District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
DISTRICT IRRIGATION PLAN OF MALKNAGIRI DISTRICT, ODISHA
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Prepared by: District Level Implementation Committee (DLIC), Malkangiri, Odisha
Technical Support by: ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC), Research Centre, Sunabeda, Post Box-12, Koraput, Odisha Phone: 06853-220125; Fax: 06853-220124 E-mail: [email protected]
For more information please contact:
Collector & District Magistrate District HQ :Malkangiri - 764045 District :Malkangiri Phone : 06861 230232/230323 Fax :06861 230356 Email :[email protected]
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
FOREWORD Malkangiri is a remotest and backward district of Odisha and located at in the southern western tip of Odisha. The district has the rich tribal culture and the major occupant tribes are Bondas, Gadabas, Kondhs and Koyas. The district is having 5791 sq. kms of geographical area. Due to the predominance of tribal populations and of remoteness, the district has less literacy rate of about 49.49%. The part of the district is hilly and comes under the Eastern-Ghats and other parts are comes under flat lands. Majority area is under forest and a large number of tribal families earn their livelihood from the forest products. Hence, the forests have economic relevance in the district. The agro-climatic condition and natural resources of the district is conducive for growth of agricultural and allied activities. For the majority of the population in the district, cultivation is the primary occupation. The Average annual rainfall is about 1667.7 mm with 79 Rain Days. The Western plain areas (blocks) are having good irrigation facility from the major irrigation project, one medium irrigation project and other existing projects. The Eastern Ghats region of the district has devoid of the irrigation projects and developmental activities due to the undulating terrains and remoteness. These areas also vulnerable and challenging where the administration faces tough challenges while delivering public services. “Pradhana Mantri Krishi SinchayeeYojana” (PMKSY) is aimed to increasing the irrigated area in all the blocks of the district following holistic and integrated approach with the vision of extending the coverage of irrigation ‘Har Khet Ko Pani’ and improving water use efficiency ‘More Crop Per Drop' in a focused manner. The DLIC has prepared a strategic action plan to cover all the rainfed areas with assured and protective irrigations to enhance to crop productivity and to minimize the risk of crop failure due to drought and rainfall variability. I hope that the strategic action plan proposed under District Irrigation Plan (DIPs) is very much useful in overall development of agriculture and bringing prosperity to the all the community in the District. I sincerely acknowledge the support, guidance and timely advice of the Commissioner-Cum- Director,OWDM, Bhubaneswar. I congratulate the DLIC for preparing the DIP and thanks to the Scientific Team from ICAR-IISWC, Research Centre, Sunabeda, Koraput, Odisha for their valuable technical advice and services in preparing this report. This report is quite useful and serves as a guide in increasing area under irrigation in the district.
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Particulars Page No. A. An Over View of District Irrigation Plan under PMKSY………………………..……….…… 1-5 A.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….………. 1 A.1.1 Background………………………………………………………………………………..……… 1 A.1.2. Vision……………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 1 A.1.3 Objective………………………………………………………………………………….…..….. 1-2 A.1.4 Strategy / approach……………………………………………………………………….... 2-4 A.1.5 Rationale / justification statement………………………………………………….. 4-5 A.1.6 Presentation structure of the district irrigation plan…………………………… 5 1.0 General Information of the District………………………………………………………….……… 6-22 1.1 District Profile……………………………………………………………………………………….…. 6-11 1.1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….……. 6-9 1.1.2 History………….……………………………………………………………………….………. 9 1.1.3 Rainfall and climate..………………………………………………………………………. 9-10 1.1.4 Ground water resources………………………………………………………….…….. 10 1.1.5 Soil types………………….…………………………………………………………….……… 10-11 1.1.6 Agriculture……………….…………………………………………………………….……… 11 1.2 Demography……………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 11-13 1.3 Biomass and Livestock……………………………………………………………………..……… 14-15 1.4 Agro-ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography …………………………..……. 15-17 1.5 Soil Profile………………………………………………………………………………………….……. 18-19 1.6 Soil Erosion and Runoff Status………………………………………………………….…….. 20 1.7 Land use pattern…………………………………………………………………………………….. 20-22 2.0 District Water Profile……………………………………………………………………………...... 23-34 2.1 Crops and block wise irrigated and rainfed area………………………….………….. 23-30 2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops………………………………..…….…… 30-32 2.3 Irrigation based classification ………………………………………….………………………. 33-34
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
3.0 Water Availability………………………………………………………………………...... 35-45 3.1: Status of Water Availability……………………….…………………………………………….. 35-37 3.2 Status of Ground Water Availability…………………..…………………………………….. 38-39 3.3 Status of Command Area……………………………….………………………………………… 40-41 3.4 Existing type of Irrigation…………………………………….………………………………….. 42-45 4.0 Water requirements/Demand…….………………………………………...... 46-57 4.1 Domestic water demand….……………….…………………….……………………………….. 46-48 4.2 Crop water demand…….……………..……………………….………………………………….. 48-52 4.3 Livestock water demand…..………………………………………………………………………. 52-53 4.4 Industrial water demand…………………...………………………...... 53-54 4.5 Water demand for Power generation………...……………………...... 54 4.6 Total water demand of the district for various sectors………...……………….... 54-55 4.7 Water Budget………...……………………...…………………………………………………….... 55-57 5.0 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Malkangiri District under PMKSY ………….. 58-104 5.1 Prioritization of Blocks for Strategic Action Plan….……………….…………………….. 58-59 5.2 About Participating Departments……………..……………………….………………………... 59 5.3 Irrigation Projects…..……………………………………………………………..…...... 59-60 5.4 State Irrigation Plan/Schemes…………………...………………………...... 61 5.5 Strategic Action Plan………...……………………...... …...... 62-104 5.5.1 Block Wise Strategic Action Plan…...... …...... …...... 63-87 5.5.2 Component Wise Consolidated Strategic Action Plan…...... …...... 88-97 5.5.3 Block Wise and Components Wise Total Estimated Cost…...... 98-99 5.5.4 Block wise and components wise irrigation potential to be 100-103 developed…………………………………………………………………………………... 5.5.5 Long term strategic action plan………………………………………………………. 104 Annexure -1.1 Gram panchayath and village wise demographic features for all the 105-129 blocks of Malkangiri district……………………………………………………………………………………… Annexure -1.2 Block wise slope map of Malkangiri District……………………………………….. 130-134 Annexure 1.3 Block wise soil resource map of Malkangiri district…………………………….. 135-139 Annexure 1.4 Block wise land use map of Malkangiri district…………………………………... 140-144 Annexure 1.5 Forest map of Malkangiri district……………………………………………………….. 145-146
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Annexure 5.1 Details about participating departments in the district…………………..….. 147 Annexure 5.2 DLIC for Malkangiri district of DIP………………………………………………………. 148 Annexure 5.3 Proceedings of the DLIP meeting…………………………………………………..……. 149
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page no
1.1.1 Block wise latitude and longitude of Malkangiri district………………………....…… 7
1.1.2 Malkangiri district profile at a glance………………………………………………………..… 8
1.2 Demography profile of Malkangiri district……………………………………………….… 12 1.3.1 Biomass and livestock ………………………………………………………………………………. 14 1.3.2 Block wise Percent livestock population……………………………………………………… 15 1.4.1 Block wise agro-ecology, climate, hydrology and topography features of Malkangiri district……………………………………………………………………………….……… 17 1.5.1 Block wise soil type and slope wise area of Malkangiri district……………….…. 18 1.6.1 Potential soil erosion rate in the Malkangiri…………………………………………….… 20 1.7.1 Land use pattern of Malkangiri district…………………………………………………….… 21 2.1 Crop and block wise irrigated and rainfed area in Malkangiri district…………. 25 2.1.1 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kalimela block of Malkangiri District………………………………………………………………..……………………. 25 2.1.2 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Khairaput block of Malkangiri District…………………………………………………………………………..………… 26 2.1.3 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Korukonda block of Malkangiri District……………..…………………………………………………………………… 26 2.1.4 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kudumulugum block of Malkangiri District……………………………………………..………………………... 27 2.1.5 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Malkangiri block of Malkangiri District…………………………………………………………………………………… 27 2.1.6 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Mathili block of Malkangiri District………………………………………………………………………………… 28 2.1.7 Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Papdahandi block of Malkangiri District………………………………………………………………………………… 28
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
2.2 Production and productivity of major crops under irrigated and rainfed condition in Malkangiri district..………………………………………………………………….. 31 2.3 Block wise irrigation based classification- block wise GCA, NIA and rainfed area in Malkangiri district of Odisha……………………………………………………………. 33 3.1 a Irrigation potential created under different sources in Malkangiri district 35 3.1b Different sources of water availability in Malkangiri district…………………….…. 36 3.2 Block wise status of ground water availability in Malkangiri district……….…… 38 3.3 Status of command area in Malkangiri district, in Odisha……………………….…… 41 3.4 Existing type of irrigation in the Malkangiri district……………………………………... 44 4.1 Domestic water demand of Malkangiri district…………………………………….……… 46 4.2 Crop water requirement……………………………………………………………………………… 49 4.3 Livestock water demand of Malkangiri district……………………………………………. 52 4.4 Industrial water demand of Malkangiri district……………………………………………. 54 4.6 Total water demand of the district for various sector…………………………………. 54 4.7 Block wise water budget of Malkangiri district…………………………………………… 55 5.3.1 List of new irrigation projects in Malkangiri districts to be taken up under AIBP…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 60 5.3.2 New medium irrigation projects in Malkangiri districts to be completed during 2016-17 to 2020-21………………………………………………………………………… 60 5.3.3 Ongoing mega lift irrigation projects in Malkangiri district…………………………. 60 5.5.1a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Mathili block…………………. 66-68 5.5.2a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Khairaput block……….…… 69-71 5.5.3a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – K. Guma block………………. 72-74 5.5.4a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Malkangiri block…………… 75-77 5.5.5a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Korukonda block…….…….. 78-80 5.5.6a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Kalimela block………………. 81-83 5.5.7a-c Strategic action plan for irrigation under PMKSY – Podia block………………..…. 84-86 5.5.8 Block Wise Consolidated Strategic Plan under PMKSY + SIP+ Other Schemes 87
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
in Malkangiri District………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.5.9 Block Wise Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) in Malkangiri District…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………. 94 5.5.10 Block Wise Har Khet Ko Pani (HKKP) in Malkangiri District……….………………. 94 5.5.11 Block Wise Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) (Micro-Irrigation) in Malkangiri District………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 95 5.5.12 Block Wise Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) (Supplementary Water Management Activities) in Malkangiri District…………………………………………… 95 5.5.13 Block Wise PMKSY Watershed Activities in Malkangiri District………………….... 96 5.5.14 Block Wise Convergence of MGNREGA in Malkangiri District………………………. 96 5.5.15 Block Wise state Department Plans/Schemes in Malkangiri District……..…….. 97 5.5.16 Block and Components Wise Total Estimated Cost in Malkangiri District (in Crore) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 99 5.5.17 Total irrigation potential to be created under PMKSY in Malkangiri district.. 100 5.5.18 Total area proposed for extension, strengthening and restoration activities in Malkangiri district (Area, ha)………………………………………………………………….. 101 5.5.19 Proposed irrigation potential to be created under different programme and components in Malkangiri district…….………………………………………………..………. 103 5.5.20 List of long term projects in Malkangiri district…………………………………………… 104
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig Page Title no. no.
1.1.1 Malkangiri district map………………………………………..……………………………………………. 6
1.1.2 Block wise geographical area (percent) of Malkangiri district………………….….……… 9
1.1.3 Ground water recharge: Malkangiri district……………………………………………………..… 10
1.2.1 Block wise total population in Malkangiri district………………………..……………….…….. 12
1.2.2 Block wise ST and SC population (%) in Malkangiri district……………………….………… 13
1.2.3 Block wise child population (1-6 yrs) in Malkangiri district……………………………….… 13
1.4.1 Season wise monthly PET in Malkangiri district…………………………….…………………… 16
1.5.1 Soil resource map of Malkangiri district…………………………………………………………..… 19
1.5.2 Slope map of Malkangiri district…………………………………………………..……………………. 19
1.7.1 Block wise cropping intensity in Malkangiri district……………………………………………. 21
1.7.2 Block wise percent area under Forest and Wasteland (%) to TGA………………….…… 22
1.7.3 Land use / Land cover map of Malkangiri district…………………………………..…………… 22
2.1.1 Percentage irrigated and Rainfed area in different blocks of Malkangiri district… 29
2.1.2 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Cereals…………………… 29
2.1.3 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Pulses……………………… 29
2.1.4 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under total Oil Seeds………… 29
2.1.5 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed areas under total food crops…. 29
2.1.6 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Fibre and other crops 30
2.1.7 Block wise percentage distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Horticulture and Plantation……………………………………………………………………………… 30
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
2.2.1 Productivity of Kharif crops under irrigated and rainfed condition in Malkangiri district…………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………… 32
2.2.2 Productivity of rabi crops under irrigated and rainfed condition in Malkangiri district…………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………… 32
2.3.1 Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area in Malkangiri district…..…..… 34
2.3.2 Block wise distribution of percentage of NIA and TIA to NSA and TCA in Malkangiri district……………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
3.1.1 Different source of surface irrigation during Kharif and Rabi……………………………… 37
3.1.2 Ground water irrigation during Kharif and Rabi………………………………………………… 37
3.2.1 Status of Ground Water Availability in Malkangiri district…………………….………….… 39
3.2.2 Block wise stage of ground water development in Malkangiri district………………… 39
3.3.1 Status of command area in Malkangiri district……………………………………………………. 40
3.4.1 Block wise area irrigated through Govt. canals in Malkangiri………………………………. 43
3.4.2 Block wise area irrigated through Govt. Tanks/Ponds/Reservoirs in Malkangiri….. 45
3.4.3 Block wise water extraction devices in Malkangiri………………………………………………. 45
3.4.4 Block wise percent area irrigated from all sources of irrigation in Malkangiri……… 45
4.1.1 Population growth of different blocks of Malkangiri district during 2011-2025……. 47
4.1.2 Domestic water demand of different blocks of Malkangiri district during 2011- 2025………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
4.2.1 Present crop water demand in Malkangiri district……………………………………..………. 50
4.2.2 UCWPC, ECWP and CWPC in Malkangiri district…………………………………………….…… 50
4.2.3 Existing and future crop water potential of different blocks of Malkangiri district 51
4.2.4 Crop water potential to be created for Malkangiri district…………………………………. 52
4.3.1 Livestock water demand of Malkangiri district……………………………………….………….. 53
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
4.6.1 Sector wise water demand of Malkangiri district during 2011 and 2025…………….. 55
4.7.1 Ground water availability of different blocks of Malkangiri district………………..…… 56
4.7.2 Surface water availability of different blocks of Malkangiri district…………..………… 56
4.7.3 Ground + surface water availability of different blocks of Malkangiri district…….. 57
4.7.4 Crop water budgeting of Malkangiri district under various future scenarios….…… 57
5.5.1 Block wise budget allocation from all components in Malkangiri district………..…. 64
5.5.2 Block wise percentage budget allocation in Malkangiri district…………………………. 64
5.5.3 Component wise budget allocation under PMKSY in Malkangiri district…………….. 65
5.5.4 Block wise budget allocation under AIBP in Malkangiri district…………….…..……….. 90
5.5.5 Block wise budget allocation under HKKP in Malkangiri district………….…………….. 90
5.5.6 Block wise budget allocation under PDMC (MI) in Malkangiri district………..……… 91
5.5.7 Block wise budget allocation under PDMC (SWM) in Malkangiri district…….………. 91
5.5.8 Block wise budget allocation under PMKSY-WS in Malkangiri district…….……..….. 92
5.5.9 Block wise budget allocation under MGNREGA in Malkangiri district…………..….… 92
5.5.10 Block wise budget allocation under SIP in Malkangiri district……………………….…..… 93
5.5.11 Component wise budget allocation in Malkangiri district……………………….………….. 93
5.5.12 Component wise irrigation potential under PMKSY in MMalkangiri district………… 101
5.5.13 Block wise status of irrigation potential under PMKSY Malkangiri district…………. 102
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AD : Anno Domini AER : Agro-Ecological Region AIBP : Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme BC : Before Chris BCM : Billion Cubic Meters CAD : Command Area Development CADA : Command Area Development Agency CD : Check Dam CDCP : Check Dam Construction Programme CGWB : Central Ground Water Board Ch : Children CI : Cropping Intensity CIC : Creation of Irrigation Panels CLSRP : Canal Lining & System Rehabilitation Programme CWC : Central Water Commission CWPC : Crop Water Potential Created DAC&FW : Department of Agriculture, Co-operation & Farmer Welfare DBIP : Deep Bore well Irrigation Programme DIP : District Irrigation Plan DLIC : District Level Implementation Committee DPAP : Drought Prone Area Programme DP-CD/WHS : Drought Proofing through check dam/Water harvesting structure DRDA : District Rural Development Agency DRIP : Dam Rehabilitation Improvement Project DW : Dugout Well EGHL : Eastern Ghat High Land Fig. : Figure FP : Farm Pond FP/CP : Fishery Pond/Cattle Pond GCA : Gross Crop Area GEC : Ground Water Estimate Committee Gen. : General GIA : Gross Irrigated Area GOI : Government of India GP : Gram Panchayat GW : Ground Water
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
GWD : Ground Water Development ha : Hectare HH : House Holder HKKP : Har Khet ko Pani ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research IDWG : Inter Department Working Group IMD : Indian Meteorological Department IISWC : Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation IR&RF : Irrigated and Rainfed JNBW : Jala Nidhi Bore Well Kg /ha : Kilogram Per Hectare Km : Kilometer LD : Land Development LFC : Lined Field Channel LI : Lift Irrigation M : Million MC : Micro Catchment MCD : Major Check Dam MCP : Mega-Lift Construction Programme MCPD : More Crop per Drop MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Mha : Million Hectare MI : Major Irrigation/Micro Irrigation/Minor Irrigation MI : Major Irrigation/Micro Irrigation/Minor Irrigation MIP : Minor Irrigation Project MLALAD : Member of Legislative Assembly Local Area Development mm : Millimeters MMA : Macro Management of Agriculture M&MIP : Major and Medium Irrigation Project MoA : Ministry of Agriculture Mo RD : Ministry of Rural Development Mo WR : Ministry of Water Resources MPLAD : Member of Parliament Local Area Development MPV : Malkangiri Poteru Village MRILP : Minor River Irrigation Lift Project msl : Mean sea level MV : Malkangiri Village MW : Micro Watershed
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
M&MIP : Major and Medium Irrigation Project NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NB : Nalla Bunds NBSSLUP : Nation Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning NIA : Net Irrigated Area NP/CIP : New project/completion of incomplete project NSA : Net Sown Area NWP : National Water Policy JICA : Japan International Co-operation Agency OAIC : Odisha Agro Industry Corporation OCTMP : Odisha Community Tank Management Project OFD : On Farm Development O-GWRS : Other Ground Water Recharge Structure OLIC : Odisha Lift Irrigation Corporation OIIAWMP : Odisha Integrated Irrigated Agriculture and Water Management Programme OLIC : Odisha Lift Irrigation Corporation P-II : Providing Infrastructure for Irrigation PDMC : Per Drop More Crop PET : Potential Evapo-transpiration PHED : Public Health and Engineering Department PIP : Poteru Irrigation Project PMKYS : Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana PRI : Panchayat Raj Institution PSER : Potential Soil Erosion Rate PT : Percolation Tank R&D : Research & Development RCD : Renovation of Check Dam RIDF : Rural Infrastructure Development Fund RKVY : Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojona RM-IC/DWB : Renovation and maintenance of Irrigation Canals and Drains of Water Bodies RRR : Repair, Renovate and Restoration RWS : Rural Water Supply and Sanitation SAGY : Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana SAP : State Agriculture Plan SC/ST : Schedule Cast/Schedule Tribe SIP : State Irrigation Plan
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
SIP : Short Term Irrigation Project SLNA : State Level Nodal Agency SLPSC : State Level Project Screening Committee SLSC : State Level Sanctioning Committee SLUSI : Soil & Land Use Survey of India SMF : Small and Marginal Farmer SMI : Surface Minor Irrigation SREGP : Strategic Research &Extension Plan SRSA : State Remote Sensing Agency SRSA : State Remote Sensing Agency SSS : Secondary Storage Structures STP : Sewerage Treatment Plant SWMA : Supplementary Water Management Activity TCA : Total Cropped Area TGA : Total Geographical Area t/ha/yr : Tone Per Hectare Per Year UC : Utilization Certificate UC : Unlined Channel UCWP : Ultimate Crop Water Potential WC : Water Conservation WD : Watershed Development WHS : Water Harvesting Structure WP : Water Potential WR : Water Requirement WRIS : Water Resources Information System @ : At the Rate
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Malkangiri District Irrigation Plan- At a Glance
District Profile and Current Irrigation Status No. of Admin. Blocks 7 Total Cropped Area (Lakh ha) 1.97 Total Geographical Area (Lakh ha) 5.79 Irrigated (Lakh ha) 0.91 No. of Villages 928 Rainfed Area (Lakh ha) 1.08 SC/ST Population (%) 77.22 Total Surface + Ground Water 2.18 Available (BCM) Rainfall (mm) 994-1809 Stage of GWD (%) 8.79 Irrigation Potential Created Ending March,2015 (total in Lakh ha) 1.34 Kharif ( Lakh ha) 0.9128 Rabi (Lakh ha) 0.4306 Proposed Plan under DIP S.No Programme/Components Sub-components Area (ha) Total Budget (in Crore) I. Irrigation Potential to be Created A PMKSY AIBP 5169 77.090 PMKSY-other components HKKP* 2831 48.993 Watershed Development** 873 14.238 B Total (A+B) 8873 140.321 State plan Minor Medium C 6395 260.460 Agriculture NABARD D MGNREGA At WS & At Block 2318 52.1107 Total (A+B+C+D) 17586 452.892 II. Extension, Strengthening & Restoration of Ayacut(ha) HKKP* RRR E 4601 188.67 Lined channel F Watershed Development** Renovation 2075 208.34 Total (D+E) 397.01 III. DRIP & Sprinkler Irrigation(ha) PDMC Non-DPAP Drip G 3967 25.041 Non-DPAP Sprinkler H PDMC(SWMA) 884 68.226 I Convergence of MGNREGA 3684 219.314 Total (E+F+G+H+I) 15211 1162.483
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
SUMMARY
Malkangiri is the 13th largest district in the state and ranks 22nd in terms of gross cropped area in the state. The average annual rainfall varies from 994.05 mm to 1809.53 mm. District has 2.41% ST&SC population of the state and it has 60.93% ST population and 23% SC population within the district. The total cropped area is about 1.97 lakh ha out of which 0.91 lakh ha (46.2% of TCA) is irrigated and 1.08 lakh ha (53.8% of TCA) is under rainfed area where Kalimela block is fully irrigated . Among the different crop groups, cereals accounts for 38.0% of the irrigated area followed by oil seed crops (22.4%), pulses (16.4%), other crops (15.2%), coarse cereals (6.8%), and horticulture and plantation (1.1%), and. This indicates that major source of water in agriculture is being used for cultivation of cereals like paddy and maize. The total irrigated area from different source of surface irrigation and ground water is about 113473 ha in Malkangiri district out of which 71576 ha(63.0 %), 38721 ha (34.0%) and 3176 ha (3%) area are during kharif ,Rabi and summer, respectively. Maximum area under surface irrigation is from major and medium irrigation canal in all seasons. During kharif 57,901 ha (about 53%) of the total surface irrigated followed by 31903 ha(29 %) during Rabi season. Average ground water development in the Malkangiri district is 10% and it varied between 5.06 to 13.60% among the blocks. Highest in the block of Khairaput (13.6%) followed by Kalimela (12.42%) and Malkangiri (11.39%). The lowest ground water development in the block oh Podia (5.06%), followed by Mathili (7.76%). Total area under Canal command in four blocks of the district is 72342 ha out of which 44652 ha (61.7 %) is under developed and 27690 ha (38.3 %) under undeveloped. Among the existing type of irrigation systems, six surface irrigation government canal existing Malkangiri district in four blocks namely Malkangiri, Korkunda, Kalimela and Podia covering an area of 57901 ha. Maximum area irrigated through govt. canal in Kalimela block (23190 ha) followed by Podia (15354 ha) block. Total domestic water demand during 2025 will be 0.024894 BCM, whereas the present demand is 0.012541 BCM. Present crop water demand is highest for cereals (57%) followed by other crops (19%) and oilseeds (15%). Ultimate crop water potential (UCWP) to be created under different scenario varied from 0.331 to 2.986 BCM from 10 to 90% of the crop sown area to be irrigated. Similarly, water potential to be created at different scenario varied from -1.795 to 0.857 BCM. Available surface water resource (1.8400 BCM) is more than five times higher than total groundwater resource (0.3361 BCM). More than 55% of the total water resources are available in three blocks (Kalimela, Korkunda and Kudumulguma).
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Out of the total estimated budget of Rs. 1162.48 crore, all the component is distributed among the blocks with maximum of Rs 201.466 crore (17.33%) in Kalimela block followed by 188.56 ha and 176.4 ha K.Gumma and Korukonda blocks, respectively. AIBP component accounts for 6.63% of the total estimated budget for the district in order to cover the ongoing major, medium and minor irrigation projects. HKKP components accounts for 20.44 % (Rs. 237.66 crore) of the total budget to provide irrigation through various minor and lift irrigation to the different blocks of the district. PDMS (Micro irrigation) and PDMC (SWM) components accounts for about 8.02% of the total budget to cover the irrigated area through micro irrigation and other efficient water management practices. PKSY-WS accounts about 19.15% (Rs. 222.6 crore) of the total budget to create additional rainwater harvesting and its utilisation for ground water recharge and to provide protective irrigation. This component also includes soil and water conservation and repair and maintenance of already existing structures. Convergence through MGNREGA accounts 23.35% (Rs. 271.43 crore) of the total budget in the district mainly utilised for material components and earthwork components of PMKSY components. Apart from PMKSY, state irrigation plan/schemes accounts for about only 22.41% (Rs.260.5 crore) of the total budget to cover various ongoing irrigation schemes. A total of 17,586 ha is proposed to create irrigation potential under PMKSY which is 19.4% of the present total irrigated area and 16.3% of the present rainfed area. Maximum irrigation potential planned through SIP ( 6395 ha, 36%) followed by AIBP (5169 ha, 29%), HKKP (2831 ha, 16%), MGNREGA (2318,13%) and through watershed activities (873 ha, 5%%). Among the blocks, maximum irrigation potential is planned in Mathili (8573 ha, 49%) followed by Khairaput (3248 ha, 18%) and K.Gumma (2842 ha, 16%). The present average percent irrigated area is 45.6% (5.0 to 98.31% among the blocks) and proposed irrigated potential is alone accounts for 8.85% of the total cropped area (0.62 to 27.50%). The proposed irrigation potential is expected to increase the irrigated area in the district to 54.5% of the total cropped area and additional 16% of the rainfed area is expected to brought under assured irrigation through various components of PMKSY and State Irrigation Plans. A total cultivable command area of 0.7442 lakh ha with the estimated total budget of Rs. 5823 Crore. This expected to bring the total irrigated area of about 1.83 lakh ha after implementation of both short and long term irrigation plan in the district to cover about 92% of present total cropped area of 1.987 lakh ha.
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
A. An Over View of District Irrigation Plan under PMKSY A.1.0 Introduction A.1.1 Background- Water is an important basic resource directly and indirectly contributes to the overall development of the country. Hence for the better water conservation and its management, Government of India started an mega programme called “Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)” on 1st July, 2015 with the vision of extending the coverage of irrigation ‘Har Khet ko pani’ and improving water use efficiency ‘More crop per drop' in a focused manner with end to end solution on source creation, distribution, management, field application and extension activities. Due to constant pressure from our ever-growing population and increased urbanization, the cultivable area is shrinking. Presently we are utilizing only 634 BCM (56.46%) of water resources from the total water resources (1123 BCM). In fact there is a high demand /requirement for food grain production due to increasing population from the shrinking cultivable land. But there is a scope to improve the production by the proper use of available water resource (489 BCM) by increasing the irrigation area and by others water management methods. This goal can be achieved by bringing irrigation water to every farm, there is need to converge all ongoing efforts, put all efforts under one umbrella and to bridge the gaps through location specific innovative interventions. A.1.2 Vision
“Har Khet ko Pani Jal Sanchaya Jal Sinchan”
A.1.3 Objective The broad objectives of PMKSY will be: Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of district level and, if required, sub district level water use plans), Enhance the physical access to water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation (Har khet ko pani), Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and extent, Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop), Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices,
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas using the watershed approach towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and other NRM functionaries, Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries, Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture, and Attract greater private investment in irrigation.
A.1.4 Strategy / approach Malkangiri district irrigated area accounts for 45.6 % (90700 ha) of the TCA (198690 ha) and remaining 54.4% (107990 ha) of the GCA is under rainfed. This shows a balance between irrigated and rainfed area in the district. But gap continue to exist between the ultimate irrigation potential and the present irrigated area. Out of seven blocks, in two blocks irrigated area more than 50% of the TCA and in remaining blocks irrigated area is very low (5.0 to 43.1% of the TCA). There is wide variation in term of irrigation development among the blocks and it varied from 5.0 % to a maximum of 98.3% of the total cropped area. To address this inequality in irrigation development in the district, the blocks have been prioritized into high and low priority blocks for the irrigation development under PMKSY. The strategic approach is planned and proposed to bring the high priority blocks to at least 50% of the GCA under irrigation. To achieve objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focusing on end-to end solution in irrigation supply chain, viz. water sources, distribution network, efficient farm level applications, extension services on new technologies & information etc. The following table presents the strategies and approach followed in order to achieve the objectives under PMKSY.
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Priority Block Strategies and Approaches Followed to Achieve the Objectives Blocks with high ST/SC population Low percent irrigated area to the net sown area Low ground water development High percent area under wastelands Strategies under PMKSY Completion of on-going major & medium irrigation projects under AIBP Creation of surface water and its utilisation High Priority Blocks Creation of minor irrigation potentials Improving water distribution efficiency Lift irrigation and ground water development Soil and water conservations, Rainwater Harvesting structures Micro-scale water harvesting- New & Repair Increasing water application efficiency through micro irrigation Training and awareness generation Blocks with low ST/SC population Relatively high percent irrigated area to the net sown area Medium to high ground water development Low percent area under wastelands Strategies under PMKSY Completion of on-going major & medium irrigation projects under AIBP Low Priority Blocks Improving water distribution efficiency Increasing water application efficiency through micro irrigation Lift irrigation where ever its potential Soil and water conservations, Rainwater Harvesting structures Micro-scale water harvesting- New & Repair Ground water recharge structures Training and awareness generation Priority should be given to high priority blocks and followed by low priority blocks Convergence MGNREGA Approach State Irrigation Plans/Schemes Any External Aided/NABARD loaned Projects
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Components wise Priority for High & Low Priority Blocks
A.1.5 Rationale / justification statement Presently only about 45.6% of the total cropped area is under assured and protective irrigation in the Malkangiri District and remaining area of 54.4% total cropped area still rainfed and subjected to high risk of crop production. Substantial dependency on monsoon rainfall makes cultivation in unirrigated areas a high risk, less productive farming profession. To make the farming is a profitable enterprise and to provide substantial employment opportunities to the future generation for their sustainable livelihood security through assured and protective irrigation source is a viable option. Empirical evidences suggest that assured or protective irrigation encourages farmers to invest more in farming technology and inputs leading to productivity enhancement and increased farm income. The overreaching vision of PMKSY will be to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all farming community in the District, to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity. As per the guideline of PMKSY, DLIC is to prepare a perspective and strategic plan of District Irrigation Plan (DIP) based on the priorities of the blocks and indicate implementation strategy and expected outputs/outcomes, financial outlays and approach. The detailed strategic plan of Malkangiri District has been prepared based on the following criteria and approach.
Blocks are grouped into high and low priority blocks based on NSA, percent of NSA under irrigation, ST/SC population, and percent of wastelands and stage of GWD etc. The perspective plan provides strategic road map for implementation of component wise planned activities of PMSKY in a holistic approach for increasing area under irrigation. This also provides a strategic direction for development and management of rainfed area in the District and scope for
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
improvements of livelihoods of the rural community through minimizing failure of crops due to rainfall variability.
A.1.6 Presentation Structure of the District Irrigation Plan The flow chart given below provides the details about the presentation structure of the DIP of Malkangiri district.
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Chapter-I: General information of the District 1.1 District Profile 1.1.1 Introduction
Malkangiri is the southern-most district of Orissa. Malkangiri is the new home of the Bangladeshi refugees, who were rehabilitated since 1965 under the Dandakaranya Project. Currently it is one of the most naxalite affected areas of the state and is a part of the Red Corridor. Malkangiri was awarded the status of the district in October 1992, when the erstwhile Koraput district was divided into four new districts. The district lies between north latitudes 17º47’58” and 18º44’18” and East longitudes 81º23’23” and 82º27’05”. The Malkangiri town, the district headquarter is approachable from adjacent districts through State Highways.
The important towns of the district are well connected by road. The Kolab River along with its tributaries, the Potteru and Sileru Rivers is the most prominent river of the region. The hills and forests cover almost seventy six percent of the total geographical area of the district as per the classification of the forest area by legal status in Malkangiri district.
Fig 1.1.1: Malkangiri district map
6 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 1.1.1: Block wise latitude and longitude of Malkangiri district S. No District District Latitude Longitude Area (ha) Code 1 MALKANGIRI 399 17' 40" TO 18' 43" N 81' 22" TO 82' 25" E 579000 S. No Block Code Latitude Longitude Area (ha) 1 Kalimela 17° 50' 11.3244'' N 81° 25' 37.9632'' E 89276
2 Khairput 18° 26' 12.2208'' N 82° 16' 48.1980'' E 63900
3 Korukonda 18° 17' 18.2292'' N 81° 58' 11.4456'' E 98759
4 Kudumulugum 18° 32' 36.4236'' N 82° 13' 22.8432'' E 77054
5 Malkangiri 18° 20' 36.9096'' N 81° 52' 57.1008'' E 87441
6 Mathili 18° 32' 36.4236'' N 82° 13' 22.8432'' E 72456
7 Podia 17° 51' 45.9648'' N 81° 24' 26.2548'' E 90214
Based on the soil characteristic, cropping pattern, climatological and topographical features the district has been subdivided into two agro-climatic zones, namely South Eastern Ghat and Eastern Ghat highland. The South Eastern Ghat occupies almost the entire Malkangiri district. The principal crops are paddy, wheat and vegetables. Malkangiri district profile at a glance is presented in table 1.1.2.
In terms of geographical area Korukonda block having highest area (17.05 percent of total district area) followed by Podia (15.58 %) and Kalimela (15.42 %) with lowest area in Mathili block (11.03 %) (Fig. 1.1.2)
7 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 1.1.2: Malkangiri district profile at a glance S. No. Particular Statistics 1 General information Geographical area (Sq km) 5791 Numbers of blocks 7 Numbers of villages 928 th Total population as on 2011 census 612,727 (25 rank in Odisha) Density (Person/km2) 106 SC/ST population (%) 77.22 Average annual rainfall (range in mm) 994.05 mm to 1809.53 mm 48.54 Literacy rate Agriculture (>90%) Major occupancy 2 Geomorphology Hills, Intermontane Valleys, Pediment - Major physiographic units Inselberg complex and Bazada 3 Major land-use Forest (% to TGA) 24.69 Net Sown Area ((% to TGA) 20.01 Irrigated area (% of NSA) Waste lands (% to TGA) 1.15 4 Principal crops Paddy is the main crop sown during the Kharif seasons. Apart from paddy, other important Kharif crops are Maize, Ragi, millet and different type of pulses. In higher altitudes above 600 m potato is cultivated during Kharif season. During Rabi oil seeds are the main crops. Pulses and wheat are also grown substantially 5 Irrigation by different sources Dugwells, tube wells and bore wells - (Area and no. of structures) 2033 ha Tanks/ponds- 1310 ha Canals- 71150 ha 6 Water Resources (BCM) Ground water Ground water resource (Ha-m) 33598 Stage of GWD (%) 8.76 Surface Water (BCM) 1.84
8 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
1.1.2 History The history of Malkangiri seems to be in no way less thrilling and adventurous than any other place of India. The land of dense inaccessible forests, small but beautiful rivers, undulating plateaus and splendorous rich tribal culture, Malkangiri has its history of human civilization enrooted to as long as 2500 years back. Prior to the modern civilization, many mythological episodes took place in and around Malkangiri. During the reign of Lord Ramachandra, Malkangiri occupied an important place in the entire ‘Ramayana’. It was the holy river ‘The Tamasa’ and its environs which encouraged Saint Valmiki to express his internal feelings in the form of ‘The Ramayana’, the holiest book of the Hindus. During the period of Indus Valley civilization, a rich civilization flourished along the banks of the river ‘Tamasa’. In the year 1995, some ancient monuments were discovered from the same place, signifying the above facts. Also a big ‘Shiva Linga’ was discovered from beneath the ground here, en lighting a linkage of this civilization with that of Indus Valley civilization. The ancient Kings of this place, during the early Vedic and later Vedic periods, worshiped Lord Mallikeshwar, after whom they named their kingdom as ‘Mallika Nagari’. This Mallika Nagari gradually became Malkangiri in the modern times.
1.1.3 Rainfall and Climate
The district has a subtropical climate. South west monsoon is the principal source of rainfall. Rainfall pattern is uneven and erratic. The average annual rainfall gradually increases from South Western to North Eastern parts of the district. The average annual rainfall varies from 994.05 mm to 1809.53 mm. The agricultural definition of drought takes into account the negative departure of seasonal rainfall from the mean seasonal rainfall. A perusal of the frequency of occurrence of drought indicates that mild to normal drought condition prevails in Malkangiri District.
9 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
The climate of the district is tropical with hot and dry summer and pleasant winter. The summer season extends from March to middle of June followed by the rainy season from June to September. The winter season extends from November till the end of February. Maximum temperature rising up to 44 0C during May. In the summer months of April and May, hot winds from the west are generally experienced in the afternoon. December is the coldest month with lowest temperature during winter being 11 0C. Monsoon generally lasts from the end of May to October. Occasional showers are received in the month of April, November and December.
1.1.4 Ground Water Resources
The Ground Water Resources of the district has been assessed adopting the methodology recommended by the Groundwater Estimation Committee (1997), constituted by Govt. of India. The task was jointly carried out by the Central Ground Water Board and Ground water Survey & Investigation, Department of Water Resources, Govt. of Orissa. The Annual replenishable ground water resource in the district is 33598 Ha-m (0.33598 BCM), out of which the existing Ground Water Draft for irrigation is 2942 Ha-m (0.02942 BCM). The ground water draft for irrigation is through dug wells and tube wells. A large number of hand pumps fitted in PHED bore wells and tube wells also cater to the rural and urban water supply needs. On the basis of the estimated ground water potentials a detailed scheme for ground water development may be launched in the district. So far ground water development in the district has been meager, and all the blocks fall under the safe category. The overall Stage of Groundwater development of the district is 8.76 %. There is ample scope for stepping up ground water development in the district. The major source of recharge from rainfall (25%) and other source contribute only 8% towards total recharge of 34% with net ground water accounting to 31% (Fig. 1.1.4).
1.1.5 Soil Types The distribution of different soil types in the district depends much on its physiographic and lithologic variations. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, mode of origin and occurrence, soils of the district may be classified into two groups namely Alfisols (Red Soil) and Ultisols (Lateritic soil). Alfisols: Alfisols or red soil are the most prominent soil types in the district. There are two different varieties – red sandy soil and red loamy soil. They are red in colour and clayey in nature especially the loamy soil, poor in organic matter. Its fertility is low.
10 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Ultisols: Ultisols or lateritic soil occurs in a narrow diagonal strip across the district trending NE-SW. They are red to brown in colour and clayey in nature. Due to low organic matter content the fertility of lateritic soil is low. . 1.1.6 Agriculture
Agriculture is the main occupations of the vast majority of the population. However because of forest cover and rugged terrain conditions of the district agriculture is by and large confined to Kharif Season. Rabi cultivation is practiced at places, where irrigation facilities are available. No uniform cropping pattern seems to be followed in the district. Shifting or ‘Podu’ cultivation is practiced on high hill slopes. Paddy is the main crop sown during the Kharif seasons. Apart from paddy, other important Kharif crops are Maize, Ragi, millet and different type of pulses. In higher altitudes above 600 m potato is cultivated during Kharif season. During Rabi oil seeds are the main crops. Pulses and wheat are also grown substantially.
1.2 Demography
In 2011, Malkangiri had population of 613,192 of which male and female were 303,624 and 309,568 respectively. In 2001 census, it had a population of 504,198 of which males were 252,507 and remaining 251,691 were females. There was change of 21.62 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, District recorded increase of 19.39 percent to its population compared to 1991. (Detailed attached in Annexure 1.1
District has 3.5% ST&SC population of the state and it has 60.93% ST population and 23% SC population within the district. The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that density of the district for 2011 is 106 people per sq. km. In 2001, district density was at 87 people per sq. km. About 91.8% of the total population in the district lives in rural areas and hardly 8.2% constitutes the urban population in the district. There were total 109,092 children under age of 0-6 against 89,813 of 2001 census. Of total 109,092 male and female were 54,770 and 54,322 respectively. Trends shows that highest total population is in the Korukonda block (22.15%) followed by Kalimela (20.71%) and Mathili (16.84%) block. Khairput block has lowest population (7.5%) in the district (Fig. 1.2.1).
11 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 1.2 Demography profile of Malkangiri district
Name of Population SC ST GEN Total Block M F Ch (1-6) Total No. No. No. No. K. Gumma 30315 31844 12179 62159 5577 47683 8899 62159 Kalimela 58979 59150 20147 118129 42658 47598 27873 118129 Khairput 20754 22195 8255 42949 3124 31379 8446 42949 Korukonda 62246 64125 23072 126371 34614 71055 20702 126371 Malkangiri 32747 34220 12375 66967 14272 45322 7373 66967 Mathili 47471 48592 17612 96063 10112 69957 15994 96063 Podia 28731 29020 9571 57751 15252 34555 7944 57751 Dist total 3E+05 289146 103211 570389 1E+05 347549 97231 570389
Trends of tribe population show that in K.Gumma blocks almost 76% population is tribal followed by Khairput (64.71%), Mathili block (62.38%) and lowest in Kalimela block (40%) (Fig. 1.2.2). In Kalimela (38%) and Korukonda (22%) block having highest SC population (Fig. 1.2.2). In case of child population not much variation has been seen among blocks. It varies from 16 to 19% percent (Fig. 1.2.3).
12 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
13 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
1.3 Biomass and Livestock
Mainly Poultry, Ducks, Goats, Pig, Sheep, Cow and Buffaloes constitute major portion in livestock population (Table 1.3.1). In case of poultry population, K. Gumma block has 26.18% of poultry followed by Mathili (16.74 %) and Korukonda (13.34%). In case of Ducks average 14-16 percent population available with all the blocks (Table 1.3.2) Pigs are mainly available with Podia block (31.49 %) Sheep population mainly available with Korukonda block (33.64 %) followed by K. Gumma (20.25 %) and Mathili (18.72 %) (Table 1.3.2)
Table 1.3.1: Biomass and Livestock
Small Animals Large Animals Name of Poultry Ducks Pigs Goats Sheeps Indigenous Hybrid In descrptive Total Block (Nos.) (Nos.) (Nos.) (Nos.) (Nos.) Cow (Nos.) Cow Buffalo (Nos.) (Nos.) Malkangiri 34511 1126 6422 17831 3117 50145 1247 2625 117024
Korukonda 59595 1250 2226 22431 9165 74615 1157 4911 175350
Kalimela 57002 1312 7977 19873 2190 60704 1304 3616 153978
Podia 35498 1035 12914 18555 392 44714 197 3915 117220
K. Gumma 102000 901 2688 19924 5516 40342 111 1980 173462
Mathili 72011 1218 3388 26194 5100 55892 498 2521 166822
Khairput 29008 1181 5395 13439 1761 41793 238 1652 94467 TOTAL 389625 8023 41010 138247 27241 368205 4752 21220 998323
14 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 1.3.2 Block wise percent livestock population
Indigenous Hybrid Block Poulty Ducks Pigs Goats Sheeps Cow Cow
Malkangiri 8.86 14.03 15.66 12.90 11.44 13.62 26.24
Korukonda 15.30 15.58 5.43 16.23 33.64 20.26 24.35
Kalimela 14.63 16.35 19.45 14.37 8.04 16.49 27.44 Podia 9.11 12.90 31.49 13.42 1.44 12.14 4.15 K. Gumma 26.18 11.23 6.55 14.41 20.25 10.96 2.34 Mathili 18.48 15.18 8.26 18.95 18.72 15.18 10.48 Khairput 7.45 14.72 13.16 9.72 6.46 11.35 5.01
1.4 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography
Malkangiri district comes under Middle mountainous and high land region and South Eastern Ghat type of terrain. (Table 1.4.1) The district has a subtropical climate. South west monsoon is the principal source of rainfall. Rainfall pattern is uneven and erratic. Maximum temperature rising up to 440 C during May. In the summer months of April and May, hot winds from the west are generally experienced in the afternoon. December is the coldest month with lowest temperature during winter being 110 C Monsoons generally lasts from the end of May to October. Occasional showers are received in the month of April, November and December. (Table 1.4.1) The average annual rainfall gradually increases from South Western to North Eastern parts of the district. The average annual rainfall varies from 994.05 mm to 1809.53 mm. Average potential Evapo-transpiration is varied from 5 to 8 mm per day and 160 to 246 mm per month with annual 2234.16 mm (Fig. 1.4.2) The climate of the district is tropical with hot and dry summer and pleasant winter. The summer season extends from March to middle of June followed by the rainy season from June to September. The winter season extends from November till the end of February
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Fig. 1.4.1 Season wise monthly PET in Malkangiri district
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Table 1.4.1: Block wise agro-ecology, climate, hydrology and topography features of Malkangiri district
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1.5 Soil profile
Generally the major soil type found in Malkangiri district is lateritic soil (Alfisols), Slope wise distribution across block presented in table 1.5.1. Most of area available under 0-3% slope category (79.1%) followed by 3-8% slope (18.3%). The distribution of different soil types in the district depends much on its physiographic and lithologic variations. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, mode of origin and occurrence, soils of the district may be classified mainly in Alfisols Alfisols : It includes red sandy soils and red loamy soils. The red loamy and sandy soils are occurring in throughout the district. The characteristic features of red soils are (1) light texture, porous and friable structure, (2) absence of lime Kankar and free carbonates and (3) soluble salts in a small quantity usually not exceeding 0.05%. These are usually deficient in nitrogen, phosphate, organic matter and lime. These soils are suitable for cultivation of paddy and other crops. .
Table 1.5.1: Block wise soil type and slope wise area of Malkangiri district
S Name of the Soil Type Land Slope No Block Major Area 0-3% 3-8 % 3-25% >25% Soil (ha ) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Classes
1 Malkangiri Lateritic 15995 4798.5 4478.6 2239.3 44786
2 Korkunda Lateritic 36717 2276.45 660.9 440.6 293.73
3 Mathil Lateritic 21290 12774 5322.5 1703 1490.3
4 Kalimela Lateritic 26480 1456.4 609.04 423.68 158.88
5 Podia Lateritic 21644 16233 2597 1515 1298.64
6 Khairput Lateritic 9915 495.75 2776.2 6246.45 396.6
7 K.Gumma Lateritic 9519 2284.5 3046 1713.42 2474.94
Total 141560 40318.6 19490.24 14281.45 50899.09
18 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
19 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
1.6 Soil Erosion and Runoff status
Potential soil erosion rate revealed that, mare than 30% of the TGA in the district is below 5 t/ha/year followed by 5-10 t/ha/yr (21.42%), 20-40 t/ha/yr (19.45%) and 40-80 t/ha/yr (15.72%). Table 1.6.1 revealed that, more than 30% of the TGA of the district have potential soil erosion rate of >15 t/ha/yr (Table 1.6.1). It indicates that soil erosion rates are higher than the permissible limit and needs suitable soil and water conservation measures particularly under PMKSY-watershed management.
Table 1.6.1: Potential soil erosion rate in Malkangiri district
1.7 Land use Pattern
Malkangiri district showed wide variation in land use pattern. The land utilization pattern indicates that out of total geographical area, the forest area constitute 156493 ha. (27.02 %) and the net sown area is 142550 ha. Cropping intensity of the district is lower than the state average. Average cropping intensity of the district is 122.4%. The blocks namely Kalimela, Korkunda, Malkangiri having more cropping intensity than district average (Fig. 1.7.1). There is a scope to increase cropping intensity by increasing area under irrigation thus provides water source for growing second crops. Area under wasteland is low and maximum is in the blocks of Korkunda block (Table 1.7.1).
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Table 1.7.1 Land use pattern of Malkangiri district
S Name of Total Area Under Agriculture Area Area Area No Blocks Geographical Under under Under Area (ha) Gross Net Area Cropping Forest Wsteland Other Cropped Sown sown > Intensity (ha) (ha) Uses Area (ha) Area once (% ) (ha) (ha)
1 Malkangiri 87441 20470 16213 4257 126 14125 53 3326 2 Korkunda 98759 45241 35035 10206 129 24469 1588 7622
3 Mathil 72456 22842 21834 1008 105 26487 706 3519 4 Kalimela 89276 46874 26760 20114 175 30603 617 3285
5 Podia 90214 25825 21985 3840 117 18732 747 4054 6 Khairput 63900 10710 10140 570 102 17009 84 1638 7 K.Gumma 77054 10948 10583 365 103 25068 982 2039 Total 579100 182910 142550 40360 156493 4777 25483
21 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
22 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Chapter II: District Water Profile
A scarce natural resource, water is fundamental to life, livelihood, food security and sustainable development. The National Water Policy (2002) document very categorically states that water is a prime natural resource, a basic human need and a precious national asset. It further states that it is one of the most crucial elements in developmental planning. Agricultural sector in India in general and in Odisha in particular has been and is likely to remain the major use of water. Undoubted, irrigation has been one of the pillars of green revolution and key factor in imparting resilience and drought proofing to agriculture. In this context, Malkangiri district of Odisha, is one of the few places which is richly endowed with water resources with an average annual rainfall varies from 994.0 mm to 1809.5 mm (Table 1.4). It is worth while to mention that barring a few districts, level of groundwater development in Malkangiri district is less than 10 % (Table 3.2). Realizing the importance of the water resources and the role it would play in enhancing agricultural production in a sustainable manner, Government has developed irrigation resources. The district water profile particularly for agricultural use for raising different crops is presented in this section. Understanding the area under irrigated by different crops provides making strategies for efficient utilization of scare water resources for bring rainfed areas under irrigation.
2.1 Crops and block-wise Irrigated and Rainfed Area
The crop wise and block wise irrigated and rainfed area in Malkangiri district is presented in Table 2.1. The block wise information of Malkangiri district, related to the season and crop- wise irrigation status are presented in Table 2.1.1 to 2.1.7. The total cropped area is about 1.99 lakh ha out of which 0.91 lakh ha (45.6% of TCA) is irrigated and 1.08 lakh ha (54.4% of TCA) is under rainfed area (Table 2.1). Kalimela block is fully irrigated (98 % of TCA). The blocks like Korukonda, Malkangiri, and Podia, in which percent of irrigated areas are high as compared to other blocks, and Kudumulugum block is poorly irrigated (5.0% of TCA) (Fig. 2.1.1) Among the different crop groups, cereals accounts for 38.0% of the irrigated area followed by oil seed crops (22.4%), pulses (16.4%), other crops (15.2%), coarse cereals (5.6%), and horticulture and plantation (1.1%), and. This indicates that major source of water in agriculture is being used for cultivation of cereals like paddy and maize (Table 2.1). In the district as a whole, total cereal accounts for 20.5 % of the TCA is under irrigated and 32.1% of the total TCA is under rainfed (Fig.2.1.2). Among the blocks, Kalimela (35.6%), Podia (34.5%), Korukonda (22.4%) having higher percent of the TCA is under irrigated and followed by Malkangiri (21.5%). Other hand, Mathili 23
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
(70.7%), Kudumulugum (65.8%), and Khairaput (63.6%) are the blocks, where higher percent of TCA is under rainfed cereals. Total pulses accounts only 7.5% of the TCA is under irrigated and 4.8% is under rainfed in the Malkangiri district. The blocks like Kalimela (29.4%), Podia (6.1%), Malkangiri (2.3%) and Korukonda (2.1%) are the blocks having higher percent of the total pulses under irrigated (Fig.2.1.3) In Malkangiri district, only 23.2% the TCA is under irrigated food crops and nearly 43.5% of the TCA is under rainfed food crops (Fig.2.1.4). The blocks like Kalimela (65.0%), Podia (40.6%), Korukonda (24.6%) and Malkangiri (23.7%) are having higher per cent of TCA under irrigated food crops. This suggests that other blocks having greater potential to convert rainfed area into irrigated. Oil seeds account 10.2% of the TCA under irrigated and 14.4% of the TCA under rainfed, which shows majority of the oilseeds is under rainfed areas. In the district, Kalimela (25.9%), Podia (17.3%) and Korukonda (8.0%) blocks are having maximum percentage of TCA, under irrigated oil seeds (Fig 2.1.5). Other crops including fibre crops accounts about 7.0% of the GCA is irrigated but percent area under rainfed is 1.4%, due to major crops are being the vegetable crops is under irrigated (Fig.2.1.6) In the district hardly 0.5% of the TCA is irrigated horticulture and plantation crops and, 1.5% of the TCA is under rainfed horticulture & plantation (Fig.2.1.7). Particularly Malkangiri block is having more horticulture and plantation cropped area than other blocks in the district.
24
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 2.1 : Crop wise and block wise irrigated and rainfed area in Malkangiri District S.No Block Cereals Coarse Cereals Pulses Oil seed Fibre Any other Hort & Plantation Total TCA IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF IR RF 1 Kalimela 12040 0 2067 288 11675 14 10277 14 40 0 2749 122 157 231 39004 671 39675 2 Khairaput 232 5402 166 3867 21 1539 111 1926 0 0 322 736 69 181 921 13651 14572 3 Korukonda 9857 11679 1418 2313 1071 2593 4028 10392 0 218 4950 740 370 658 21693 28593 50286 4 Kudumulugum 63 5937 205 3970 7 1405 87 2019 0 0 357 767 35 206 754 14304 15057 5 Malkangiri 4004 5925 955 1206 521 1984 1337 3957 0 98 1776 215 273 852 8865 14237 23102 6 Mathili 365 17349 715 4683 45 1542 210 4416 0 28 1113 151 54 508 2502 28676 31179 7 Podia 7910 149 653 1049 1518 366 4286 5804 0 70 2554 84 41 334 16961 7858 24819 Total 34470 46441 6178 17377 14858 9442 20335 28528 40 415 13821 2815 999 2970 90700 107990 198690 IR=Irrigated; RF=Rainfed
Table 2.1.1: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kalimela block of Malkangiri district Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 14350 0 14350 0 0 0 205 0 205 14555 0 14555 B. Coarse Cereals 1700 0 1700 799 205 1004 0 0 0 2499 205 2704 C. Pulses 1650 10 1660 11316 0 11316 1148 0 1148 14114 10 14124 D. Oil seeds 5875 10 5885 6549 0 6549 0 0 0 12424 10 12434 E. Fibre 50 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 50 F. Any Other 3138 87 3225 185 0 185 0 0 0 3323 87 3410 Horticulture & 190 165 355 Plantation
25
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 2.1.2: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Khairaput block of Malkangiri district Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 260 3840 4100 0 0 0 20 0 20 280 3840 4120 B. Coarse Cereals 176 2749 2925 25 0 25 0 0 0 201 2749 2950 C. Pulses 0 1064 1064 18 30 48 7 0 7 25 1094 1119 D. Oil seeds 0 1369 1369 134 0 134 0 0 0 134 1369 1503 E. Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F. Any Other 209 523 732 180 0 180 0 0 0 389 523 912 Horticulture & 84 129 213 Plantation
Table 2.1.3: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Korukonda block of Malkangiri district Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 11116 8302 19418 0 0 0 800 0 800 11916 8302 20218 B. Coarse Cereals 1145 1644 2789 569 0 569 0 0 0 1714 1644 3358 C. Pulses 265 1613 1878 645 230 875 385 0 385 1295 1843 3138 D. Oil seeds 650 7387 8037 4219 0 4219 0 0 0 4869 7387 12256 E. Fibre 0 155 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 155 F. Any Other 2382 526 2908 3602 0 3602 0 0 0 5984 526 6510 447 469 916 Horticulture & Plantation
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 2.1.4: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Kudumulugum block of Malkangiri district Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 50 4220 4270 0 0 0 26 0 26 76 4220 4296 B. Coarse Cereals 178 2822 3000 70 0 70 0 0 0 248 2822 3070 C. Pulses 0 962 962 5 37 42 3 0 3 8 999 1007 D. Oil seeds 50 1435 1485 55 0 55 0 0 0 105 1435 1540 E. Fibre 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F. Any Other 281 545 826 151 0 151 0 0 0 432 545 977 Horticulture & 42 147 189 Plantation
Table 2.1.5: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Malkangiri block of Malkangiri district Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 4634 4212 8846 0 0 0 206 0 206 4840 4212 9052 B. Coarse Cereals 924 857 1781 230 0 230 0 0 0 1154 857 2011 C. Pulses 350 1175 1525 120 235 355 160 0 160 630 1410 2040 D. Oil seeds 300 2813 3113 1316 0 1316 0 0 0 1616 2813 4429 E. Fibre 0 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 70 F. Any Other 737 153 890 1410 0 1410 0 0 0 2147 153 2300 Horticulture & 330 607 937 Plantation
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 2.1.6: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Mathili block of Malkangiri district Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 407 12332 12739 0 0 0 34 0 34 441 12332 12773 B. Coarse Cereals 753 3329 4082 111 0 111 0 0 0 864 3329 4193 C. Pulses 0 1026 1026 35 70 105 20 0 20 55 1096 1151 D. Oil seeds 9 3139 3148 245 0 245 0 0 0 254 3139 3393 E. Fibre 0 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 F. Any Other 754 107 861 592 0 592 0 0 0 1346 107 1453 65 362 427 Horticulture & Plantation
Table 2.1.7: Season and crop wise area under rainfed and irrigated in Papdahandi block of Malkangiri district Crop type Kharif (ha) Rabi (ha) Summer (ha) Total (ha) Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF Total IR RF A. Cereals 9494 106 9600 0 0 0 69 0 69 9563 106 9669 B. Coarse Cereals 729 746 1475 60 0 60 0 0 0 789 746 1535 C. Pulses 1615 55 1670 106 205 311 114 0 114 1835 260 2095 D. Oil seeds 3554 4126 7680 1627 0 1627 0 0 0 5181 4126 9307 E. Fibre 0 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 F. Any Other 1310 60 1370 1777 0 1777 0 0 0 3087 60 3147 50 238 288 Horticulture & Plantation
28
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Fig. 2.1.1: Percentage irrigated and rainfed area in different blocks of Malkangiri district
Fig. 2.1.2: Block wise distribution of irrigated and Fig. 2.1.4: Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Cereals rainfed area under Total Oil Seeds
Fig. 2.1.3: Block wise distribution of irrigated and Fig. 2.1.5: Block wise distribution of irrigated rainfed area under Pulses and rainfed area under Total Food
29
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Fig. 2.1.6: Block wise distribution of irrigated and Fig. 2.1.7: Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area under Fibre and Other crops rainfed area under Horticulture and Plantation
2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops
The crop wise production, productivity, and cost of cultivation under rainfed and irrigated condition in Malkangiri district is presented in Table 2.2.
Productivity of irrigated kharif cereals is 4800 kg/ha, whereas rainfed cereals is 3200 kg/ha (Table 2.2). Similarly productivity of irrigated kharif coarse cereals is 3500 kg/ha, whereas rainfed cereals is 2800 kg/ha (Table 2.2). The productivity irrigated pulses is nearly 1.2 and 1.6 times more than that of rainfed pulses during kharif and rabi season respectively (Fig. 2.2.1 and Fig. 2.2.2). The productivity of rabi irrigated oil seeds is more than both the kharif irrigated and rainfed oil seeds (Table 2.2). In Malkangiri, fibre crops grown only in kharif season, and the irrigated fibre crop productivity is 1.4 times higher than that of rainfed crop (Fig. 2.2.1). In case of any other crops mainly vegetables, the productivity of irrigated vegetables is nearly 1.15 and 1.45 times more than that of rainfed vegetables during kharif and rabi season respectively (Fig. 2.2.1 and Fig. 2.2.2).
30
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 2.2: Production and productivity of major crops under irrigated & rainfed condition in Malkangiri district
Season Crop sown Irrigated Rainfed Total
(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha)
(Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha)
(MT/yr) (MT/yr) (MT/yr)
Area (ha) Area (ha) Area (ha) Area
Production Production Production Production
Productivity Productivity Productivity Productivity
Cost Cultivation Cultivation Cost Cultivation Cost Cultivation Cost
Kharif Cereals 40,311 1,93,493 4,800 25,000 33,012 1,05,638 3,200 30,000 73,323 2,99,131 4,000 27,500
Coarse 5,605 19,618 3,500 28,000 12,147 34,012 2,800 22,000 17,752 53,629 3,150 25,000 cereals Pulses 3,880 3,259 840 20,000 5,905 4,045 685 16,000 9,785 7,304 763 18,000
Oil seeds 10,438 13,361 1,280 24,000 20,279 21,800 1,075 20,000 30,717 35,161 1,178 22,000 Fibre crops 50 44 870 18,000 295 189 640 16,000 345 232 755 17,000
Any other 8,811 63,298 7,184 38,000 2,001 12,502 6,248 32,000 10,812 75,800 6,716 35,000 Rabi Coarse 1,864 6,524 3,500 28,000 205 431 2,100 22,000 2,069 6,955 2,800 25,000 cereals
Pulses 12,245 10,531 860 20,000 807 436 540 16,000 13,052 10,966 700 18,000
Oil seeds 14,145 18,671 1,320 24,000 - - - 20,000 14,145 18,671 660 22,000 ------Fibre crops Any other 7,897 66,935 8,476 38,000 - - 5,840 32,000 7,897 66,935 7,158 35,000 Summer Cereals 1,360 6,528 4,800 25,000 - - - - 1,360 6,528 2,400 12,500
Pulses 1,837 1,543 840 20,000 - - - - 1,837 1,543 420 10,000 Horticultural & 1,208 9,060 7,500 40,000 2,117 14,819 7,000 32,000 3,325 23,879 7,250 36,000 Plantation
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Fig. 2.2.1: Productivity of kharif crops under irrigated and rainfed condition in Malkangiri district.
Fig. 2.2.2: Productivity of rabi crops under irrigated and rainfed condition in Malkangiri district. 32
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
2.3: Irrigation Based Classification
Cultivable land is grouped in to irrigated and rainfed area. Under irrigated area, again it classified into gross irrigated area and net irrigated area. Partially irrigated/Protective irrigation area under rainfed area has been found to be 20-50% of the total rainfed area, and this protective irrigation mainly through various kinds of rainwater harvesting structures particularly developed through watershed and other programmes like MGNREAGA etc. Block wise irrigated and rainfed area is presented in table 2.3. Kalimela block has highest net irrigated area followed by Korukonda block (Table 2.3). Kudumulugum, Khairaput and Mathili blocks have least net irrigated area in the district (Table 2.3). Partially irrigated or protective irrigated area prevails in all blocks, highest in Mathili block (5986 ha), followed by Korukonda block (5888 ha) (Fig. 2.3.1). In different blocks, percentage of partially or protective area ranges 20-50 % of the rainfed area of the blocks, highest for Kalimela (50% of rainfed area) (Table 2.3). Percentage of Net Irrigated Area (NIA) to Net Sown Area (NSA) is highest for Kalimela block (97.4%), followed by Podia (76.0%) and Korukonda (44.4%), whereas same is least for Kudumulugum (5.3%) (Fig. 2.3.2). Similarly percent of Total Irrigated Area (TIA) to TCA is highest for Kalimela block (83.2%), followed by Podia (65.7%) and Korukonda (47.9%), whereas same is least for Kudumulugum (6.9%) (Fig. 2.3.2).
Table 2.3: Block wise irrigation based classification-Block wise total irrigated, NIA and rainfed area in Malkangiri district of Odisha S. Block Irrigated Area (ha) Rainfed (ha) No. Total Net Partially irrigated Totally Rainfed Irrigated Irrigated /Protective Area Area Irrigation 1 Kalimela 39004 26063 332 671 2 Khariaput 921 645 2864 13651 3 Korukonda 21693 15558 5888 28593 4 Kudumulugum 754 559 2995 14304 5 Malkangiri 8865 6945 2784 14237 6 Mathili 2502 1923 5986 28676 7 Podia 16961 16702 1543 7858 Total 90700 68395 22392 107990
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District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Fig. 2.3.1.: Block wise distribution of irrigated and rainfed area in Malkangiri district.
Fig. 2.3.2.: Block wise distribution of percentage of NIA and TIA to NSA and TCA in Malkangiri district.
34
District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Chapter -III: Water Availability
The source of water for irrigation can include surface water sources, ground water sources, and other agricultural and industrial process wastewaters. The status of water availability varies over season and quantity depends on different type of irrigation sources in Malkangiri district (Table 3.1). Water obtained for surface irrigation from canal through major and medium irrigation projects, minor irrigation tanks, through lift irrigation and from many other perennial sources. Ground water obtained only from open wells and deep tube wells. While transporting irrigation water from the source to the field, the major concern should be to minimize the conveyance loss, to achieve high irrigation efficiency and switch more area from rainfed to irrigation.
3.1 Status of Water Availability
The irrigation potential created and status of water availability under different type of irrigation sources in Malkangiri district is presented in table 3.1a and table 3.1b.
Table 3.1a: Irrigation potential created under different sources in Malkangiri district
Irrigation Potential Kharif Rabi ('000 ha) ('000 ha) Maj & Med (ending 03/2015) 70.030 34.650 Minor flow (ending 03/2015) 4.086 0.351 LI Point 6.748 3.775 Deep Bore Well 7.350 1.974 ** Other Sources (ending 03/2014) 2.959 2.313 *** Other Sources Jalanidhi -I & II during 2014-15 by Agri. Dept. & OAIC 0.107 0.000 Total 91.28 43.063 134.343
35 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 3.1b: Different sources of water availability in Malkangiri district (ha) S. Source Kharif Rabi Summer Total No 1 Surface Irrigation i. Canal (Major & Medium 57901 31903 1625 91429 Irrigation) ii. Minor Irrigation tanks 2251 393 15 2659 iii. Lift Irrigation / Diversion 7108 3307 396 10811 iv. Various Water Bodies including 1295 706 356 2357 Rain Water Harvesting v. Treated Effluent Received from 0 0 0 0 STP vi Untreated Effluent 0 0 0 0 vii. Perennial Source of Water 725 444 155 1324 Sub-total 69280 36753 2547 108580 2 Ground Water i. Open Well 251 251 0 502 ii. Deep Tube Well 2045 1717 629 4391 iii. Medium Tube Well 0 0 0 0 iv. Shallow Tube Wells 0 0 0 0 Sub-total 2296 1968 629 4893
Total 71576 38721 3176 113473 (Source: CWC, CGWB, District Irrigation and Agriculture office records)
The total irrigated area from different source of surface irrigation and ground water is about 113473 ha in Malkangiri district out of which 71576 ha(63.0 %), 38721 ha (34.0%) and 3176 ha (3%) area are during kharif ,Rabi and summer, respectively. Maximum area under surface irrigation is from major and medium irrigation canal in all seasons. During kharif 57,901 ha (about 53%) of the total surface irrigated followed by 31903 ha(29 %) during Rabi season. Among other source of surface irrigation, lift irrigation/diversion drain contributes significant area both during Kharif and Rabi season (Fig.3.1.1). Maximum ground water is available for irrigation from deep tube well during Kharif (2045 ha, about 41 % and 1717 ha, 35 % of the total ground water irrigated) followed by open well (251 ha, about 5 %) during Kharif and Rabi, respectively (Fig.3.1.2). Medium and shallow tube wells are not available in the district.
36 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Surface irrigation through perennial Source of Water contributes only 725ha, 444ha and 155 ha during Kharif, Rabi and summer, respectively.
Fig.3.1.1: Different source of surface irrigation during Kharif and Rabi
Fig.3.1.2: Ground water irrigation during Kharif and Rabi
37 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
3.2 Status of Ground Water Availability
Total ground water recharge in different blocks of Malkangiri district is 0.336 BCM out of which, the draft is only 0.03188 BCM (9.5 %) thereby generating a gap of 0.3041 BCM (90.5 %). Ground water draft varies only in the range of 5.1-13.6 % and gap in the range of 86.4- 94.9 % of the ground water recharge in different blocks of Malkangiri (Table 3.2 and Fig.3.2.1). Maximum (0.0684 BCM) and minimum (0.0222 BCM) ground water recharge were found in Korkunda and Khairaput block, respectively. Maximum (0.0068 BCM) and minimum (0.0028 BCM) ground water draft were found in Korkunda and Podia block, respectively. Maximum (0.0617 BCM) and minimum (0.0192 BCM) ground water gap in utilization were found in Korkunda and Khairaput block, respectively. However, all the blocks were found in very much ground water gap in utilization in Malkangiri district showing a enormous scope of ground water utilization. Average ground water development in the Malkangiri district is 10% and it varied between 5.06 to 13.60% among the blocks. Highest in the block of Khairaput (13.6%) followed by Kalimela (12.42%) and Malkangiri (11.39%). The lowest ground water development in the block oh Podia (5.06%), followed by Mathili (7.76%). (Figure 3.2.2) Table 3.2: Block wise status of ground water availability in Malkangiri district Status of Block as per Central Ground Water Ground Water (BCM) Commission Name of Block Critical Semi- Safe Draft Recharge Gap critical Kalimela - - Safe 0.0065 0.0527 0.0461
Khairaput - - Safe 0.0030 0.0222 0.0192
Korkunda - - Safe 0.0068 0.0684 0.0617
Kudumuluguma - - Safe 0.0033 0.0351 0.0318
Malkangiri - - Safe 0.0050 0.0436 0.0386
Mathili - - Safe 0.0045 0.0581 0.0536
Podia - - Safe 0.0028 0.0560 0.0531
Total 0.0319 0.3360 0.3041
38 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Fig.3.2.1: Status of Ground Water Availability in Malkangiri district
39 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
3.3 Status of Command Area
Total area under Canal command in four blocks of the district is 72342 ha out of which 44652 ha (61.7 %) is under developed and 27690 ha (38.3 %) under undeveloped (Table 3.3 and Fig.3.3.1).
Information on the other Services Command is not available for the district.
40 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 3.3: Status of command area in Malakangiri district, in Odisha (ha) S. Name of the Village Information of Canal Command Information on the other Services Total Area No. Command Total Area Developed Undeveloped Total Area Developed Undeveloped Developed Undeveloped Area Area Area Area Area Area 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4+7 5+8 1 Malkangiri 5554 4421 1133 4421 1133
2 Korkunda 18198 11931 6267 11931 6267
3 Podia 17983 7988 9995 7988 9995
4 Kalimela 30606 20312 10295 20312 10295
Total 72342 44652 27690 0 0 0 44652 27690
Source: CADA, CGWB
41 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
3.4 Existing type of Irrigation
Block wise irrigation infrastructure for surface irrigation through canal command, Tanks/Ponds/Reservoirs, extraction of ground water through government and private private tube well, open well and bore well, other irrigation sources including Water harvesting structure and Water extraction devices for the Malkangiri district is given in Table 3.4.
Among the existing type of irrigation systems, six surface irrigation government canal existing Malkangiri district in four blocks namely Malkangiri, Korkunda, Kalimela and Podia covering an area of 57901 ha. Maximum area irrigated through govt. canal in Kalimela block (23190 ha) followed by Podia (15354 ha) block (Fig.3.4.1).
Three blocks viz., Mathili, Khairput, Guma are not having any govt. canal for irrigation where as there is no community based/private canal in the district.
Tank/ponds/reservoirs are an exceptional source of surface irrigation in Malkangiri district. A total of 77 community ponds and 23 Govt. reservoirs exist in district.
Maximum area irrigated through community ponds are in Korkunda block (625 ha) followed by remaining blocks only in the range of 90-130 ha each. Similarly maximum area irrigated through Govt. reservoirs in Korkunda block (1631 ha) and the remaining block in the range of only 111-597 ha with no area in Guma block (Fig.3.4.2).
There are only 1255 private open well and 1183 private Bore well as source of ground water for irrigating an area of 251 ha and 2045 ha, respectively. There is no tube wells either Govt. or private and community or Govt. open well used for irrigation in any blocks of the district.
There are 394 Nos. of other source of irrigation including water harvesting structures irrigating an area of 7833 ha in the district with maximum area of 1826 ha in Kalimela block followed by 1520 ha area in Korkunda block .
There are only 1535 electicity pump and 2255 diesel pump used for water extraction in irrigation in the district, showing a great scope of using more water extraction devices in the district.
More diesel pumps are used in comparison to electicity pump, may be due to non availablity of electicity near the source of water.
Highest number of water exctracting devices (1029) including both diesel and eclectric pump is in Korkunda block followed by Kalimela and Malkangiri blocks (Fig.3.4.3).
A maximum of 36 % area is irrigated in Kalimela block from all sources followed by Podia block (23%) and lowest in Guma block (1%) in the district (Fig.3.4.4).
42 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
43 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
44 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
45 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Chapter IV: Water Requirement /Demand
Water is required for domestic, agricultural, hydro-power, thermal power, navigation, recreation, industries, etc. With a growing population and rising needs of a fast developing in all sectors as well as the given indications of the impact of climate change, availability of utilizable water will be under further strain in the future with the possibility of deepening water stress and conflicting situation among different user groups. Low consciousness about the scarcity of water and its life sustaining and economic value results in its mismanagement, wastage, and inefficient use, as also pollution and reduction of flows below minimum ecological needs. In addition, there are inequities in distribution and lack of a unified perspective in planning, management and use of water resources. This section presents the water demands for various purposes like domestic, agriculture, livestock, commercial industries, other major scale industries, power generation etc. during current situation and projected demand for 2025.
4.1 Domestic Water Demand
Domestic water demand was assessed based on the rural and urban population water needs for drinking and other domestic purposes. Present water demand for domestic purpose was estimated by considering the water requirement per capita @ 60 and 80 lpd water for rural and urban population, respectively. The projected estimate for 2025 is made by considering the water demand @ 100 and 135 lpd for rural and urban population, respectively. The population at 2025 is estimated by considering the cumulative growth of 21% from the base year of 2011. Block wise domestic water demand for rural, urban and total population wise is presented in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Domestic Water Demand of Malkangiri district GWD GWD Block Population 2011 Population 2025 District Block Name 2011 2025 code Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total (BCM) (BCM) 308 Mathili 96063 0 96063 116236 0 116236 0.002104 0.004243 309 Khairaput 42949 0 42949 51968 0 51968 0.000941 0.001897 310 Kudumulguma 62159 0 62159 75212 0 75212 0.001361 0.002745 Malkangiri 311 Malkangiri 66967 0 66967 81030 0 81030 0.001467 0.002958 312 Korkunda 119646 6725 126371 144772 0 144772 0.002817 0.005284 313 Podia 57751 0 57751 69879 0 69879 0.001265 0.002551 314 Kalimela 118129 0 118129 142936 0 142936 0.002587 0.005217 Total 563664 6725 570389 682033 0 682033 0.012541 0.024894
46 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
The increase of population over 14 years (2011-2025) is nearly 21% (Figure 4.1.1), but the domestic water demand seems to be double during this period. Total domestic water demand during 2025 will be 0.024894 BCM, whereas the present demand is 0.012541 BCM. Among the blocks, Korkunda has the highest domestic water demand, followed by Kalimela, Mathili, Malkangiri, Kudumulguma, and Podia. The least domestic water demand was there in Khairaput block (Figure 4.1.2).
47 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
To ensure domestic water supply, along with the quantity we have to ensure the water quality. Roof top rain water harvesting will be a viable alternate (Priority will go down from Government buildings to individual household).
4.2 Crop Water Demand
Crop water demand was calculated based on the average water requirement of major cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, spices & condiments and sugarcane crops multiplied by the present and future irrigated area for that particular crop. Existing crop water potential required is estimated after meeting domestic + livestock and industrial water demand. Ultimate water potential to be created is estimated at different scenarios of 10 to 90% of the crop sown area to be brought under irrigation and assuming average 40% field application efficiency of irrigation water. Water potential to be created at different scenario is arrived by subtracting existing water potential from the ultimate crop water potential to be created at different scenarios.
The current crop water demand is estimated to be 0.774 BCM and major crop groups are cereals and oilseeds (Table 4.2). The existing water potential is 2.176 BCM and the existing water potential available for crops after meeting the demand of domestic, livestock and industries comes down to 2.126 BCM. Present crop water demand is highest for cereals (57%) followed by other crops (19%) and oilseeds (15%) (Figure 4.2.1). Ultimate crop water potential (UCWP) to be created under different scenario varied from 0.331 to 2.986 BCM from 10 to 90% of the crop sown area to be irrigated (Figure 4.2.2). Similarly, water potential to be created at different scenario varied from -1.795 to 0.857 BCM. Crop water demand during 2025 will be like cereals (71%) followed by other crops like sugarcane (16%) and pulses (6%). Vegetables, pulses and oilseeds need priority for additional water.
48 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Table 4.2: Crop water requirement of Malkangiri district
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potential scinarios
Crops
Area sown sown Area
2011 2011 (BCM)
Irrigated area Irrigated
potential after after potential
Existing water water Existing water Existing
Ultimate water water Ultimate irrigated) to be
Industry demand Industry
created at different different at created
Crop water demand demand Crop water
Water potential to be to be Water potential
Crop water demand demand Crop water
Domestic+ Livestock+ Livestock+ Domestic+ area sown Crop (% of potential to be created be to potential
ha ha mm BCM
10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% B C D E F G H I Cereals 74683 41671 1000 0.417 1.238 1.210 0.187 0.467 0.934 1.400 1.680 -1.023 -0.743 -0.276 0.191 0.471 Coarse cereals 19821 7469 450 0.034 0.050 0.049 0.022 0.056 0.111 0.167 0.201 -0.027 0.006 0.062 0.118 0.151 Pulses 24674 17962 500 0.090 0.029 0.028 0.031 0.077 0.154 0.231 0.278 0.003 0.049 0.126 0.203 0.250 Oilseeds 44862 24583 500 0.123 0.316 0.309 0.056 0.140 0.280 0.421 0.505 -0.253 -0.169 -0.029 0.111 0.196 Horticulture 3325 1208 900 0.011 0.139 0.136 0.007 0.019 0.037 0.056 0.067 -0.129 -0.117 -0.099 -0.080 -0.069 Any other 18709 16708 600 0.100 0.403 0.394 0.028 0.070 0.140 0.210 0.253 -0.366 -0.324 -0.254 -0.184 -0.142 Total 186074 109601 3950 0.774 2.176 2.126 0.331 0.829 1.657 2.486 2.983 -1.795 -1.298 -0.469 0.360 0.857
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50 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Crop water demand for different blocks of Malkangiri district will be in the following order: Kalimela > Korkunda > Podia > Malkangiri > Mathili > Khairaput > Kudumulguma (Figure 4.2.3).
Cop water potential to be created to meet the demand for different blocks of Nabrangpur district will be in the following order: Kalimela > Korkunda > Podia > Malkangiri. Crop water demand during 2025 will be like cereals (54%) followed by oilseeds (16%) and other crops sugarcane (13%) and pulses (11%). Pulses need 36% additional water potential to be created (Figure 4.2.4). Sugarcane is being cultivated with full irrigation now, therefore no need to create the additional water potential for the crop. Instead of creating additional water potential, emphasis needs to be given to increase the storage, conveyance and application efficiency. Micro irrigation systems may be developed. Availability of higher surface water in the district warrant the need for a better water distribution mechanism.
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4.3 Livestock Water Demand
Livestock water demand has been calculated based on the number of poultry and various animals multiplied by their daily water demand. Projected livestock population is estimated by assuming the growth rate of 5% upto 2025. The daily water demand for poultry and various domestic animals are as follows: Poultry and Duck - 0.35 l lpd; Pig – 8 l lpd; Goat and Sheep – 6 l lpd; Cow and Buffalo – 75 lpd. Total livestock and poultry water demand during 2025 will be 0.011889741 BCM, whereas the present demand is 0.011323563 BCM (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Livestock water demand of Malkangiri district Block Livestock water demand (BCM) Existing Water potential water District to be created Code Name 2011 2025 potential (BCM) (BCM) Nabarangpur 308 Mathili 0.00170 0.00179 0.28586 -0.28407 309 Khairaput 0.00125 0.00131 0.16730 -0.16599 310 Kudumulguma 0.00124 0.00130 0.35536 -0.35405 311 Malkangiri 0.00155 0.00163 0.21364 -0.21202 312 Korkunda 0.00229 0.00241 0.41012 -0.40771 313 Podia 0.00142 0.00149 0.29745 -0.29596 314 Kalimela 0.00188 0.00197 0.42148 -0.41951 Total 0.01132 0.01188 0.01132 0.01189
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Livestock and poultry water demand during 2025 will be higher for cow and buffalo (95%) followed by goat (2.7%) and pig (1.1%) (Figure 4.3.1). Like domestic water development, for livestock also potable water is needed. Hence, roof top rainwater harvesting will be crucial.
4.4 Industrial Water Demand
The industry has been divided into two types: (a) essential commercial industry like types, hotels, hospitals, lodges, schools, offices etc. and (b) Specialized industry. In Malkangiri district, no specialized industry exists. The water demand for essential commercial industries has been calculated as the 15% of domestic water demand. The present water demand by the essential commercial industries in the district is 0.011171692 BCM and this demand will increase to 0.013024733 BCM during 2025 (Table 4.4). For sustainable development and establishment and growth of any industry there should be provision of developing the ground water resources for industrial purposes. They also need to make huge amount of rain water harvesting using appropriate technologies.
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Table 4.4 Industrial water demand of Malkangiri district Name of the Water demand (BCM) Existing water Water potential to Block Industry 2011 2025 potential (BCM) be created (BCM) Mathili Industry of 0.00032 0.00064 0.28407 -0.28344 Khairaput different 0.00014 0.00028 0.16599 -0.16571 Kudumulguma types, 0.00020 0.00041 0.35405 -0.35364 hotels, Malkangiri 0.00951 0.00973 0.21202 -0.20228 hospitals, Korkunda lodges, 0.00042 0.00079 0.40771 -0.40692 Podia schools, 0.00019 0.00038 0.29596 -0.29557 Kalimela offices etc. 0.00039 0.00078 0.41951 -0.41873 Total (BCM) 0.011171692 0.01117 0.01302 2.13932 *If water potential to be created is negative indicates surplus avialbility of water resource
4.5 Water Demand for Power Generation
Not applicable for the Malkangiri district
4.6 Total Water Demand of the District for Various sectors
Total water demand for various purposes is presented in Table 4.6 for present and for 2025.
Table 4.6: Total water demand of the district for various sector Components for 2011 (In BCM) Components for 2025 (In BCM) Block Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial Total Domestic Crop Livestock Industrial Total
Mathili 0.00210 0.01850 0.00170 0.00032 0.02262 0.00424 0.06899 0.00005 0.00064 0.07393
Khairaput 0.00094 0.00759 0.00170 0.00014 0.01037 0.00190 0.02835 0.00005 0.00028 0.03058
Kudumulguma 0.00136 0.00541 0.00170 0.00020 0.00868 0.00275 0.02316 0.00005 0.00041 0.02637
Malkangiri 0.00147 0.08068 0.00170 0.00951 0.09335 0.00296 0.22096 0.00005 0.00973 0.23370
Korkunda 0.00282 0.19762 0.00170 0.00042 0.20256 0.00528 0.53675 0.00005 0.00079 0.54288
Podia 0.00126 0.15323 0.00170 0.00019 0.15639 0.00255 0.40584 0.00005 0.00038 0.40883
Kalimela 0.00259 0.31113 0.00170 0.00039 0.31581 0.00522 0.81710 0.00005 0.00078 0.82316
Total 0.01254 0.77417 0.01190 0.01117 0.80978 0.02489 2.10115 0.00037 0.01302 2.13944
At present, crop water demand is highest i.e. 96% of total water demand, followed by domestic demand (Figure 4.6.1). During 2025, the crop water demand will increase to more than 98 % of total water demand. We have to reduce this demand by increasing the efficiency of water storage, conveyance and application. Domestic water demand will be just more than 1% of total water demand during 2025.
54 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
This entire thing indicating that there will be more pressure on groundwater resources.
4.7 Water Budget Block wise water budget has been estimated based on existing water availability, water demand during 2011 and 2025 and water gap during 2011 and 2025. Details are presented in Table 4.7.
Table 4.7: Water budget of Malkangiri district Blocks Existing water availability (BCM) Water demand (BCM) Water gap (BCM)* Total (BCM) Surface water Ground water 2011 2025 2011 2025 Mathili 0.23200 0.05810 0.29010 0.02262 0.07393 -0.26748 -0.21617 Khairaput 0.14700 0.02220 0.16920 0.01037 0.03058 -0.15883 -0.13862 Kudumulguma 0.32300 0.03510 0.35810 0.00868 0.02637 -0.34942 -0.33173 Malkangiri 0.17300 0.04360 0.21660 0.09335 0.23370 -0.12325 0.01710 Korkunda 0.34700 0.06840 0.41540 0.20256 0.54288 -0.21284 0.12748 Podia 0.24400 0.05600 0.30000 0.15639 0.40883 -0.14361 0.10883 Kalimela 0.37400 0.05270 0.42670 0.31581 0.82316 -0.11089 0.39646 Total 1.84000 0.33610 2.17610 0.80978 2.13944 -1.36632 -0.03666 *If water gap negative indicates surpus water is available
Lowest groundwater is available in the Khairaput block (7% of total groundwater), whereas highest groundwater is available in Korkundar block (20%) (Figure 4.7.1).
55 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
More than 50% of the groundwater resources are available in three blocks (Korkunda, Mathili and Podia). Lowest surface water is available in the Khairaput block (8% of total surface water), whereas highest surface water is available in Kalimela block (20%). More than 55% of the surface water resources are available in three blocks (Kalimela, Korkunda and Kudumulguma) (Figure 4.7.2).
In case
56 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
of total water resource is concerned, lowest water is available in the Khairaput block (8% of total water), whereas highest water is available again in Korkunda block (19%) (Figure 4.7.3). Available surface water resource (1.8400 BCM) is more than five times higher than total groundwater resource (0.3361 BCM). More than 55% of the total water resources are available in three blocks (Kalimela, Korkunda and Kudumulguma). At present there is surplus water of 1.3663 BCM in the district. During 2025 the surplus will be reduced to 0.0367 BCM. But the block wise picture is different.
57 District Irrigation Plan of Malkangiri, Odisha
Chapter: V- Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Malkangiri District under PMKSY
The strategic action plan aims to provide irrigation to the rainfed farming systems in the blocks of Malkangiri district. The district is relatively rich in gross irrigated area (45.6%) and only 54.4% of the total cropped area is under rainfed agriculture. Out of seven blocks, in three blocks irrigated area more than 40% of the TCA and in remaining four blocks irrigated area is very low (5.0% to 38.4% of the TCA). There is wide variation in term of irrigation development among the blocks and it varied from 5.0 % to a maximum of 98.3% of the total cropped area. Particularly, rainfed farming subjected to high risk of production due to drought and other climatic variability. This is threatening to the livelihood security of rural mass and weakening the socio-economic conditions leading to instability in socio-political conditions in the district. In view of these, providing assured and/or protective source of water for irrigation and to overcome the drought like situation through integrated approach under PMKSY is proposed in this section by involving inter developmental departments and other local institutions in the district. The percent irrigated area to the total cropped area of the district is 45.6% with huge gap between the ultimate irrigation potential and the present net irrigated area. There is wide variation in term of irrigation development among the blocks and it varied from 5.0% in Kudumulugum block to a maximum of 98.3% of the total cropped area is under irrigation in Kalimela block. To address this inequality in irrigation development in the district, the blocks have been prioritized into high and low priority blocks for the irrigation development under PMKSY. The strategic approach is planned and proposed to bring the high priority blocks to at least 50% of the area net sown area under irrigation. To achieve objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focusing on end-to end solution in irrigation supply chain, viz., water sources, distribution network, efficient farm level applications, extension services on new technologies & information etc. Strategies and approach followed in preparation of DIP is detailed in section A.1.4 of this report.
5.1 Prioritization of Blocks for Strategic Action Plan
The detailed strategic plan of Malkangiri District has been prepared based on prioritizing the blocks. Blocks are grouped into high and low priority blocks based on NSA, percent of NSA under irrigation, ST/SC population, and percent of wastelands and stage of GWD etc. Apart from these, ranks given by Officers from the participating Department are also considered and priority blocks are finalized in consultation with the various departments. The perspective plan provides strategic road map for implementation of component wise planned activities of PMSKY in a holistic approach for increasing area under irrigation. This also provides a strategic direction for development and management of rainfed area in the District and scope for improvements of livelihoods of the rural community through minimizing failure of crops due to rainfall variability.
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The prioritized blocks are presented below
Ministries and Components wise under PMKSY, the participating inter departments are grouped and block priority wise weight age has been assigned. Based on these strategies, the participating departments prepared the holistic plan for each block considering the strength and needs of the blocks in achieving the irrigation potential in respective blocks. Components wise Priority for High & Low Priority Blocks is presented below.
5.2 About Participating Departments
The list of participating departments is presented in annexure 5.1 and approved DLIC is presented in annexure 5.2.
5.3 Irrigation Projects
The District has the following irrigation projects covering different blocks which are included in the plan particularly under AIBP components of the PMKSY. The details are presented in table 5.3.1 to 5.3.3.
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Table 5.3.1: List of New Irrigation Projects in Malkangiri District to be Taken- up under AIBP S. Name of Name of Name of the Ayacut Potential Funds No. Constituency Block Project in ha to be Required for created completion (ha) (Rs. In Crore) 1 Malkangiri/ Mathili Chaulamendi 108 108 432.00 Chitrakonda 2 Malkangiri/ Mathili Mendukuli 60 60 240.00 Chitrakonda Total 168 168 672.00
Table 5.3.2: New Medium Irrigation Projects in Malkangiri District to be completed during 2016-17 to 2020-21
Name of the Name of the Name of the project Type of CCA (Ha) Tentative Cost( in Crore) Basin/River District the Civil works CADA Total Project ------
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Besides above projects, the following table presents the major and medium irrigation projects covering different blocks of Malkangiri district is under consideration.
5.4 State Irrigation Plan/Schemes
The following state irrigation plan / schemes are being implemented:
Schemes / Programmes implemented for Irrigation RIDF- Rural Infrastructure Development Fund BKVY- Biju Krishak Vikash Yojna JICA- Japan International Co-Operation Agency OIIAWMIP- Odisha Integrated irrigated Agriculture and water Management Investment Programm. DRIP- Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project CDCP- Check Dam Construction Programme DBIP – Deep Bore well Irrigation Programme RR &R- Repair, Renovation , Restoration of water bodies. MCP – Megalift Construction Programme CLSRP- Canal Lining and System Rehabilitation Programme Externally aided project JICA- Japan International Co-Operation Agency OIIAWMIP- Odisha Integrated irrigated Agriculture and water Management Investment Programme OCTMP- Odisha Community Tank Management Project
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5.5 Strategic Action Plan
Strategic action plan of Malkangiri district is presented block wise, components wise and block-wise with component wise under the following headings. The short term action plan is proposed for a period of five years starting from 2016-17. Apart from above, long term strategic plan also proposed and it will be taken up as per the priority and availability of funds.
The following abbreviations are used in the table 5.5.1abc to 5.5.7abc.
Abbreviation used the Tables Major irrigation (PIP) : MI (PIP) Govindapali Integrated Projects : GIP Lower Kolab Project : LKP Mega Lift Projects of Mathili : MLP-M Major River Irrigation Lift Project : MRILP Minor River Irrigation Lift Project : MnRILP SIP -Augmentation by Intrabasin River linking : SIP-AIRL SIP-LINING OFGoraiguda Distributary : SIP-LGD SIP-LINING OFMalkangiri Distributary : SIP-LMD SIP-LINING OFMahadev Tirtha Distributary : SIP-LMTD SIP-LINING OFMV-05 Distributary : SIP-LD SIP-LINING OFSikhapalli Distributary : SIP-LSD SIP-LINING OFTail Distributary : SIP-LTD SIP-LINING OF -Left Main Canal: : SIP-LLMC SIP-LINING OF Right Main Canal :SIP-LRMC Community River Lift Irrigation Point : CRLIP Micro River Lift Irrigation Point : McRLIP River Lift Project : RLP Lift Irrigation : LI Deep bore well : DBW Jala Nidhi Bore Well : JN-BW Dugout Well : DW Ground Water Development : GWD Renovation : R PIP-LINING OFTMC Main Canal : PIP-L RRR of Water Bodies : RRR-WB Lined Field Channels : LFC Unlined Channels : UC Micro-Irrigation : MIr DPAP Drip : DPAP-D DPAP Sprinkler : DPAP-S Non-DPAP Drip : N-DPAP-D Non-DPAP Sprinkler : N-DPAP-S Topping of MGNREGA : T-MGNREGA Drought proofing through check dams/WHS : DP-CD/WHS Renovation of Check dams : RCD Renovation of Water bodies : RWB
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Secondary Storage Structures : SSS On Farm Development (distribution pipe/Raised bed and furrow system etc.): OFD Farm Pond : FP Check dam : CD Nalla Bunds : NB Percolation Tanks : PT Community tank : CT Other Ground Water Recharge Structure : O-GWRS Fishery Ponds/cattle ponds : FP/CP Water Conservation : WC Water Harvesting : WH Ring well : RW Creation of Irrigation canals and Drains : CIC/D Providing Infrastructure for Irrigation : P-II Land development : LD Renovation of Water Bodies including desilting : R-WBD Renovation and maintenance of irrigation Canals and Drains of Water Bodies: RM- IC/DWB Major irrigation : MI Medium Irrigation : Md-I Surface Minor Irrigation : SMI CAD Works : CAD New project/completion of incomplete project : NP/CIP
5.5.1 Block Wise Strategic Action Plan
Block wise and component wise strategic action for all the blocks of Malkangiri is presented in table 5.5.1abc through 5.5.7abc.
Block Wise Consolidated Strategic Plan under PMKSY + SIP+ Other Schemes in Malkangiri District is presented in table 5.5.8.
Out of the total estimated budget of Rs. 1162.48 crore of the district for all the component is distributed among the blocks with maximum of Rs 201.466crore (17.33%) in Kalimela block followed by 188.56 ha and 176.4 ha K.Gumma and Korukonda blocks, respectively. Minimum budget (Rs. 79.8 crore) is allocated in Malkangiri block for all components since this block is already saturated. (Figure 5.5.1 to 5.5.3).
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5.5.2 Component Wise Consolidated Strategic Action Plan
Component wise consolidated strategic action plan for different blocks of Malkangiri district is given in Table 5.5.9-5.5.15. Under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme, some major and medium irrigation projects, surface minor irrigation projects, major and minor River Irrigation Lift Project are proposed in different blocks of Malkangiri district covering an additional area of 5169 ha to be irrigated. The total estimated budget under AIBP is Rs. 77.09 crore out of which maximum budget of Rs. 32.9 Crore (about 42.7 % of the total estimated budget under AIBP) is proposed in Maithili block (Table 5.5.9 and Fig. 5.5.4). None of the projects under AIBP has been proposed in podia block. Under the component Har khet ko pani, a budget allocation of Rs. 237.66 crore for the district has been proposed (Table 5.5.10 and Fig.5.5.5.) to cover an additional area of 7432 ha to be brought under irrigation. The total budget is approximately distributed with maximum in Kalimela (Rs 63.7 crore, 26.8%) and minimum in K. Gumma (Rs 13.7 crore, 5.75%) block. Under the component per drop more crop (Micro Irrigation), drip and sprinkler irrigation are the major activities proposed with an estimated budget of Rs 25.041 crore for the district (Table 5.5.11 and Fig.5.5.6). The budget as well as area to be irrigated roughly uniformly distributed among all blocks. Under the component Per drop more crop (Supplementary Water Management activities), convergence of MGNREGA, Drought proofing through check dams/Water Harvesting Structures, creation of secondary storage structure, On farm development (distribution pipe/Raised bed and furrow system etc.) etc. are proposed with a total budget estimate of Rs 68.23 crore for the district. (Table 5.5.12 and Fig.5.5.7). Different activities (new and renovated) like farm pond, Check dam, Nalla bund, Percolation tank, Ground Water Recharge Structure, Fishery Ponds/cattle ponds are planned under PMKSY Watershed with a budget outlay of Rs.222.6 core to cover an additional area of 2948 ha. The maximum budget is proposed in K.Gumma block (Rs. 63.1 crore) followed by Mathili block (Rs. 59.1 crore) (Table. 5.5.13 and Fig.5.5.8).
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Convergence of MGNREGA for different activities like water conservation, water harvesting, creation of irrigation canals and drains, infrastructure for irrigation and land development are proposed in all blocks of the district with a budget outlay of Rs.271.43 core (Table 5.5.14 and Fig.5.5.9) Different state department schemes like Major irrigation, medium irrigation, Surface irrigation, check dam etc. are planned with an estimated budget of Rs.260.5 crore for all the blocks of the district covering an area of 6395 ha (Table 5.5.15 and Fig.5.5.10). Component wise budget allocation for the district is presented in Fig. 5.5.11 with maximum budget under MGNREGA (Rs. 271.43 crore, 23.35 %) followed by state irrigation plan (Rs. 260.5 crore, 22.41%) and HKKP (Rs. 237.66 crore, 20.44%) and minimum under PDMC (Rs. 25.041 crore, 2.15 %).
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5.5.3 Block Wise and Components Wise Total Estimated Cost
Block Wise and Components Wise Total Estimated Cost in Malkangiri District is presented in table 5.5.16.
The total estimated budget (Rs. 1162.48 crore) of the district for all component is distributed among the blocks AIBP component accounts for 6.63% of the total estimated budget for the district in order to cover the ongoing major, medium and minor irrigation projects particularly in eight blocks of the districts. HKKP components accounts for 20.44 % (Rs. 237.66 crore) of the total budget to provide irrigation through various minor and lift irrigation to the different blocks of the district. PDMS (Micro irrigation) and PDMC (SWM) components accounts for about 8.02% of the total budget to cover the irrigated area through micro irrigation and other efficient water management practices. PKSY-WS accounts about 19.15% (Rs. 222.6 crore) of the total budget to create additional rainwater harvesting and its utilisation for ground water recharge and to provide protective irrigation. This component also includes soil and water conservation and repair and maintenance of already existing structures. Convergence through MGNREGA accounts 23.35% (Rs. 271.43 crore) of the total budget in the district mainly utilised for material components and earthwork components of PMKSY components. Apart from PMKSY, state irrigation plan/schemes accounts for about only 22.41% (Rs.260.5 crore) of the total budget to cover various ongoing irrigation schemes.
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5.5.4 Block Wise and Components Wise Irrigation Potential to be Developed
Block wise irrigation potential to be created under PMKSY through short term strategic plan is presented in table 5.5.17. A total of 17,586 ha is proposed to create irrigation potential under PMKSY which is 19.4% of the present total irrigated area and 16.3% of the present rainfed area. Maximum irrigation potential planned through SIP ( 6395 ha, 36%) followed by AIBP (5169 ha, 29%), HKKP (2831 ha, 16%), MGNREGA (2318,13%) and through watershed activities (873 ha, 5%%) (Table 5.5.17 and Figure 5.5.11). Among the blocks, maximum irrigation potential is planned in Mathili (8573 ha, 49%) followed by Khairaput (3248 ha, 18%) and K.Gumma (2842 ha, 16%). In other blocks viz., Malkangiri (1020 ha, 6%), Korukonda (925 ha, 5%), Kalimela (247 ha, 1%) and Podia (731 ha, 4%) where least irrigation potential is planned (Figure 5.5.11).
Table 5.5.17: Total Irrigation Potential to be Created under PMKSY in Malkangiri District (Area in ha)
Block AIBP PMKSY-WS MGNREGA HKKP SIP Total AT-WS BLOCK Mathili 2489 190 95 124 1200 4476 8573 Khairaput 620 115 115 1085 930 383 3248 K.Gumma 1540 246 127 156 308 465 2842 Malkangiri 400 100 50 0 146 324 1020 Korukonda 80 100 105 300 120 220 925 Kalimela 40 73 37 7 0 90 247 Podia 0 50 14 103 127 437 731 Total 5169 873 543 1775 2831 6395 17586
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Extension, Strengthening & Restoration activities:
A total area of 10359 ha is proposed under extension, strengthening and restoration activities in different blocks of Malkangiri district. Maximum activities have been planned in the blocks of Mathili, Khairaput, K.Gumma and Korukonda (Table 5.5.18).
Table 5.5.18: Total area proposed for Extension, Strengthening & Restoration activities in Malkangiri district (Area, ha) Block AIBP PMKSY-WS MGNREGA HKKP SIP Total AT-WS BLOCK Mathili 0 296 720 444 0 1460 Khairaput 0 361 768 1069 0 2198 K.Gumma 0 1183 1430 446 0 3059 Malkangiri 0 81 163 456 0 700 Korukonda 0 105 383 1936 0 2424 Kalimela 0 14 102 120 0 236 Podia 0 35 118 130 0 283 Total 0 2075 3683 4601 0 10359
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Under PDMC-Micro irrigation an area of 3967 ha and PDMC-SWMA an area of 884 ha is planned to increase the water application efficiency through sprinklers and drip irrigation systems in different blocks of Malkangiri. The present average percent irrigated area is 45.6% (5.0 to 98.31% among the blocks) and proposed irrigated potential is alone accounts for 8.85% of the total cropped area (0.62 to 27.50%). Thus the present irrigation percent of 45.4% is expected to increase to 54.5% in the district. The blocks like Kalimela and Podia is already having higher percent area is under irrigation compared to the present district average of 45.6%. The remaiing blocks unable to reach even the present irrigation potential after implimentation of the programmes in different blocks and thus need special empahsis at least in long term plan for these blocks. The proposed irrigation potential is expected to increase the irrigated area in the district to 54.5% of the total cropped area and additional 16% of the rainfed area is expected to brought under assured irrigation through various components of PMKSY and State Irrigation Plans(Figure 5.5.12).
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A summary of Proposed Irrigation Potential to be Created under Different Programmes and Components in Malkangiri District is presented in Table: 5.5.19.
Table: 5.5.19 :Proposed Irrigation Potential to be Created under Different Programmes and Components in Malkangiri District S.No Programme/Components Sub-components Area (ha) Total Budget (in Crore) I. Irrigation Potential to be Created A PMKSY AIBP 5169 77.090 PMKSY-other components HKKP* 2831 48.993 Watershed Development** 873 14.238 B Total (A+B) 8873 140.321 State plan Minor Medium C 6395 260.460 Agriculture NABARD D MGNREGA At WS & At Block 2318 52.1107 Total (A+B+C+D) 17586 452.892 II. Extension, Strengthening & Restoration of Ayacut(ha) HKKP* RRR E 4601 188.67 Lined channel F Watershed Development** Renovation 2075 208.34 Total (D+E) 397.01 III. DRIP & Sprinkler Irrigation(ha) PDMC Non-DPAP Drip G 3967 25.041 Non-DPAP Sprinkler H PDMC(SWMA) 884 68.226 I Convergence of MGNREGA 3684 219.314 Total (E+F+G+H+I) 15211 1162.483
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5.5.5 Long Term Strategic Action Plan
Long term plan is proposed for 20 years (2021-22 to 2034-35 ) in the district covering an total cultivable command area of 0.7442 lakh ha with the estimated total budget of Rs. 5823 Crore. This expected to bring the total irrigated area of about 1.83 lakh ha after implementation of both short and long term irrigation plan in the district to cover about 92% of present total cropped area of 1.987 lakh ha . The list of long term projects in Malkangiri district is presented in Table 5.5.20. There are four long term projects in different blocks.
Table 5.5.20: List of long term projects in Malkangiri district S.No. Name of the project Blocks Benefitted CCA (‘000 ha) 1 * Govindapalli Dam Mathili, Khairiput, 21.00 Kudumuluguma, Malkangiri & Korkunda
2 * Middle Kolab H.E Mathili, Malkangiri& 18.0/285 Boipariguda MW
3 ** Lower Kolab Mathili 31.98
4 ** Prasannapali Podoa 3.44 Total 74.420
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Annexure 1.3 Block wise soil resource map of Malkangiri district
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Annexure 5.2 DLIC FOR MALKANGIRI DISTRICT FOR DIP
Sl. No Name of the Departments Designation 1 Collector & District Magistrate, Malkangiri Chairman 2 Deputy Director of Agriculture – Cum – Project Director, ATMA, Member Secretary Malkangiri and Convener 3 Deputy Director Soil Conservation Cum Project Director Member & Co- Watersheds, Malkangiri Convener 4 Project Director, DRDA, Malkangiri Member 5 District Forest Officer, Malkangiri Member 6 Deputy Director of Horticulture, Malkangiri Member 7 Progressive Farmer, Malkangiri Member 8 Deputy Director of Fisheries, Malkangiri Member 9 Chief District Veterinary, Malkangiri Member 10 Executive Engineer, RWSS, Malkangiri Member 11 Scientist, KVK, OUAT Member 12 Executive Engineer, Rural Development, Malkangiri Member 13 Executive Engineer, Ground Water, Malkangiri Member 14 Executive Engineer, Lift Irrigation, Malkangiri Member 15 Executive Engineer, Minor Irrigation, Malkangiri Member 16 Executive Engineer, Water Resources, Malkangiri Member 17 Project Director / Executive Engineer, CADA, Malkangiri Member 18 Lead Bank Manager Member 19 Leading Non-Government Organization PARIVARTAN Member
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