9L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ★ + JOURNAL * * While we’ve never seen the statistics, we’ll wager fast in your room, it quietly appears (with a flower and there’s no home in the country staffed with such reti¬ the morning paper on the tray). If you crave in-season nues of valets and butlers, chefs and secretaries, maids or out-of-season delicacies, you'll find them in any of and men servants, as our hotel. That’s why we say the our restaurants. Prepared with finesse and served with New Yorker is "no place like home" — purposely. We finesse.Youmayhaveyour railroad or air-line ortheatre know that everyone secretly longs for and enjoys the tickets ordered for you and brought to you. You may luxury of perfect hotel service. And you have your shirts and suits speeded back know it is yours at the New Yorker, with¬ from laundry or valet, with buttons sewed out luxurious cost. • It is unobtrusive ser¬ 25^0 reduction on and rips miraculously mended.You may vice, too, that never gets on your nerves. to diplomatic and have all this service by scarcely lifting a fin¬ Everyone—from the doorman to the man¬ consular service ger. • You will find the Hotel New Yorker NOTE: the special rate ager—is always friendly, always helpful— reduction applies only conveniently located, its staff pleasantly at¬ to rooms on which the but never effusive. If you want a lazy break¬ rate is $4 a day or more. tentive, and your bill surprisingly modest.
HOTEL NEW YORKER 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY Directed by National Hotel Management Company, Inc. • Ralph Hitz, President
OTHER HOTELS UNDER SAME DIRECTION: HOTEL LEXINGTON, NEW YORK • NETHERLAND PLAZA, CINCINNATI • BOOK-CADILLAC, DETROIT • THE ADOLPHUS, DALLAS • HOTEL VAN CLEVE, DAYTON JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL
CONTENTS PAGE THE NATIONAL FOREIGN TRADE CONVENTION By James J. Murphy, Jr 633
PROCRESS OF SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES By Henry S. Villard 636
SIR HENRY MORGAN—Portrait 638
PIRATES’ DOOM By William W. Corcoran 639
EMBASSY DAYS By Miss Emily Bax 643
THE PRESIDENT’S GREETINGS 646
THE SECRETARY’S GREETINGS 647
NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT 649
I RETURN .FOR Two MONTHS WORLD SERVICE By Elma P. Laurvik 650
NEWS FROM THE FIELD 652 for TRAVELERS
The American Express Travel Service scene above is CHRISTMAS IN SCANDINAVIA—Verse 653 typical. It begins when the Company’s uniformed in¬ terpreter meets travelers at foreign railroad terminals, FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 656 and continues with— All details incidental to foreign travel... VISITING OFFICERS 659 Foreign financial accommodations . . . The shipment of merchandise and valuables . . . Marine Insurance . . . Customs Clear¬ ON THE COURSE OF EVENTS ances . . . Mail, Cable and Wireless By Henry L. Deimel, Jr 660 servica Traveling Americans seek help, advice and informa¬ MARRIAGES, BIRTHS 662 tion from the American government representatives in cities abroad. In many of these foreign cities are American Express offices equipped to take over the IN MEMORIAM 662 business of serving such Americans in their travel, for¬ eign financial and shipping requirements, and in gen¬ TEN YEARS AGO 666 eral to give them the assistance and information so important to traveling Americans. Because of their strategic locations and because of the ABRAHAM EINCOLN SANMARINESE 670 wide variety of services they are able to perform, the American Express offices can be of assistance to those THOUGHTS ON DIPLOMACY 671 who are attending to our government’s activities in for¬ eign lands. TRAVEL, FINANCIAL, SHIPPING SERVICE WHAT TO DO? : 672 GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS 678 AMERICAN SPORT AT RIO By the Honorable Hugh Gibson 679 EXPRESS LETTERS 684 629 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
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NEW YORK—SO. AMERICA Weekly between New York and West Coast South American ports. Short¬ est and fastest route between New York and Buenos Aires (via Valparaiso and across the Andes by train or Pan American-Grace Airways). EUROPE—SO. AMERICA Via NEW YORK f Through tickets at no extra cost. SO. AMERICA—CALIFORNIA Weekly between West Coast South American ports and West Coast Cen¬ tral America, Mexico and California. NEW YORK—CALIFORNIA 17 DAYS OF RARE ADVENTURE AND LUXURY—on the newest, fastest liners; opportunity for visits to the capitals of El Salva¬ V dor and Guatemala; excursions ashore in Havana, (easibound), Cartagena, Barranquilla, Panama Canal Zone and Mexico. 'ItAd Offices: New York, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Havana, all West Coast South American Countries, London, Hamburg and Paris.
ft AUTOGIRO SPELLS DEATH TO INSECT MENANCE Recent official tests the ability of the have shown the effi¬ autogiro to fly slow¬ ciency of the Auto¬ ly and safely, with giro for spraying uniform distribution A GENERAL oil on mos¬ of insecticides A COMMANDER of forces who finds that quito breed¬ over inacces¬ all the forces necessary for his physical comfort and social satisfaction are his to command for his stay ing marshes, sible localities at The Willard “The Residence of Presidents,” at lowered Two Blocks from the White House, Near and distrib¬ Theatres, Public Buildings, and Historic uting oil or dust on cost. For informa¬ Points. . . World renowned Cuisine. crops or trees for tion concerning our Single Rooms with Bath S-t up Double Rooms with Bath $6 up insect control. unique service 25% Discount on Room Charges to Members of the United States Foreign Service. Observers marvel at please apply to— Popular Priced Coffee Shop N /''7 v/ Write for Illustrated Booklet and Rates SALES and WILLARD HOTEL SERVICE, Inc. 14th and Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D. C. RooseveltGIRO Field Garden City, N. Y. H. P. SOMERVILLE, Managing Director : - (This space courtesy of Carl M. J. von~ —Zielinski j 99 Wall Street, Mete York.)— 630 To ^Patronize Our oAdvertisers Is to Insure a ‘Bigger and Better Journal for Our Service.
INDEX OF ADVERTISERS American Express Company _ 629 American Security and Trust Company- 657 Bacardi 682 Baltimore Mail Line 677 Brewood (Engravers) 658 Cathay Hotel—Shanghai 682 ChoiseuI, Hotel de France et—Paris 682 Continental Hotel—Paris - 682 Dunapalota Hotel—Budapest 683 Federal Storage Company 666 1935 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co 632 Giro Sales & Service, Inc 630 Goodyear Tire and Rubber Export Company 661 Grace, W. R.. and Company 630 PHILCO Harris and Ewing _ 658 A REAL RADIO Hungaria Hotel—Budapest 683 Kressmann, Ed., & Co. . — 682 Natural tone from the Broadcasting Studios Martinique Hotel 665 in your own vicinity or in a far off land, is Mayflower Hotel 662 yours by just the turn of the almost magic Merchants Transfer and Storage Company 668 dial—hear every program at its best with Metropole Hotel Shanghai 682 Philco. Middleton, Mrs. Lewis 679 The Philco leadership held throughout the Munson Steamship Lines . 665 years by the combination of the greatest engi¬ neering staff in radio, together with a produc¬ National Geographic Magazine - 659 tion schedule that gives you the finest in both New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. 675 reception and quality of workmanship at a New Yorker Hotel .... II Cover minimum cost. Pagani’s Restaurant—London 682 There are 55 magnificent models to meet the Palace A mhassadettrs Hotel—Rome 683 taste of the most discriminating buyer—a Pan-American Airways, Inc _ - 675 Philco for every- purse and purpose. Park Lane Hotel—London 682 Ever>r type and size of radio—AC, DC, AC- Philco Radio Company 631 DC, battery and 32 volt. The model 28C Plaza Hotel 671 illustrated incorporates the following features: Powhatan Hotel . 658 Wave range 530 to 1720 kilocycles and 4.13 Ritz Hotel—Mexico City : 683 to 13 megacycles—23-73 meters and 175 to Rockefeller Center III Cover 565 meters. Sapp, Earle W., C.L.U 675 Universal AC, DC, for 110 or 220 volts AC-DC Savoy-Plaza Hotel ... 671 Pentode Audio-System Sea Captains’ Shop—Shanghai 682 Bass Compensation Security Storage Company of Washington ..... 657 Automatic Volume Control Three Point Tone Control Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc 673 Full Rubber Floated Chassis Strasbourg, Restaurant Brasserie de—Marseilles 682 6 Philco high-efficiency tubes equal to 8 single Terminus Hotel—Marseilles 682 purpose tubes Tyner, Miss E. J 675 Cabinet 16" wide, 8$4" high and 8*4" deep Underwood Elliott Fisher Company 681 Tune in on Philco programs from Station United Fruit Company l , 679 EAQ, Madrid, Spain (9.87 on your Philco dial) United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company _. 667 United States Lines 667 PHILCO RADIO AND TELEVISION CORP. von Zielinski, Carl M. J 630 Export Department Waldorf-Astoria Hotel IV Cover AMERICAN STEEL EXPORT CO. Washington Diplomatic and Consular Institute 658 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. Willard Hotel 630 Cable Address: Anisia, New York Woodward and Lothrop 669 631 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
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632 THE
VOL. XI, No. 12 WASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER, 1934
The National Foreign Trade Convention By JAMES J. MURPHY, JR., Department of State
"V' PIE National Foreign Trade Convention met perception by its people of the part our inter¬ 1 for its twenty-first Annual Session at the Hotel national trade plays in the maintenance of our Commodore, New York City, on October 31, 1934. standard of living. This sentiment was ably ex¬ The convention lasted for three days and during pressed by Mr. James A. Farrell, the Chairman of the deliberations a decided change in sentiment the National Foreign Trade Council, in his open¬ and atmosphere was evident. A new spirit of op¬ ing address to the assembly, when he stated: timism was present, reflecting the belief of the “It is gratifying to know that American business men no delegates that our foreign trade has definitely longer think of this trade in terms of exports only. If dur¬ turned the corner and is on the way to a future ing the pioneering years of the development of our over¬ that holds promise of improvement upon a sound seas commerce we seemed to place too much emphasis on basis. The factors responsible for the improved exports and the balance of trade, that attitude has given place to the sounder economic theory that we cannot sell tone of the meeting are believed to be the con¬ unless we buy.” fidence inspired in the foreign trade fraternity by the trade agreements program of Secretary Hull, CONVENTION PROGRAM the favorable results that have already attended The convention program was extremely broad in the successful negotiation of a trade agreement scope both as to regional considerations and the with Cuba on August 24, 1934, and the marked technical aspects of foreign trade problems. The increase in exports that has occurred during the European Luncheon Session on the first day con¬ first eight months of the present year, our sales sidered the general question of trade barriers, the abroad in that period having increased 45 per finance and exchange problems of Germany, Euro¬ cent over the sales during the same period for pean trade agreements and the fallacy of the the¬ the preceding year. It is significant that this en¬ ory of self-sufficiency in America. tire increase is not to be attributed to the depre¬ At the Merchandising Session on October 31 ad¬ ciation of the dollar. The average unit value of dresses were delivered on various phases of prac¬ all domestic exports averaged 14 per cent higher, tical exporting, foreign trade and protection and while the actual volume of goods shipped abroad the recovery of foreign trade. was about 15 per cent greater than in August, The second general session of the convention was 1933. devoted to the American Merchant Marine and its In addition to the foregoing concrete evidences place in our foreign trade development as well as of an improvement in our foreign trade position, its importance as an adequate auxiliary to the Navy. the psychological factor is of great importance. Trade relations between the United States and Much has taken place in the past year and a half, Japan were discussed in detail at a morning session since the National Foreign Trade Convention met under the auspices of the American-Japanese Trade at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to change the views Council. The presiding officer at this meeting was of many foreign traders. It is now generally ad¬ Mr. Renzo Sawada, Consul General of Japan. mitted that international trade cannot be a one¬ A comprehensive discussion of trade problems way street and that if we must sell we must also in Latin America took place at a special Latin- buy. Unquestionably the United States has be¬ American session in which the keynote was sounded come more foreign trade minded due to a clearer by Mr. James S. Carson, Chairman of the Council on
633 Inter-American Relations in his address, “Look¬ were forced to raise their tariffs as a means of protection ing Southwards — The Coming of a New Day in retaliation for our own exclusive attitude. At last, with in Inter-American Trade.” At this meeting an most countries frantically building barriers or tariffs, quo¬ tas, import licenses, and exchange restrictions against their extremely able and scholarly address was de¬ neighbors, international trade has been choked down to livered on the topic “Equal Treatment for For¬ a fraction of what it was. With a cessation of our foreign eign Interests Under International Law and Prac¬ lending, we have found that we cannot continue to export tice,” by the Honorable William S. Culbertson, without importing goods. The blocked balances which our exporters are now facing in various parts of the world are former Ambassador to Chile. the conclusive proof that exports cannot continue indefi¬ American-Chinese problems were thoroughly nitely without an expansion of imports. Foreign countries considered in a special session under the auspices do not have the purchasing power with which to pay for of the American-Chinese Trade Council. The our goods. They cannot borrow indefinitely. They cannot Chairman of this meeting was Mr. James A. send us any appreciable additional quantity of gold. We Thomas, former director of the British-American have reached the end of the road. The frail stage of our Tobacco Company. play-acting has collapsed and our dream world dissolved.” The Banking Session on Friday, November 2, Continuing his address, Secretary Hull indicated was of extreme importance to the delegates at the the purposes of the Administration with regard to convention since on the agenda of the meeting were foreign trade as follows: topics relating to credit for exporters, the com¬ “The objective of the United States which we are all vitally concerned to reach is full, stable, and permanent mercial bank’s relation to foreign trade financing, business recovery', and experience teaches that this re¬ and foreign dollar bonds as a factor in our foreign quires both a domestic and international program. The trade. At this meeting an address was delivered by purpose is to promote the maximum amount of produc¬ the Special Adviser to the President on Foreign tion that can be consumed at home and sold abroad, thereby giving the fullest employment to labor. In the Trade, Mr. George N. Peek. His observations may foreign field, this calls for a liberal commercial policy be summarized by the statement that recognition of fair trade methods and practices and friendly rela¬ must be given to the fact that foreign trade has tions; and to attain the desired end, we hope to enlist become a definite and direct concern of the Gov¬ the simultaneous cooperation of other important nations ernment. Mr. Peek spoke of the coordination of in the work of effectively abolishing existing destructive trade barriers which the experience of the past few years all present Governmental activities in foreign trade has demonstrated are discredited relics of the mediaeval under a unified direction, the maintenance of accu¬ mercantile period.” rate records of our commercial and financial rela¬ The Secretary of Commerce, the Honorable Dan¬ tions with each foreign country and the pursuance iel C. Roper, in his address to the convention, em¬ of a policy of selective exports and imports. He phasized the need for a comprehensive study of all also mentioned governmental cooperation and di¬ foreign trade factors. Mr. Roper said: rect action to clean up our exchange problems. “Our great need today is an intelligent and comprehen¬ sive foreign trade perspective which includes the various ADMINISTRATION POLICY TOWARD FOR¬ and often complex elements that go to make up the foreign EIGN TRADE trade system. The continuation of a 100 per cent na¬ tionalistic program would certainly result in a serious con¬ The keynote of the Administration’s policy to¬ dition in the standard of living and disruption in the ward foreign trade was stated by President Roose¬ economic process. * * * International commerce must be velt in his telegram addressed to Mr. Farrell, put on a sound basis and not allowed to continue in a hap¬ which was read at the World Trade Dinner hazard manner under the influence of man made barriers, by Assistant Secretary Francis B. Sayre. The such as import tariffs, trade restrictions and quotas.” policy enunciated in that telegram was dis¬ REACTIONS TO THE TRADE AGREEMENT cussed in detail in Secretary Hull’s address, which PROGRAM was the subject of a nation-wide broadcast during The program of the Administration embodied in the course of the dinner. After reviewing the enor¬ the Act of June 12, 1934, relating to the negotia¬ mous shrinkage that has taken place in world trade tion of trade agreements received the enthusiastic and in our foreign trade since 1929, Mr. Hull said: endorsement of the convention. Speaking at a lunch¬ “The appalling repercussions of the 1930 Tariff Act eon under the auspices of the National Federation upon our own domestic prosperity brings home the lesson of Foreign Trade Associations, Mr. Robert C. Gra¬ that in this day and age the tariff is no longer a purely ham, Vice President, Graham-Paige Motors, and domestic issue. We learned that a prohibitive protective tariff is a gun that recoils upon ourselves. The time was Chairman of the Export Committee of the Auto¬ when we could fix the tariff to suit ourselves without se¬ mobile Manufacturers Association, said: rious injury to our exports, then consisting largely of raw “The fundamentals underlying the President’s Recipro¬ materials of which we were the chief source of supply. cal Tariff Act are so obviously sound that it is hard for us That day is gone. We now face vigorous world competition to reconcile our views with those of critics who seem to in both our agricultural and our industrial products. Slam¬ have forgotten the country’s situation two years ago and ming the door shut against foreign products, we have found who have ignored the truly astonishing progress that has the door shut against our own products. Other countries been made since then. And I might add here that I am 634 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
a Republican—and have been a Republican since boy¬ Secretary of State whose frankness as the spokesman for hood. his country and whose skill as a statesman brought har¬ “For years our industry has protested in Washington mony and accord where some had anticipated disagree¬ against rising tariffs at least to selfish interests and, as you ment and failure. There is nothing more conducive to the know, our pleas certainly fell upon deaf ears, for there was establishment of lasting reciprocal trade arrangements little disposition to listen to any suggestion whatever, for with other nations than the policy of the good neighbor in the improvement of trade relations with our foreign neigh¬ all our foreign relations.” bors. ft was all right to try to sell, but the way was surely hard for those who tried to buy from abroad.” FINAL DECLARATION The following extracts from the Final Declara¬ Continuing, Mr. Graham said: tion of the Convention are of interest to the For¬ “The Automobile Manufacturers Association is support¬ eign Service. ing the Trade Agreements Act, first of all, because it The Final Declaration of the Convention en¬ will greatly increase employment, both in the United States and throughout the World, and, secondly, because dorsed the principle that two-way foreign trade al¬ we believe that foreign trade is a two-way process. If ways has been and still is essential to our national there is selling there must be buying—a reciprocity of economy. It was added that the Reciprocal Trade trade and understanding.” Agreements Act not only provides opportunities to At the final general session of the convention, reduce or remove trade obstructions but also to speaking on the topic “Cuba and Reciprocal provide in advance for the adjustment of such cur¬ Trade Agreements,” Mr. Charles William Taussig, rency depreciation, exchange manipulation, or other President, American Molasses Company, New elements which later might tend to make the provi¬ York, said in part, as follows: sions agreed upon less effective or inoperative. “The trade agreement between the United States of The Convention declared that American ships America and Cuba, which was signed at Washington on for the carrying of our exports and imports are an August 24, 1934, is perhaps the most carefully and intelli¬ indispensable part of our foreign trade. Without gently prepared document of its kind in the annals of American foreign relations. It was drawn by leaders who them there would be no security for our commerce had fundamental economic principles, political sagacity, in times of peace or war. and what is of almost equal importance, plain ordinary As to currency and exchange the Final Declara¬ horse sense. It is encouraging, indeed, to know that such tion pointed out that exchanges are a part of the men have been entrusted with carrying out the foreign pol¬ whole monetary problem. Stabilization of ex¬ icy of the United States.” changes is essential to the revival of foreign trade. It was regrettable that Secretary Hull was un¬ The depreciation of our currency can not perma¬ able to be present at the World Trade Dinner to nently assist exports and retard imports. There can, deliver his address in person, since it would have however, be no exchange stability until the curren¬ been a fitting recognition of his labors in the cause cies in the principal countries of the world are of foreign trade for him to have heard the senti¬ stabilized. ments of the convention so ably expressed by Mr. The Convention commended the establishment of Farrell, who, when speaking at the World Trade the Export-Import Ranks pursuant to the proposals Dinner, after delivery of Secretary Hull’s ad¬ initiated by the National Foreign Trade Council dress by Assistant Secretary Sayre, stated: and as to the American capital market stated that “Wo shall hear tonight from the Secretary of State, the foreign lending is recognized as an essential func¬ Honorable Cordell Hull, the views of the Government on this vital question of our foreign trade, which affect so di¬ tion to further foreign trade; the fact that some rectly the prosperity of the nation. We all deplore the of the loans made during post-war years proved to temporary illness which has driven him to his native have been injudicious does not justify exaggeration South for recuperation. A lifetime of study of our trade of probable loss nor the failure to point out the problems has equipped him for the task upon which he benefits obtained through the sale of our surplus has entered, of negotiating bilateral trade treaties as a means of making our bargaining powers instrumental to production and the subsequent maintenance of em¬ the removal of the excessive barriers which restrict our ployment. trade opportunity in the markets of the world. To Secre¬ Of particular importance is the declaration of tary Hull we already owe the favorable change of atmos¬ the Convention to the effect that the Convention be¬ phere in Central and South American republics. It may lieves that the Government’s activities designed to be said of Secretary Hull’s statesmanlike achievements at Montevideo, as it was said of Disraeli after the Berlin rebuild our foreign trade will fail of full accom¬ Conference, that he brought back peace with honor. His plishment unless adequate personnel is provided interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine in the light of mod¬ in the State Department and the Bureau of Foreign ern thought has removed from the minds of Latin American and Domestic Commerce to meet the increased de¬ statesmen and people misunderstandings regarding the mands arising from larger overseas business, the future relations between the United States and other re¬ publics on this Western hemisphere. He left behind at necessary negotiations and investigations prelimi¬ Montevideo vivid impressions of a United States foreign nary to the new reciprocal trade agreements and policy which is that of the good neighbor, and of a their continuous and proper administration. 635 I Progress of Science in tlie United States
By HENRY S. VILLARD, Department of Stale
safely and with the comfort of broad daylight. Sodium vapor lamps are the very latest word
Courtesy, General Electric Company in the field of highway lighting. While apparently unsuitable, in their present stage, for indoor light¬ Sodium vapor lamp, 10,000 ing, they have already demonstrated that they are lumens, in fixture. Mr. G. at least two and a half times as efficient for a given A. Eddy points to lamp. current consumption as the familiar tungsten lamp units heretofore in use and that their orange-yellow F'lFTY years ago, it is reported, a color yields a higher proportion of visible light Commissioner of Patents re¬ than other known means of artificial illumination. signed because all worth while inven¬ Small objects become easily visible, where before tions had been made and the Pat¬ the eye has strained to see them; a printed page ent Office would soon be useless. becomes so clear cut and sharp that the letters seem Imagine, if you can, a modern city to sparkle; and on the blackest night one can, with suddenly deprived of electric light the greatest of ease, read a newspaper at a distance and power, of trolley and motor transportation, of of fifty feet from the source of lighting. The se¬ radios and telephones, of airplane connection with cret of sodium light—and one wonders of course the outside world; and a slight idea may he gained why it was never discovered until now—seems to as to the shortsightedness of that particular Com¬ be that it radiates about 95 per cent in the yellow missioner. Science marches on at a pace which may part of the spectrum and thus becomes known as not always he spectacular hut which seems to have a monochromatic, or one-color, light. It is ex¬ covered an enormous amount of ground when one plained that the strain of trying to see details under looks back; and the multiplicity of inventions to¬ ordinary light is in part the result of the effort of day show that the advance is accelerating if any¬ the eye to bring all colors into focus at the same thing. In the United States a number of develop¬ time; while it is not possible for the lens of the eye ments have taken place lately which have been al¬ to accomplish this, it never stops trying and this of most unnoticed but which are probably destined to course leads to eye fatigue. With monochromatic be of considerable importance in the future scheme light such wasted effort does not occur; and any¬ of things. thing so easy on the eyes is naturally greeted with To single out an outstanding example of prog¬ cheers by those who travel after dark. ress, take the improvement in highway illumina¬ To become technical for a moment, the standard tion by means of the sodium vapor lamp. Mo¬ sodium lamp of 10,000 lumens as put out by the torists driving at night through Jerome Avenue be¬ General Electric Company consists of a long bulb tween 233rd Street and Yonkers in the metropoli¬ of special glass capable of resisting successfully tan area of New York could not have been more the attack of sodium vapor, and enclosing at each pleased than they were surprised recently to find end a coiled oxide-coated filament to serve as a this stretch of highway bathed in a strong golden cathode and an open-ended box of molybdenum to glow which threw into sharp relief the smallest de¬ serve as an anode. A small quantity of sodium tail and which made the use of headlights entirely and some neon gas are in the bulb, the neon being unnecessary. The high luminous efficiency of the used to start operations. The application of start¬ lamps, their softly diffused light of essentially one ing voltage strikes an arc in the neon gas and the color, and the welcome freedom from glare which lamp then glows brilliantly with the characteristic they feature make this modern form of highway il¬ red color of neon. Sufficient heat is soon stored up lumination the night motorist’s dream of paradise, to vaporize the sodium, and the lamp gradually ac¬ where he can switch off his own lights, forget about quires the orange-yellow color of the sodium arc. being blinded by approaching cars, and drive as About 30 minutes are required to build up the 636 sodium light to its maximum output, and a double- —at least easily and without headlights. A section walled evacuation flask is used with the lamp to re¬ of the Boston-Worcester Turnpike near Newton, tain the heat, which is essential for proper vapori¬ which has a traffic flow of 3,000,000 vehicles per zation of the sodium. year, has been favored with similar equipment; A factor in the success of the sodium lamp is a other installations are at Schenectady, N. Y., home new type of aluminum reflector, treated by a proc¬ of the lamp’s manufacturers, and at Wallingford, ess which hardens the surface, greatly increases the Connecticut, between New Haven and Hartford. reflecting power, prevents oxidation, makes the sur¬ In addition, the new General Electric Building in face weather-resistant, and enables it to be cleaned New York boasts of the first application of the readily with soap and water. The new reflector, now sodium lamp for floodlighting, four of the units used for the first time commercially, was made pos¬ suffusing the surrounding street area with a golden sible by the development of what is known as the glow at night; its further extension will no doubt Alray process, an electrolytic brightening method be governed only by the comparatively heavy ex¬ devised in the research laboratories of the Alumi¬ pense involved. num Company of America, and under ordinary It’s a long jump from motoring at night to the conditions no permanent deterioration can be de¬ bottom of the sea, hut a few months ago science tected in the polished surfaces subjected to weath¬ bridged another gap which resulted in a new all- ering tests. time low for divers. Dr. William Beebe’s record In addition to the installation mentioned above descent of 3,028 feet off Bermuda last August in for New York, sodium lighting equipment has so his famous bathysphere was made possible by the far been introduced in four other motoring locali¬ invention of a new type of glass which has a com¬ ties in the United States. At a tricky cloverleaf pressive strength about six times that of ordinary intersection of the Salem Turnpike and Revere glass and which at the same time has a much higher Beach Parkway, near Revere, Massachusetts, it has transparency. The major problem in construct¬ been demonstrated that with the new type lighting ing the round metal chamber which lowered Beebe units, curves can be driven—if not on two wheels (Continued to page 667)
Courtesy, General Electric Company BOSTON-WORCESTER TURNPIKE, NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS Night view of 10,000 lumen A-C sodium lamps—sodium luminaire mounted on 8 foot bracket at 22 feet to light center. Average spacing is 142 feet, staggered. 637 Photographed by courtesy of Frank Cundall, Esq., Director of Institute of Jamaica
SIR HENRY MORGAN Facsimile of an old print in the Institute of Jamaica probably not heretofore published. In this print Mor¬ gan is seen as a pirate. Usually, he is pictured as the Governor of Jamaica. Morgan, known as the “baddest, boldest buccaneer,” subsequently became Governor of Jamaica. He is credited with violating all laws and customs, even the “honor among pirates,” when he deserted his fellow bandits after a foray into Panama and escaped home with the spoils. Pirates* Doom
By WILLIAM W. CORCORAN, American Consul, Kingston
ISTORY is calling a stretch of land, which for an encore at like a skeleton left arm the “naughtiest place clutches a clear glass on earth.” This “Baby¬ bowl, and you will have lon of the seventeenth a precise idea of how century,” Port Royal, this bent promontory “Port of Orgies,” Carib¬ makes one of the great¬ bean lair of the Buc¬ est land-locked harbors caneers, — “the most in the world. What re¬ hideously ruthless mis¬ mains of the old buc¬ creants that ever dis¬ caneer port is situated graced earth and sea,” at the extremity of the wrote Andrew Lang— peninsula, as if it were bids fair to emerge lying in the palm of the from lethargy and be¬ TOWN AND HARBOR OF PORT ROYAL, JAMAICA skeleton arm. It is along come once more—in a this narrow strip of modified sense, at least—the stage of bacchanalian land, thrown out into the Caribbean like a lasso, revelry and midnight frolic. Until now, prac¬ the end of which is returning to the cowboy, that tically inaccessible, except by sea, the vestige of the new road, which is destined to open up the “the most wicked city in the world”—this was old pirates’ haunt, is being built; it is some eight another of its questionable titles—is soon to be con¬ miles in length. nected with the mainland by an automobile road, It is in the stillness of the night, the stillness which when completed within a few months will broken only by the gentle rhythm of the sounding bring the historic old haunt of the pirates within a sea, when the historic spot is bathed in the sensu¬ short hour’s ride by car of Kingston, Jamaica’s ous light of the tropic moon; when its only beau¬ capital and tourist mecca of a Southern Sea. ty, nature’s gift—lovely palms silhouetted like Over this same ground, on these same palm- black ink sketches against a diamond sky, their lined shores where, some two centuries and a half ebony trunks sinking like graceful columns into ago, bearded ruffians, their clothes still drenched the molten silver of the moonlit sea,—it is in in blood, squandered in repellant drunkenness and this atmosphere, entranced by the beauty of this lechery myriad “pieces of eight” wrung from vic¬ scene that the contemplative faculties of the mind tims of their torture, murder and rape, will soon fully awaken and that the visitor begins to under¬ strut another type of pirate, effete, armed with the stand why this place and its destruction has evoked weapons of persuasive cosmopolitan manners— so much of the sublime in English poetry and the modern “pleasure pirates,” and pseudo “love legend. pirates” and “news pirates” from points north of In 1668 when New York had only 500 houses, the Tropic of Cancer. Port Royal was a city of 800 habitations. On the Seen in the glaring rays of the torrid sun, the conservative estimate of ten persons to the house, motley and insignificant group of ruins and mod¬ including negro slaves, made by W. Adolph Rob¬ ern buildings which now make up the town of erts in his recently published life of Sir Henry Port Royal recall but the sordidness of its noto¬ Morgan, one of the “baddest, boldest buccaneers,” rious past. Legend has it that the old town, low¬ this meant a population of some 8,000 souls. Rich¬ ered to coral depths, as if by some magic elevator ard Blome in “A Description of the Island of during the extraordinary seismic upheaval of Jamaica,” published in 1672 at London, states that 1692, can still be seen on a clear calm day, its the buildings of Port Royal were “as dear-rented spires and steeples still erect, as if destiny had as if they stood in the well-traded streets of Lon¬ chosen the distant Caribbean as a crystal mauso¬ don.” In the streets of the historic old town leum, that the world might moralize on the fate strutted and reeled in drunken revelry most of the of the wicked. noted pirate chiefs who operated in the Western Imagine a long wraith-like peninsula going out Atlantic during the 16th century. Here came Fran¬ into the sea from the left of the City of Kingston: cis L’Ollonois, who would hack a man to pieces, 639 [ HE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL tear out his heart and “gnaw it with his teeth like all they had gotten, by giving themselves to all a ravenous wolf, saying to the rest ‘I will serve manner of debauchery. ***** Such of these you all alike if you show me not another way.’ ” pirates are found tvho spend 2 or 3 thousand Here lived and swayed with an iron hand that arch- pieces of eight in one night, not leaving them¬ murderer of the high seas, Sir Henry Morgan, selves peradventure a good shirt to wear on their whose iniquitous valor did much to break Span¬ hacks in the morning. My own master would buy, ish influence and probably changed the map of the on like occasions, a whole pipe of wine, and, plac¬ Western Hemisphere. Among its long calling list ing it in the street, would force every one that of notorious sea-robbers were those other gentle passed by to drink with him, threatening also to souls Roche Brasilliano and Bartolomew Portugas. pistol them, in case they would not do it. At other Esquemeling, himself a buc¬ times he would do the same with caneer, has described the con¬ barrels of ale or beer. And, very duct and exploits of his com¬ often, with both his hands, he panions in plain prose warning would throw these liquors about eager youths that “pieces of eight the streets, and wet the clothes of do not grow on trees." Esque- such as walked by, without re¬ meling’s work originally written garding whether he spoiled their in Dutch (1645-1707) was pub¬ apparel or not, were they men or lished in Amsterdam in 1678 un¬ women.” der the title “De Americanische So much for her sordid past; Zeerovers.” He gives a fairly now for her awful end around good picture of “street scenes” which has been woven so much in Port Royal, when he describes of the lofty in poetry and prose, the indulgences of his fellow pi¬ so many “thoughts that breathe rates ashore: “Their gains they and words that burn.” spend with great liberality.” he At twenty minutes to midday on wrote, “giving themselves freely Bartolomew Portugas, known as June 7, 1692,—descriptions of the to all manner of vices and de¬ “him who had committed innu¬ cataclysm by eyewitnesses have merable excessive insolences upon been preserved—a noise resem¬ bauchery, among which the first these coasts, not only infinite mur¬ is that of drunkenness, which they ders and robberies but also lament¬ bling thunder was heard in the exercise for the most part with able incendiums.” mountains beyond the harbor. brandy; this they Three distinct drink as liberal¬ shocks followed, ly as the Span¬ the last more ter¬ iards do clear rible than the first, splitting fountain-w a t e r. Port Royal open Sometimes they in a dozen places. buy together a These shocks pipe of wine (an were felt in all old measure of parts of the 110 gallons) ; island. A tidal this they stave wave ensued. W. at the one end, J. Gardner, the and never cease historian, s u m - drinking till they marizing two fel- have made an L’Ollonois, who “would hack a Roche Brasilliano, who had an in¬ 1 o w historians, end of it. Thus Spaniard to pieces, tear out his veterate haired of Spaniards and Edward Long they celebrate heart and gnaw it with his teeth.” “roasted several of them alive.” and George W. the festivals of Bridges, writes Facsimile*i of original engravings in Ei temelinff’s Book, published in 1678. Bacchus so long © Duncan Keith Corim . Kingston, Jamaica. of the destruc¬ as they have any tion as follows: money left.” Again in writing of the pirates’ con¬ “Not only did the earth tremble, and in some duct ashore Esquemeling says: parts open beneath the feet of the terror-stricken “All these prizes they carried into Jamaica, inhabitants, but the horrors of the event were in¬ where they safely arrived, and, according to their tensified by the mysterious, awful sounds, that one custom, wasted in a few days in taverns and stews moment appeared to be in the air and then in the 640 A True and Perfe# Relation of that mofl Sad and Terrible EARTHQU A K E, at Port-Royal in J A M AIC/.
Which happened on Tuefday the yth. of fme, I69I. y Where, in Two Minutes time the Town was Sunt undo- Ground, and Two Thoufand Souk Perilhed i with the manner of it at Larger in a letter fi thence, Written by Capuin Crttht: A» alio of the Etrihquikt which happen’d in Ew/diU, HolUui, Enmtt, Cttr»4»jy ZjtUmi, $t. And in moll Parts ol Emop*: On Tkm dtc S/4 of Stfttmkr. Being a Dreadful Warning to the Sleepy World: Or, God’s heavy judgments /hewed on a Sinful People, as a Fore-runner of the Terrible Day of theLord.
EXPLANATION. A 71# fimfit F/lfmj’. B. The Cfxtrebti. C. Tbe Sere err-fforltM. D 7be Mil'i. E. Tbr JinJ/ttmtit wbfft CmntiCountry. Tie Reek n$J Metmtomi. v _ F. G. Radon'/ Hmft S*xk Sri mtt tbe Emtb, with ku Wii emi.'j. H. 7t(Cnnd rolltnr mitJer tin MmifitT i Feel. I. 7i(#i
LEGEND (REPRODUCED VERBATIM) A. The Houses Falling. B. The Churches. C. The Sugar-Works. D. The Mills. E. The Bridges in the whole Country. F. The Rock and Mountains. G. Captain Ruden’s House Sunk first into the Earth, with his Wife and Family. H. The Ground rolling under the Minister’s feet. I. The great Church and Tower falling. K. The Earth Opening and Swallowing Multitudes of People in Morgan’s Fort. L. The Minister Kneeling down in a Ring with the People in the Street at Prayers. M. The Wharf covered with the Sea. N. Dr. Heath going from Ship to Ship to Visit the bruised People, and do his last Office to the dead Corpses that lay Floating from the Point. O. Thieves Robbing and Breaking open both Dwelling Houses and Ware-Houses during the Earthquake. P. Dr. Trapham, a Doctor of Physic, hanging by the Hands on a Rack of the Chimney and one of his Children hanging about his neck seeing his Wife and the rest of his Children A-sinking. Q. A Boat coming to save them. R. The Minister Preaching in a Tent to the People. S. The dead Bodies of some Hun¬ dreds floating about the Harbour. T. The Sea washing the dead Carcasses out of their Graves and Tombs, and dashed to pieces by the Earthquake. V. People swallow’d up in the Earth, several as high as their Necks with their Heads above Ground. W. The Dogs eating of Dead Men’s Heads. X. Several Ships Cast away and driven into the very Town. Y. A Woman and her two Daughters beat to pieces one against the other. Z. Mr. Beckford his Diging out of the Ground. 641 ground. . . . The wharfs loaded with merchandise, the past than to the present, saw the catastrophe and most of the fortifications, together with all from a distance of time and space sufficient to the streets near the shore, sunk into the harbour lend enchantment. His brilliant pen, like some and were completely overwhelmed. . . . Though magic wand anointed the sunken city, transmitted there was no breeze the sea rose in mighty waves, to her his own immortality and made her, with tearing ships from their anchorage, and sweeping Atlantis, one of the great monuments of Tropi- them over the sunken ruins of the town. Some of calia. What a pleasant surprise to find such beau¬ these were utterly destroyed, while others were tifully fervent lines within the cover of a book saved, and proved the means of saving many that entitled: “Confessions of an English Opium were struggling in the waves. In places the earth Eater”: opened, swallowing up many helpless creatures; but “God smote Savannah-la-Mar (a mythical name in some cases persons were soon only partially for Port Royal), and in one night, by earthquake, covered, with dogs feasting on the parts left ex¬ removed her, with all her towers standing and posed. Not two hundred houses were left, and in population sleeping, from the steadfast founda¬ all it was computed that nearly two thousand per¬ tions of the shore to the coral floors of ocean. And sons had perished.” God said—‘Pompeii did I bury, and conceal from Bridges notes: “On the road to Sixteen-mile men through seventeen centuries: this city I will Walk, two mountains fell and met. The riven hills bury, but not conceal. She shall be a monument were closed with colossal masses of disjointed to men of My mysterious anger, set in azure light rock, which stopped up the bed of the river, and through generations to come; for I will enshrine wdiich in some places still remain—the eternal her in a crystal dome of My tropic seas.’ witness of the day’s dreadful convulsion. The “This city, therefore, like a mighty galleon with water, thus confined, rose to an overwhelming all her apparel mounted, streamers flying, and height; and then, bursting its adamantine barrier, tackling perfect, seems floating along the noiseless bore all before it. . . . depths of ocean: and oftentimes in glassy calms, “There was scarcely a mountain in the Island through the translucid atmosphere of water that that did not change its outline; or a rock which now stretches like was not split. . . . The tremendous convulsions an air-woven awning were repeated with little intermission, though with above the silent en¬ decreasing violence, for the space of three w'eeks; campment, mariners and every fissure in the rocks, every cleft in the from every clime cracked and parched earth, was steaming with sul¬ look down into her phurous fumes. The air reeked with noxious miasmata; and the sea exhaled an offensive putrid courts and terraces, vapour count her gates and “The insupportable heat of a tropical midsum¬ number the spires of mer was not for many weeks refreshed even by a her churches. She is partial breath of air; the sky blazed with irresis¬ one ample cemetery, tible fierceness; swarms of mosquitoes clouded and has been for the atmosphere, while the lively beauty of the many a year; but in mountain forests suddenly vanished, and the fresh the mighty calms © Duncan Keith Corinaldi, that breed for weeks verdure of the lowdand scenery was changed to Kingston, Jamaica the russet grey of a Northern winter. The cane- over tropic latitudes, Port Royal—This old watch she fascinates the eye fields were disfigured by masses of fallen rock, tower, built of molasses and presented to the wearied eye a barren wilder¬ mixed with mortar and stone, with a Fata-Morgana ness, parched and furrow'ed. . . . survived the great earthquake revelation, as of hu¬ “The ruins (of Port Royal) are even yet visible of 1692, which swallowed up man life still sub¬ half the town, but acquired a sisting in submarine in clear weather from the surface of the waters decided list. under which they lie.” asylums sacred from It remained for the immortal genius of Thomas the storms that torment our upper air. de Quincey to put the most exquisite touch to the “Thither, lured by the loveliness of cerulean structure of poetry and illusion built up around depths, by the peace of human dwellings privi¬ the destruction of “the most wicked place in Chris¬ leged from molestation, by the gleam of marble tendom” and “the Richest Spot in the Universe.” altars sleeping in everlasting sanctity, oftentimes De Quincey’s sublime imagination, coupled with in dreams did I and the Dark Interpreter cleave the truth that the mind of man always attaches the watery veil that divided us from her streets. greater importance, greater glamour at least to (Continued to page 675) 642 Embassy Days My Recollections of John Ridgely Carter
By EMILY BAX (Concluded from November Issue) THERE was the Harvard Mem¬ clergy and banners, and the host orial Chapel, too, that engaged of important persons uncomfort¬ our attention for a long time. It was ably crowded into the tiny Chapel. Mr. Phillips’ idea when he was Mr. The service went on and on until Choate’s secretary. Being a Har¬ everybody was fagged out and Mr. vard man, as was Mr. Choate, he Reid looked ready to drop, al¬ thought it would be appropriate to though he always managed to have a memorial to John Harvard maintain his dignified manner, at the Cathedral at Southwark, however much he might be suffer¬ where Harvard was baptized. A ing inside. disused vestry was turned over, and When Mr. and Mrs. Reid arrived the Harvard Chapel was planned. in the middle of the London season Mr. Choate gave a handsome win¬ of 1906—they passed Mr. and Mrs. dow, made by John LaFarge, the Choate on the Atlantic—the Span¬ glass for which was sent to him ish Royalties were visiting King from England, and Mr. Phillips Edward and Queen Alexandra, and not only gave very generously him¬ the last two Courts were scheduled self but was about to embark on a campaign for a few days later. So while Mr. White arranged among other Harvard men to raise the rest of for the reception of Mr. and Mrs. Reid by the King the money when he was suddenly appointed to and the Foreign Minister without the usual waiting Peking. As Mr. Choate was leaving, too, the so that they could take part in the festivities, you whole matter naturally devolved upon you and me finished up, as far as you could, the Court lists, and the appeals were sent out as Mr. Phillips had leaving the new Ambassador a chance to add the arranged. But the money didn’t come in fast names of one or two of his own friends, and han¬ enough, so I sent additional appeals to a few non- dled most of the correspondence with other Ambas¬ Harvard men who had close connections with Lon¬ sadors and English people inviting Mr. and Mrs. don. Mr. Carnegie was one of these, and prom¬ Reid to do many and various pleasant things. Mr. ised to give the last $500, which he did with a DeLancey Jay came with Mr. Reid to be his Secre¬ twinkle in his eye, for he knew the Embassy very tary and became a great favorite. Mr. Reid was well indeed. It was that promise that spurred us soon swamped with requests for speeches and it on to a triumphant end, for we were afraid Mr. was not long before he entered upon the usual Carnegie might get out of paying it by dying be¬ course of “Hands across the sea” utterances. I fore we could qualify. don’t remember whether he addressed the Pilgrims I did the Harvard Memorial bookkeeping in a that Fourth of July, but if he didn’t he did every method all my own, which again an efficiency ex¬ year after that. pert might have disliked intensely. I entered the In Mr. Choate’s time you occasionally held a subscriptions as they came in, in dollars on one presentation at Court rehearsal in the office. “Don’t side with the corresponding amount in pounds on curtsey so low to a Foreign Sovereign. Remember the other—$5 to the pound—so there was always a you are an American!” But when Mr. Reid came bit of uncertainty as to how much we actually had, these were transferred to Dorchester House, and it which disturbed nobody, as the Bank had to do the seemed to me that you spent half your time there delicate translation of dollars into pounds. In due in the hectic weeks before the Courts, helping Mrs. time the Chapel was completed, and then time Reid with many social problems, seating guests in passed in the hope that Mr. Choate or Mr. Phillips their proper places at dinner parties, and soothing might come for the dedication. But in the end the irritations that are apt to occur occasionally in neither came and Mr. Reid officiated instead. We even the best run establishment. Mr. Reid, while sent out invitations broadcast. I shall never forget usually very placid, would sometimes get ruffled —and probably you won’t either—that dedication, and then things happened. A newspaper man had the dreary journey across London Bridge, the long offended him and orders went forth that he was not service at Southwark with its endless procession of to be invited again. But through some slip there
643 he was! The resulting storm was terrific. Of agency for a good round sum. Judge then of his course you were telephoned for to go and make the chagrin when he found no speech was expected. peace, and you did. Everybody loved you and The speech duly appeared in the American papers, shamelessly called on you in every sort of diffi¬ though it was never delivered. culty. I used to be annoyed when the government There were many changes in the junior positions business waited while the question whether a Rus¬ during those years. Mr. Wadsworth was promoted sian Vice-Admiral took precedence of a Rumanian to Persia. His successor was a very amusing gen¬ General was decided, and places were found in an tleman of the Oppenheim school, always on the international gathering for visiting Americans look-out for spies. He seemed to feel that myste¬ with no language but English so that they would rious forces were continually weaving evil spells know what was going on. to get hold of the Embassy secrets. The code was The question of correctly seating a dinner-party his special hobby. In the care-free days before his leads naturally to the place of women in the diplo¬ arrival cables were coded by the two Hodsons matic scene. Diplomacy, as you know so well, is sitting opposite to each other in front of a large honeycombed with sex, social ambition, jealousies open window with a splendid view from the and all the other weaknesses that surround the re¬ neighboring windows. If newspaper men poked lations of men and women. their noses in their door Frank would yell “cipher” I suppose it is mean of me to remind you of the and they would retire hastily. Frank and his day when, all dressed up in a grey frock coat, light father guarded the safe and the code, and were very grey tall hat, buttonhole, spats and light gloves, on conscientious about the trust reposed in them. your way to Ascot, you stopped in to the office to But the new Secretary in lieu of a better audi¬ be sure that everything was right, and carrying— ence gradually imbued me with such a morbid the only discordant note in the utter perfection of respect for the code that I became his ally in com¬ your attire—a most disreputable old umbrella! plicating the former easy-going methods of safe¬ And in answer to my horrified question you said, guarding its secrecy. He showed me how a spy “Last year at Ascot someone took my new one and could post himself at one of the windows opposite left me this. So I am taking it back and if I am and take a photograph of a page of the code and lucky will get my own again—or maybe a better enlarge it and from that work out the whole code. one.” An apt pupil, I came to believe that diplomacy was Soon after Mr. Reid came Mr. White was made rather a sinister business, but when I passed on all Ambassador to Rome and you succeeded him as this scary material to you, as I presume I was Counselor of the Embassy. I was afraid then that supposed to do, you were not as concerned as I you would either move into Mr. White’s old room, had expected. You told me that it was well known leaving me where I was, or move me into his. But that a certain Power had a copy of the code, for you made no change, leaving Mr. White’s room to they had openly demonstrated it in an exchange the new Second Secretary. So your little office re¬ of conversations not so very long before, and that mained the office of the Counselor until the Em¬ if they had it was likely that many other nations bassy was moved into its new quarters after the had it also. You reminded me that other Em¬ beginning of the World War. Neither Mr. Phillips bassies occasionally telephoned a warning that nor Mr. Laughlin, who succeeded you, dispensed agents were trying to sell it to them for their Gov¬ with my presence, and my work was therefore ernments, and that it could not in any sense be con¬ much more interesting than it would have been had sidered a private code. You were entirely satisfied I been in a separate office. You were all so kind with the present methods, you said, but if and when and good to me, far more than I ever deserved, and a new and secret code was issued things would be you specially, for you put up with me when I knew changed—and so they were! nothing, and if I was useful to your successors Mr. DeLancey Jay went back, and Mr. Sheldon afterwards it was only because of your teachings. Whitehouse came in his stead, and later went into Do you remember when Mark Twain came over, the service as a “career” man. Mr. Arthur Orr then and arrived in London the very day the Ascot Gold succeeded the guardian of secrets. Mr. Orr was Cup was stolen? The papers announced “Mark entirely different, quiet, gentle, rather a reflective Twain arrives—Ascot gold cup stolen,” and of mind and full of interest in his work. It was he course the great man began every speech by an¬ who educated me to use the card index and made nouncing that he had stolen it. The Ambassador other suggestions about conditions in general which gave a dinner party for him, and assuming that he we were only too glad to adopt because he was so would be called upon for a speech, he not only pre¬ diffident that no one resented them. pared it but thriftily sold it in advance to a news Then came Mr. Hugh Gibson, old friend of Mr. 644 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL
Orr, to be Second Secretary. He amazed me by got on without the Hodsons, for they met most of doing his own typewriting, and would have swept the diplomats and other important people, arranged the floor if it had needed it. Mr. Orr used to tell their hotel accommodations and assisted them in the story on him that when he was at the School many ways. They were perfect mines of informa¬ of Diplomacy in Paris he had hosts of friends in tion, and with no effort at all could surround an every grade of society, and apparently saw no dif¬ American gentleman with a police escort and even ference between them. Just as he was about to a brass band if they thought he would like it. They leave Paris he determined to pay off all his social were grand proponents of the psychology of in¬ debts at once with a large party to which he invited flating the ego of the near-great. It was they who everybody from the Ambassador and Ambassadress often escorted American gentlemen with a flair for down to the most insignificant art student. With gambling and horse-racing to the various English most people such an occasion would have been a race-courses, and when they did they saw to it that flop, but so engaging was his personality, and his the representatives of Scotland Yard who were al¬ hospitality so genuinely unstudied that everybody ways on watch to see that foreigners were protected had a grand time. against the professional gamblers were aware of Perhaps the best time of the year was when you their presence. With the aid of Scotland Yard they were Charge d’Affaires, which was for about two also came to the rescue of eminent gentlemen who months every year, as Mr. Reid went to America had somehow contrived to find themselves in gaol, each Christmas and often did not return for many or had been found in places where they had no busi¬ weeks. While the early winter was a quiet time ness to be. Much of their time was spent in this socially, there was always plenty of official busi¬ sort of unofficial welfare work on behalf of the ness, and many callers. Diplomats came and went traveling American, and they seemed to enjoy it all the time, a veritable puss in the corner game, thoroughly. Their office in the Embassy was also going from Dan to Beersheba and back again, up the headquarters of the various police officials who and down the world seemingly for no special rea¬ came over to take back American criminals. These son or to advance anything in particular. London inspectors, together with many newspaper men, was always a good central meeting place for them, could be found almost any afternoon, lounging in and they always contrived to stop over a few days the Hodsons’ office, and there was an amount of whether on their way to Stockholm, Petrograd, activity always going forward that had little to do Peking or South America. Many of these gentle¬ with the furtherance of strictly diplomatic nego¬ men bought their clothes in London, were members tiations. of the various Clubs, especially of the St. James I noticed that you held all these gentle¬ Club, the diplomatic club, and had many friends men strictly at arm’s length, hut if the Hodsons in England. Some of them were members of the were alone there was no one who liked better to Bachelors’ Club, joining when they were bachelors go in and have a chat than you did. I always sus¬ and then grumbling when they were called upon to pected that much went on in that department that 1 pay the big fine demanded for their continued knew nothing about, for the peals of laughter that membership as married men. It was not to be emanated from it and the comings and goings indi¬ wondered at that whenever possible all these and cated that the weather was not the topic of conver¬ many other old friends made it a practice to hap¬ sation. But on one ever told me anything about pen along. And in the season, there were always that. In fact, I regretfully acknowledge that I was enough diplomats “en route” to ensure a good at¬ far too carefully guarded from gossip. tendance at any Court function even if there were Frank was always good-tempered whatever hap¬ no more Americans to be accommodated. With pened, and I never saw him ruffled. All his sins of most of the diplomats who had been in London I omission he covered with the comforting phrase kept up a brisk correspondence, had money to pay that the man who never made a mistake never made their bills and often did their shopping. I got belly- anything. His speech was interlarded with the bands for one, fountain pens for another, flowers phrases that run in and out of diplomatic cor¬ and candy for many, and assisted the course of respondence. “Modus vivendi,” “Iaissez faire,” true love in one case by seeing that a lady return¬ “laissez aller” and many others rolled off his ing to America was furnished with flowers every tongue, though I doubt whether he knew the mean¬ morning on the voyage. When she arrived I am ing of them. You were always his greatest favorite, glad to say that the gentleman got his reward, for and I know that old Mr. Hodson thought the world she married him. of you. In fact, you were liked by everybody. It I often wondered how the Embassy would have (Continued to page 676) 645 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
TH E WH ITE HOUSE
WA S H I N G TO N
TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE:
At this season in particular my thoughts
turn to our Foreign Service with pride and with
appreciation of the loyal and efficient manner
in which our country is represented abroad. To
the members of the Foreign Service I send my
sincere greetings for Christmas and the New Year. JHE AMERICAN ppREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
WASHINGTON
TO THE FOREIGN SERVICE:
The year which is drawing to a close has seen
the restoration to the Foreign Service of a number of
Justly merited benefits. I like to think of the return
of these benefits as the well deserved reward for un¬
failing loyalty and efficient performance of duty during
trying times. I wish to extend to all members of the
Foreign Service my warmest Christmas greetings and best
wishes for the year to cone. COVER PICTURE Photograph from Consul Franklin C. Gowen FOREIGN S JOURNAL The Joseph Conrad, said to be the smallest full-rigged ship afloat and the only full-rigged Vol. XI DECEMBER, 1934 ship flying the British flag. The Joseph Conrad, which is of 203 tons, with a length of 100 feet and a beam of 25 feet, is now on a cruise round PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN the world. (See page 596 of the October, 1934, SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. issue of the JOURNAL.) The American Foreign Service Journal is open to subscrip¬ tion in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FOREIGN Copyright, 1934, by the American Foreign Service Association SERVICE SCHOLARSHIP FUND The Secretary-Treasurer of the American For¬ JOURNAL STAFF eign Service Association advises that further vol¬ untary contributions to the Association’s Scholar¬ PAUL H. ALLINC ship Fund have been received from several offices. HOWARD BUCKNELL, JR Editorial Board LOWELL C. PINKERTON — A detailed report will be published in the Jan¬ HENRY S. VILLARD J uary, 1935, issue of the JOURNAL. HERBERT S. BURSLEY _ Secretary, Editorial Board HARRY A. MCBRIDE Business Manager MAYNARD B. BARNES Treasurer ARTICLES REPRINTED FROM THE JOURNAL The American Foreign The Editors plan to prepare a file of quota¬ Service Association tions appearing in other publications of articles or parts thereof originally published in the The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and JOURNAL. voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fos¬ Readers are requested to clip quotations and tering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Serv¬ reprints and mail them to the Editorial Board. ice and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service.
Honorary President ASSISTANT CHIEFS OF THE DIVISION OF CORDELL HULL Secretary of State NEAR EASTERN AFFAIRS Honorary Vice-Presidents Mr. Paul H. Ailing has been appointed Assistant WILLIAM PHILLIPS — Under Secretary of State Chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs as of WILBUR J. CARR — Assistant Secretary of State November 19, 1934. ROBERT WALTON MOORE „ Assistant Secretary of State FRANCIS B. SAYRE Assistant Secretary of State Mr. Maynard B. Barnes, a Foreign Service officer SUMNER WELLES - Assistant Secretary of State of Class IV on detail in the Department, was desig¬ nated an Assistant Chief of that Division, effective HOMER M. BYINGTON — President November 22, 1934. RAY ATHERTON — Vice-President RUDOLF E. SCHOENFELD Secretary-Treasurer
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE JOURNAL SUBSCRIPTIONS AS GIFTS THOMAS M. WILSON, Chairman; J. P. MOFFAT, Vice- Active and Associate members of the American Chairman; J. F. SIMMONS, H. S. BURSLEY, J. F. Mc- Foreign Service Association are reminded that GURK. they may subscribe to the JOURNAL on behalf of Alternates relatives or friends at the rate of $2 per year. MAHLON F. PERKINS, RUDOLF E. SCHOENFELD A subscription to your Service magazine should prove a welcome gift, furnishing intimate news of Entertainment Committee: JOHN FARR SIMMONS, Chairman; JULIUS C. HOLMES and GEORGE R. MERRELL, JR. you, your colleagues and your interesting work. 648 News from the Department
A slight attack of laryngitis required the Secre¬ November 21. The presentation was made at the tary to absent himself from Washington for three Tavern on the Green in Central Park. weeks, which he spent at Pinehurst, North Caro¬ lina. However, the Secretary was able to main¬ The JOURNAL has received a copy of the Final tain uninterrupted contact with the Department Report of the United States George Washington and has now returned to Washington, fully re¬ Bicentennial Commission. stored in health. The volume is filled with valuable historical material so well presented that only another vol¬ ume would be adequate properly to review the According to newspaper reports from Norway, Final Report, prepared by the Honorable Sol Secretary of State Cordell Hull is spoken of as Bloom, House of Representatives. a candidate for the Nobel Prize in recognition Among the subjects covered are “The Bicenten¬ of his efforts to promote peace. nial Anniversary, February 22, 1932.” “Definitive Writings of George Washington,” “Genealogical Mrs. Ruth Shipley, Chief of the Passport Di¬ Division,” “Foreign Language Societies” (celebra¬ vision, has made a personal and enthusiastic tions), “The Planting of Memorial Trees,” tour of practically the entire United States. Her “George Washington Masonic National Memorial,” experiences ranged from first hand inspection of “Field Mass at Catholic University of America,” the situation at Hollywood to riding a day with and “Foreign Participation.” There are hundreds the Border Patrol on the Florida Coast. By in¬ of other fields covered by the report which con¬ vitation of Miss Frances Perkins, Secretary of tains more than two hundred excellent illustra¬ Labor, Mrs. Shipley accompanied her while she tions. made her speech to the San Francisco Convention If one might venture to offer any slight criti¬ of the American Federation of Labor. Among the cism of the work it would be to express regret many personalities Mrs. Shipley met on her tour that there is no index to its wealth of information. were William Jennings Bryan, Junior, and a Three Presidents of the United States served as number of Federal Judges and Clerks of Court. Chairmen of the Commission whose distinguished While in San Francisco and New Orleans she personnel included many prominent officials and attended passport fraud hearings. private citizens, of whom one w’as the Honorable R. Walton Moore, nowr Assistant Secretary of State. Mrs. Ruth Bryan Owen, Minister to Denmark, 1 hose who followed the wrork of Bloom in connec¬ who is in the United States on leave, was pre¬ tion with the Bicentennial will feel that he merited sented with a Danish flag and plaque by the Dan- the President’s letter of appreciation and congrat¬ ish-American Women’s Association in New York. ulation, reproduced in facsimile in the report.
649 I Return for Two Months
By ELMA P. LAURVIK, Clerk, Budapest
CAN you realize, dear reader, what it means to American depression and had seen around me return to the United States for home leave for during the nine years’ stay in a poor European the first time after nine years of service in a country, so much misery that I imagined, with small European country? Those who are in the fear in my heart, America as the same picture same boots might have a sympathetic under¬ of distress. I looked for the bread-lines, for the standing. people spending nights on the side walks, for The thought alone of such a trip suggests the the crowds frantically withdrawing their savings feeling of exuberation and stimulus. How much from the banks. But what the streets depicted more suggestive is the execution of the wonderful to me w'as just as good as nine years ago. Indeed, plan! they seemed even better than before by compari¬ Yes, I really have been in the United States for son to my European surroundings. two entire months which at the same time seem So I at once realized that those times when short and long as do so many things in this there were such things as bread-lines and attacks world of ours. on banks in America W'ere luckily over now, that Relatives, friends and especially impressions the time of reconstruction has begun, indeed re¬ were rushing up on me. I had to crowd into construction was well under way, and my soul those two months so many plans and impressions immediately became lighter by a hundred pounds. that they could easily fill two years. This feeling of lightness didn’t leave me for a As soon as I had stepped on to the vessel which minute during my stay at home. I realized though was to carry me to America T was in my dear that many of our countrymen had suffered great old and new world. Right then and there even losses, that many had lost their positions or their the air was different and I began to notice some jobs and had to start life anew again. But the of the changes which happened during the nine American spirit hadn’t lost any of its force or of years of my absence. its vitality and of its vigor. It was like discover¬ There I saw for the first lime two ancient ing again, with untold satisfaction, that Americans American ladies smoking cigarettes and I thought will never be dowmtrodden by the hardships of to myself: life. Their spirit w'ill always emerge from the “You didn’t do this my dear girls when last battle victorious. If ”saw you! The aim of my trip was California and so this It was “acquired taste” with them, I could gave me a chance to take a train via Washington. plainly see, and somehow those long, thin, sophis¬ For a clerk, working in the field, to go to the ticated cigarette-holders didn’t suit their ages and Department of State is like a schoolgirl stepping personalities. But they were brave about it. before the board of directors. One is impressed I must say. I was no longer surprised w'hen I and aw'ed by the idea. Well, I may say to all saw' certain American women drinking and smok¬ of my fellow'-clerks who expect to take this dive ing in public, a sight which was new to my eye. that I never have met a more cordial and kind But I had different impressions too on that board than the one to which I was introduced at first day: American efficiency and politeness sur¬ the Department. It was ever a satisfaction to me rounded me at last, smiling faces and courteous to be, even in a tiny w'ay, a part of the United manners set my spirit right, and a double por¬ States Governmental machinery. But now that I tion of the long craved for sw'eet potato set right have met face to face some of the members of my less spiritual side. the “General Staff,” this feeling of satisfaction The crow'd on the boat was, as usual, inter¬ has increased and I invite all the clerks who go national and the spirit, to my great satisfaction, on home-leave not to miss a visit to this real was so democratic that even the dogs—forming home of all of us. a second international crowd—were admitted into It was a happy feeling to board an American our circle. My favorite chum was a French bully. train again, to enjoy comforts which are luxury But I musn’t dwell so long on the ocean as in Europe hut which are the every-day possession it is really our dear land which showered me with of every American. Some of the comforts, how¬ new and pleasurable surprises. ever, were exaggerated. I found the “air-condi¬ I had heard and read so much about the tioned” diner so airy that I and my fellow-pas- 650 JHE /^ME RICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
sengers were shivering during our meals while on yet, she explained, she wouldn’t buy it, as, if it the outside the sun was shining brightly. could be sold at such a low rate, it was because But I didn’t take the clean table linen, the the company must have underpaid its employees. shiny glassware and silver, and the spotless linen She wouldn’t encourage such exploitation of hu¬ coats of the waiters for granted! It was all too man labor! The other lady in the party assured good to be true, being in such contrast to what we me that she had for the same reason refrained find in most European trains. from buying a lovely but a very cheap gown. So, it is true that there are American husbands She was tempted to buy it, but the thought that a who are afraid of their wives. Didn’t I have a dress like that could only be sold so cheaply be¬ good laugh in my berth when I heard a woman cause of underpaid labor, had prevented her from make her hubby stop drinking. making the purchase. Nowhere else in the world did I find this The comforts of my apartment in San Fran¬ attitude, nowhere would they give up a personal cisco surpassed even those on the train. Oh, how advantage for the sake of a conviction. I enjoyed the hot running water in the kitchen I have returned to my place of work with re¬ and the bathroom, the cooler, the icebox. How newed spirit and strength. But it is not to the good it was never to have to lock up anything, rest I obtained and to the joy of having seen my to leave the wash out on the lawn without fear country, my relatives and friends that I attribute that it might be stolen, to have parcels left at this alone. It is chiefly due to the spirit of cheer¬ the door and find them there without fail. To ful friendliness and good will, to the candid order everything by telephone, to have everything frankness, to the civil attitude of our compatriots. delivered a few minutes later! I regained my belief in humanity again (a feel¬ What a joy it was to ride on the smooth roads ing so easily shattered in Europe) by finding of the United States. The roads are as clean everyone at home, poor and rich alike, imbued and shiny as a waxed floor, the cars just glide by the conviction of human pride and self respect. over them. Nobody walks and the roads are jammed with cars. Lovely, cosy little houses, open lawns, a profusion of flowers in the gardens. The stores of the small villages are as clean and sanitary as those in the big cities and you see the same standard goods everywhere. And everywhere healthy, good-natured, well-fed and well-mannered crowds. The friendly care of our driver was in itself an experience. How watchful, how fatherly he was to all of us, calling us “folks” in a jovial, cordial manner. We passed colleges and saw healthy, lovely, young people playing games on the campus or walking, chatting quietly. Their clothes were neat and crisp, their eyes frank and clear, their smile genuine. We passed horse and pony farms, fancy-fish breeding places, public and private airplane fields, many cat and dog hospitals, prune and peach ranches which were being kept as well as any garden. Wealth, even luxury were to be seen everywhere and what is even better there were contented smiles on the faces and the eyes reflected good nature. My hostess, who drove the car, stopped at a filling station to get some oil. She was offered two different brands—a cheaper one and a more expensive one. She took some of the latter and Two sailfish caught off Pearl Islands by William C. Bur¬ told me her reason for doing so. The cheaper den, First Secretary at Panama, and friends. Mr. Bur¬ grade was just as good as the more expensive one den’s catch was 10 feet long and weighed 107 pounds. 651 SCANDINAVIAN POSTS quarter were Mrs. Bingham, Congressman Tink- Bergen maintains its customary silence, which, ham, Mr. and Mrs. MacMurray and Mr. Albright. contrasted with the volubility of the other five Scan¬ Copenhagen sends a good budget of news: dinavian posts, gives it an air of E. Philips Oppen- The officers and cadets of the Annapolis were en¬ heim mystery. What dark plots are hatching there, tertained by Counselor of Legation Winship and that they are so coy about their goings on? (Can Consul General Maynard wdiile they were in Copen¬ any reader supply the rest of that superb verse on hagen, August 13 to 18. the death of an eastern potentate which begins Vice Consul J. Stanford Edwards left September with, “What, what,' what—what’s the news from 15, on home leave. He will spend most of the Swat?” and ends with “the Ahkoon of Swat is time with his family in New York. not”?) Consul General and Mrs. Maynard spent the month of July motoring in Germany, Holland and Goteborg’s turnip yielded just enough juice to Belgium en route to France. On their return to escape the newsgatherer’s further attempts at ri¬ Copenhagen they brought with them their two chil¬ baldry. That post appears in the news this quarter dren, who had been visiting with their grandparents. due to the fact that Consul General Bevan, of Oslo, Vice Consul Julius C. Jensen spent a few days played a great—but not great enough—game of in Copenhagen visiting his wife’s family, on the way golf there on October 7th, and Consul Knowlton from Oslo to Stuttgart, to which post he has been V. Hicks left Goteborg for his new post, Budapest, transferred. in September. They also opened the new State Consul General Maynard was host to an “old Theatre there on September 29th, “the most mod¬ timer” gathering at his home on October 17th. First ern theatre in Europe.” Secretary of Embassy, George C. Hanson, whose Stockholm’s news is heavy with departures. The hospitality he shared in Swatow, China, twenty- Minister will go to Washington about the first of two years ago, was there. Consul General Marion November, but leaves his family behind as hos¬ Letcher, retired, late of Antwerp, who shared an tages for an early return. The Consul General and office with him in the Department 16 years ago, was Mrs. Davis (The Colorado Davises) started for also present. Counselor of Legation North Win- Shanghai via Washington on September 9th. Vice ship, whose acquaintance he made in Paris ten Consul and Mrs. Maffit will leave for home on years ago, was at the party. Consul Harold Shantz, October 27th. The quarter’s visitors included Con¬ who served with him in Singapore in 1930, was one sul Shantz and Vice Consul Waller, of Moscow; of the younger old timers. Mr. Bernard Paulson. Disbursing Officer at Istan¬ Secretary Hanson stopped in Copenhagen en route bul: Mr. Axel Oxholm, Chief Forest Products Di¬ to the United States from his post in Moscow, and vision, and Mr. Carrington Gill, of the Federal Consul Shantz was on leave. Emergency Relief Administration. A study of the Consul General Samuel W. Honaker passed map and other data indicates that the new Consul through Copenhagen on his way from Scotland, General, Mr. Addison E. Southard, may or may not where he has been stationed, to his new post at reach Stockholm in time to enjoy a Swedish Christ¬ Stuttgart. mas. Mr. and Mrs. Letcher were home guests of Consul Among callers at the Legation at Stockholm this General and Mrs. Maynard wTiile on visit to their 652 old post at Copenhagen. The Maynards were hosts The outstanding event of August and for 1934 to the Letcher’s old friends at a tea at which eighty in Finnish-American social relations was the visit people were present. of the U. S. S. Minneapolis to Helsingfors. This Mr. Garret G. Ackerson, Sr., father of Vice Con¬ brand-new American cruiser spent five days in the sul Garret G. Ackerson, Jr., spent several weeks in most Northern capital of the world, during which Copenhagen visiting his son and family. Mrs. Ack¬ time there was a continual round of social activities erson and the two children returned with her father- too numerous to report here. The cruiser, its offi¬ in-law to the United States for a short visit. cers and men made a splendid impression in Hel¬ Vice Consul Laurence W. Taylor spent his leave singfors and its visit to this city will long he re¬ visiting Norway and Sweden by automobile with membered. Mrs. Taylor and his father, John L. Taylor, of San There has been a continual series of comings and Francisco. goings at the Legation-Consulate. Foreign Service Miss Harts, who has been a member of the Con¬ Officer and Mrs. Latimer are in the United States sulate General seven years, was married October on leave. Consul General and Mrs. Goold and 21st to Mr. Carl Mogenses, who is the General their family arrived in Helsingfors the latter Agent of the Cunard White Star Line in Copen¬ part of September, and are now busy looking for a hagen. home. Mr. Fullerton, Second Secretary, left on Oslo’s contribution this quarter follows: October 1 for Paris, bis new post. Minister Al¬ Evidence of Norway’s bright departed for the increasing popularity United States on home with American travelers leave October 15. Mr. is shown in a recent CHRISTMAS IN SCANDINAVIA Thomasson, clerk of Le¬ press release w h i c h BY WALTER G. NELSON, U.S.P.H.S., gation at Addis Ababa, states that more than Oslo has been appointed to 100,000 tourists visited Helsingfors and is ex¬ rULETiDE finds me overseas, pected to arrive the end Norway this summer. In this north land of Christmas trees, While the majority were Where spruce and fir and lofty pine, of October. English, Americans Present the eye a picture fine; Among visitors to were in second place. For each and every graceful bough Helsingfors during re¬ Is draped with snowy ermine now. Most of the ships cruis¬ And all the world that comes to sight, cent months, who called ing to the North Cape Is blanketed with downy white. at the Legation-Consu¬ put in at Oslo for short late were: Will Rogers, When Christmas nears, all those who roam, visits, and members of Are eager to be turning home, Vice Consuls Murray, the American colony To be with friends and loved-ones dear, Kock, Cherp and Wal¬ were to be seen showing And join with them in Christmas cheer. ler, all of the Moscow the sights of the city to But since ’tis so that I must stay Consulate General; Mr. In distant lands on Christmas Day, Sayre, Assistant Secre¬ friends from the “home What second choice could better please town.” Than this fair land of Christmas Trees? tary of State; Congress¬ The Westminster man Tinkham, of Mas¬ Choir visited Oslo from A A A. A A - ■ A A A A A A , sachusetts, and Consul September 14 to 17 and Ward, from Moscow. gave a series of three concerts, which were enthu¬ I Three hands being raised at the back of the room, siastically received. The choir was entertained at The Helsingfors Monitor also acknowledges the tea on September 14 by the American Minister and presence of Consul Bower and Vice Consul Sig- Mrs. Philip. mond from Stockholm for a day, and Consul Mr. and Mrs. Marion Letcher arrived in Oslo to Shantz, en route back to Moscow.) visit old friends. Mr. Letcher was stationed in Oslo in 1918-19, and was welcomed at the Consu¬ late General by members of the staff who had served under him. MEXICO CITY Vice Consul and Mrs. Julius C. Jensen left Oslo The Consulate General has recently had the plea¬ by motor for Copenhagen, where they will visit sure of welcoming Consul Alexander K. Sloan, who Mrs. Jensen’s parents before proceeding to their has been assigned to this post, and who was later new post, Stuttgart. joined by his sister, Mrs. Jamison. Assistant Trade Helsingfors, bragging as usual about being the Commissioner and Mrs. Robert H. Henry have also largest or farthest or smallest something, sends in recently arrived in Mexico City, where Mr. Henry the following items: will assist Commercial Attache Thomas H. Lockett. 653 JHE AMERICAN fOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL
BELFAST ALICANTE Congressman George Holden Tinkham, of Mas¬ Former Minister Charles C. Eberhardt, who has sachusetts, a member of the House Committee on been visiting Spain, passed through Alicante on his Foreign Affairs, made a “flying” visit to Belfast in way from Malaga to Barcelona. Traveling on a the latter part of October. He arrived here by Spanish coastwise steamer, he arrived on the morn¬ Commercial Airways plane from London, then ing of July 19th. visited the Consulate and various proceeded to Dublin by railroad, and returning points of interest in the city, and left the same day here two days later, took off for London by air, for his destination. to complete the final stage of an extensive trip through Europe which began last July and has BARCELONA been made almost entirely by Commercial Air¬ Consul Lynn W. Franklin and his family reached ways services of various countries. Barcelona on September 21 and were soon after¬ Mr. Larry Rue, journalist and aviator, author ward presented to the Anglo-American colony at of “Flying for News,” who has been visiting Ire¬ a delightful reception given by Consul General and land as representative of the New York Daily Mrs. Dawson. News, spent a short time in Belfast lately visiting Vice Consul and Mrs. Braddock and infant son points of interest. “Danito,” returned the early part of October from The international team of the “Oxford Group home leave. Movement,” which spent about a fortnight in North¬ Together with his family, Consul Cross is spend¬ ern Ireland in October, comprised a number of ing a month of local leave in a comprehensive mo¬ Americans. tor tour of Spain. Consul General Memminger, who is a keen golfer, Philip Raine, of the Legation at Asuncion, is vis¬ is working hard to get down to scratch and bids iting Barcelona for several weeks before returning fair to emulate his well-known tennis and bad¬ to his post. minton exploits. During the course of the revolutionary dis¬ F. C. G. turbances of early October, the Consulate General was in the center of sniping activities. A bullet passed through the seal outside the Consul Gen¬ BILBAO eral's office. Fortunately, the Consul General was Consul William E. Chapman, accompanied by momentarily outside of his office when the bullet Mrs. Chapman, passed a very enjoyable holiday passed through, for his desk was directly on the during September and October on simple leave of line of its trajectory. The staff of the office re¬ absence in Central Europe. Among the countries mained on duty during the several days’ disturb¬ they visited were France, Switzerland, Germany, ances and manifested exemplary calmness and de¬ Hungary and Italy. votion to duty throughout, giving preferred atten¬ Vice Consul and Mrs. Gaines returned to Bilbao tion to telephone and other inquiries from alarmed during September from a leave of absence in the tourists and other Americans in Barcelona. United States, dividing their time between Georgia The American Club of Barcelona recently inau¬ and California. gurated its monthly series of luncheons at the Ritz, the Consul General and other officers of the Con¬ sulate assisting. BUDAPEST Commercial Attache and Mrs. Alexander Dye, CHERBOURG Professor Graham H. Stuart, of Stanford Univer¬ Consul and Mrs. Lawrence S. Armstrong and sity, and Consul and Mrs. Robert Longyear, being their young son, of Tunis, arrived in Cherbourg recent visitors to Budapest, were the picnic guests October 15th en route to their post after leave of Mr. and Mrs. James B. Stewart on September of absence in the United States. They were 30th. Other guests were Vice Consul and Mrs. able to visit the consular office and to see some¬ Overton G. Ellis and Vice Consul Ernest V. Polut- thing of Cherbourg before continuing their jour¬ nik. The party motored to Mezkovesd for the ney. quaint wine harvest festival and en route stopped Consul and Mrs. C. Porter Kuykendall returned in the hills for a weenie roast, each person, with to Cherbourg on the S. S. Bremen, arriving early a forked branch, doing his own roasting. in the morning of October 25th. It was possible Consul and Mrs. William E. Chapman, from for Mr. Kuykendall to resume charge of the Cher¬ Bilbao, and Vice Consul Leslie Gordon Mayer, bourg Consulate promptly at the opening for busi¬ from Riga, were in Budapest recently. ness that day. 654 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
PEIPING departure of the affianced couple for Connecticut in As usual, during the summer months few For¬ opposite directions. After assignments at pleasant eign Service visitors were entertained at Legation posts in Europe and South America, it was City. In September, however, the pilgrims began not until after a series of houseboat excur¬ to arrive. Among those present were Admiral Up- sions on the muddy Whangpoo, that Julius ham and his staff, Mrs. Cabot Coville, Vice Con¬ finally decided it was time for him to settle sul Robert M. Taylor, Consul and Mrs. Richard P. down. Consul Muccio and Vice Consul Cooke Butrick and Consul and Mrs. David C. Berger. have had a similar variety of assignments and The Butrick and Berger daughters, whose births gone on similar excursions; but it is apparently occurred not so long ago, were also on hand. for Africa or Australia to produce a post with the necessary conditions for analogous reaction. ISTANBUL Ambassador and Mrs. Robert P. Skinner have CANTON returned to Istanbul from a vacation in Paris. Consul J. Hall Paxton reports that the summer Ambassador Skinner and Diplomatic Secre¬ at Canton was a story of leaves and ladies; of tary Robert D. Coe went to Ankara for the an¬ leaves falling (due) and expiring; of ladies de¬ nual celebrations on October 29 commemorating parting and returning; of separation and reunion. the founding Ann Pax- of the Turk- t o n was is h Repub¬ heard to lic. They complain joined Coun- after return¬ s e 1 o r G. ing fro m Howland home leave, Shaw, wh o that she had is at Ankara hoped for a for the win¬ pleasure ter months. tour and got Miss Lu¬ instead a cille L. Race, consular in¬ Secretary to spection trip. the Ambas¬ Hall called sador, and at 17 consu¬ M iss Marie lar offices E. Johnson, during the of the Em¬ course of bassy staff, their tour. paid a visit to B r u s a. NAPLES Their jour¬ October 1, ney took 19 3 4, was them up the AMERICAN EMBASSY, ISTANBUL l h e official Sea of Mar¬ opening date mora by boat to Yalova, thence up the mountain of the Mostra di Arte Coloniale at the Castello to Brusa, by bus. Maschio Angioino. The Mostra was officially The members of the Turkish-American Claims opened by His Majesty the King of Italy, and at¬ Commission departed for the United States around tended by His Royal Highness the Prince of Pied¬ the first of November. mont, the Officers of the Court, the Knights of Mrs. John A. Crane, the wife of Lieutenant Malta and Holy Sepulchre, and many other digni¬ Colonel Crane, Military Attache, has departed for taries. Consul General du Bois attended as repre¬ the United States. sentative of the United States. The Exhibition stretches all round and inside the SHANGHAI Castle, in which there is a collection of paintings Outstanding among the events of the summer on Italian Colonial subjects. Of particular inter¬ and early autumn at Shanghai were the announce¬ est is the Castle itself which has been restored to ment of Vice Consul Julius Wadsworth’s engage¬ the fine Gothic lines which it had when it was origi- ment to Miss Cleome Carroll and the subsequent (Continued to page 680) 655 Foreign Service Changes
The following changes have occurred in the the American Consulate General, Seoul, Chosen, Foreign Service since October 15, 1934, and up to appointed American Vice Consul at that post. November 15, 1934: Robert C. Coudray of Newport, Rhode Island, Knox Alexander of Independence, Mo., American American Vice Consul at Swatow, China, appoint¬ Consul at Cienfuegos, Cuba, assigned Consul at ed American Vice Consul at Canton, China. Moncton, Canada. Nathaniel P. Davis of Princeton, New Jersey, Charles E. Allen of Maysville, Ky., American now temporarily detailed to the Department of Consul at Istanbul, Turkey, assigned American State, appointed a Secretary in the Diplomatic Consul at Gibraltar. Service of the United States and American Consul George Alexander Armstrong of New York City, General and detailed for duty as Foreign Service Second Secretary of Embassy at Berlin, Germany, Inspector. assigned American Consul at Kingston, Jamaica. Allan Dawson of Des Moines, Iowa, Second Sec¬ retary of Legation at Bogota, Colombia, temporar¬ George Atcheson, Jr., of Berkeley, California, ily detailed at the Legation at Managua, Nicaragua, American Consul at Tientsin, China, assigned Con¬ sul at Nanking, China. assigned to the Department of State for duty. C. Burke Elbrick of Louisville, Kentucky, Third George Atcheson, Jr., of Berkeley, California, Secretary of Legation at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, as¬ w'ho has been assigned as American Consul at signed as American Vice Consul at Port-au-Prince Nanking, China, has also been designated Second to serve in a dual capacity. Secretary of Legation. Willard Galbraith of Los Angeles, California, David C. Berger of Gretna, Va., American Con¬ American Vice Consul at Sao Paulo, Brazil, now in sul at Tsingtao, China, assigned Consul at Tien¬ the United States, designated Third Secretary of tsin, China. Legation and American Vice Consul at Tegucigalpa, Earl Brennan of Westmoreland, N. H.. Ameri¬ Honduras. can Vice Consul at Winnipeg, Canada, assigned Charles M. Gerrity of Scranton, Pa., American Vice Consul at Regina. Vice Consul at Regina, Canada, appointed Vice Carl Breuer of Locust Valley, Long Island, Consul at Bombay, India. American Vice Consul at Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Stanley Hawks of Port Washington, N. Y., Sec¬ designated Third Secretary of Legation at Port-au- ond Secretary of Embassy at Mexico City, desig¬ Prince to serve in a dual capacity. nated Second Secretary of Legation at Bern, Switz¬ John Id. Bruins of Voorheesville, New York, erland. American Consul at Hamburg, Germany, assigned Joseph E. Jacobs of Johnston, South Carolina, as American Consul at Prague, Czechoslovakia. who has been detailed for duty as Foreign Service Selden Chapin of Erie, Pennsylvania, Third Sec¬ Inspector, has been appointed a Secretary in the retary of Legation at Quito, Ecuador, designated Diplomatic Service of the United States and Ameri¬ Third Secretary of Legation at Port-au-Prince, can Consul General. Haiti. (Assignment to San Salvador as Third Frank C. Lee of Salida. Colorado, American Con¬ Secretary of Legation, previously reported, can¬ sul General at Prague, Czechoslovakia, assigned to celed.) the American Embassy at Berlin, Germany, where Thomas J. Cole of Cincinnati, Ohio, now a clerk he will serve as First Secretary of Embassy. in the American Embassy at Istanbul, Turkey, Andrew' G. Lynch of Utica, N. Y., Third Secre¬ appointed American Vice Consul at Geneva, Switz¬ tary of Legation and American Vice Consul at erland. Bangkok, Siam, assigned Vice Consul at Jerusalem. Ralph Cory of Tacoma, Washington, a clerk in Dayle C. McDonough of Kansas City, Mo., 656 Buy American 1 Banking Service If the quality is as good or better, For Foreign Service Officers the price as low or lower, and if equally convenient, certainly yes; buy American goods and service. To members of the For¬ AS TO INSURANCE eign Service stationed at their various posts of duty a bank¬ a. On your household goods dur¬ ing shipment we offer policies at rates ing connection in Washington, we guarantee no higher than similar D. C., ofttimes proves in¬ policies of foreign underwriters, and valuable. you have only to fill out the blanks on file at your Consulate, or, easier yet, The American Security and write us a letter, giving the value, Trust Company located in destination, approximate date and Washington has for forty- route of your shipment. four years served among b. On your goods in your resi¬ other clients many distin¬ dence (and also during shipment) guished persons in the For¬ and personal baggage taken on jour¬ neys, our unique Government Service eign Service. Policy covers fire, theft and other risks at 2 per cent per year. Through modern facilities c. On baggage, jewelry and furs the American Security is pre¬ all risks, and on silverware, we offer pared to render a dependable special policies. banking and trust service. AS TO PACKING AND SHIPPING AMERICAN SECURITY Security (steel) lift vans, if avail¬ able, are most economical because 1 ° AND TKTJSTT COMPANY'-* | the cubic tare is less than in any 15TH AND PENNSYLVANIA AVE. others, and they provide the utmost WASHINGTON, D. C. protection and convenience.
CAPITAL $3,400,000 SURPLUS $3,400,000 $toragp (Jorapang MEMBER OP FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM of UJashingfon 1140 Fifteenth Street, Washington The Security Storage Company was established in 1890 as the Storage Department of the American Security & A safe depository for 44 years Trust Co. and is still closely associated with that com¬ pany. The Northwest Branch of the American Security & Trust Co. is in the building of the Security Storage Co. at 1140 Fifteenth Street. European Office: 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, Paris 657 American Consul at Bombay, India, assigned American Consul General at Guayaquil, Ecuador. John H. MacVeagh of New York City, Second Secretary of Legation and American Consul at Monrovia, Liberia, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at Mexico City. H. Gordon Minnegerode of Washington, D. C., Third Secretary of Legation and American Vice Consul at Tegucigalpa, Honduras, designated Third Secretary and Vice Consul at Bangkok, Siam. Maxwell K. Moorhead of Pittsburgh, Pa., Ameri¬ can Consul General at Johannesburg, Union of South Africa, assigned as American Consul Gen¬ eral at Istanbul, Turkey. Frank T. Reuter of Pennsylvania, Acting Con¬ sular Agent at Cruz Grande, Chile, appointed American Consular Agent at that post. William P. Snow of Washington, D. C., a clerk in the District Accounting and Disbursing Office at Paris, France, appointed American Vice Con¬ sul at that post to continue to serve in the District Accounting and Disbursing Office. Richard L. Sprague of Massachusetts, American Consul at Gibraltar, died at his post October 16, 1934. Francis Bowden Stevens of Schenectady, N. Y., American Vice Consul at Warsaw, Poland, assigned Vice Consul and Language Officer at Paris, France. Sheridan Talbott of Bardstown, Ky., American Consul at Prague, Czechoslovakia, assigned as American Consul at Santiago, Cuba. Girvan Teall of New York, American Vice Con¬ sul at Edmonton, Canada, appointed Vice Consul at Winnipeg. John Carter Vincent of Macon, Georgia, Ameri¬ can Consul at Dairen, Manchuria, assigned as American Consul at Nanking, China. Hernan C. Vogenitz of Newcomerstown, Ohio, American Vice Consul at Moncton, Canada, ap¬ pointed Vice Consul at Cienfuegos, Cuba. Henry S. Waterman of Seattle, Washington, American Consul at Sheffield, England, assigned Consul at Bombay, India. Eric C. Wendelin of Quincy, Mass., American Vice Consul at Habana, Cuba, designated Third Secretary of Embassy at Madrid, Spain. David Williamson of Colorado Springs, Colo¬ rado, Second Secretary of Legation at Bern. Switz¬ erland, assigned to the Department of State for duty. Orme Wilson of New York City, First Secretary of Embassy at Berlin, Germany, assigned to the Consulate General at Prague, Czechoslovakia, where he will serve as American Consul General, 658 VISITING OFFICERS The following officers and clerks called at the Department on leave or en route to their posts dur¬ ing the past month, their names being taken from Picture-Making With a Purpose the Register in Room 115, Department of State: DATE OF REGISTRATION October J. Stanford Edwards, Copenhagen, on leave in Laurel, Md 15 Rudolph W. Hefti, Kaunas, on leave in Plainfield, N. J. _ - 16 Parker W. Buhrman, Cologne, on leave in Coving¬ ton, Va. 17 H. Merle Cochran, Paris, sailing November 7 19 Mary Coffey, Habana, on leave in San Francisco 20 George Orr, Caracas, on leave in Atlantic City 22 Clay Merrell, Hamilton, Bermuda, on leave in Elk City, Oklahoma 23 Nathaniel P. Davis, reporting for duty 23 Ernest L. Eslinger, Paris, on leave in Knoxville, Tenn , 23 Norris Rediker, Bombay, on leave in Minneapolis 25 Charles A. Bay, Rome, on leave in Columbus, Ohio 25 Homer M. Byington, Inspector, on leave in Nor¬ walk. Conn. 25 Walter A. Foote, Department, sailing November 15 for Batavia 26 Joseph Flack, Berlin, sailing November 7 — - 26 Mildred Tiderman, Bern, on leave in Wilmette, 111. 26 J. E. Jacobs. Inspector, on leave in Florence, S. C. 26 Photograph by E. E. Iluohler Margaret Denchfield, Mexico City, on leave 26 Fletcher Warren, Managua, on leave in Wolfe Indian Carnival Dancers at a Bolivian Festival City, Texas ... 26 John W. Bailey, Jr., Buenos Aires, on leave in Austin, Texas 29 Your Photographs Can Promote Malcolm C. Burke, Hamburg, on leave in Univer¬ sity, Alabama 29 the Friendship of Nations Renwick S. McNiece, Vigo, on leave in Pasadena 29 Gerald A. Mokma, Antwerp, sailing November 2 ... 30 Will L. Lowrie, Consul General, Retired, Alexan¬ This is the month of Christmas. In festival and song, men and nations are being brought together dria, Va. .... 30 in that spirit of good will and mutual understand¬ Julius Wadsworth, Shanghai, returning to post . 30 ing that The Geographic fosters throughout the Edmund J. Dorsz, Kobe, on leave in Detroit 31 year by timely pictures and telling prose. November Edward Anderson, Jr., Montreal, on leave in New You, as a member of the Foreign Service, may York ._ 1 contribute to international friendship by sending us Nelson Trusler Johnson, Peiping, on leave in pictures of the fascinating lands you visit, and Washington .___ 1 thereby help to interpret the peoples of the world Edward Albright, Helsingfors, on leave in Gallatin, to each other. Your photographs, published in The Tenn. ... __ 2 Geographic, will enable a million families on six William P. Cochran, Jr., Mexico City, on leave in continents to visualize the everyday life of places Wayne, Pa. 2 they may never see. J. H. Keeley, Montreal, on leave in Washington... 3 We suggest you send us your photographs and Hernan C. Vogenitz, Cienfuegos, Cuba, en route to travel stories promptly for our consideration. Liberal post . 5 payment is made for all material accepted. We Earl Brennan, Regina, Canada, en route to post.. 5 shall be glad to mail you a useful, illustrated book¬ Charles B. Perkins, Havre, on leave in Wakefield, let fully describing the type of picture we desire. R. I. 6 It will help you to improve your photography and W. P. Shockley, Jr., Leghorn, on leave in Tenafly, also develop that unique pictorial sense that makes N. J 6 Geographic pictures famous. Ralph J. Totten, Pretoria, on leave in Washington 7 William W. Corcoran, Kingston, Jamaica, on leave 7 Robert P. Joyce, Panama, on leave in Washington . 8 The National Geographic Magazine W. T. Turner, Tokyo, on leave 8 Paul Dean Thompson, Milan, sailing November 16 9 GILBERT GROSVENOR, LITT.D., LL.D., Editor John B. Keteham, Taihoku, on leave in Washington 9 Ralph Miller. Montevideo, on leave in New York 10 Washington, D. C. E. L. Brist, St. Stephen, N. B., on leave 12 Hyman Goldstein, Mexico City, on leave 12 659 On the ( on rse of Events
By HENRY L. DEIMEL, JR., Department of State
THE first of a new series of Supreme Court ver¬ shipping goods from warehouses to stores. Twenty- dicts on questions arising out of the current two hundred employees with a weekly payroll of readjustment of social institutions in the United $60,000 were thus thrown out of work. While the States appeared in the form of a decision delivered company’s stocks were being shipped from the early in November by Justice Cardozo, in which city, and the president of the company declared that the New York State milk-control law was upheld it would never return, the National Industrial La¬ a second time. A New York milk wholesaler had bor Board was called in to mediate, and achieved contended that the minimum prices officially set a swift success when on November 3 reopening of had become in fact maximum prices under which the stores was assured by the acceptance by both he could not make money, so that he was deprived parties of an agreement involving immediate call¬ of his property without due process of law. The ing off of the strike which precipitated the closing court in its decision, while refusing to pass judg¬ of the stores, immediate reopening of the latter and ment upon the merits of the particular price-fixing reinstatement of all employees without discrimina¬ methods adopted, holding this to be a tion, affirmation by the company of its willing¬ matter with which the courts are not ness to meet with committees of the unions con¬ concerned, and stating that if the price cerned for purposes of collective bargaining and fixing orders “are not arbitrary fiats, notification by the company to all its Cleveland the court will stand aloof,” established employees “that the company has no objection to the important principle that prices so their affiliating with any union and will in no man¬ fixed do not have to be set at a level ner discriminate against them for joining a union which will assure profits to all con¬ or any other union activity,” and stipulations against cerned. union coercion or intimidation to compel any man “True of course it is,” the decision states, to join a union, and against strike or lockout in “that the weaker members of the group (the the event of differences over the agree¬ marginal operators or even others above the margin) may find themselves unable to keep ment, which are to be submitted to arbi¬ pace with the stronger, but it is their com¬ tration. As the company had claimed parative inefficiency, not tyrannical compul¬ that the unions were seeking to intimi¬ sion, that makes them laggard in the race.” date its employees into joining against Thus the fourteenth amendment to the their will, and the unions had been Constitution is not held to insure a busi¬ claiming discrimination by the company ness against the hazards of competition, nor is offi¬ against employees for joining in union cial price-fixing required to set such prices as will activity, the agreement seems designed be sure to keep even the least efficient in business. to clarify the actual facts in dispute and If, as seems not unlikely, official price-fixing is des¬ to deal with them in fair and orderly tined to play an increasing part in those activities manner. in which the system of laissez-faire has been con¬ An important step in adjustment to spicuously inadequate, the foregoing decision current trends was taken by the Ameri¬ should prove to be of considerable significance. can Federation of Labor at its national Problems of industrial relations have been less convention in San Francisco, when on prominent in recent weeks, few of the current dis¬ October 2 it voted to encourage unions putes receiving front-page attention. An exception of industrial or vertical type in the mass produc¬ was a controversy over unionization of employees tion industries such as automobile, cement and in the Cleveland stores of one of the principal na¬ aluminum manufacturing where the line of demar¬ tion-wide grocery chains; developing as a matter cation between crafts is thin or non-existent. While of local import, this dispute suddenly flared into the form and structure of the existing A. F. of prominence when the company closed its three L. unions organized along the traditional craft hundred stores in that city on October 27 on the lines is not affected, the federation by this decision, ground that it was being prevented by pickets from (Continued to page 663) 660 Try a Floating* Ride on Ciisliion-Soft Airwheels
* Attractive lines—speed—comfort—these are the outstanding features of the new motor cars. They ride smoothly, accelerate quickly and be¬ cause of a greater reservoir of power, they are amazingly effective in emergencies. Yet these same cars ride even more smoothly—and with greater safety—on Airwheel Tyres.
Big, soft and comfortable, Airwheels leave no strain in all day driving, no exhaustion. A wide, flat tread gives more road contact, more trac¬ tion, more safety. They hug the road on curves, permit higher speeds—and their low pressure makes blowouts almost impossible. They add beauty to all cars.
Motorists everywhere are interested in Airwheels, as they prolong the life of old cars and make new cars the cynosure of envious eyes. It is easy to changeover to Airwheel Tyres—and in¬ expensive, too. See your Goodyear Dealer now.
mm&rn WWfiWii THE WORLD OVER MORE PEOPLE RIDE ON GOODYEAR TYRES THAN ANY OTHER MAKE iff THE AMERICAN FOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL
MARRIAGES Stone-Whelchel. Married on September 19, 1934, John F. Stone and Miss Mary Garland Whelchel. Mr. Stone is American Vice Consul at Warsaw. Thoughts of Kuniholm-Robellet. Mr. Bertel E. Kuniholm and Miss Berthe E. Robellet were married at Len¬ ingrad, U. S. S. R., on August 27, 1934. Air. Kuniholm is Third Secretary of Embassy at WASHINGTON Moscow. Corcoran-Parsons. Married at Kingston, Ja¬ maica, on October 26, 1934, Consul William War¬ wick Corcoran and Miss Dulcie Guildford Parsons.
FOREIGN Service BIRTHS Officers Have A Particular Born at Bucharest on November 3, 1934, twin Interest In The Many daughters, Linda Dekum and Mary Francesca, to Activities of Government. Vice Consul and Mrs. Sheldon T. Mills. A son, Philip Woodhull Ernst, was born to Mr. • When next you visit and Mrs. Philip Ernst on August 1, 1934, at Teheran, where Mr. Ernst is attached to the The Capital, stay at the insti¬ American Legation. tution where international per¬ Born at Marseille on July 28, 1934, to Vice sonages reside and great events Consul and Mrs. Tyler Thompson, a son, Tyler occur. Hunt Thompson. Thomas Craig Fox, a son, was born to Mr. and Single Rooms from $4 Mrs. Ray Fox on October 24, 1934, at Olney, Double Rooms from $6 Maryland. Mr. Fox is American Consul at Habana. A son, Richard Harold Tewell, was born at Subject to a Diplomatic Habana on October 8, 1934, to Consul and Mrs. Discount Harold S. Tewell. IN MEMORIAM
The JOURNAL announces, with deep regret, the death of Mr. J. Coleman Drayton, father of Mrs. William Phillips, at Newport, Rhode Island, on November 11, 1934. Undersecretary and Mrs. Phillips attended the funeral service at Newport on November 13, 1934.
The JOURNAL deeply regrets to report the death of Vice Consul Alfredo L. Demorest, who passed away on November 15, at Trinidad, where he has served since 1921. The following telegram has been received by the Department from the Governor of Trinidad: “I desire to express to you on behalf of my¬ self and people of this Colony our deep regret at death of Vice Consul Captain Demorest, who had gained affection and respect of entire com¬ munity.” During the World War, Mr. Demorest served as a First Lieutenant in the United States Army from 1918 to 1919. He also served as As¬ sistant Military Attache at Rio de Janeiro. 662 ^HE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
ON THE COURSE OF EVENTS Consumer Goods Industries Textiles - - - (Continued from page 660) - 77 81 64 Food products . 102 106 120 in the words of John L. Lewis, of the United Mine Leather and shoes 98 96 88 Workers, Tobacco Manufactures 128 126 125 “adapts itself to the changed requirements of modern in¬ The more detailed data for industrial employment dustry and undertakes in a practical way the definite task show that while the seasonally adjusted index of of bringing into the federation some millions of workers hitherto unorganized.” employment in the wearing apparel industry rose The NRA code for the automobile industry was from 92 in August to 93 in September, that for again renewed for three months to February 1, the textile fabrics (affected by the strike) fell from 89 President ordering at the same lime an inquiry to 63. looking toward improvements in the condition of Among the elements in the more recent period labor in the industry with a view to deciding reported in the weekly issues of the Department of whether the public hearing desired by the unions Commerce’s Survey of Current Business are a revival but not by the managements will be necessary. As of textile activity following the strike settlement, a this point, as well as the so-called “merit clause” moderate but fairly well sustained rise in steel mill which in this code is attached to the declaration of activity, and a sustained level of retail sales. In the the right to organize for collective bargaining (as most recent issue (November 8) it is remarked that specified by section 7a of the act), are matters of “Current statistics show mixed trends, with apparently little change in the aggregate volume of business activity. contention in the industry, and as the peak of the As October usually marks the high point of the fall rise in next period of high production is anticipated to production and primary distribution, the movement over include the first of February next, the question of the next few weeks will be particularly significant. The renewal of the code at that date may present a crit¬ delayed start in the fall improvement, the reduction in ical situation. An endeavor to smooth out the peaks stocks, and the favorable state of retail sales are factors militating against any marked change in a downward and dips of automotive production, with a view to direction at this time.” correcting the anomaly of wage rates of as much as ten dollars a day and average annual earnings The sustained level of retail sales in the third below $900 is understood to be favored by the quarter of 1934 is indicated in the following tabu¬ President as a remedy in this industry and others lation of the Federal Reserve Board’s seasonally ad¬ similarly situated, as in the building industry where justed index of department store sales for July, Au¬ high hourly rates keep labor costs high and low ac¬ gust attd September in comparison with the same tivity keeps annual labor incomes low. months in 1933, with the adjusted index of produc¬ Prospects for the expected moderate revival of tion added in parentheses by way of contrast: industrial activity over the winter remain somewhat Index oj Department Store Sales and of Factory produc¬ tion (1923-25 average equals 100) indefinite. The Federal Reserve Board data on fac¬ 1933 1934 tory activity, particularly employment and payrolls, July 70 (101) 73 (74) show a more pronounced decline from August to August 77 (91) 79 (72) September than from July to August, as the follow¬ September 70 (84) 76 (69) ing tabulation of the indices shows: A strong factor in the maintenance of this retail July Aug. Sept. sales activity is probably to be looked for in the Production of manufactures 74 72 69 increase in fanners’ income from marketings and Factory employment - 79 79 74 AAA payments, which are estimated by the Depart¬ Factory payrolls (not seas, adj.) 60 62 58 ment of Agriculture to have amounted to the fol¬ Examination of the indices of production for indi¬ lowing totals for the same months of 1933 and 1934 vidual industries shows that the decline was largely (AAA payments, which are included, are also sep¬ concentrated in the textile industry, which was af¬ arately shown in parentheses) : fected by the textile strike of the first three weeks Farmers’ Income from Marketings and the AAA (Millions of September, and in the automobile industry, in of Dollars) which the peak of production is well over for the 1933 1934 year. For the eight groups of industries for which July 480 (0) 494 (31) September data are available, the seasonally ad¬ August — 413 (1) 581 (73) justed indices of production show: September 554 ( 75) 662 (76) Jan. to Sept 3,479 (76) 4,313 (329) Durable Goods Industries July August Septem The Federal Reserve Board’s seasonally adjusted Iron and Steel...... 47 38 37 Lumber Cut 29 36 32 index of construction contracts awarded remained Automobiles .... 78 61 51 at 27 in September as in August, the index for resi¬ Cement 53 48 50 dential contracts likewise remaining at 10 in both 663 months. On November 12, however, the Fed¬ the same months of 1933. General expenditures eral Housing Administration reported that in increased from 1,010 to 1.142 millions, but the the first eleven weeks of its campaign to encour¬ remainders of 400 and 1,122 millions are not fully age housing rehabilitation by means of private representative of the growth in emergency expen¬ loans under federal guarantee the total borrowed ditures owing to the change in position of the Re¬ had risen from §56,939 (in 117 loans) in the initial construction Finance Corporation. Between July 1 week to §2,350,000 (in 5,600 loans) in the first and October 31, 1933, the RFC was charged with week of November; it is reported that the campaign net expenditures of 136 millions, but in the same has also stimulated a considerable additional period of 1934 RFC receipts exceeded expenditures amount of rehabilitation financed by other means. by 125 millions. A more significant indication of A start has now been made on the second part of the trend of emergency expenditures is to be had the program by the publication of the regulations by comparing only the expenditures of the two governing the insurance of long-term mortgages, principal classes, public works and emergency re¬ with a basic maximum interest rate of 5 per cent lief, as follows: and one half of one per cent insurance fee on new Principal Emergency Expenditures, July to October (Mil¬ construction. The maximum rate for refinancing lions of Dollars) 1933 1934 existing property is slightly higher. Public Works 95 480 All in all, the situation in mid-November seems Emergency Relief 93 653 to warrant, though not yet to assure, the continued Fed. Em. Relief Admin 456 expectation of moderate improvement in activity Civil Works Adminstr. 9 over the winter, with several possible influences Emergency Consetv. Work* 93 133 which seem likely to lead to strong and sustained Drought Relief 55 recovery at a later period. Notable among these *(i. e., C.C.C. camps) influences are the prospects for residential construc¬ Even this comparison is not strictly accurate, since tion, for railway rehabilitation and improvement some of the RFC disbursements in 1933 were prob¬ (including the removal of highway level crossings ably attributable to relief of destitution through the with Federal aid and the possible development of FERA, but the comparison is as close as can be the new high-speed light trains now being experi¬ made from the daily Treasury statements and cer¬ mented with), for rejuvenation of the street rail¬ tainly indicates the predominant part which relief ways with improved equipment owing to the of unemployment plays in the increase in emer¬ crowded condition of urban automobile traffic, and gency expenditures. foreign trade revival. (Exports for the first nine Agricultural Adjustment expenditures (other months of the year totalled 1,536 millions of dol¬ than expenditures of drought relief appropriations lars in 1934 as compared with 1,085 in 1933, and as shown above) constitute a third important class imports 1,221 and 1,031 in the same periods.) of emergency expenditure, but as certain general There is also talk of the authorization of further expenditures are also attributed to the AAA, and public works, including expanded federal activity the income from processing taxes is levied to meet in low-cost housing construction which private en¬ the expense of the benefit and rental payments, the terprise has not adequately supplied. AAA account can best be shown as follows: When these factors come into full operation the Agricultural Adjustment Account, July to October (Mil- reforms in banking and investment regulation and lions of Dollars) 1933 1934 General Expenditure 117 137 in taxation, the measures for improvement of agri¬ Emergency Expenditure 21 84 cultural income and the wages, hours and employ¬ ment of industrial workers, and the measures of Total 138 221 social insurance, which are the objects of recent Processing tax revenue 58 174 and anticipated future legislation, may be expected to take hold with fuller effect. These are matters, Excess of Expenditure 80 47 however, of months rather too far ahead to influ¬ Farm Credit Administration (not in- ence greatly the immediate future, and for the pres¬ chided in AAA) 64 27 ent the Federal Treasury will continue to have to While the Treasury’s total revenues increased face a heavy burden of emergency relief. from 928 millions between July 1 and October 31, Treasury expenditures in the first four months of 1933, to 1,214 millions in the corresponding the fiscal year 1935 have been considerably greater months of 1934, this increase of 286 millions only than in the corresponding period last year: expen¬ partly offset the 845 million dollar increase in total ditures between July and October, 1934, reached expenditures. The excess of expenditures was met 2,254 millions as compared with 1,410 millions in in each period in the manner shown below: 664 Financing of Treasury excess expenditures, July to October (Millions of Dollars) Largest and fastest liners 1933 1934 Excess of expend, over receipts 482 1,040 to Less: Pub. Debt retirement negligible 89 Net gold increment and trust fund receipts, etc. 17 17 46 135 SOUTH AMERICA Net excess expenditures 465 905 General fund balance — (incr.) 50 (deer.) 770 sailing on ^atuldc XjS Increase in the public debt 512 135 In the first third of the current fiscal year the South America is an amazing, a fabulous difference between current revenues and expendi¬ * country. Every city is vastly different — tures has been principally paid out of the large every one breathlessly exciting. And the general fund balance previously accumulated in people themselves are the most gracious in the world. the Treasury; this balance, which includes the re¬ Go soon—and when you do—be sure to choose a maining 811 millions increment from gold revalu¬ fine 21,000-ton Munson liner, largest and fastest in ation after deduction of the two billion dollar ex¬ the service. The luxurious Southern Cross, Pan America, change stabilization fund, fell from 2,582 millions Western World and American Legion are being newly on June 30, 1934, to 1,811 millions on October 31. It seems probable that, since relief expendi¬ reconditioned and redecorated. They offer every facility tures are more likely to increase than to de¬ for complete ocean comfort. All cabins are outside. crease over the winter, and current revenues Luscious food. Excellent service. cannot possibly increase sufficiently to reduce the For additional information see your local agent. gap appreciably in the immediate future, further increases will soon be made in the public debt, which on October 31, 1934, stood at 27,188 MUNSON S.S. LINES millions as compared with 23,050 millions on Oc¬ 67 Wall Street, New York tober 31, 1933, and 27,053 millions on June 30, 1934. Major Treasury financing in recent months con¬ sisted of the conversion of 515 millions of certifi¬ cates of indebtedness, out of a total of 525 millions Hotel Martinique maturing on September 15, into two-year, one and FIVE BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE a half per cent notes, and conversion of 1,020 mil¬ lions out of 1,200 millions of four and a quarter SIXTEENTH STREET AT M per cent Fourth Liberty bonds which had been WASHINGTON, D. C. called on April 15 for payment October 15, into 596 millions of four-year two and a half per cent notes and 424 millions of new three and a quarter per cent ten- to twenty-year bonds. On October 15 a further billion dollars in Fourth Liberty bonds LATI Hotel of outstanding was called for payment on April 15, 1935. From time to time it is reported that plans are ‘Distinction being considered to reduce the net cost of relief and improve its long-run effect by introducing a greater 9 measure of work relief, particularly by expanding the program of establishing destitute families in SPECIAL RATES new rural communities where they can become self- To ACTIVE AND RETIRED FOREICN SERVICE supporting. While in the course of time some such OFFICERS AND THEIR FAMILIES readjustment will probably prove, if not essential, at least highly desirable for a large proportion of • the millions now subsisting on unemployment re¬ lief. the difficulty is that rehabilitation of this na¬ Write for Booklet ture requires considerably larger immediate ex¬ I.. R. HAWKTNS, Manager penditures than does simple direct relief.
665 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Surgeon F. V. Meriweather. Relieved from duty at Ellis Island, N. Y., on October 24, and assigned to duty at Oslo, Norway, for duty in the office of the American Consul, for the examination of aliens. Passed Assistant Surgeon Ralph Gregg. Re¬ lieved from duty at Dublin, Irish Free State, about November 6, and assigned to duty at Ellis Island, N. Y. Svery modern facility for the safe handling Surgeon W. G. Nelson. Relieved from duty at and care of household treasures. Oslo, Norway, about November 3, and assigned to duty at Dublin, Irish Free State, for duty in the office of the American Consul General, in connec¬ FEDERAL STORAGE tion with the examination of aliens. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY DINNER COMPANY The largest get-together dinner party of the 1707 Florida Avenue Washington American Section of the International Boundary Commission, United States and Mexico, took place on Friday evening, October 5, 1934, at Zaragoza, Chihuahua, across the Rio Grande from Ysleta, STEEL FOR SAFETY Texas. The world over every one likes The guests began to arrive at a quarter of seven and when a total of 143 had assembled, were seated the internationally known Bowling at a large table in the form of a horseshoe. Those Green steel lift vans for foreign were disappointed who thought the shape of the shipments of household effects and table indicated a convenient arrangement for hear¬ ing speeches, since one of the features of the gath¬ art objects. Carefully prepared ering was a complete absence of speech making. and loaded by expert packers, all However, the primary purpose of renewing and in¬ articles are safe from point of creasing acquaintanceships was amply fulfilled. The larger part of the guests consisted of the El origin to destination in these sealed Paso office staff and engineers from the field at steel vans. work on the Rio Grande Rectification Project. It was not difficult to distinguish between the field TRANSIT INSURANCE and office forces as the healthy, sun-burned faces of
FORWARDING AGENTS the field men showed the advisability of installing sun lamps in the El Paso office. General European Representatives PARIS LONDON BERLIN TEN YEARS AGO OFFICERS Stuart E. Griunmon and II. Dorsey Newson con¬ E. K. MORRIS HENDERSON S. DUNN tributed “Horseback Rides About Mexico City,” President Cashier accompanied by noteworthy photographs. HAROLD N. MARSH S. WEBSTER ADAMS Tice-Pres. d Counsel Superintendent “The American traveler who wants mediaeval JAMES INI. JOHNSTON A. RUSSELL BARBEE Vice-Pres. d Treasurer Asst. Treasurer romance combined with modern comfort can find H. RANDOLPH BARBEE MARIAN TRUMBULL is nowhere better than in Madrid.” Thus Augustin Secretary Asst. Secretary W. Ferrin opened his article “Madrid—Where the DIRECTORS Centuries Meet.” CHARLES S. BAKER JAMES M. JOHNSTON H. RANDOLPH BARBEE “Batik in Java,” by Rollin R. Winslow, gave the HAROLD N. MARSH history of this characteristic Javanese industry, DANIEL L. BORDEN CARROLL MORGAN explained the production processes, and described HANSON E. ELY, JR. E. K. MORRIS the various articles made in batik. According to HENRY P. ERWIN CHARLES P. STONE the writer, the word “batik” may be used as a NORMAN B. FROST CHARLES G. TREAT verb, noun or adjective. D. P. GAILLARD GRIFFITH WARFIELD
666 JHE /^MEKICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL
PROGRESS OF SCIENCE (Continued from page 637) into the sea was not the sphere itself hut rather the windows through which alone the necessary ob¬ servations could be carried on. Ordinary glass of sufficient thickness to withstand the enormous pres¬ sure would be far from sufficiently transparent, so the Thomson Research Laboratory of the General Electric Company produced three “blanks” of fused quartz eight inches in diameter and three inches thick which, in the form of discs, were polished and ground and sealed into cannon-like projections of the bathysphere. The process by which the quartz discs were developed followed years of experi¬ ment by an American scientist, Professor Elihu Thomson, and must have already existed in Jules Verne’s imagination when he wrote about his sub¬ NOT only because they’re your ships, but be¬ marine windows in “Twenty Thousand Leagues cause they provide luxuriously comfortable Under the Sea.” passage, Americans are crossing, this fall, on these modern twins . . . fastest cabin liners A few facts about the bathysphere might be of afloat. Perfect service, cuisine, and appoint¬ ments. Attractively modest fares. Offering, with interest at this point. It was invented by Dr. Otis their running mates—-the Pres. Roosevelt and Barton, Beebe’s constant associate on underwater ex¬ Pres. Harding' a weekly service to Cobh, Ply¬ mouth, Havre and Hamburg. plorations, and whichever goes down in the sphere Roosevelt Steamship Co., Inc., General Agents.
must feel as if he were being put away in a modern Main office, 1 Broadway, New York . . . offices form of solitary confinement. He must crawl in all principal world-cities. through a manhole only twenty inches in diameter, which is then hammered and bolted tight from the UNITED STATES LINES outside, and he must sit doubled up in order to leave room for cameras and other equipment. He is lowered through the water by means of a hook¬ ing device at the top of the sphere, to which steel To the Joreign Service Officers cables are attached, and the whole outfit is pro¬ vided with a wooden base, resembling a pair of sled of the United States runners, so that it will stand firm upon the ocean floor. What happens if the cables break has not ♦ been stated. There are three windows, the middle one for vis¬ THE UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND GUAR¬ ual observations and for the focusing of the camera, and two side windows for transmitting into the ANTY COMPANY puts at your disposal its serv¬ depths the light of powerful electric lamps. The ice in writing your bond. Special attention rays of these lamps, by reason of the angle at which is given to the requirements of Foreign Serv¬ the windows are placed, meet in front of the middle window and throw into brilliant illumination all ice Officers, our Washington Manager, Mr. objects within that region. The flora and fauna of Chas. R. Hooff, having specialized in this more than half a mile under the sea have been service since 1912. reported by Dr. Beebe as something fantastic and hitherto beyond the conjecture of man, and the de¬ ♦ partment of Tropical Research of the New York Zoological Society, sponsor of the expeditions, has in consequence got plenty to think about these days. UNITED STATES FIDELITY AND In the field of radio, the latest event is the whole¬ GUARANTY COMPANY sale adoption of “all-wave” reception, but the in¬ 1415 K ST., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. dustry seems to be on the verge of even more revo¬ lutionary developments. “All-wave” reception
667 means of course that in addition to getting local stations operators are able to listen with the same set to practically everything on the air, including police orders, airplane signals, transatlantic tele¬ phone gossip, ship radios, and foreign programs from almost anywhere. The new models therefore show much bigger dials, on which the wave-lengths are indicated by a large double-ended needle, and one manufacturer is marketing a “pre-selector” gadget which, with the aid of an electric clock, al¬ lows the radio set to be set in advance for various programs at different hours during the day. This device turns on the radio automatically at a given TO ANY PLACE time and turns it off when the desired program is over, so that one can he awakened in the morning IN THE WORLD! by the first strains of the setting-up exercises or lulled to sleep at the midnight music hour without Tailor-Made containers to fit each in¬ ever getting out of bed. But the public is awaiting dividual shipment are specially con¬ with particular interest the first commercial pro¬ structed in our packing rooms. We duction of “facsimile,” a close relative of television recommend this as the most economical but considered more practical. Facsimile repro¬ method by which shipments can safely be made. It reduces the risk of break¬ duction is already feasible for sending pictures age to a minimum and eliminates the or printed matter by radio, and its further im¬ shipping cost of unoccupied space often provement is expected to place it in the home sev¬ caused when the van is not made to eral laps ahead of its more complicated cousin, order. A Special Government Service insurance policy is available. television. Successful tests have been carried out of a facsimile apparatus called the “radio pen,” the receiving equipment of which had been attached FIREPROOF STORAGE to an ordinary small radio, and the concentrated study which is being given to this brand of enter¬ We also offer unsurpassed storage facili¬ ties for the safe keeping of household tainment is expected to make it a practical commer¬ furniture and personal effects of every cial matter before very long. description. Hundreds of separate Fire- A final triumph of science which may presage Proof Locked Rooms of various sizes the day when telephones, as well as radios, will be enable you to select the proper space to suit your individual requirements. standard equipment in automobiles, was demon¬ strated for the Boston police force a short time Our Foreign Agents: PITT & SCOTT, LTD. ago. A two-way radio system was installed in a London Liverpool Glasgow Havre Paris “prowl” car w'hich enables officers to converse free¬ ly with precincts and headquarters w'hile actually cruising their districts. A French-type telephone is placed in a convenient position on the instrument kanh TRANSFER panel, wffiere it can be used by the driver or his com¬ panion at will, and when the phone is lifted from the hook, the transmitter—on a different wave AND STORAGE COMPANY length from the one at headquarters—begins to function immediately. Although the use of trans¬ 920 E Street Northwest mitters having a medium-high frequency in police car work is an old story in the United States, the WASHINGTON, D. C. some 200 of these systems now in operation do not JOHN L. NEVBOLD, PRESIDENT lend themselves well to two-way communication, 7 which most police officials consider desirable. The Cable Address ' Removals' present transmitter is, therefore, operated on the ultra-high frequency corresponding to a wave length of eight meters, which is said to eliminate
668 most of the difficulties encountered in this form of radio communication. The communication range of ultra-high frequency WOODWARD & LOTHROP equipment, such as that with which the Boston police cars are being supplied, is normally limited 10th, 11th, F and G Streets to a few miles, because the signal has to be sent WASHINGTON somewhat as a beam of light and, as a result of the "A Store Worthy of The Nation’s Capital” earth’s curvature, is projected off into space not long after it leaves the transmitter. However, by means of a special pick-up receiver connected with a telephone line those precincts which are remotely located can be hooked up and complete cov¬ erage of the territory assured. While it may be far¬ fetched to suppose that any of the streamlined au¬ tomobiles now scooting around our highways will soon be equipped with facilities for two-way tele¬ phone conversations, in view of the rapidity with which we have become accustomed to other modern miracles it would be rash to affirm that such an LONG achievement is beyond the range of possibility. DISTANCE EPICURUS REDIMVUS SHOPPING Arroz Con Polio. Slowly fry a chicken in three-fourths of a cup —many people, far afield, often feel of olive oil with chopped onions, two sliced to¬ deprived of shopping facilities—but matoes, a few pieces of chopped canned pimento, really they need not, for Woodward a half of green pepper, chopped, one teaspoon¬ & Lothrop is always at their shopping ful of chopped parsley, one clove of garlic, salt service. and pepper. Cover the casserole. We particularly emphasize our Stew the neck and wings of the chicken in ENGRAVING SERVICE. It is such four or five cups of water for 25 or 30 minutes. a satisfactory service—for whether you Season with salt and pepper. have left your plate with us, and simply In a separate sauce pan boil for 15 minutes want to order cards—or whether it is six clams in as many cups of boiling water. the matter of the all-important-wed¬ Cool. Remove shells and chop clams fine. ding-invitations and announcements, Save the broth. and you want to see samples (they In a large casserole, preferably of earthen can be sent so easily)—or whether ware, heat three tablespoonfuls of lard and in it you have tired of your old stationery fry a clove of garlic, and two cups of rice, which and want to change to something has been washed previously in cold water (to smart and new (BLUE, any shade of remove starch) and dried. Fry until the rice be¬ blue is the thing now) you have simply gins slightly to brown. Immediately add the six to write us—or cable us (if the need cups of clam broth and three of chicken broth, two chopped tomatoes, one chopped onion, a cup be urgent) and your order or infor¬ of tender fresh peas, one teaspoonful of parsley mation will be filled within the short¬ chopped, salt and pepper. Cook until the rice est possible time. is soft and the broth has partially evaporated. Add the chopped clams. Thereafter heat very Address your communica¬ gently for an hour or more to intensify the flavors. tion to Mrs. Marion Tol- Serve in a large dish, placing the rice first, son, Shopping Bureau, then the chicken and decorate with circles of Woodward 8C Lothrop, fresh peas, shrimp, pimento, hearts of artichoke Washington, D. C., U. S. A. or any other colorful combination of vegetables and fish. S. B. G.
669 Abraham Lincoln in a letter of May 7, 1861, to of San Marino was established about the middle the Regent Captains of the Republic of San Ma¬ of the 4th century, A.D., by Marino, a stone- rino, thanked the Council of that State for con¬ worker who came there from Dalmatia, with a ferring citizenship upon him. group of other stone-workers and quarry-workers, Consul Charles Bridgham Hosmer, Naples, dur¬ and established a Christian colony. Throughout ing a recent visit to San Marino was shown the the ensuing turbulent centuries and down to the original by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and present date, there has been complete continuity presented with a photograph of the letter, which in the autonomy of San Marino, although natural¬ is reproduced below. ly its present system of Republican Government San Marino is a short distance from the Adri¬ has been a matter of gradual development. atic Sea, ten miles southwest of the Italian Adri¬ The text of the letter was furnished in an ar¬ atic port of Rimini. The Republic has an area ticle by Consul Joseph E. Haven, Florence, in of 38 square miles and a total present population the January, 1928, issue of the JOURNAL. An¬ of 13,900 inhabitants. other article regarding San Marino was pub¬ The colony which developed into the Republic lished in the August, 1932, JOURNAL.
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/ * < ' fai t /itf lix. fu.it //i ///>• t* «v" At ft., t f-f-A/'i, ^ vftMiA(C*y fSJ/nS, JJUI a 1 «. 4f/. (3nn.uA. • {«- C.AH«« ,'n- (At (At.it rtrfut. C*\ Ji'tut. . ///A'.,. !•/ Jttta./i '/MM */»/. -M-udiAA t.u rLu,. /, U4 4.. UjU.iJi.it- i/tiuf tA„/t,.( "At. Ax« . iv <><*• c( tucima/e f.t/.aA /* / -.<< .1/ r/ '£>• (&t.f t . ■ .* z*’ Au/.nAA,rnt. jht4.c*/iS(S ftiffu/Zu */ At*-./ St> .i +Y /, t>( 11 i im (ni. A-tat. Au.td.lv «.'.*«■/,' /. 4ft.../A 1 '/./ It,/.,//.,, ./ *■/ .V yit*. / <<*/ ...Uf' ■' /. (. Atilt. ■■ Aj^tu.'Au/.x Act., ,h/t./■/.( (* Krttt/r.y -ill •( uj'l i.mi/i 'ji A. J* n.ttcA. ‘i / h kt t/ '/ntt/,. (UtH.lt/ ft.. 670 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL THOUGHTS ON DIPLOMACY “It would be better were the student of inter¬ national affairs to concentrate less upon com¬ parative ethics and more upon the problem of human behavior at periods when humanity is strained. Highmindedness, once it becomes in¬ Distinguished members of volved in the machines of human necessity, is not the Diplomatic Service fol¬ strong enough. Other reinforcements, when it low tradition in selecting comes to peacemaking, are also required. The elder The Plaza as their New statesman will need foresight, planning, rigid pro¬ grams, time, obduracy, independence, method, York home. They find here a and a faculty for insisting upon the most incon¬ standard of excellence that venient precisions. He will also require a trained is known in all countries. and numerous staff of expert assistants. What qual¬ Single rooms from $5. FACING CENTRAL PARK ities should these experts possess? They should possess the following qualities: health, rapidity of • A 25% discount from room charges is understanding, patience, comparative sanity, great allowed members of the Foreign Service. physical endurance, charm, no class-prejudice, either up or down, immense curiosity, a neat man¬ HENRY A. ROST. PRESIDENT ner with maps and papers, industry, accuracy, the power to ask inconvenient questions at the wrong moment, no very outstanding physical disadvan¬ tages, intimacy with Private Secretaries of their P L fl Z own Plenipotentiaries, the good taste to disguise that intimacy, some acquaintance with the more FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE obscure press correspondents IN. B. The less ob¬ scure press correspondents will tend to reject that acquaintance), the habit of looking upwards and not downwards when they don’t know the answer, courtesy, being able to type and affix carbon pa¬ pers, a slight but not obtrusive acquaintance with economics, cleanliness, sobriety on all fitting occa¬ HOMELIKE, sions, cheerfulness, statistics derived from sources even more recondite and anonymous than those with a yanotcuna luie^ua IU possessed by their foreign colleagues, some pro¬ clsewlctc m y^ew'ljctk beauty . . . ficiency in the literature or architecture of at least one verv oppressed nationality, a capacity for en¬ % The Savoy-Plaza provides the during long dinner parties, honesty, a faculty of homelike warmth and charm that informed travellers demand, plus speaking rapidly and well such languages as their superior service and an unsurpas¬ foreign colleagues do not speak rapidly or well, no sed cuisine. Single rooms from $5. consummate belief in the immediate wisdom of the A 25% discount from room charges is allowed members of the Foriegn People or the Press, a good memory, truthfulness, Service. and above all, a complete sterilization of all human Henry A. Rost, Managing Director vanity. Only if he possess all the above qualities George Suter, Resident Manager can a young man hope to be of real assistance to FIFTH AVE., 58th TO 59th STS his superiors in the negotiation of a peace of justice, equity, and duration.” “The essential to good diplomacy is precision. The main enemy of good diplomacy is impre¬ cision. “It is for this reason that I have endeavored in OVERLOOKING CENTRAL PARK this book to convey an impression of the horrors of vagueness. The old diplomacy may have pos- (Continued to page 684) 671 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL WHAT TO DO? would not respond to the constant turning of the key which just went round and round. “What to Once upon a time a little girl from Georgia do? What to do?” Finally, after all the keys in came to Europe with a tourist group. She the house had been tried, resourceful Mrs. C. pulled was very sweet and pretty with a winning smile out a trusty hairpin and put it to work. Presto— and appealing drawl. So her path was strewn with and snap went the catch. Our little guest then roses—i. e., life was rosy—until one August day slept peacefully until noon the next day (Wednes¬ 7 she up and lost her passport! She won her way day) while her fellow travelers had been turned over one border and landed in the lap of a coun¬ out of their beds at 5 A. M. The passport was on tryman—her Consul! “What to do? What to do?” its way but would not be delivered until 8.30 was the general refrain. The “group” must march A. M. Thursday. In order to rejoin her fellows, relentlessly on—on through Europe or bust and our guest must leave at 7.15 A. M.! “What to the little Georgian had no passport and very little do? What to do?” To make a long story short, gold! “Where had she lost her passport?” Some¬ the Consul spent three hours in the General post- where between the last stop and the present one. office and at midnight got hold of the all im¬ portant registered letter. There w'as the precious But the group was to leave in the early morn! document without a blemish—thanks to a fastidious “What to do? What to do?” A cable to the De¬ garbage man. So all was over but the shouting! partment! But before it was sent the Consul at the That took place the next morning (Thursday) at last stop was called on the phone to see if by any 5 A. M. when all hands were routed out to speed chance the police had turned in this now very pre¬ the parting guest on the 7.15 train! Incidentally, cious document. Inquiry had already been made the Consul w'as at his desk that morning at 7.25 at the last hotel by the group leader and it was A. M.! not there, but just the same the name of the hotel was given to the neighboring Consul. In five SUGGESTION FOR THE BIG LEAGUES minutes our good neighbor called back in this Matamoros, November 8—The Rotary Club of fashion: “The police have not the desired docu¬ Matamoros has arranged an amusing baseball ment, but the hotel garbage man has! He will de¬ game in which its honorable members, belonging liver it at the rear of the hotel tomorrow morning to the leading businesses and the worthy society and I shall send it—or what is left of it—post of the place, will be mounted on burros to give haste.” No need to describe in detail the emo¬ pleasure and diversion to those who are present. tions of the “holder” of passport No. —. Tears This original idea came from our friends of of joy came to her big brown eyes. No cable to the Allende el Bravo who have agreed to meet our Department or new passport—or new visas to pay Rotarians to raise funds for the benefit of the for! The group moved methodically on. We could hospital. It is assured that this game will have not leave our by-this-time-friend all alone in a interesting features since each player will be big hotel, so Mrs. Consul took charge. Good-byes obliged to mount a philosophical donkey whence were said to her fellow travelers; her suitcase was the bases will be run and balls caught and taken home from the hotel and a pleasant evening thrown. Balls which are not thrown and caught was had by all. Then at midnight, as a fitting burroback will not count. Only the pitchers and climax to a crowded day, the catch of the suitcase catchers will be on foot.—Excelsior, Mexico City. PHILIPPINE TYPHOON October 15, 1934 Six vessels were driven aground along or near the Manila water front and two in the Pasig River. Photo from Vice Consul Henry B. Day 672 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL SYMBOL OF SERVICE TO THE WORLD Member companies of Socony- Vacunm Oil Company, Inc. market the products of petroleum in sixty-three of the sixty-four countries of the earth. 673 (6) Donald Iveitli Corinaldl, Kingston, Jamaica MOONLIGHT ON THE COAST NEAR PORT ROYAL, JAMAICA 674 PIRATES’ DOOM (Continued from page 642) LIFE INSURANCE We looked into the belfries, where the pendulous Ask for personal illustration of the plan I bells were waiting in vain for the summons which NOW IN EFFECT for insurance at standard should awaken their marriage peals; together we rates to Foreign Service Officers. Your inquiry touched the mighty organ-keys that sang no jubi¬ will receive careful and courteous attention. lates for the ear of Heaven, that sang no requiems for the ear of human sorrow; together we searched EARLE W. SAPP, C.L.U. the silent nurseries, where the children were all General Agent, New England Mutual Life asleep, and had been asleep through five genera¬ Insurance Co. tions. ‘They are waiting for the heavenly dawn,” 403 Colorado Bldg. Washington, D. C. whispered the Interpreter to himself: ‘and when that comes, the bells and the organs will utter a jubilate repeated by the echoes of Paradise.’” Personal Shopping Service NOTE: “Naughtiest” is used in the Seventeenth for you or with you in the best New York Century sense, meaning archaic or euphemistic. shops. No service charge. Smart things for entire family, also furnishings for COURSE ON HISPANIC-AMERICAN homes. Economical and satisfactory. Conversant with forwarding by diplomatic AFFAIRS pouch. References within the service. An interesting course of lectures on current Telephone: CAledonia 5-5479 Hispanic-American Affairs is being given this winter in Corcoran Hall, George Washington Uni¬ MISS E. J. TYNER versity, Washington, D. C., under the auspices of 16 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK CITY the Center of Inter-American Studies. Among the speakers are Assistant Secretary Wilbur J. Carr and Assistant Secretary Welles. AN AMERICAN INSTITUTION Lectures given and to be given include: IN FOREIGN SERVICE November 5—Dr. William Manger, Counselor, Pan American Union, “The Pan American Union Providing Rapid, Depend¬ and Latin America.” able Transport for Passen¬ gers, Express, and Mail November 12—Mr. Erwin D. Canham, Bureau Under Contract to the United Chief, The Christian Science Monitor, Washington, States and Foreign Govern¬ ments, Between North “The League of Nations and Latin America.” America and 32 Countries November 19—Hon. Wilbur J. Carr, Assistant and Colonies of the West¬ Secretary of State, “Diplomats and Their Place ern Hemisphere. in International Affairs.” November 26—Senator Luis Munoz Marine, Puerto Rico, “The Puerto Rican Problem.” December 3—Dr. Arthur D. Call, Editor, World Affairs, “The Economic and Cultural Importance of Peace.” December 10—Hon. Sumner Welles, Assistant Secretary of State, “Inter-American Relationships.” NOTE: Other lectures will be announced later. Officers visiting Washington will be able to ar¬ P/IK /IMEPIC/IK XtEHTTkS SYSTEM range to attend the remaining lectures, if they care EXECUTIVE OFFICES J. T. TRIPPE 135 East 42nd Street EVAN E. YOUNG to do so. President NEW YORK CITY Vice Pres, m Chorge Foreign Depi 675 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICEJOURNAL EMBASSY DAYS looking on and seeing your transfer to a place (Continued from page 615) where your knowledge was absolutely wasted, would soon realize that they could count on noth¬ remained for the newspaper men to make me realize ing better, and that the Service had therefore little your cleverness, however. Before that I had asso¬ to offer in the way of a definite career. ciated cleverness with gloom, and anyone as full of But if the Government is blind business is not. fun as you were didn’t fit into my picture at all. You know better than I how often offers are made The newspaper men we knew best were Mr. Denny to diplomats to change their profession, to become of the Associated Press, who had cuff links given : bankers, foreign agents and representatives and the him by the King of S am for bear-leading two of like, with increased prestige, permanency of tenure his sons round the world; Mr. Allen of the A. P., and handsome salaries. Knowing this, it is a mys¬ tall and rangy; Mr. Moore, handsome, dark-haired, tery why so many men stay in the service as long known to his lady friends as the “Virginian”; Mr. as they do, dangling on the end of a string held in Lambert of the New York Herald; Mr. Kaufman Washington, expecting every day to be sent some¬ Spears, poetic and dreary, and many others. These where else, unable to establish anything permanent men called you “Handsome Jack” and liked and for themselves and their families, forced to educate trusted you, for they knew you would give them their children in foreign countries or send them news if you had it and answer any questions if you home to be brought up away from them, and at the could. I used to admire your technique when they end of a long and adventurous life passed in dull pressed you hard: the slight stammer that you had and unhealthy capitals, thrown out to make room cultivated to give you a breathing-space and even for those subscribers to the campaign funds at the expedient of lighting a cigarette, since adopted home who desire to be called “Your Excellency” by the movies. To people who didn’t know you and wear knee breeches. well there was a simplicity about you that might Those young Americans, pleasant, unsophisti¬ seem innocuous, you had a most captivating hut cated, gullible products of maternal solicitude, who alert manner, and on the surface were not one to go into the service armed with a fine line of wishy- inspire caution. But they knew better. They real¬ washy ideals about world peace, the splendour of ized your astuteness, but they felt they could rely America versus the rest of the world, and imbued on you and so they liked you and did what they with the national itch to reform something, what could to further your interests. use are they diplomatically in a world of scheming It was not until you had been Counselor for two selfishness? They are no use. They are a distinct years that the realization came to me that some day liability until they have been trained in the hard not so very far off you would probably leave Lon¬ school of reality, and that takes years to accom¬ don; for the “career” men were no longer left in plish. The percentage of these that will develop peaceful occupancy of a niche for long periods as into able diplomats will then become subject to they had been, but were liable to he moved on at the lure which business exerts to get the sort of any moment. London was such a popular Capital, representatives it needs. It is a hard position for also, that there must he many who would have them, for they feel that for their own future protec¬ wished to spend some time there. This menace tion they ought to accept, but in many cases they spoiled that last year, for I felt that if you went remain in the service because they realize, even things would never be the same again. I knew also more than is realized at home, that with America’s what a hard thing it would be for you to leave ever increasing responsibilities in the world she your work and your friends, and go away, some¬ must have able diplomats to help her steer a safe where, to begin all over again in a new country. course. The blow fell at last. You were appointed Min¬ Your appointment to Rumania was another case ister to Rumania. It was a promotion—Counselor of shelving a trained man. But you were always a to Minister—but from the point of view of prestige good sport and made your arrangements to leave or work it was no promotion. I could see without delay. The days flew by with many final no reason why you should be sent to a country things to be done, and all too soon you were com¬ where nothing of importance to the United States ing in the familiar front door for the last time. The was ever likely to happen and where a political only ray of sunshine in the whole tragic picture for appointee and glad-hander would have done just as me was that Mr. Phillips was coming back in your well and probably better. It was one of those ap¬ place, Mr. Phillips who knew us all and whom we pointments which seem so utterly senseless, so all liked immensely. lacking in discrimination that your colleagues, And so you went, and the world was dark for a 676 while. I missed you in so many little ways and everybody else missed you too and found the Em¬ bassy a prosaic place without your cheery presence. Th zxz s Nothing I was rather surprised that you went, for I knew that you had many times been offered something so different and so important that I could not see how Quite Like you could refuse. But you loved the service, like so many other men, and wanted to stay. But in the end you were allowed to resign, and while the Rrrwujca/n. world of international finance gained a wise, far¬ sighted and experienced man with an exceptional background for dealing with the many important ©rve questions that indirectly concern diplomacy, Amer¬ ica lost a diplomat whose usefulness in the years ■' that were to come could ill be spared. Since then I have seen very little of you. Only at your daughter’s wedding in London and at the Coronation of King George, when we were both guests of Mr. John Hays Hammond, the Special Ambassador for the occasion, and a few times since in Paris and New York. But although the years and the miles have intervened, those years when I helped you in the London Embassy will remain among the happiest days of my life. When, young and inexperienced, I first went to the Embassy and to and from EUROPE you taught me the rudiments of diplomacy, you changed my entire life, for out of my years there Spaciousness and unrestricted freedom which mean true luxury at sea. The entire ship is yours to enjoy . . . came the chance to visit America with all that has broad decks, spacious, tastefully decorated lounges and happened since. To please you I read American dining saloon. Fine food, choice wines and liquors. history, wrote pot-hooks and hangers to improve Staterooms all outside. 60 per cent private baths. Truly my outrageous hand-writing, and learned some¬ there’s nothing quite like American One Class. thing of international law. From the very first day Special consideration given I admired you and sought to please you, but it was U. S. Foreign Service officials. not until later that I gradually came to appreciate Minimum Rates #d your fineness of character, your kindly generous One Way • Round Trip J) | / | instincts about everything, your loyalty, and those Stateroom with bath or shower slightly higher high qualities of idealism that made you what you Passenger Offices: are. And because you expected much of me I did WASHINGTON, D. C. NEW YORK CITY my best and got such happiness and fulfilment in 743 14th Street, N. W. i Broadway my work as falls to the lot of very few. or any office of International Mercantile Marine Co. LONDON HAMBURG I have always wanted to thank you, and meant to 14 Regent St., S.^^.I. Alsterthor 8c Ferdinandstrasse do it long ago, but the difficulty of putting emo¬ TT BERLIN PARIS ANTWERP tions into appropriate words has made me delay Unter den Linden, 9 10 Rue Auber 22 Rue des Peignes until now. But now that time, with its mellowing or U. S. Lines Offices in principal European Cities mists, has gathered those years into a very beauti¬ ful memory, I have tried to translate into words some incidents and backgrounds in the hope that BALT IMOR E they will illuminate that elusive person who is you, as you passed in and out of the Embassy long ago. I can never really thank you, so I shall not try, but MAIL shall send you instead, as my testimonial to a great gentleman and generous employer, this little group of memories in the hope that they may serve to fill LINE a dull evening and be a fragrant reminder of the days that are no more. Conclusion. Weekly Sailings to and from Havre and Hamburg. 677 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL U. S. GOVERNMENT 46 AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY, AND SOILS AND FERTILIZERS. Chemistry of foods, soil surveys, erosion, Muscle PUBLICATIONS Shoals. For the convenience of Foreign Service Officers, 48 WEATHER, ASTRONOMY, AND METEOROLOGY. Climate, floods, aerological observations, and Nautical Almanac who frequently receive inquiries regarding offi¬ Office Publications. cial publications, there is reprinted below, from 49 PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESS. Bound vols. of Congres¬ the “Weekly List of Selected United States Gov¬ sional Record, Globe, etc. ernment Publications” of the United States Gov¬ 50 AMERICAN HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY. The Revolution, ernment Printing Office, a statement regarding Civil War, World War. 51 HEALTH. Disease, drugs, sanitation, water pollution, price lists of publications of the Government. care of infants. It will be noted that Price List No. 65 covers 53 MAPS. Government maps, and directions for obtain¬ publications concerning Foreign Relations. ing them. All correspondence with regard to these lists 54 POLITICAL SCIENCE. Prohibition, District of Columbia, and publications should be addressed to the political parties, elections. 55 NATIONAL MUSEUM. Contributions from National Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., Herbarium, National Academy of Sciences, and Smith¬ to whom likewise remittances should be made sonian Reports. payable. 58 MINES. Mineral resources, fuel-testing, coal, gas, gasoline, explosives. PRICE LISTS OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS 59 INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION PUBLICATIONS. The Price Lists are the only publications sent free by 60 ALASKA AND HAWAII. Mineral and agricultural re¬ the Superintendent of Documents. They describe each sources, coal lands, geology, water supply, seal fish¬ available book or pamphlet, and embrace current copies eries, etc. as follows: 62 COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES. Foreign trade, pat¬ 10 LAWS. Federal Statutes and compilations of laws on ents, trusts, and dyestuffs. various subjects. 63 NAVY. Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Naval Reserve. 11 FOODS AND COOKING. Home economics, household 64 STANDARDS OF WEIGHT AND MEASURE. Electricity, recipes, canning, cold storage. tests of metals, cement, etc. 15 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Covers geology, and water 65 FOREIGN RELATIONS. Foreign debt, naval disarma¬ supply. ment, treaties, Mexican affairs. 13 ENGINEERING AND SURVEYING. Leveling, tides, magnet¬ 67 IMMIGRATION. Aliens, citizenship, naturalization. ism, triangulation. 68 FARM MANAGEMENT. Agricultural statistics, farm ac¬ 19 ARMY AND MILITIA. Manuals, aviation, ordnance counts, credits, marketing, and convenience for farm pamphlets, pensions. homes. 20 PUBLIC DOMAIN. Public lands, conservation, naval oil 69 PACIFIC STATES: California, Oregon, Washington. All leases. material relating to these States. 21 FISHES. Includes oysters, salmon, mussels, and propa¬ 70 CENSUS. Statistics of. population, manufactures, agri¬ gation. culture, mining, etc. 24 INDIANS. Publications pertaining to Indian antiquities. 71 CHILDREN’S BUREAU, and other publications relating 25 TRANSPORTATION AND PANAMA CANAL. Railroad and to children. shipping problems, postal service, telegraphs and tele¬ 72 PUBLICATIONS of interest to suburbanites and home¬ phones, Panama Canal. builders. 28 FINANCE. Accounting, budget, banking. 73 HANDY BOOKS. Books for ready reference, covering 31 EDUCATION. Includes agricultural and vocational edu¬ many topics. cation and libraries. 75 FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS. 32 INSULAR POSSESSIONS. (Philippines, Puerto Rico, RADIO LIST. Guam, American Samoa, Virgin Islands.) HOW TO REMIT 33 LABOR. Child labor, women, wages, workmen’s in¬ The rules of this office require that remittance be made surance, and compensation. in advance of shipment of publications, either by coupons, 35 GEOGRAPHY AND EXPLORATIONS. National Parks, ex¬ sold in sets of 20 for $1 and good until used, or by check plorations, etc. or money order payable to the Superintendent of Docu¬ 36 GOVERNMENT PERIODICALS, for which subscriptions are ments. Currency may be sent at sender’s risk. Postage taken. stamps, for-'-n money, and defaced or smooth coins are 37 TARIFF. Compilation of acts, decisions, and speeches not acceptable. Postage is not required for shipment with¬ on tariff, taxation, and income tax, etc. in the United States, including Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, 38 ANIMAL INDUSTRY. Domestic animals, poultry and Panama, Canal Zone. Philippine Islands, and Puerto Rico, dairy industries. nor for shipment to the Reoublic of Panama, Samoa 39 BIRDS AND WILD ANIMALS. North American Fauna, (U. S.), Virgin Islands (U. S.), Canada, Cuba, Mexico, game, fur-bearing animals, etc. and Newfoundland (including Labrador). For shipment 41 INSECTS. Includes bees, and insects harmful to agri¬ to all other countries an additional amount of about one culture and to health. third of the purchase price is required. Remittance from 42 IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE, WATER-POWER. Pumps, re¬ foreign countries should be by international money order, clamation, water resources. or draft on an American bank, payable to the Superin¬ 43 FORESTRY. Tree planting, wood, and lumber indus¬ tendent of Documents. Promptness in handling correspon¬ tries. dence is insured bv sending separate requests for informa¬ 44 PLANTS. Culture of fruits, vegetables, cereals, grasses, tion instead of embodying them in cash order. Full name •rrain. and address should be given on request for additional 45 ROADS. Construction, improvement, and maintenance. information. 678 JHE /^ME RICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL SPORT AT RIO UNITED FRUIT EDfllPANY By THE HONORABLE HUGH GIBSON, Rio de Janeiro GREAT The Gavea Golf and Country Club has a good WHITE amount of land, reaching from the sea back in¬ FLEET • ^ to the mountains, just half an hour from the front door of the Embassy. The club is lodged in an old colonial farm-house, which has been subjected to Regular Freight and Passenger Service a minimum of change, and is just what is needed BETWEEN for this climate. There is an unusually big swim¬ New York, New Orleans, Boston and San Francisco ming-pool adjoining the locker-rooms, and plenty AND of room for the sun-bathing which members do Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, British Honduras, not seem to indulge in. Mexico, Nicaragua, Salvador. In front of the club-house is a full-sized polo field with an excellent turf, which is kept in perfect Weekly service with transshipment at Cristobal (Canal Zone) to West Coast Ports of Central surface by a swarm of workmen. The club has a America, South America and Mexico at differ¬ series of duffer teams who play among themselves, ential rates. Through bills of lading to all points. and one a good deal better which plays against the Shipments to El Salvador handled expedi¬ Brazilian Army and visiting teams from other tiously via Puerto Barrios, Guatemala and the countries. International Railways of Central America. For Rates and Other Information Address: FREIGHT TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT Pier 3, North River, New York, N. Y. 1001 Fourth St., Ill W. Washington St., San Francisco, Calif. Chicago, III. Long Wharf, 321 St. Charles St., Boston, Mass. New Orleans, La. General Offices: One Federal Street, Boston, Mass. LOOKING ACROSS THE COURSE FROM THE 7TH TEE Incidentally, the polo field serves as a gathering place for the American colony on the Fourth of July, eleven or twelve hundred people having as¬ sembled there to celebrate the Fourth this year. The first nine holes of the course are distinctly mountainous and call for careful, straight shots. By that same token, the penalties of slicing or pull¬ ing are so terrifying as to have a sobering effect on the player and make him careful, with the result that nearly everybody does a better score on the first nine than on the second, which are on almost completely flat ground adjoining the sea. Here you can go in for any reasonable amount of erratic play with relatively small penalty. Golf has taken so well here that another nine holes are being added for players whose scores run into the higher brackets, and a new club is opening up a course about ten minutes farther out of town, where they add to the sports we have, fishing and sailing. By next year we will probably have a third course in the hills at Tijuca, about a half hour from town. 679 THE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL NEWS FROM THE FIELD TIENTSIN (Continued from page 655) Vice Consul Perkins reports that a press re¬ nally built and which were later completely cov¬ lease at the Consulate General announcing Treas¬ ered with a mass of Baroque, due to the Spanish ury Decision 47060 inspired the nameless conductor influence. of a “colyum” in the “Peiping Chronicle” to the During the month of October, 1934, quite a following lyric outburst: number of foreign service officers have passed through or visited Naples. Among them were: Vice AMBITION Consul and Mrs. Brockholst Livingston en route from Colombo to their new post at Oslo; Consul When we have made our little pile— and Mrs. J. J. Meily on leave from Hamburg; Although we know we won’t— Second Secretary G. P. Waller with his mother and We’ll open up a store to sell sister on leave from Luxemburg where Mr. Waller Some things that others don’t. is charge d’affaires; Vice Consul and Mrs. Easton Kelsey en route to Cairo; and Second Secretary We’ll handle almonds, aconite and and Mrs. H. A. Doolittle proceeding to Tangier. Arrow root and bortz, Also two former American Ambassadors, Mr. Blood (or blood meal) and cocoanuts Willys and Mr. Belin, called at the Consulate Gen¬ And chillies of all sorts. eral during the month. An interesting visit was paid here by Dr. Graham We’ll stock carnauba wax and dates H. Stuart, professor at Stanford University, and And cherries (with the pits). Our cycas leaves and camomile author of a number of well known books on the Are good for colds and fits. foreign policy of the United States. His broad background of acquaintance with the foreign serv¬ But copal, fluorspar and chrome ice and its work made him an interesting observer, With diamonds and fludust, able to contribute ideas as well as to learn. Gum Mastic (natural) and hops H. M. B.. JR. We’ll keep because we must. BOMBAY Rosemary leaves and manganese and Garlic and gentian root, Professor James Harvey Rogers, Special Assist¬ Plus lapulin and maple sap, ant to the Secretary of the Treasury, and three of Will help to sell our jute. his assistants, who have recently completed a study of the silver situation in China, were visitors in Pissava fibre, saffron, silex, Bombay for the last half of August. Shingles, sand and travertine Vice Consul Norris Rediker departed on the Are well displayed near slimes and thyme, S. S. President Garfield August 24th for home Though we have no single bean. leave. Among recent visitors to Bombay were Consul Valonia (crude) and tagua nuts General Kenneth S. Patton and Mrs. Patton, en With tsingle canes as well route from Batavia to Amsterdam, their new post. Make gum tragacanth, kapok too, Mr. George C. Howard, American Trade Commis¬ A bit too slow to sell. sioner at Calcutta, passed through Bombay en route to Calcutta after home leave and Mr. Carl E. Some istle fibre, ivory nuts, Christopherson, American Trade Commissioner at Grain hulls and wattle bark. Calcutta, stopped off prior to sailing on home leave. You’re sure to want with tungsten ores. Playing baseball in India might sound like a Stick lac’s beside the mark. “Believe It or Not” item, but a league of four teams And why, you ask, should we choose these— has recently been organized in Bombay, two teams With horehound and dragon’s blood, each from the American and Japanese communi¬ Flint pebbles, ferns and ginger (dry) ? ties. Although the brand of baseball played is like the sandlot variety at home, some amusement is It’s just because, you see the American Con¬ afforded the players and more is offered the spec¬ sulate General at Tientsin is in receipt of an in¬ tators. Games are played each Sunday morning, struction listing the above commodities exported to the monsoon permitting, and at present one of the United States as being those for which consular the American teams is leading. N. L., JR. invoices are not required. 680 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL STOP PRESS Apologies to Bergen. Too late for inclusion inB our quarterly eauserie we have received the news|j from that diocese. It appears that there is plenty ( SPEEDING the of news, but it just hasn’t happened yet. When the news breaks the text for the day will be Genesis 8:2, “and the windows of heaven were stopped.” World’s Business The moment it quits raining, there will be an out¬ break of quaint old Norwegian customs such as wassail, the citizens will plant another tree (their famous new belt of trees is like the building of Notre Dame, one new unit per decade) and the consul in his ecstasy will sign a three-year lease on his flat. Stand by for news of his transfer. EVERYWHERE ... on all sides . . . you hear it. The battle cry of RECOVERY. The clarion call of the new era. The prayer of all people . . . of all countries. And the slogan of Under¬ wood Elliott Fisher for years . . . “Speed the World’s business.” Underwood Elliott Fisher “Speeds the World’s Business” by giving wings to the thoughts, the words, the figures that are essential parts of busi¬ ness. Through Underwood Typewriters. Through Underwood Elliott Fisher Accounting Machines. Through Underwood Sundstrand Adding-Figuring Machines. Through the supplies that are part of them. Underwood Elliott Fisher not only sells office machines . . . Underwood Elliott Fisher services 507.2 them for life! TYPEWRITER DIVISION millimeter. UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY Homer Building, 601 13th Street N. W. Washington, D. C. P.S.—Consul Davis of Bergen sends the en¬ SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE closed cartoon. They’ve had an all-time record of rainy weather. Officers are ordering submarines. The UNDERWOOD Stockholm, with 107.7 mm. is complaining bitterly, 46.6 being the average. In Bergen STANDARD .... Model No. 6 they’ve had 507.2 in October. R. B. (Continued to page 683) 681 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL DIRECTORY OF SELECTIVE FIRMS ABROAD • BRITISH ISLES • FRANCE • CHINA • CUBA 682 yHE AMERICAN fOREIGN $E1 DIRECTORY OF FIRMS AJ • HUNGARY • ITALY B „„Trir DU NAPALOTA Hotel Palace-Ambassadeurs, Rome U (OPPOSITE THE AMERICAN EMBASSY) HOTELS- ( Special Reduced Rates for Diplomats ) A H U NCARIA This hotel is unrivalled for its Palatial Beauty, located in the exclusive section of Rome, and near the Pincio Gardens. E UNDER ONE MANAGEMENT RENOWNED FOR ITS FINE CUISINE RESTAURANT :: AMERICAN BAR :: GRILL ROOM T ON THE CORSO FACING THE DANUBE C. F. ROTA—Gen. Manager • MEXICO THE R I T Z MEXICO CITY’S NEWEST, MOST MODERN AND SMARTEST HOTEL LUCAS DE PALACIO, Managing Director NEWS FROM THE FIELD they often seek one out. Unexpected incidents are (Continued, from page 681) the ones that create the thrills and African thrills are so different from thrills in other parts of the CAPETOWN world. The thrill producers are different and In the early part of July, Vice Consul Con¬ more numerous; they vary in size from an ant verse left Capetown to proceed to his new post to an elephant. in London. Among the many who saw him off One of the latest thrills was experienced by on the boat were a number of representatives of one of the members of the Nairobi Consular staff the local baseball league who presented him during the first week end in August. A road with a suitable gift in token of his fine efforts leading out of Nairobi runs 60 miles south to promote baseball in Capetown, both as a play¬ through a wonderful game area where, during er and organizer. the day, may be seen rhino, giraffe, eland, baboons Vice Consul Taylor arrived from Port Eliza¬ and buffalo. During the night one can hear beth to replace Vice Consul Converse. lions, leopards, hyena, wild dogs and wild eats. On September 13, Consul General Irving N. It is against the night prowlers that a camper Linnell proceeded to Pretoria where he will act needs to take the greatest precautions. On the as Charge d’Affaires during the absence of Min¬ second night of an encampment near Lake Ma- ister Ralph J. Totten. Minister Totten and his gadi, a leopard visited our camp and took a mother, Mrs. James B. Totten, arrived in Capetown fox terrier which was sleeping between one of a few days later, sailing on the day of arrival for the beds and the car. The leopard jumped a England, whence they will proceed to the United distance of ten feet over a fire and a bed, caught States for home leave. the dog, broke his chain and was away again A week later Consul Edward M. Groth departed before the sleepers in camp could get a gun to for his new post in Calcutta. Despite his short have a shot at the marauder. The leopard came stay in South Africa Consul Groth had managed up against the wind, otherwise the dog would to see a great part of the country and to add have scented his captor and barked an alarm. many interesting items to his already large col¬ On August 16, an American tourist ship, S. S. lection of films and photographs. Resolute, came into Mombasa harbor with 400 passengers on board. Over a hundred of the NAIROBI passengers made a trip to Nairobi where they For residents and visitors, East Africa abounds were met by about 30 touring cars and taken in thrills which, if not always active, are always 25 miles south of the city to see the herds of potential. One does not need to hunt for them; game of various kinds, giraffe and ostriches. 683 LETTERS THOUGHTS ON DIPLOMACY (This column will be devoted each month to the publication, (Continued from page 671) in whole or in part, of letters to the Editor from members of the Association on topics of general interest. Such letters are to sessed grave faults. \'et they were venal in com¬ be regarded as expressing merely the personal opinion of the parison to the menaces which confront the new writers and not necessarily the views of the JOURNAL, or of the Association.) diplomacy. These menaces can be defined under Subscribers are invited to submit comment on matters of inter¬ two separate headings. The first is open versus est to the Service. The names of correspondents will not be pub¬ secret diplomacy. In other words a democratic lished or otherwise divulged when request to that effect is made. versus an expert conduct of international affairs. Communications intended for this column should be addressed: “To the Editor, Foreign Service Journal, Care of the Department Amateurishness, in all such matters, leads to im- of State, Washington. I). C.” provization. Openness, in all such matters, leads to imprecision. No statesman is prepared in ad¬ vance and in the open to bind himself to a precise The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the policy. An imprecise policy means no policy at United States, Thomas I. Parkinson, President, all. It means aspiration only. We all have our 393 Seventh Ave., New York expectations. “Diplomacy is the art of negotiating documents Washington, D. C. in a ratifiable and therefore dependable form. It is by no means the art of conversation. November 21, 1934. “Diplomacy, if it is ever to be effective, should Mr. Donald R. Heath, Secretary-Tr easurer, be a disagreeable business. And one recorded in A. F. S. Protective Association, hard print.” Dept, of State, “Have a long talk with Crowe. He is realistic: Washington, D. C. wants facts, not ideas, however beautiful.” Dear Mr. Heath: Harold Nicholson in “Peacemaking, 1919,” In view of the limitations of the present in¬ Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston and Netv vestment field and the increasing longevity of York, 1933. annuitants, the Equitable, along with other leading life insurance companies, will make certain changes in its present Retirement Annuity Con¬ LONDON tract which is now offered to the members of The Editor, your Association. These changes will become ef¬ Dear Sir: fective January 1st, 1935. on all applications re¬ I desire to express my interest in the excellent ceived in Washington, D. C., after that date. article entitled “Where Do We Go From Here,” by Consul John M. Savage, Retired, in the October A new schedule of surrender values, death bene¬ number of the JOURNAL. fit amounts and income payments will apply and A series of articles on the same subject by other will generally be on a lower basis than is avail¬ retired officers should prove of great practical in¬ able in our present contract. Just as soon as de¬ terest to a large number of their colleagues who tails of the new contract are available, material are within measurable distance of retiring them¬ will be prepared for distribution to your members. selves, as well, perhaps, as to some officers, al¬ ready retired, who might discover more pleasant In view of the impending change it is suggested surroundings and economical living conditions that publicity be given this letter in the December through the experience of others. issue of the FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL in order Might it not be a good idea to invite contribu¬ that those members who may wish to apply for tions of this kind from all of our retired officers the old contract may do so prior to the first of (except, perhaps, those residing in Washington and the year. other eastern cities, where living conditions are al¬ The change, of course, will not affect any con¬ ready well known) and publish one in each issue tracts now owned by the members of your Asso- of the JOURNAL? sociation. Yours faithfully, Cordially yours, ROBERT FRAZER. J. ALAN MAPHIS, Retired officers are cordially invited to submit Special Agent in Charge of articles, accompanied by photographs, on this Foreign Service Group. subject, and others.—ED. 684 * , i$ k vi ' ROCKEFELLER CENTER NEW YORK CITY IjSHOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS are cordially invited to visit Rockefeller Center. H Mr. J. K. Hyatt of our organization will be pleased to escort you through the devel¬ opment and explain the facilities of our Bonded Warehouse and Special Exhibition Act, which offer exceptional opportunities for foreign manufacturers contemplating the United States market. Dept. E; 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City. ENJOY NEW YORK ■jtont Uicl1 U.i i>fj paint e-j: viview Stand in one of the towers of The Waldorf- lies within The Waldorf, and you are part Astoria and survey the New York that lies of it the moment you stop here. People within a few blocks of you. Fifth Avenue, who make news and history meet in the humming with smart shoppers. Broadway, lobbies, the ballrooms, the restaurants. gay with its theatres and amusements. The fashionable world is glimpsed over Park Avenue, Madison Avenue, and up¬ the rim of your cocktail glass. New York town to Central Park. The New York of that amuses . . . New York that matters clubs, art galleries, museums, churches. gathers here. Thus, even your briefest But the other New York that interests you Waldorf visit is stimulating and enjoyable. Specia 1 room ra. tes to Lnitei l States Foreign and Consular Services. THE WALDORF -ASTORIA \ PARK AVENUE -49TH TO 50TH STREETS - NEW YORK