Asians in Minnesota Oral History Project Minnesota Historical Society
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Hyun Sook Han Narrator Sarah Mason Interviewer January 3, 1979 Sarah Mason -SM Hyun Sook Han -HH SM: I’m talking to Mrs. Hyun Sook Han on January 3, 1978. Project HH: Nine. 1979. SM: Nine. I’m sorry. 1979. This is an interview conducted under the auspices of the Minnesota Historical Society. The interviewer is Sarah Mason. Mrs. Han, could you give us some background on your childhood in Korea, your family, yourHistory education, and your reasons for immigrating to Minnesota? Society HH: You mean talking about my parents? Oral SM: Yes, if you are willing to. HH: Yes. My both parents are alive in Korea. Historical SM: Yes. HH: And they are [unclear].Minnesota And both have only grade school backgrounds. My mother even did not complete grade school.in That was under Japanese control. They came from a rural area and moved into Seoul, capitol city of Korea when they were in their early twenties. They did not meet each other before their wedding date. That marriage was arranged by the parents, like the usual. Most of that age peopleMinnesota did not have free marriage like you have in the U.S. And they are three years . two years different. My father is two years older. Asians SM: Yes. What is his work or his occupation? HH: He was . he worked at an electric company for a long time. Not a technician, just office worker. And later on, for almost ten or fifteen years, he worked at labor union, at that company. SM: Oh. I see. That’s a company union? HH: Yes. Company union. 1 SM: I see. HH: Union office. SM: And did your mother work, too? HH: No, she never worked. [Chuckles] There she was the mother of seven children. SM: Oh. She did work. [Chuckles] HH: She worked, yes, very hard. And then she gave birth for . ten children. SM: Oh. Project HH: And during the Korean War, the newborn baby died because of starvation. SM: Oh. HH: She was only one week old when Korean War was broken.History Society SM: One year? Oral HH: No, one week old. SM: Oh, I see. HH: And there was no milk available at that timeHistorical and we had to evacuate and my mother did not have any breast milk because of all those crises. SM: Yes. Minnesota in HH: And so there was no food for the baby that young. SM: That was the last childMinnesota born or . .? HH: No.Asians And then also during war, she was pregnant again, and gave birth for twin boys, eight and a half months premature, and died after three hours of birth because there was no facilities that time. SM: Oh, yes. This was in Seoul? HH: [Unclear] hospital to save their life. SM: Oh. 2 HH: So we even do not remember those babies. I just . SM: Yes. HH: I think among my siblings I’m the oldest one. SM: Oh. HH: I’m the only person who can remember even those things. SM: Oh, yes. Yes. You were the oldest one in this family then. HH: Yes. Project SM: I see. And so you grew up in Seoul then, is that right? HH: Yes, I grew up in Seoul and I was seven when we became independent, when Korea was independent. History SM: Oh. Society HH: And I still remember we suffered from shortagesOral of food during the Second World War. SM: Yes. HH: Everything we had to have a ticket to buy, for the food and shoes and clothing and . and all the brass items and silver, gold, were collectedHistorical by Japanese. SM: Oh. Minnesota HH: We couldn’t keepin even . SM: They confiscated it. Minnesota HH: Yes, our dishes and all kinds of kitchen items, including our tongs and chopsticks were all brasses. Asians SM: Oh. HH: And they collected all those for use in the war. From every . SM: I see, from every family then? 3 HH: And from every single family, I still remember. We had to replace with some . At that time we didn’t have many plastics. Before and during the Second World War. SM: No, that’s too early. Yes. HH: So what did we replace . .? Hmmm . wood. SM: Wood, for chopsticks. HH: Yes. Yes. SM: Hmmm, then it would be hard to have cooked [unclear]. HH: The worst thing, my grandmother was very furious with this brass collection because all of the candlesticks for the ancestors worship. Project SM: Oh. Oh, yes. HH: She refused to give up those things and she buried some of them. [Chuckles] History SM: Did she? Society HH: [Unclear] under the earth. So she saved some,Oral but not much. SM: Ah ha. Oh. HH: For spoons for us or bowls for us was not important, but for ancestors worship. Historical SM: Oh, yes. HH: [Unclear], were very importantMinnesota for her. in SM: I see. Yes. HH: So she saved those. Minnesota SM: WhatAsians was her religion? HH: Mainstream of religion in Korea is Confucianism. SM: Confucianism. HH: Yes, no matter we are Catholic or Protestant or Buddhist, we still are Confucianists. SM: I see. 4 HH: Yes. We still believe those. SM: So was your family Buddhist, too? Or just Confucian? HH: No, just Confucian. SM: Yes. HH: So which means there was no religion. But strong believer . SM: Rituals and so on. HH: Yes. Yes. Project SM: Yes. HH: And my father was the oldest son of the family, so he had to take over all those ancestors worship until the fifth ancestor’s generation, I mean fifth up from. History SM: Yes. Oh. Fifth going back in years. Society HH: Going back in years, yes. Oral SM: Yes. To the fifth generation. HH: Yes. Historical SM: So that was a strong part of your childhood then, the Confucian. HH: Yes. And for my parents’Minnesota generation he has to keep his mother, grandmother, parents and younger brother at home,in same home. So I was, too. SM: Oh, I see. Minnesota HH: I was raised under great-grandmother, grandparents, an uncle, in the same family home, small home.Asians SM: Oh. Great-grandmother, your parents . HH: And grandparents. SM: And grandparents and your uncle. HH: Uncle. Because my father had only one younger brother. 5 SM: I see. HH: And he separated after he married. SM: I see. HH: That is a very traditional family type life. SM: Yes. So that would be characteristic then. HH: Yes. Yes. SM: Yes. Is that still characteristic? Project HH: In rural areas quite. SM: In rural areas. HH: But more and more, the grandparents and or just the sonHistory and family. Society SM: Yes. Oral HH: Or nuclear family like in the U.S. SM: Oh. But that would be true mainly in the cities, would it? HH: Yes. Historical SM: Yes. So there were four generations in your household. Minnesota HH: Yes. in SM: But now it’s more often three. Minnesota HH: Yes. Two. Asians SM: Or two. HH: Yes, or two. SM: I see. HH: But even they are, in two generation family homes, their way of thinking it is still for, and three generations, the way of thinking is still the same way. 6 SM: Oh, yes. Sure. Yes. Well, as a child did you have any contact with the United States or . .? HH: No, we never knew about another world or another looking people. SM: Oh. HH: Until the Korean War. SM: I see. You never thought about people of other countries. HH: No. Look different. No never. [Unclear] SM: You never saw Westerners? Project HH: No . oh, yes. One single person from Russia. [Chuckles] SM: [Laughter] HH: After Russian Revolution. History Society SM: Really. Oral HH: What I heard when I was in grade school, he was very small, white man has long . SM: Beard? HH: Beard. Historical SM: Hmmm. Minnesota HH: And he was sellingin a hand and face cream. He made it at home. SM: [Chuckles] Minnesota HH: At that time, my mother never had any cream. Asians SM: Oh. HH: So it was quite fascinating. And he had a little cart, and he had to put all those out . all those things on the cart and he sold those creams to the neighbors. So if he shows up in the neighborhood, then all the neighborhood children go outside to look at him because of his white long beard. SM: [Chuckles] Oh, that’s interesting. 7 HH: And I think different looking eye colors. That’s why we were so fascinated. SM: Oh, I see. HH: But we never thought he was the same human being. SM: [Chuckles] he was from another planet. HH: Because he was a funny, funny grandpa. [Chuckles] SM: [Laughing] Funny grandpa. HH: Yes. Project SM: Was he a so-called White Russian in that he was against the Revolution and a refugee? HH: Yes. Yes. We called him White Russian. SM: Yes. Yes, those were the . History Society HH: I don’t know. It . does it make sense? Oral SM: Yes. Those were the ones against the Red group now. HH: Oh. Yes. That’s right. Yes. White Russian. SM: Yes. Historical HH: But he was a very short man. Minnesota SM: I see. in HH: And then after independence, which was like I was in second grade, in grade school. Minnesota SM: Yes. Asians HH: I saw a couple of very tall, big beards . and [unclear] Western ladies on the street. SM: [Chuckles] Western ladies with beards? HH: No, no, no.