcia-Fernandez 2005 Homeotische Mutationen Proboscibedia Mutationen transformieren Ubx Mutationen transformieren Kopfteile in Beine Die Segment-Identität Labium in Beine Kiefer-Palpen plus Labium in Beine Distales Labium in Beine Milchkraut- wanze Hughes & Kaufman (2002) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) From “{ }” to “oral” to “anterior”? Bauplan-Diversität in Korrelation zur Anzahl der Hox-Gene Diploblasten Triploblasten Placozoa Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelm. Arthropoda Chordata Hauptkörper- Achse: {} 0 {} oral-aboral, 1 a-p, 3 a-p, 3 a-p, 3 Hox/ParaHox Gene: 1 ? 5 10 12 45 Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Cnox-1 Expression in Eleutheria dichotoma: Meduse: + ; distinkte, ektodermale Expression als oraler Ring I-----------------------I 200 µm Antisense; Fluoreszenz-Mikroskop Licht-Mikroskop Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Cnox-1 Expression in Eleutheria dichotoma: Meduse: + ; distinkte, ektodermale Expression im oralen Nesselring I------------------------I 200 µm Antisense; Fluoreszenz Mikroskop Querschnitt Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Cnox-1-Inhibition Zwerg-Tentakel • Doppelte Tentakel • Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Cnox-3-Inhibition Cnox-3 Antisense FITC-markiert Cnox-3 Antisense NBT/X-Phos.-Färbung Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), Hydrozoa Cnox-5-Inhibition Normal Phänotyp Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Innere Systematik: 1. Klasse: Anthozoa (Blumentiere), ca. 7.500 Arten 1. Unterklasse: Hexacorallia (sechsstrahlig) 2. Unterklasse: Octocorallia (achtstrahlig) 2. Klasse: Scyphozoa (Schirmquallen), ca. 200 Arten 3. Klasse: Cubozoa (Würfelquallen), ca. 50 Arten 4. Klasse: Hydrozoa (Hydrozoen), ca. 3.500 Arten 1. Unterklasse: Trachylinae 2. Unterklasse: Hydroidolina Ordnung: Leptothecata Ordnung: Anthoathecata Ordnung: Siphonophorae (Staatsquallen) 3. Unterklasse: Stauromedusae (Becherquallen) Anthozoa Hexacorallia, Octacorallia >7.500 species - meist kolonial - Riffbilder (Great Barrier Reef) - 200C Isochryme - Aragonit (CaCO3) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), 1. Klasse Blumentiere (Anthozoa) 1. Unterklasse: Hexacorallia (sechsstrahlig) ca. 4.500 Arten Ordnung: Steinkorallen (Scleractinia) Bahamas Bermuda Malediven Steinkorallen im Great Barrier Reef Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), 1. Klasse Blumentiere (Anthozoa) Steinkoralle (Scleractinia) Bildung von mächtigen Knollen, Fächern, Pilzen oder Geweihen Polyp Kalkseptum Gastralraum Korallit (Korallen- kelch) Tabula Altkelch Calcium Hydrogencarbonat Calciumcarbonat Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), 1. Klasse Blumentiere (Anthozoa) 1. Unterklasse: Hexacorallia (sechsstrahlig) Große Mittelmeer-Zylinderrose, Ceriantharia membranaceus Diploria labyrinthiformis, Hirnkoralle - ausschließlich solitär lebende Vertreter - Symbiose mit Zooxanthellen - helle Orte - nur geschlechtlich FP - Kolonien mit mehreren m Durchmesser - tropischen & gemäßigte Meere in 1 - 50m Tiefe Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), 1. Klasse Blumentiere (Anthozoa) 1. Unterklasse: Hexacorallia (sechsstrahlig) Ordnung: See-, Krusten & Scheibenanemonen Grüne Riesenanemone, Anthopleura xanthogrammica Seeanemone - Symbiose mit Zooxanthellen & Zoochlorellen (Grünalgen) - Symbiose mit Anemonenfische (Amphiprion) - größte Seeanemone Ø bis 25 cm, Körperhöhe bis 25 cm - Gegenseitiger Schutz vor Fressfeinden Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), 1. Klasse Blumentiere (Anthozoa) 2. Unterklasse: Octocorallia (achtstrahlige Symmetrie des Einzelpolypen) ca. 3.000 Arten Weich- (Alcyonacea) Leder- (Alcyoniidae) Röhren- (Stolonifera) oder Hornkorallen Gorgonien (Gorgonacea) Seefächer oder Seefedern (Pennatulacea) Virgularia spec., Purpurseefeder - streng symmetrisch angeordnete Polypenkolonie Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), 1. Klasse Blumentiere (Anthozoa) 2. Unterklasse: Octocorallia (achtstrahlige Symmetrie des Einzelpolypen) 125 Jahre alt Bäumchen-Weichkoralle (Nephtheidae) Fächerförmige Gorgonie (Scleraxonia) - Indopazifik & Rotes Meer - in allen Weltmeeren vom Flachwasser bis Tiefsee - Symbiotischen Algen (Zooxanthellen) - Skelletbildung mittels Gorgonin Jahresringe - kein festes Kalkskelett, sondern kleine Kalknadeln (Sklerite) hornartiges Skleroprotein Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere) Innere Systematik: 1. Klasse: Anthozoa (Blumentiere), ca. 7.500 Arten 1. Unterklasse: Hexacorallia (sechsstrahlig) 2. Unterklasse: Octocorallia (achtstrahlig) 2. Klasse: Scyphozoa (Schirmquallen), ca. 200 Arten 3. Klasse: Cubozoa (Würfelquallen), ca. 50 Arten 4. Klasse: Hydrozoa (Hydrozoen), ca. 3.500 Arten 1. Unterklasse: Trachylinae 2. Unterklasse: Hydroidolina Ordnung: Leptothecata Ordnung: Anthoathecata Ordnung: Siphonophorae (Staatsquallen) 3. Unterklasse: Stauromedusae (Becherquallen) Stamm: Cnidaria (Nesseltiere), 2. Klasse Schirmquallen (Scyphozoa) ca. 200
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity and Community Structure of Pelagic Cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, Southeast Asian Tropical Marginal Seas
    Deep-Sea Research I 100 (2015) 54–63 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Deep-Sea Research I journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dsri Diversity and community structure of pelagic cnidarians in the Celebes and Sulu Seas, southeast Asian tropical marginal seas Mary M. Grossmann a,n, Jun Nishikawa b, Dhugal J. Lindsay c a Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Tancha 1919-1, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan b Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-8610, Japan c Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan article info abstract Article history: The Sulu Sea is a semi-isolated, marginal basin surrounded by high sills that greatly reduce water inflow Received 13 September 2014 at mesopelagic depths. For this reason, the entire water column below 400 m is stable and homogeneous Received in revised form with respect to salinity (ca. 34.00) and temperature (ca. 10 1C). The neighbouring Celebes Sea is more 19 January 2015 open, and highly influenced by Pacific waters at comparable depths. The abundance, diversity, and Accepted 1 February 2015 community structure of pelagic cnidarians was investigated in both seas in February 2000. Cnidarian Available online 19 February 2015 abundance was similar in both sampling locations, but species diversity was lower in the Sulu Sea, Keywords: especially at mesopelagic depths. At the surface, the cnidarian community was similar in both Tropical marginal seas, but, at depth, community structure was dependent first on sampling location Marginal sea and then on depth within each Sea. Cnidarians showed different patterns of dominance at the two Sill sampling locations, with Sulu Sea communities often dominated by species that are rare elsewhere in Pelagic cnidarians fi Community structure the Indo-Paci c.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article 428.4KB .Pdf File
    Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 355–363 (2012) ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria Some hydroids (Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina) from Dampier, Western Australia: annotated list with description of two new species. JEANETTE E. WATSON Honorary Research Associate, Marine Biology, Museum Victoria, PO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3001. ([email protected]) Abstract Jeanette E. Watson, 2012. Some hydroids (Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina) from Dampier, Western Australia: annotated list with description of two new species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 355–363. Eleven species of hydroids including two new (Halecium corpulatum and Plumularia fragilia) from a depth of 50 m, 50 km north of Dampier, Western Australia are reported. The tropical hydroid fauna of Western Australia is poorly known; species recorded here show strong affinity with the Indonesian and Indo–Pacific region. Keywords Hydroids, tropical species, Dampier, Western Australia Introduction Sertolaria racemosa Cavolini, 1785: 160, pl. 6, figs 1–7, 14–15 Sertularia racemosa. – Gmelin, 1791: 3854 A collection of hydroids provided by the Western Australian Eudendrium racemosum.– Ehrenberg, 1834: 296.– von Museum is described. The collection comprises 11 species Lendenfeld, 1885: 351, 353.– Millard and Bouillon, 1973: 33.– Watson, including two new. Material was collected 50 km north of 1985: 204, figs 63–67 Dampier, Western Australia, from the gas production platform Material examined. WAM Z31857, material ethanol preserved. Four Ocean Legend (019° 42' 18.04" S, 118° 42' 26.44" E). The infertile colonies, the tallest 40 mm long, on purple sponge. collection was made from a depth of 50 m by commercial divers on 4th August, 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Understanding the Phylogenetic History of Hydrozoa: Hypothesis Testing with 18S Gene Sequence Data*
    SCI. MAR., 64 (Supl. 1): 5-22 SCIENTIA MARINA 2000 TRENDS IN HYDROZOAN BIOLOGY - IV. C.E. MILLS, F. BOERO, A. MIGOTTO and J.M. GILI (eds.) Towards understanding the phylogenetic history of Hydrozoa: Hypothesis testing with 18S gene sequence data* A. G. COLLINS Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA SUMMARY: Although systematic treatments of Hydrozoa have been notoriously difficult, a great deal of useful informa- tion on morphologies and life histories has steadily accumulated. From the assimilation of this information, numerous hypotheses of the phylogenetic relationships of the major groups of Hydrozoa have been offered. Here I evaluate these hypotheses using the complete sequence of the 18S gene for 35 hydrozoan species. New 18S sequences for 31 hydrozoans, 6 scyphozoans, one cubozoan, and one anthozoan are reported. Parsimony analyses of two datasets that include the new 18S sequences are used to assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of a list of phylogenetic hypotheses that deal with Hydro- zoa. Alternative measures of tree optimality, minimum evolution and maximum likelihood, are used to evaluate the relia- bility of the parsimony analyses. Hydrozoa appears to be composed of two clades, herein called Trachylina and Hydroidolina. Trachylina consists of Limnomedusae, Narcomedusae, and Trachymedusae. Narcomedusae is not likely to be the basal group of Trachylina, but is instead derived directly from within Trachymedusae. This implies the secondary gain of a polyp stage. Hydroidolina consists of Capitata, Filifera, Hydridae, Leptomedusae, and Siphonophora. “Anthomedusae” may not form a monophyletic grouping. However, the relationships among the hydroidolinan groups are difficult to resolve with the present set of data.
    [Show full text]
  • BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010
    BIO 221 Invertebrate Zoology I Spring 2010 Stephen M. Shuster Northern Arizona University http://www4.nau.edu/isopod Lecture 10 From Collins et al. 2006 From Collins et al. 2006 1 Cnidarian Classes Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Medusozoa Cubozoa Stauromedusae Anthozoa Class Hydrozoa 1.Includes over 2,700 species, many freshwater. 2. Generally thought to be most ancestral, but recent DNA evidence suggests this may not be so. Class Hydrozoa Trachyline Hydrozoa seem most ancestral – within the Hydrozoa. 1. seem to have mainly medusoid life stage 2. character (1): assumption of metagenesis 2 Class Hydrozoa Trachyline Hydrozoa seem most ancestral. 1. seem to have mainly medusoid life stage 2. character (1): assumption of metagenesis Class Hydrozoa Other autapomorphies (see lab manual): i. 4 rayed symmetry. ii. ectodermal gonads iii. medusae with velum. iv. no gastric septa v. external skeleton if present. vi. no stomadaeum vii. freshwater or marine habitats. Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 1. Order Trachylina - reduced polyps, probably polyphyletic . Voragonema pedunculata, collected by submersible at about 2700' deep in the Bahamas. 3 Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 2. Order Hydroida - the "seaweeds.“ a. Suborder Anthomedusae - also Athecata, Aplanulata, Capitata. b. Suborder Leptomedusae - also Thecata Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 3. Order Miliporina - fire corals. 4. Order Stylasterina - similar to fire corals; hold medusae. 4 Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 5. Order Siphonophora - floating colonies of polyps and medusae. Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 6. Order Chondrophora - floating colonies of polyps Class Hydrozoa - 7 Orders 7. Order Actinulida (Aplanulata)- solitary polyps, no medusae, no planulae 5 Order Trachylina Trachymedusae includes Lirope a. resemble the medusae of Gonionemus, 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits
    Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits Ehsan Kayal1,2, Bastian Bentlage1,3, M. Sabrina Pankey5, Aki H. Ohdera4, Monica Medina4, David C. Plachetzki5*, Allen G. Collins1,6, Joseph F. Ryan7,8* Authors Institutions: 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2. UPMC, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France 3. Marine Laboratory, university of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA 4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 5. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 6. National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 7. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA 8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3172v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Aug 2017, publ: 21 Aug 20171 Abstract Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. Results: Here we describe a well-supported hypothesis for cnidarian phylogeny based on phylogenomic analyses of new and existing genome scale data that includes representatives of all cnidarian classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
    Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of Stylasterid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata: Stylasteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Author(S): Stephen D
    New Species of Stylasterid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata: Stylasteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Author(s): Stephen D. Cairns Source: Pacific Science, 71(1):77-81. Published By: University of Hawai'i Press DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/71.1.7 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2984/71.1.7 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. New Species of Stylasterid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata: Stylasteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands1 Stephen D. Cairns 2 Abstract: A new species of Crypthelia, C. kelleyi, is described from a seamount in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, making it the fifth species of stylasterid known from the Hawaiian Islands. Collected at 2,116 m, it is the fourth-deepest stylasterid species known. Once thought to be absent from Hawai- materials and methods ian waters (Boschma 1959), four stylasterid species have been reported from this archi- The specimen was collected on the Okeanos pelago, primarily on seamounts and off small Explorer expedition to the Northwestern islands in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian Islands, which took place in August at depths of 293 – 583 m (Cairns 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • The First Record of Bougainvillia Principis (Steenstrup, 1850) (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) from the White Sea
    Invertebrate Zoology, 2018, 15(4): 333–339 © INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, 2018 The first record of Bougainvillia principis (Steenstrup, 1850) (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) from the White Sea A.A. Prudkovsky1, T.V. Neretina2,3 1 Dept. Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1–12, 119991 Moscow, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonos- ov, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia. 3 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia. ABSTRACT: Hydroids are common components of fouling communities in the sea, but they are often inconspicuous and easily overlooked. In such cases, the appearance of their medusae in plankton is an obvious indicator of the species’ presence in a locality. In this study, we present the first record of medusae Bougainvillia principis from the White Sea. We hypothesize that hydroids of the species B. principis inhabit the White Sea, as well, but they do not usually produce medusae and consequently the species does not exhibit sexual reproduction in the White Sea. How to cite this article: Prudkovsky A.A., Neretina T.V. 2018. The first record of Bougainvillia principis (Steenstrup, 1850) (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) from the White Sea // Invert. Zool. Vol.15. No.4. P. 333–339. doi: 10.15298/invertzool.15.4.02 KEY WORDS: Bougainvillia principis, medusa, first report, White Sea. Первая находка медузы Bougainvillia principis (Steenstrup, 1850) (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) в Белом море А.A. Прудковский1, Т.В. Неретина2,3 1 Кафедра зоологии беспозвоночных, Биологический факультет МГУ имени М.В.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Genbank (Table S1)
    water Article Integrated Taxonomy for Halistemma Species from the Northwest Pacific Ocean Nayeon Park 1 , Andrey A. Prudkovsky 2,* and Wonchoel Lee 1,* 1 Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.A.P.); [email protected] (W.L.) Received: 16 October 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 22 November 2020 Abstract: During a survey of the siphonophore community in the Kuroshio Extension, Northwest Pacific Ocean, a new Halistemma Huxley, 1859 was described using integrated molecular and morphological approaches. The Halistemma isabu sp. nov. nectophore is most closely related morphologically to H. striata Totton, 1965 and H. maculatum Pugh and Baxter, 2014. These species can be differentiated by their nectosac shape, thrust block size, ectodermal cell patches and ridge patterns. The new species’ bracts are divided into two distinct types according to the number of teeth. Type A bracts are more closely related to ventral bracts in H. foliacea (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833) while Type B bracts are more similar to H. rubrum (Vogt, 1852). Each type differs, however, from the proximal end shape, distal process and bracteal canal. Both of the new species’ morphological type and phylogenetic position within the genus Halistemma are supported by phylogenetic analysis of concatenated DNA dataset (mtCOI, 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA). Integrated morphological and molecular approaches to the taxonomy of siphonophores showed a clear delimitation of the new species from the congeners. Halistemma isabu sp. nov. is distributed with the congeners H.
    [Show full text]
  • Midwater Data Sheet
    MIDWATER TRAWL DATA SHEET RESEARCH VESSEL__________________________________(1/20/2013Version*) CLASS__________________;DATE_____________;NAME:_________________________; DEVICE DETAILS___________ LOCATION (OVERBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG___________________________ LOCATION (AT DEPTH): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ LOCATION (START UP): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ LOCATION (ONBOARD): LAT_______________________; LONG______________________________ BOTTOM DEPTH_________; DEPTH OF SAMPLE:____________; DURATION OF TRAWL___________; TIME: IN_________AT DEPTH________START UP__________SURFACE_________ SHIP SPEED__________; WEATHER__________________; SEA STATE_________________; AIR TEMP______________ SURFACE TEMP__________; PHYS. OCE. NOTES______________________; NOTES_____________________________ INVERTEBRATES Lensia hostile_______________________ PHYLUM RADIOLARIA Lensia havock______________________ Family Tuscaroridae “Round yellow ones”___ Family Hippopodiidae Vogtia sp.___________________________ PHYLUM CTENOPHORA Family Prayidae Subfamily Nectopyramidinae Class Nuda "Pointed siphonophores"________________ Order Beroida Nectadamas sp._______________________ Family Beroidae Nectopyramis sp.______________________ Beroe abyssicola_____________________ Family Prayidae Beroe forskalii________________________ Subfamily Prayinae Beroe cucumis _______________________ Craseoa lathetica_____________________ Class Tentaculata Desmophyes annectens_________________ Subclass
    [Show full text]
  • Teissiera Polypofera: First Record of the Genus Teissiera (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata) in the Atlantic Ocean
    An Acad Bras Cienc (2021) 93(3): e20191437 DOI 10.1590/0001-3765202120191437 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Printed ISSN 0001-3765 I Online ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal ECOSYSTEMS Teissiera polypofera: first record Running title: FIRST RECORD OF of the genus Teissiera (Hydrozoa: Teissiera polypofera IN ATLANTIC OCEAN Anthoathecata) in the Atlantic Ocean Academy Section: ECOSYSTEMS EVERTON G. TOSETTO, SIGRID NEUMANN-LEITÃO, ARNAUD BERTRAND & MIODELI NOGUEIRA-JÚNIOR e20191437 Abstract: Specimens of Teissiera polypofera Xu, Huang & Chen, 1991 were found in waters off the northeast Brazilian coast between 8.858°S, 34.809°W and 9.005°S, 34.805°W and 93 56 to 717 m depth. The genus can be distinguished from other anthomedusae by the (3) two opposite tentacles with cnidophores and four exumbrellar cnidocyst pouches with 93(3) ocelli. Specimens were assigned to Teissiera polypofera due to the long and narrow manubrium transposing bell opening and polyp buds with medusoid buds on it, issuing DOI from the base of manubrium. This study represents the first record of the genus in the 10.1590/0001-3765202120191437 Atlantic Ocean. Key words: Jellyfish, cnidaria, taxonomy, biodiversity. INTRODUCTION four or none pouches and two, four or none marginal tentacles (Bouillon et al. 2004, 2006). The presence of stinging pedicellate and Distinction between Teissieridae and contractile cnidocysts buttons on marginal Zancleidae was primarily based on morphology tentacles, named cnidophores, is a distinctive of the clearly distinct hydroid stages. The character among Anthoathecata hydromedusae former with polymorphic colony and incrusting (Bouillon et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Hydrozoans (Cnidaria), Excluding Stylasteridae, from the Emperor Seamounts, Western North Pacific Ocean
    Zootaxa 4950 (2): 201–247 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4950.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AD59B8E8-FA00-41AD-8AC5-E61EEAEEB2B1 Report on hydrozoans (Cnidaria), excluding Stylasteridae, from the Emperor Seamounts, western North Pacific Ocean DALE R. CALDER1,2* & LES WATLING3 1Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6. 2Research Associate, Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 9W2. 3School of Life Sciences, 216 Edmondson Hall, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168. *Corresponding author. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-8763. Table of contents Abstract .................................................................................................202 Introduction .............................................................................................202 Materials and methods .....................................................................................203 Results .................................................................................................204 Systematic Account ........................................................................................204 Phylum Cnidaria Verrill, 1865 ...............................................................................204
    [Show full text]