Hymn of the Day Studies for Propers: Series A

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THE WORD IN Song PROPERS Hymn oftheDay Studies for SERIES A Unless otherwise indicated, all Scripture quotations are from Quotations from the Lutheran Confessions are from Concordia: the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), The Lutheran Confessions, copyright © 2005, 2006 by copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good Concordia Publishing House. Used by permission. All rights News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. reserved. To purchase a copy of Concordia, call 800-325-3040. Lutheran Service Book © 2006 Concordia Publishing House. This work may be reproduced by a congregation for its own © 2019 Used with permission. use in the study of the Scriptures. Commercial reproduction, The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod Lutheran Service Book Propers of the Day © 2007 Concordia or reproduction for sale, of any portion of this work or of the St. Louis, MO 63122-7295 Publishing House. Used with permission. work as a whole, without the written permission of the copyright holder, is prohibited. lcms.org/worship Quotations from the Small Catechism are © 1986 Concordia Publishing House. THREE-YEAR Hymn of the Day Studies for PROPERS SERIES A LECTIONARY Contents All Depends on Our Possessing �� 1 From East to West �� 3 To God the Holy Spirit Let Us Pray �� 5 Let Me Be Thine Forever �� 7 Lift High the Cross �� 9 God Loved the World So That He Gave ��11 O God, O Lord of Heaven and Earth ��13 Lord of Our Life ��15 When All the World Was Cursed ��17 Let Us Ever Walk with Jesus ��19 Lord Jesus Christ, the Church’s Head ��21 I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say �� 23 Almighty God, Your Word Is Cast �� 25 In Holy Conversation �� 27 Now All the Vault of Heaven Resounds �� 29 From God Can Nothing Move Me ��31 Christ, the Life of All the Living �� 33 O Living Bread from Heaven �� 35 Eternal Father, Strong to Save �� 37 In Christ There Is No East or West �� 39 When in the Hour of Deepest Need ��41 Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones �� 43 Built on the Rock �� 45 God Has Spoken by His Prophets ��47 Hail, Thou Once Despised Jesus �� 49 If Thou But Trust in God to Guide Thee ��51 My Soul, Now Praise Your Maker �� 53 Come Down, O Love Divine �� 55 Sing, My Tongue, the Glorious Battle �� 57 The Royal Banners Forward Go �� 59 Salvation unto Us Has Come ��61 What Is the World to Me �� 63 Lord, Keep Us Steadfast in Your Word �� 65 Lord God, to Thee We Give All Praise �� 67 O Love, How Deep �� 69 A Multitude Comes from the East and the West ��71 Holy God, We Praise Thy Name �� 73 O God of God, O Light of Light �� 75 I Want to Walk as a Child of the Light �� 77 The Law of God Is Good and Wise �� 79 Praise the Almighty ��81 O Christ, Who Called the Twelve �� 83 Lord Jesus Christ, with Us Abide �� 85 A Mighty Fortress Is Our God �� 87 For All the Saints �� 89 Wake, Awake, for Night Is Flying ��91 The Day Is Surely Drawing Near �� 93 The Head That Once Was Crowned with Thorns �� 95 All Depends on Our Possessing Lutheran Service Book 732 | study by Allen D. Lunneberg

Introduction What a wonderful expression of faith and trust in God in its power to give and renew in us strength, boldness and this hymn as we hear Jesus say in today’s Gospel, “Do not confidence. be anxious” (Matt. 6:25, 34). For faith in the face of any ❚❚ Notice the hymn begins and ends praising God’s grace. and all anxiety is the precious possession of all who come How does God’s grace strengthen faith? to belong to God’s family. It is a faith that does not depend on possessions nor even on hope based on whether our days ❚❚ How do we receive that grace? are going well at the moment! In fact, this faith becomes all ❚❚ What’s the difference between “treasures on earth” and the stronger under persecution or pressure. God’s grace is “treasures in heaven”? our anchor, our hope and our confidence. ❚❚ What does Jesus say we ought to seek before and after Through the text of this hymn and the Scriptures upon all? Why? which they are based we meditate on God’s gift of faith and

Exploring the Scriptures The Gospel for today and the primary basis of our hymn Read Col. 3:1–4. St. Paul says that “you have been raised text is Matt. 6:24–34. It is from the Sermon on the Mount. with Christ.” Notice that he says this of us even before the After the Beatitudes and illustrations of how our Lord came resurrection of the Last Day! not to abolish the Law but to fulfill it, Jesus speaks of how ❚❚ In what way, then, have you been “raised” with Christ? the Christian faith is to be shown in the three fundamental When were you raised to “live a new life” (LSB, p. 325)? acts of piety: almsgiving, prayer and fasting. But even these good works are not motivated by the Law, but are the activi- ❚❚ Paul tells us, “Set your minds on things that are above, ty of the heart redeemed, restored and renewed by God’s not on things that are on earth” (v. 2). What are the gift of faith. With a tender and understanding heart Jesus “things that are above”? What are the “things that are then seeks to strengthen our faith and calm our hearts and on earth”? minds by saying, “Do not be anxious.” Read Matt. 6:24–34. Read Rom. 8:31–32 and 38–39. ❚❚ What are some of the issues that most often ❚❚ What are the “all things” that God graciously gives us? cause anxiety? What is the one word that describes what all these things in verses 38–39 are attempting to do? Why or how will ❚ ❚ What is “the kingdom of God” (v. 33)? they fail? ❚ ❚ What is God’s “righteousness” (v. 33)? ❚❚ How is this confidence reflected in the hymn, “All ❚❚ How does seeking these things calm anxiety? Depends on Our Possessing”?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What is the main “earthly concern” mentioned in both It is amazing that such a well-known hymn of so many stanza 1 and stanza 6? centuries would have been penned by an anonymous author ❚❚ How are these things described in stanza 3? unknown to this day! It first appeared in the Andächtige Haus-Kirche, oder Aufmunterung zur Gottseligkeit … ❚❚ With what sort of “sorrows” is stanza 4 concerned? (Nürnberg: W. M. Endter & Erben, 1676). Catherine ❚❚ What do you think the author means by “the longing Winkworth’s first translation of the text sounds almost hopes that haunt me” in stanza 5? more modern, saying, “All things hang on our possessing.” Still it has remained a strong confession of faith in God’s Text care and provision for Christians in the face of all the The key to understanding this hymn is in the final stanza. changes and chances and reverses of life. In the face of the fact, “Earthly wealth is not abiding, / Like

Proper 3A | Three-Year Lectionary 1 a stream away is gliding,” nevertheless the Christian says, ❚❚ How does Eccl. 3:1–8 reflect stanza 5 of our hymn? “All my trust in [God] I place.” ❚❚ What blessings of God are mentioned in stanza 2? ❚ ❚ To whom are we singing the words of this hymn? ❚❚ In stanza 3, what is the “treasure / That will bring me ❚❚ If this hymn is not a prayer to God, what would you lasting pleasure”? See Matt. 6:33. call it? ❚❚ How many things, how much of life “depends on our ❚❚ Read stanza 3. How does this reflect Ps. 39:6? possessing / God’s abundant grace and blessing”?

Making the Connection This hymn helps us confess the comfort of our faith in God’s The transience of life is an underlying concern of our hymn. constant care, provision and grace. God’s kingdom, His rule ❚❚ How are the following words of Ps. 90:3–6 echoed in the in our lives and in our world, are contrasted with earthly sixth stanza? wealth and “things that have no solid ground.” When fear or sorrow seizes us the hope of faith is there, grounded in “You return man to dust God’s Word. God “feeds us” not only with food for the body and say, “Return, O children of man!” but with food for the soul, especially as He strengthens For a thousand years in your sight faith every time we gather to receive our Lord’s holy body are but as yesterday when it is past, and blood in the Sacrament of the Altar. or as a watch in the night. You sweep them away as with a flood; they are like a dream, ❚ ❚ How does receiving the body and blood of the Lord like grass that is renewed in the morning: strengthen faith and confidence before God? in the morning it flourishes and is renewed; ❚❚ How do the words of this hymn give comfort to in the evening it fades and withers.” calm anxiety?

In Closing

❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 732. Almighty and most merciful God, in this earthly life we endure sufferings and death before we enter into eternal glory. Prayers Grant us grace at all times to subject ourselves to Your holy Eternal God, You counsel us not to be anxious about earthly will and to continue steadfast in the true faith to the end of things. Keep alive in us a proper yearning for those heaven- our lives that we may know the peace and joy of the blessed ly treasures awaiting all who trust in Your mercy, that we hope of the resurrection of the dead and of the glory of the may daily rejoice in Your salvation and serve You with con- world to come; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (In stant devotion; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, times of affliction and distress, LSB, p. 317). who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 3A).

Grant, O Lord, to keep us this day without sin. O Lord, have mercy upon us, have mercy upon us. O Lord, let Your mercy be upon us, as our trust is in You. O Lord, in You have I trusted; let me never be confounded. Amen (“Te Deum,” st. 9, LSB, p. 225).

Proper 3A | Three-Year Lectionary 2 From East to West Lutheran Service Book 385 | study by Larry A. Peters

Introduction Christmas is a season of paradoxes: A virgin bears a son The hymn of the day for both the Second Sunday af- … the Lord of creation finds no room in the inn … God ter Christmas and the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin to delivers His Son and the world sleeps … angels announce Elizabeth is an old one. As we sing it, we add our voices to it to shepherds … the King born to sit on David’s throne is the myriad of those who came before us, who met the mys- welcomed by Magi … the King of kings is born to be the tery of the incarnation with joyful faith. servant of all. This Christmas hymn picks up many of these ❚❚ How do we fulfill the promise of these words today? paradoxes and puts them into our mouths to sing. Though we want to reconcile these seeming contradictions so that ❚❚ Look out at the Church assembled on Christmas Eve and things are nice, neat and tidy, the Church is called simply to see there the assembly of nations at the manger. Where confess them and own them by faith. do we fit into the words?

Exploring the Scriptures The Readings appointed for Christmas 2 and the Visitation ❚❚ How did God protect His Son and the Gospel from are very different. Christmas 2 begins with Joseph, son of His enemies? Jacob, bringing his family to Egypt for a surprise reunion ❚❚ How does Mary’s song tie the two events together? (Gen. 46:1–7). The suffering of Joseph had a godly end — faith that trusts God’s gracious will is vindicated (1 Peter ❚❚ How did God vindicate those who trusted in Him? 4:12–19). Matthew 2:13–23 records another Joseph, the carpenter of Nazareth, being warned and taking Mary and Mary placed herself under God’s merciful care when reason Jesus to a safe refuge in Egypt while a crazed and fearful and emotion would have led her to panic and fear. We too Herod orders a murderous rampage. In contrast to this, the face suffering and upset, things that defy reason or explana- Visitation begins with Israel’s dead stump and the shoot tion and inspire doubt and anxiety. God sends forth in His Son (Is. 11:1–5). It moves to the call ❚❚ Can we trust God in all things? to trust the Lord and remain patient in tribulation (Rom. ❚❚ Will God really work all things for our good? 12:9–16). In the Gospel, Luke records the details of blessed Mary’s visit to her cousin Elizabeth (herself surprised to be ❚❚ Is this what we meet in Bethlehem? Is this exactly the pregnant with John the forerunner). It culminates in Mary’s example of God working good from what the world would song, the Magnificat (Luke 1:39–56). write off as something to be avoided? ❚❚ What do we find in common in both pericopes? ❚❚ Joseph and Mary trusted in the Lord when everything else said to fear. They were moved by this trust to joy in ❚❚ How did God turn Joseph’s suffering into good? God’s promise. How do we meet life’s challenges with the same holy joy in the Lord?

Exploring the Hymn Background The hymn was well known, appointed in the prayer book Little is known about Coelius Sedulius (c. 450), the author of priests (breviary) for Christmas. LSB 385 is the second of this hymn. He probably lived in Rome. A convert to version, by translator John Ellerton (1826–1893). The trans- Christianity, he most probably remained a layman (though lation is more thematic than literal. some suggest he was ordained). Though his writings were ❚❚ How does it feel singing a hymn that was sung for more well known and popular, only two of his hymns survive. than 1500 years prior to your singing it today? This hymn text is part of an acrostic poem of twenty-eight stanzas arranged according to the Latin alphabet. We have Text an eighth-century edition of the full text. The poem gave “From lands that see the sun arise / To earth’s remotest birth to two hymns: LSB 399, “The Star Proclaims the King boundaries” became “From east to west, from shore to Is Here” and LSB 385, “From East to West.” shore ...” when the Latin became an English text. Like

The Visitation, July 2 and the Second Sunday after Christmas | Three-Year Lectionary 3 the call of the psalmist, this hymn summons the singer to ❚❚ How do we own this mystery? awaken to God’s merciful purpose hidden in everything that happens and to respond with the joyful praise of those God cannot be contained in temples or buildings built with who trust He knows what He is doing. hands, but He has chosen to live in our flesh and bone — ❚❚ How is Christ’s birth an event for the whole world and not born like us in every way except sin. Mary is the “chosen merely for those who believe in it? vessel” (st. 3) of Christ’s humanity — He takes His flesh from her. ❚❚ “The holy child whom Mary bore” (st. 1) is not the Savior ❚ of the few but the Redeemer of the whole world. How ❚ Compare Luke 1:47–50 with stanza 3. How are they does the appearance of the Magi emphasize this from the parallel? What is Mary’s greatness (Luke 1:49)? very beginning of the Gospel’s story? ❚❚ Early Christian heresies tried to downplay Mary’s role. ❚❚ Note the paradox of Christ the King, who is born of a Orthodox Christianity has refuted this, insisting that lowly virgin and laid in a manger (Luke 1:35, 2:7). What Mary is Theotokos, God-Bearer, Mother of God. How does this say about our Lord? His ministry? The promise does this confess the biblical truth? Is this for Mary’s of salvation? benefit or does this protect the truth of the Son of God and His incarnation? The heart of the Christmas message is the great mystery of ❚❚ What kind of honor to Mary detracts from Jesus and the incarnation. God takes flesh, wears a diaper and nurses dishonors her own words? What kind of honor rightly at Mary’s breast. This is a scandal to many, a conundrum honors both Mary and Jesus? to some and a stumbling block to others. Note the way the hymn avoids explaining and instead confesses this great Note the unlikely visitors to the manger: shepherds. This mystery. is no accident. Christ was born to fulfill God’s promise to ❚❚ Can one confess Christ without explaining the shepherd His people (Ezek. 34). “He will tend His flock like unexplainable mystery of the incarnation? a shepherd” (Is. 40:11). ❚ ❚❚ How do we confess this in the creeds? ❚ How important are shepherds to this story? ❚ ❚❚ Notice stanza 2; instead of explaining the how, why is ❚ What comfort comes from knowing Christ was born to confessed: “His fallen creatures all to save.” shepherd God’s people and lead us home to Him?

Making the Connection This hymn confronts us with the fact that Christmas is not ❚❚ Can you get to the cross without the manger? Can you get just for Christians. We say it in the Nicene Creed: “who for the manger without the cross? us men and for our salvation He came down from heaven ... ❚❚ Is there a Savior who is not born of the Virgin by the Holy (LSB, 191). It is one thing to say it but another to meet it in Spirit? Is there a Savior incarnate for only the few? Does the diverse faces of those who gather as the children of God. Christmas ultimately lead to Calvary? The cross is the means through which the many are made one and redemption is made for all people. ❚❚ To call Mary blessed is to believe in Jesus her Son. In what way is Mary, who first believed in Christ, the mother of all believers?

In Closing So, we meet the paradox. God comes in flesh through the Prayer blessed Virgin Mary. He is come for all or He comes for Almighty God, You chose the virgin Mary to be the mother none. The Virgin sees this glory and calls us to stand before of Your Son and made known through her Your gracious the manger, recognizing God in flesh and blood, rejoicing regard for the poor and lowly and despised. Grant that we in the grace given to us there and trusting in Him for our may receive Your Word in humility and faith, and so be salvation. Here is the shepherd the Father sent to save His made one with Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives people, and from east to west we come. and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 385. forever. Amen (Collect for the Visitation).

The Visitation, July 2 and the Second Sunday after Christmas | Three-Year Lectionary 4 To God the Holy Spirit Let Us Pray Lutheran Service Book 768 | study by Thomas E. Lock

Introduction Lutherans often are accused of speaking little of the Holy stay buried, but be received and enjoyed, God has caused Spirit. The Third Articles (Holy Spirit) of the Apostles’ and the Word to go forth and be proclaimed” (LC II 38, 403). Nicene Creeds are shorter than the Second Articles (Christ). The focus of Lutheran preaching is Christ and His salvation The task of the Holy Spirit is to sanctify us by revealing and of man, not the works of the Holy Spirit shown in our own delivering Christ with His blessings to sinners. Our prayers works. What frequently is overlooked is that whenever we rarely are to the Holy Spirit. Yet, in today’s hymn, we do speak of the Church of all believers, we speak of the Holy pray to the Holy Spirit that He would keep His Church — Spirit. Without the work of the Holy Spirit, no one could be and all her members — in the true faith that is created only saved. As Martin Luther wrote in his Large Catechism: by the Spirit. “The work of redemption is done and accomplished. ❚❚ Whose work creates and sustains faith in man? Does Christ has acquired and gained the treasure for us by His man contribute anything to his own conversion? Why is suffering, death, resurrection, and so on. But if the work it right that we pray to the Holy Spirit for faith to remain remained concealed so that no one knew about it, then it among us? would be useless and lost. So that this treasure might not

Exploring the Scriptures The Holy Gospel for the First Sunday after Trinity is the Abraham, one of the richest men in the Bible, is described parable of the rich man and Lazarus. This story is spoken as the father of all the faithful (John 8:48–58; Romans 4; against the Pharisees, who are described as “lovers of mon- Heb. 11:8–10). ey” (Luke 16:14). Read Luke 16:19–31. ❚❚ What riches (not money) did Abraham have that would ❚❚ At the beginning, how are the “comforts” of the rich man gain heaven for him? described? Could Lazarus take care of himself? Upon ❚❚ The rich man is told that a great gulf separates him in whom did Lazarus rely? Could it be said that Lazarus was torment from Lazarus in blessing. What had the rich placed at the rich man’s door to give him an opportunity man and his brothers not trusted? What person of the to prove his faith and love? Holy Trinity reveals and delivers to sinners Christ and all ❚❚ At death, where did these two men end up? Was it His blessings of forgiveness, life and salvation? What is the man’s riches or Lazarus’ poverty that determined the Church (guided by the Holy Spirit) to proclaim? their place?

Exploring the Hymn Background in contradiction to, God’s revealed Word. One of the false The anonymous first stanza of today’s hymn is a Pentecost teachers was Luther’s former colleague at Wittenberg, carol from the thirteenth century. This stanza was men- Andreas Karlstadt (c. 1486–1541). Karlstadt’s primary focus tioned twice in a sermon by Berthold of Regensburg was on what the Christian did, not on what Christ had done (c. 1210–1272) in which he encouraged his hearers to sing and what the Holy Spirit was doing by His Word. One of this hymn in the service on Pentecost. This encouragement the ways Luther confronted this false theology was by this is remarkable since congregational singing was rarely hymn’s use. Luther also added three new stanzas to focus allowed (except for Easter/Christmas carols) in Roman on the true work of the Holy Spirit. Catholic congregations. ❚❚ Are there false teachers in these days who emphasize the The singing of this stanza remained popular in German work of Christians over the work of God? lands. Martin Luther (1483–1546) loved this stanza and encouraged its frequent singing. In 1524 Luther was in Text the midst of theological conflicts with many who believed This hymn is sung by people the Holy Spirit has already that the Spirit guided people directly — apart from, and brought to faith in Jesus Christ. All works apart from

Proper 4A and Pentecost Tuesday | Three-Year Lectionary 5 Christ (especially a so-called decision to believe in Christ) ❚❚ How was the love of Christ, bestowed by the Holy Spirit, are impossible (see John 1:12; 15:5; and Eph. 2:8–9). As revealed in the Church? What can your congregation do Luther teaches in the Small Catechism: “I believe that for those in need within the Church and for others? I cannot by my own reason or strength believe in Jesus Christ, my Lord, or come to Him; but the Holy Spirit has Stanza 3 calls the Holy Spirit “Comfort.” In the King James called me by the Gospel, enlightened me with His gifts, Version of the Bible, He is called “Comforter” by Jesus in sanctified and kept me in the true faith” LSB( , p. 323). John 14:16, 26; 15:26 (some translations use “Helper” in- The first stanza is a prayer that the Holy Spirit would stead). Read John 14:18–27. keep Christians in the only true, saving faith — the faith ❚❚ Against what does the Church of all believers need in Christ. comfort? What comfort does the Comforter/Helper give? ❚❚ Why do people need the Holy Spirit to be brought to faith in Christ? What dangers in this world tempt Christians to Previously we saw from the Small Catechism that the Holy depart from this faith? How does the Holy Spirit defend Spirit calls, gathers, enlightens, sanctifies and keeps us in Christians from leaving the true faith? the true faith. Luther continued by declaring that this Spirit still does these things for the whole Church on earth, keep- Stanza 2 addresses the Holy Spirit as “sweetest Love.” The ing her with Jesus Christ. In this Church the Holy Spirit Spirit is the one who makes Christians holy, granting His delivers forgiveness with the promise that all believers in fire so that we show this love to one another. Read Acts Christ will live with Him in eternity. 4:34–35. ❚❚ How does the final stanza describe the work of the Holy Spirit in the Church?

Making the Connection There are many in this age de-emphasizing the work of What comfort can be found in the Holy Spirit’s gifts of Christ and His Spirit done in the Word, Holy Baptism and faith and guidance? Holy Communion; these false teachers deny the very things ❚❚ Upon whom shall all Christians rely on the Last Day? given by the merciful Lord to the Church for her good. ❚❚ Each stanza ends with the cry of the Church, “Lord, have ❚ ❚ Do you look away from the Holy Spirit’s gifts in Word and mercy.” How is God (through the Holy Spirit) showering Sacraments and toward your own good (or bad) works? you with mercy?

In Closing We confess: “I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian Prayer Church,” and the like (LSB, p. 323). The Holy Spirit is given Almighty and ever-living God, You fulfilled Your promise so that all would hear and believe in Jesus Christ unto sal- by sending the gift of the Holy Spirit to unite disciples of vation. The Word and the Sacraments are the Spirit’s gifts all nations in the cross and resurrection of Your Son, Jesus so that people would believe in Christ and be strengthened Christ. By the preaching of the Gospel spread this gift to in that faith by ongoing forgiveness of sins. When you con- the ends of the earth; through the same Jesus Christ, our fess the Holy Spirit, you confess the Christian Church, and Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, vice versa. Lord, continue to have mercy on us all and bring one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Pentecost us at last to our heavenly home! Tuesday). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 768.

Proper 4A and Pentecost Tuesday | Three-Year Lectionary 6 Let Me Be Thine Forever Lutheran Service Book 689 | study by Richard J. Serina Jr.

Introduction We all know the old cliché that children don’t come with around the dinner table and at the bedside and, of course, manuals. Well, neither do baptizands or confirmands. All on Sunday mornings when we attend the Divine Service. Christian parents worry that their children will neglect The Reformation-era hymn, “Let Me Be Thine Forever,” faith and worship. The teenage years are the most excru- is the prayer of the Christian that God would by His mercy ciating, as these children we have held in our arms and and grace keep us in His fold. It also serves as an encour- taught to speak and sent off to school suddenly take great agement to us that our faith is strengthened by attending to liberties with their newfound independence. Parents worry, Word and Sacrament. and with good reason. ❚❚ What practices did your parents instill in you when it But God has not called us to force our children to remain comes to public or private devotion? What practices did in the Gospel. What He has called us to do is educate them you start in your own family? in their faith and model that faith for them in our own lives, ❚❚ What are some challenges facing our children that tempt them to abandon the faith?

Exploring the Scriptures The Gospel lesson for the Sunday is Matt. 9:9–13. In this ❚❚ Why does Jesus refer to the sinners and tax collectors as passage, Jesus calls Matthew to follow Him as His disciple. “sick”? Whom does He refer to as “well” or “righteous”? Matthew was known as a tax collector, and tax collectors Does He really mean that some are not in need of were considered traitors of the Jewish faith because they salvation and others are? worked for the Roman government. They were also noto- ❚❚ How does calling sinners show God’s mercy? What lesson rious for collecting more than was required so that they does Jesus give us about acknowledging our own sin in could “skim off the top” and take some for themselves. This this reading? obviously would lead to questions about why Jesus might choose such “sinners” as His disciples, but a criticism like This Gospel lesson reminds us of the mercy God has shown that misses the point of the Gospel altogether. Read Matt. His people in Jesus Christ. We are all sinners saved by 9:9–13. His mercy through the grace poured out upon us at Holy ❚❚ Did Jesus choose Matthew because he “deserved” to Baptism. He has made us His children, and now we are be His disciple? Why did Jesus choose Matthew, even about the business of learning His Word and receiving His though he was considered wicked by many others? Why gifts, specifically the Sacrament of the Altar. does He choose us?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ How has the Small Catechism continued to shape your During the days of the Reformation, when this hymn was family and private devotions? How do you use the Small composed, one of the chief challenges facing Lutheran Catechism to explore the Scriptures with your family or churches was the education of the faithful in this grace they to answer theological questions as they arise? had received. While visiting many of the congregations throughout Germany, Martin Luther was aghast to see Another controversy of the Reformation relating to this not only children but also parents who did not know the hymn’s background involved the rite of confirmation. Ten Commandments, the Apostles’ Creed, even the Lord’s Lutherans do not believe that the rite of confirmation is a Prayer. Many did not understand or value their Baptisms Sacrament that bestows the Holy Spirit, as the Spirit is giv- and the gift of the Lord’s Supper. So, Luther wrote both the en at Baptism. Instead, the rite of confirmation is an oppor- Small and Large Catechisms for the purpose of instructing tunity for children to confess their faith as learned through children in the faith, specifically to help parents teach that the study of the Catechism. This time of instruction faith to their own children. gives them an opportunity to learn and grow in the faith

Proper 5A | Three-Year Lectionary 7 they received at the font, so that they might come to the God, who consoles us with His Gospel, who makes us His Sacrament prepared to receive the blessings offered there. own to live with Him forever and who has purchased us ❚❚ What do you remember of your catechetical instruction through His “blood and bitter pain” upon the cross, that we leading to confirmation? How did your parents prepare might obtain eternal life from His hand. you for that process at home? How have you in turn ❚❚ How does the language here reflect what the Small prepared the children in your family? Catechism says about the Second Article of the Creed? ❚❚ How does Jesus console us in this life? What promises Text does He make that console us in the midst of a world The text of this hymn addresses the way the persons of infected with sin, death and the devil? the Holy Trinity are involved with our growth in faith and knowledge as Christians, a growth that is not restricted to The third and final stanza concludes with a prayer to the a two-year window during youth catechesis, but is part of Holy Spirit. The hymn tells us that it is the Holy Spirit who our daily spiritual disciplines. The first stanza addresses helps us cling to the Gospel of Jesus Christ, enables us to our faith in God the Father as the sustainer of our faith. It confess this Jesus as Lord, and blesses us with Christian is this God who does not forsake His children, but keeps faith even at death. All of this the Holy Spirit does through them close through His Word and enables them to remain the Means of Grace, where He “calls, gathers, enlightens, steadfast in faith and worship. and sanctifies” us by creating and strengthening faith in our ❚❚ Where has God given you access to Him? How does He hearts (LSB, p. 323). strengthen your faith through the Means of Grace? What ❚❚ How does the Holy Spirit work in our lives? How can do we risk by neglecting the Means of Grace? we be certain that it is the Holy Spirit working and not something else? Where do we find that Spirit? The second stanza calls our attention to Jesus Christ, our Savior. It is this Jesus who reveals the light and life from

Making the Connection Christian faith is not something we create or sustain on the Gospel of Jesus Christ. For there the God who created our own. Rather, faith is the work of God Himself, and He them calls them through His Son, and there the Son who alone can sustain us in that faith, doing so through Word redeemed them forgives their sins and there the Spirit who and Sacrament. Where we find Word and Sacrament, there creates faith in their hearts strengthens that faith through we have access to God through Jesus Christ, there we have the Means of Grace. the forgiveness of our sins and there we have the protec- ❚❚ How have you instilled the value of Word and Sacrament tion and strengthening our faith requires to withstand the in the lives of your children, your spouse or your family? attacks of the devil. This is what our children need. They What kind of an example have you given them of worship do not need entertainment or excitement; they need the in your own life? Gospel that comes to them through Word and Sacrament. Our children need to live, breathe, receive and cling to ❚❚ How does worship strengthen your faith so that you might remain strong against the devil’s attacks?

In Closing God does not abandon us or leave us on our own. He is at Prayer work in our lives, sustaining, forgiving and sanctifying us in Almighty and most merciful God, You sent Your Son, Jesus the faith through Word and Sacrament. Christian faith does Christ, to seek and to save the lost. Graciously open our not depend upon the reason of our minds or the strength of ears and our hearts to hear His call and to follow Him by our hands. It is God’s gracious gift, and He alone preserves faith that we may feast with Him forever in His kingdom; that faith through the Means of Grace we find in the Word through the same Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and and at the altar. reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 689. forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 5A).

Proper 5A | Three-Year Lectionary 8 Lift High the Cross Lutheran Service Book 837 | study by Paul J. Cain

Introduction L God forbid that I should glory, ❚❚ Does your congregation have a processional cross? C save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. If so, how is it used? ❚❚ What crosses are visible in your congregation’s One of the authors of this hymn, Michael Newbolt (1874– sanctuary? 1956), intended “Lift High the Cross” be used as a processional hymn. The 1916 version of the text calls for the ❚❚ What does it mean to “lift high the cross?” versicle and response above to be said when first entering the chancel at the beginning of Divine Service.

Exploring the Scriptures Read John 12:27–36 and John 3:14–21. ❚❚ What is the importance of a signal, ensign or flag on a ❚❚ What is the purpose of Jesus’ death? battlefield (cf. v. 10)? How does the cross have a similar function for Christians? ❚❚ What kind of death was He going to die under Jewish law ❚ (cf. Acts 7:54–60)? Under Roman law? ❚ Reconsider verses 12–16. What is the gathering mission focus in these verses? ❚❚ What do these two texts have in common? What is the Old Testament connection here? Read Matt. 16:24–28. ❚ Read Heb. 13:10–21. ❚ What would it profit a man if he gained the whole world for the price of his soul? ❚❚ “Sacrifices Pleasing to God” is the description of this ❚ section of Scripture in the English Standard Version. ❚ Where does Jesus of Nazareth reign as King of the Jews? How were sacrifices done before? Why is Jesus the end to ❚❚ How does the dialog in Matt. 16:21–23 put Jesus’ later those sacrifices? How is His sacrifice acceptable to God? words here in context? How are we acceptable to God? ❚❚ Why was the cross offensive to Peter? Why is it offensive ❚❚ What sacrifice of sanctification do Christians offer in to the world? Why is it sometimes offensive to us? thanks to God? Read Acts 11:19–30; 13:1–3, the appointed Second Reading Read Is. 11:1–16. for St. Barnabas. ❚❚ Why is David’s father Jesse mentioned in verse 1? ❚❚ How did Barnabas lift high the cross? ❚❚ What parts of this chapter speak to Jesus’ earthly ❚❚ What challenges and opportunities did he and the early ministry? Which sections speak to Jesus’ return on the Christians face? Last Day and what life will be like then?

Exploring the Hymn Background The revision turned Kitchin’s first stanza into the refrain. “Lift High the Cross” in its current form in LSB is the work Several of Newbolt’s twelve stanzas survive as stanzas 3, 4 of both George W. Kitchin (1827–1912) and Michael R. and 5 in LSB (they were stanzas 4, 8 and 9 respectively in Newbolt. Newbolt’s revision). Kitchin wrote a four-stanza hymn (now used as the ❚❚ Does this hymn’s text remind you of “Onward Christian refrain and stanzas 1, 2 and 6) for use at a Society for Soldiers”? Why? the Propagation of the Gospel Festival in Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire, England in June 1887. ❚❚ Do you think the author(s) had in mind Roman Emperor Newbolt’s revision first appeared in the 1916 Supplement Constantine’s vision as recorded in Life of Constantine of Hymns Ancient and Modern with an original tune.

St. Barnabas, Apostle, June 11 | Three-Year Lectionary 9 by Eusebius, In hoc signo vinces (In this sign you ❚❚ Who are the hosts of God? shall conquer)? ❚❚ What is the “seal” of “All newborn soldiers of the Crucified”? Lutheran Service Book provides Leopoldo Gros’ Spanish translation of a five-stanza version of the text with refrain. In stanza 4, Jesus draws believers to Himself as He is lifted ❚❚ How does the inclusion of a Spanish translation return up. Salvation is as narrow as the cross alone, but also as the hymn to its original 1887 purpose? wide as His arms open in welcome. ❚❚ How does the hymn anticipate on earth the song of the Stanza 5 presents the salvific worldview of the entire whole Church in heaven? Scriptures, including Isaiah, Matthew and Revelation, of God blessing Israel so that Israel would be a blessing to Text people of all tribes, nations and languages for the sake of Stanza 1 echoes the militarism of “Onward, Christian their salvation. The Christian Church, the new Israel of the Soldiers” and the Church Militant. The Church is at war Lord, proclaims salvation in Christ to the Jew first and also with the devil, the world and the sinful human flesh of to the Gentile, “all nations” (Matt. 28:19), “everyone whom Christian sinners/saints. This stanza, due to a current bias the Lord our God calls to himself” (Acts 2:39). against male, royal or military imagery, is often omitted in ❚❚ How is the cross exclusive? How is the cross inclusive? other hymnals. ❚❚ What is lost if this stanza is omitted or reworded? Stanza 6 concludes “our song of triumph” with praise to Christ alone for victory because of the cross, lifted high in ❚❚ Why is victory important in the battle against the devil, thanksgiving and witness. the world and our own sinful flesh? ❚❚ How is the cross both the source of our triumph and our The vision of Constantine is clearest in stanza 2. “The hosts song of triumph? of God” can refer to angels and archangels and all the com- ❚❚ LSB recommends that the refrain be sung in unison pany of heaven as well as singers here on earth. and the stanzas in harmony. How does this musical ❚❚ “All newborn soldiers of the Crucified” (st. 3) is rich with arrangement amplify the hymn’s message? the language of the rebirth of Holy Baptism, including “the seal of Him who died” “on their brows.”

Making the Connection The cross is an ideal image to communicate the love of Christians return to their vocations and tell the good news Christ, for Calvary is where the forgiveness of sins was about Jesus. The name of Jesus is important because there won. This hymn is sung in the context of Divine Service, is no other name under heaven that saves. where the forgiveness of sins is delivered in Holy Baptism, ❚❚ Where was forgiveness won? Instead of returning there Holy Absolution, the Holy Gospel and Holy Communion and then, where is forgiveness delivered? through the Office of the Holy Ministry. Forgiven by Christ,

In Closing Some congregations may have a sign that reads “You are Prayer now entering the mission field” that is visible when leaving Almighty God, Your faithful servant Barnabas sought not the church parking lot. In addition to being an ideal proces- his own renown but gave generously of his life and sub- sional hymn, “Lift High the Cross” is a natural recessional stance for the encouragement of the apostles and their hymn, sending a congregation off to enter the mission field. ministry. Grant that we may follow his example in lives giv- ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 837. en to charity and the proclamation of the Gospel; through Your Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for St. Barnabas, Apostle).

St. Barnabas, Apostle, June 11 | Three-Year Lectionary 10 God Loved the World So That He Gave Lutheran Service Book 571 | study by Scott R. Schilbe

Introduction Look across a stadium of fans enjoying a professional Jesus’ teaching in John 3:16 is certainly comforting to us. sporting event and you may see a fan holding a John 3:16 That’s because it applies Jesus’ work to us. Here, the pur- sign. You may even see a sports fan paint “John 3:16” on pose of Jesus’ death is revealed. He died so that we can have his or her body. This emphasis on John 3:16 is because for eternal life. many people, it summarizes Christianity’s central belief. ❚❚ Have you ever shared John 3:16 with a friend to Thanks be to God that this short summary of Christianity summarize the Gospel message? enjoys a large pop-culture following. Aside from professional sports (especially football), the reference of John 3:16 is ❚❚ Why do you think this verse has become this widely printed on the bottom of paper cups used by the In-N-Out known summary of the Bible’s teaching? Burger chain.

Exploring the Scriptures John 3:1–21 is the account of Jesus teaching Nicodemus. ❚❚ Is it our action of believing or is it the object of our belief Nicodemus was a Jew, a member of the Pharisees. Curious that saves us from hell? about Jesus, he secretly came to Jesus at night, so that ❚❚ Despite Jesus’ words here and elsewhere (John 14:6; Acts no other Jew would know of his curiosity. A catecheti- 4:11–12, for example), why do many people not believe cal conversation took place between the two men. Jesus that only Jesus saves? Why do people imagine that God instructed Nicodemus on how one enters the kingdom of includes all people in eternity, regardless of their belief’s? God. Towards the end of the instruction (starting at John 3:14), Jesus speaks very directly: “whoever believes in him ❚❚ Usually overshadowed by verse 16, verses 17 and 18 are [the Son of Man, Himself] may have eternal life” (v. 15). He also helpful verses that clarify how one enters eternal life. continues by speaking John 3:16–21. Read verses 17 and 18. What do these verses conclude? Again, how is one saved?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What is the significance of a “cornerstone?” Who is the Little is known about the origins of this beloved hymn. cornerstone (read 1 Peter 2:6; Ps. 118:22; Eph. 2:19–22)? Recent research suggests that the hymn was published in ❚❚ In stanza 3, God’s good and gracious will is proclaimed. a 1778 Pomeranian hymnal. Whoever wrote it has enabled What is His will? Read 1 Tim. 2:3–4. Christians to sing of the Gospel and the implications of the Gospel for the believer’s life. ❚❚ The Holy Spirit’s work is highlighted in stanza 3. By the Word, what does the Spirit declare? Read John 15:26; Text John 14:26; Titus 3:4–7. Stanza 1 is a paraphrase of John 3:16. The stanza puts the verse in poetic form. Stanzas 2 and following begin explain- Stanzas 4 and 5 calm fearful and anxious hearts. Sickness ing the implications of having faith resting on John 3:16. and death make us anxious, worried and fearful of life’s end. Questioning whether or not God forgives also creates ❚ ❚ John 1:14 and Col. 1:15 express that Jesus is the infinite, fearful and anxious hearts. uncreated, and eternal Son of God. According to stanza 2, what did this Son of God do? ❚❚ According to Rom. 6:3–10, how can Baptism grant us the “highest good”? ❚❚ What is the result of the Son of God’s work (end of st. 2)?

Proper 6A and the Fourth Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 11 ❚❚ To such fearful and anxious hearts, what good news ❚❚ Based on stanza 5, how can the Christian face death and does the hymn writer give us in stanzas 4 and 5? To help the grave? answer, read Rom. 3:21–28. ❚❚ When facing death, why are constant reminders of Stanza 6 concludes the hymn with a trinitarian reference. Christ’s work for us sinners especially important? As with all stanzas marked with a triangle in our hymnal, we stand in reverence as we sing this trinitarian doxology.

Making the Connection In Matt. 10:1–15, Jesus commissioned His apostles to pro- ❚❚ Who gives the apostles authority to proclaim the claim that the kingdom of God is at hand (Matt. 10:7). The kingdom? Who gives pastors this same authority today? kingdom of God is God’s rule and reign of grace and mercy. Read Matt. 28:18 and Matt. 10:1 to help answer this The kingdom of God is the Gospel, the saving message that question. God forgives sins and opens heaven to us because He gave ❚❚ As the Gospel promises of God are proclaimed, the Holy up His only begotten Son unto death. Spirit is creating faith “when and where it pleases God” ❚❚ In what present-day ways do pastors (those who follow (AC V, 33). Besides pastors, all of us can proclaim God’s the apostles in the apostolic ministry) continue to Gospel promises (Is. 40:9; Ps. 105:1; 1 Peter 2:9). Think proclaim the kingdom of God? of yourselves as sowers of the Word. While sowing the Word is difficult at times, what promise does God give us (Matt. 13:23)?

In Closing The next time you see “John 3:16” displayed at an athletic ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 571. event or on a paper cup, perhaps you’ll be reminded of today’s featured hymn. John 3:16 nicely summarizes the main Prayer teaching of the Bible. The Augsburg Confession expresses Almighty, eternal God, in the Word of Your apostles and it this way: “Our churches teach that people cannot be prophets You have proclaimed to us Your saving will. justified before God by their own strength, merits, or works. Grant us faith to believe Your promises that we may receive People are freely justified for Christ’s sake, through faith, eternal salvation; through Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives when they believe that they are received into favor and that and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and their sins are forgiven for Christ’s sake. By His death, Christ forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 6A). made satisfaction for our sins. God counts this faith for righteousness in His sight (Romans 3 and 4 [3:21–26; 4:5])” (AC IV, 33).

Proper 6A and the Fourth Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 12 O God, O Lord of Heaven and Earth Lutheran Service Book 834 | study by Paul F. Becker

Introduction The first of the 95 Theses states: “When our Lord and at the Diet of Worms in 1521 with his statement, “Here I Master Jesus Christ said, “Repent” [Mt 4:17], he willed the stand. I can do no other. God help me, Amen!” entire life of believers to be one of repentance” (Luther’s Such a confession and prayer echoes in the lines of this Works, American Edition, [Philadelphia: Fortress, 1957], Reformation hymn, “O God, O Lord of Heaven and Earth,” 31:25). As Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses to the which points out the path for our continuing bold mission church door in Wittenberg, Germany, on Oct. 31, 1517, and witness to Father, Son and Holy Spirit. he inadvertently began what today we call the Protestant ❚❚ Discuss how the meaning of repentance — turning Reformation. One of his primary concerns was with the to God and changing the way you think and act — sale of indulgences, which in his mind cheapened the grace determines the nature of our mission and witness of God and trivialized the treasure of Confession and to Jesus. Absolution, thus distorting the Church’s Gospel mission and witness. The good news of God’s grace held such im- ❚❚ Are there any areas you can think of in which the Church portance for Luther that he was willing to defy the Emperor today stands in need of reformation?

Exploring the Scriptures Martin Franzmann’s text makes use of the work of each ❚❚ How was the author of our salvation able to “destroy the person of the Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, to draw one who [had] the power of death” (Heb. 2:14)? out what each divine person has done and continues to do ❚❚ Describe the bondage from which we have been set free for our good. Read John 1:1–7. by His death. ❚❚ How does the phrase “All things were made through him” (v. 3) shape your thinking about life and creation? Ultimately, only the Holy Spirit’s work of restoration will ❚❚ If darkness cannot overcome the light (v. 5), what allow the Church to fulfill its task of bringing good news to prevents people from seeing the truth? Hint: What do we a sick and dying world. Without His presence, “the way of love more? peace they have not known” (Rom. 3:17). Read Rom. 15:5–6. Who can fathom the depths of God’s love in becoming one ❚❚ What Scriptures in particular give you endurance and of us (Rom. 11:33)? By sharing our flesh and blood, Christ encouragement? did what we were unable to do. Read Heb. 2:14–15. ❚❚ What kind of thoughts and words glorify God and advance the Church’s mission and witness?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ The 500th anniversary of the Reformation is Oct. 31, Martin H. Franzmann (1907–1976) was called in 1946 to 2017. Discuss two or three Reformation themes that still teach at Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri. In energize us today. 1955, he joined the department of Exegetical Theology there. He was known for his traditional stance on biblical Text inerrancy and inspiration over against historical criticism, Even as the first stanza expresses the aimlessness, fu- as well as his commentaries on Romans and Revelation. tility, and brokenness of life, consequences of the fall, it Five of his original hymns and one of his translations are offers a powerful refutation of the false claim that would found in Lutheran Service Book. Today’s hymn was written lay responsibility for sin and death on God. Call to mind for the 450th anniversary of the Reformation in 1967. Michelangelo’s well-known painting of the creation, in ❚❚ What uniquely qualifies a student and teacher of the which the “living finger” of God the Father gives life to the Scriptures to compose new hymns for the Church? yet lifeless figure of Adam.

Proper 6A, B, C, the Conversion of St. Paul, January 25 and the Seventh Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 13 ❚❚ Discuss the phrases and word pictures that demonstrate ❚❚ How does repeating the phrase “how beautiful the feet” God’s design and intention for mankind. (st. 3) — a direct reference to Is. 52:7 — bring a sense of ❚❚ In stanza 2, we discover the results of insisting on our hope and promise? “fatal” and “rebel will.” What evidence do you see today that man’s rebellion is still fatal? The final stanza evokes the “high doxology” of heaven heard in Rev. 5:12–13: “Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to Stanzas 3 and 4 capture in vivid terms how God spared receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor no expense to win us back to Himself. He breathed our and glory and blessing! … To him who sits on the throne poisoned air, and drank the dark despair that strangle our and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might “reluctant breath.” forever and ever!” To this our lives aspire even now in “these The hymn was written during the height of both the grey and latter days” by virtue of the Spirit’s breath. Vietnam conflict and the arms race of the Cold War. ❚❚ What are some things that would characterize your personal, family, and church life if these were among “those whose life is praise”?

Making the Connection As we give thanks to God for restoring His Church, there ❚❚ How does God bring comfort and hope to us who are many gifts for us to rejoice in. still inhabit our “hall of death” (st. 3) and “house of ❚❚ What means does the Spirit use to make the Church once doom” (st. 2)? again “the bringer of good news to men” (st. 4) today?

In Closing Every Lord’s Day in each Divine Service, whether we feel Prayer it or not, God the Holy Spirit breathes afresh and anew on O God, the strength of all who put their trust in You, merci- humble and repentant hearts through Word and Sacrament fully grant that by Your power we may be defended against the very life and love that God desires for us to experience all adversity; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who and share with our neighbors. God’s people gather where lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now He has promised to bring us back to Himself. and forever. Amen (Collect for the Seventh Sunday after the ❚❚ Read aloud or sing together LSB 834. Epiphany).

Proper 6A, B, C, the Conversion of St. Paul, January 25 and the Seventh Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 14 Lord of Our Life Lutheran Service Book 659 | study by Randall P. Wurschmidt

Introduction “Therefore, we Christians must be armed [Ephesians In this hymn we pray to God in the midst of strife and 6:10–18] and daily expect to be constantly attacked. No one threats from Satan and the world. As Martin Luther wrote may go on in security and carelessly, as though the devil in the Large Catechism, we are under constant attack, were far from us. At all times we must expect and block though sometimes we are more aware of it than at other his blows. Though I am now chaste, patient, kind, and in times. But it is against the Church that the greatest assaults firm faith, the devil will this very hour send such an arrow are made, and thus this hymn — in the section of the hym- into my heart that I can scarcely stand. For he is an enemy nal called “The Church Militant” — is a prayer of steadfast- that never stops or becomes tired. So when one temptation ness against the enemies of the Church. stops, there always arise others and fresh ones” (LC III It seems that in our lifetime the Church is under espe- 109, 421). cially harsh attack. Describe some ways that you believe ❚❚ Have you found this to be true in your own life? this is so. ❚❚ How does Satan use assaults against the Church to try to undermine your own faith?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Rev. 12:7–17. ❚❚ According to verse 11, how has Satan been defeated? Left on our own, we have no defense against the schemes of the devil. But God has given us a way to shield ourselves ❚❚ What do you think it means for us that the devil’s “time is from the onslaught. Read Eph. 6:10–18. short” now (v. 12)? ❚❚ What are the vivid ways that Paul suggests you arm ❚❚ If he can no longer engage Jesus directly, where does he yourself? now turn his attention (vv. 13, 17)? ❚❚ Where will you find all these things supplied for you?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Should we expect the world to become increasingly more Although it seems that in our time Satan and the world are peaceful as the day of Jesus’ return draws ever nearer? working especially hard against the Church, the truth is Why or why not? that there have been many such times in our history. One such time was the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48); although it The English translation of “Lord of Our Life” that we sing was a time of death, disease and destruction, many great comes from Philip Pusey (1799–1855). His brother, Edward hymns of faith were born out of the horrific conditions Bouvier Pusey, was a leader of the Oxford Movement in the caused by this conflict (for example, the many hymns of Church of England (in the early-to- mid-1800s). Pusey, too, Paul Gerhardt). It was a largely political and territorial war, lived during a time when his Church was under assault, not though it is also remembered — at least superficially — as a by princes and emperors, but by secularization and liberal battle about religion. The author of today’s hymn, Matthäus theology, and the Oxford Movement sought to reverse some Apelles von Löwenstern (1594–1648), was an imperial of those trends. They found this hymn to be a source of counselor in the courts of two Holy Roman Emperors comfort in their struggles. during these years. He was a devout Lutheran, but his ❚❚ Some hymns are more timeless than others; hymns like employers were Roman Catholic, and very determined to this one successfully work well over many generations, destroy the Lutheran faith. while some seem quickly and embarrassingly dated. ❚❚ Why do times of great affliction and suffering produce What makes some hymns more successful than others in such outstanding hymns of faith? crossing over the centuries?

Proper 7A | Three-Year Lectionary 15 Text John’s Gospel especially uses the language of light to de- There is marvelous imagery in every stanza of this hymn: scribe Jesus. Read John 1:4–5 and 8:12. light and darkness, storm and calm, battle and peace. The ❚❚ How does darkness describe the world? Church is the ark that protects us from the hungry billows outside and from the enemy, who unfurls his banners of ❚❚ How has the light overcome the darkness? war. The metaphor of the Church as the ark on stormy waters is an ancient one, and is even found in our baptismal The hymn generally follows a pattern of prayer that goes liturgy (see LSB pp. 268–271). like this: (1) address to God; (2) an attribute or quality of God; (3) a petition to God; (4) the expected result; and (5) ❚ ❚ How would you interpret the “star” in the first stanza? conclusion. See Is. 14:17 and Rev. 22:16. ❚❚ Describe how this hymn fits the form of prayer The second stanza is an especially vivid description of how stated above. the enemy lurks outside, surrounding you and waiting to ❚❚ What are the various forms of “peace” that the last stanza devour you (1 Peter 5:8). describes? What sort of peace has already been achieved ❚❚ Does the imagery of the ark help you to feel secure? Why for us in Jesus? When will we finally know true and or why not? everlasting peace?

Making the Connection “Lord of Our Life” is an affirmation of spiritual warfare, we can thumb our nose at him. Jesus is the one who con- that Satan and his minions are at work against Christians quered death so that we need not fear it. and the Church in every effort to destroy her. Here we pray Jesus is the one who took on our sins so that we would be that God would hear us as we cry out to Him for help in our assured of forgiveness. fight against the wily foe. He sent us Jesus to defeat him; ❚❚ Why is it so disconcerting for us whenever a church He sends His Holy Spirit to us to strengthen us in faith and leader falls to sexual temptation or covetousness? to arm us against temptation and despair. With every crisis in worldwide Christianity, Satan tries to ❚❚ How do Holy Baptism and the Lord’s Supper help us to convince us that God has abandoned us. Modern atheists put on the armor of God? Can these Means of Grace help try to prove that Christianity is evil and that it causes wars keep us from being easily disillusioned or cynical? like the Thirty Years’ War. ❚❚ How else does the Divine Service deliver to us the means In the end, our only comfort in the midst of this world’s to shield ourselves against the evil one? troubles is Jesus. He is the one who defeated Satan so that

In Closing In this life we cry, “How long, O LORD?” (Ps. 79:5); yet we ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 659. rightly look to Jesus as the “God of our salvation” (Ps. 79:9); He is our sun and shield (Ps. 84:11). Our Lord saves us Prayer through the blood of Jesus Christ, who is our hope in every Almighty and gracious Lord, pour out Your Holy Spirit on need, and our only source of peace in God. Because Jesus Your faithful people. Keep us steadfast in Your grace and has defeated Satan, the gates of hell shall never prevail truth, protect and deliver us in times of temptation, defend against Christ’s Church (Matt. 16:18). Jesus is the Lord of us against all enemies, and grant to Your Church Your sav- your life because you have been baptized into His death and ing peace; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who resurrection, to be raised with Him and to live with Him in lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now life everlasting. and forever. Amen (Collect for Reformation Day).

Proper 7A | Three-Year Lectionary 16 When All the World Was Cursed Lutheran Service Book 346 | study by Steven P. Mueller

Introduction On a cross-country driving trip, a tourist decided to venture field of sorghum. That will take you right to the highway.” off the main highway to drive through the countryside for The driver thanked the farmer and hoping he could figure a while. He thought he knew where he was and he was it out, drove down the road muttering, “Johnson’s farm … enjoying the change of scenery. After an hour or so, he where the barn used to be. They could really use some signs began driving back towards where he thought the highway around here.” should be, but after driving awhile, he grew concerned. Not ❚❚ What is the purpose of a sign? wanting to drive around randomly, he stopped when he saw a farmer working close to the side of the road. “Excuse ❚❚ What “signs” pointed people to Jesus as the Messiah? me, sir. Can you give me directions to the highway?” The farmer Today’s hymn focuses on one of the signs that directed peo- gladly answered, “Sure. Just drive up this road for a couple ple to Jesus the Messiah: John the Baptist. His work pre- miles. Make a right at the Johnson’s farm. Then take a left pared others to meet their Savior when He first appeared where their barn used to be. After that it’s just past the big and his words help prepare us to see Jesus today.

Exploring the Scriptures John the Baptist is an important figure in the Gospels and ❚❚ Why did John not want to baptize Jesus? Why was Jesus an important figure in our Advent preparations. baptized? What happened after His Baptism? What does Read part of the story of John the Baptist in John 1:6–9, this signify? 15–17, 23–31. ❚❚ Why did God send John the Baptist? What did John John’s story does not end with this amazing Baptism. Read say about Jesus? What do we receive from Jesus that we what happened next in John 1:29, 35–37. receive from no one else? ❚❚ What did John call Jesus? What does this mean? What ❚❚ How does John describe himself? effect did this have on his disciples?

Read about the Baptism of Jesus in Matt. 3:1–12. Read Luke 1:41–44. ❚ ❚❚ What did John call the crowds to do? ❚ When did John first meet Jesus? What does this tell us about faith?

Exploring the Hymn Background Later in life, pastor Olearius was called to positions of lead- Pastor Johann Gottfried Olearius (1635–1711) wrote and ership in the regional church. He also served as a theology published this hymn while serving at St. Mary’s Church in teacher. In the last years of his life, he faced challenges Halle, Germany. He wrote it specifically for the Nativity of when he became completely blind. St. John the Baptist (June 24). While this hymn summariz- ❚❚ How might John the Baptist’s message have helped pastor es themes from John the Baptist, Olearius demonstrated a Olearius endure affliction? How can it help people who pastoral concern by putting those who sing this hymn into struggle with challenging situations today? the story. We are invited to hear the Baptist’s message and we pray that we hear John’s invitation to follow the Savior. Text ❚❚ How important is it that we consider how a biblical story At first glance, this hymn may seem to simply summarize applies to us? When we do this, do you think we are the story of John the Baptist. But it really does much more honest about what we really might have done in a similar than that. It places the story in its historical and theological situation? context and reveals some of the deeper meaning of these events. It invites us into the Gospel narrative.

The Nativity of St. John the Baptist, June 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 17 ❚❚ What is “Moses’ condemnation” that is spoken of in While John is often remembered for baptizing people in the stanza 1? In what sense was Moses’ message a blessing? Jordan River, this is not the most significant thing in his In what sense was it a curse (see also Gal. 3:10)? How is ministry. Read John 1:29–36. John’s message different from Moses’ message? ❚❚ Why are John’s words about Jesus more important than his baptizing? Following the Gospels, this hymn tells us some details of John’s life. Read Luke 1:13–17, 39–45. ❚❚ Whose sins does Jesus’ work take away? Why is this a critical point for us to understand? Is there anyone not ❚ ❚ How is John like Elijah? How is he different? included in Jesus’ work? ❚ ❚ How was John able to recognize Jesus while both were ❚❚ How does John model discipleship and humility in still in the womb? dealing with those who were following him?

Making the Connection In the first of his 95 Theses, Martin Luther writes, “When ❚❚ Is John’s message really something that we “receive, our Lord and Master Jesus Christ said, ‘Repent,’ he willed rejoicing” (st. 4)? What should we do when we hear John’s the entire life of believers to be one of repentance” (AE message? 31:25). This hymn invites us to hear John’s message and, ❚❚ John the Baptist faithfully focused attention away from like his disciples, respond by following Christ. himself and onto Jesus. How can we do the same?

In Closing By our Savior’s invitation, we come to His table in repentant Prayer joy to receive His body and blood. As we come, we prepare Almighty God, through John the Baptist, the forerunner to receive our Lord by singing John’s words: “Lamb of God, of Christ, You once proclaimed salvation. Now grant that You take away the sin of the world” (LSB, p. 163). At the ta- we may know this salvation and serve You in holiness and ble we receive the very thing that John showed his disciples righteousness all the days of our life; through our Lord — Jesus, the Lamb of God, the world’s Redeemer. Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives and reigns with You and ❚❚ Sing or read together LSB 346. the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for the Nativity of St. John the Baptist).

The Nativity of St. John the Baptist, June 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 18 Let Us Ever Walk with Jesus Lutheran Service Book 685 | study by Charles Gustafson

Introduction A walkathon is a walking marathon used by a community The hymn of this day talks about a walk and yet some- to raise funds for various organizations. Walkathons are thing that is more than a walk: it is a “lifeathon” that begins unlike marathons or races in that they focus upon non- as a walk. It is one that incorporates many members, the competitive and low-intensity involvement. Those involved main one being the Lord Jesus Christ. He walks with us in the walking and organization of the walkathon are not through all the stages of life. competing against each other, but are working collectively ❚❚ What does it mean to you that Jesus is walking with you? for the benefit of a given challenge. The people are truly walking with each other to accomplish something import- ❚❚ If you are walking with Jesus, what might the goal(s) be? ant, life- changing and meaningful. ❚❚ Is the walking that you do with each other and with Jesus one that promises to be problem-free?

Exploring the Scriptures Walking with Jesus and being with Jesus may entail sit- differences for the sake of faithfulness to Christ and His uations both bitter and joyful. How are such possibilities Gospel of life arose? suggested in Matt. 10:38–39? Paul states in Rom. 7:1–13, the Epistle lesson for this day, Matthew 10:34 does not speak the language of peace one that the Law is binding on a person during his or her life. often associates with being in the presence of Christ. It He suggests that in order for the Law to lose its power and rather speaks of violence, a violence that will cause sep- attachment to an individual, the person must die and be aration from family. How can it be that being with Jesus united to another (vv. 4–6). How does being with Jesus nul- could possibly cause division within one’s home? Has your lify the power or ownership of the Law on us? Does the nul- allegiance to Christ caused differences to erupt within lification of the Law’s power make you feel alive and new? your family or community? How did you feel when the

Exploring the Hymn Background Text This hymn by Sigismund von Birken (1626–1681) was first In LSB the hymn is placed under the heading “Sanctification.” published in his “Sacred Grains of Incense or Hymns of It is placed there because the hymn speaks to the response Devotion” (Nuremberg, 1652). He was a pastor’s son who of the baptized to the new life received through the grace of had studied theology but gave it up and found his place as a the Holy Spirit. The new life is a regenerated life born anew, writer of poetry. As a child Birken experienced the trauma as John’s Gospel reminds us, by water and the Spirit. of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), which included exile, The Small Catechism states that baptizing with water severe illness and being orphaned by age sixteen. “indicates that the Old Adam in us should by daily contri- ❚❚ Has there ever been a time when you felt moved to write tion and repentance be drowned and die with all sins and about something spiritual? What themes from the Bible evil desires, and that a new man should daily emerge and might you consider? What themes from life might you arise to live before God in righteousness and purity forever” connect to your relationship to God as He has revealed (LSB, p. 325). Himself to you in His Word? ❚❚ How does the text of the hymn reflect the nature of Baptism in our lives? This hymn was subtitled “Imitation of Christ.” ❚❚ What is it that causes us to suffer and die with Jesus? Our ❚❚ Would you consider this a good subtitle for “Let Us Ever sorrow over sin (contrition)? Our desire to follow Jesus’ Walk with Jesus”? example? Both? ❚❚ In what way is your life an imitation of Christ? ❚❚ How do the words, “faith and hope and love” (st. 1) play into our walking with Jesus?

Proper 8A | Three-Year Lectionary 19 The hymn has a number of biblical references and allusions. The Gospel of John reminds us that Jesus is the resurrec- Stanza 1 draws from John 1:35–43, the call to follow Jesus. tion and the life. In this Gospel it is Thomas the doubter, However, the last part of the stanza, a petition to Jesus, who is first the voice calling the other disciples to die with “Faithful Lord, with me abide,” recalls John 15:4–8. Verse 4 Christ (John 11:16). Stanza 3 invites followers of Jesus to do talks about Jesus the vine, and how we need to be a part of the same. the vine. ❚❚ How would you have reacted to Thomas’s invitation to go ❚❚ Do you believe that it would be possible to walk “Through and die with Jesus? Would you affirm his invitation? a world that would deceive us / And to sin our spirits lure. ❚❚ We have the hindsight of the resurrection, which affirms Full of faith and hope and love,” if you were not part of the truth of Jesus being the “life.” How does this truth the true vine? confirm the belief that “He will free us from destruction, ❚❚ Jesus did the “Father’s bidding,” which culminated at / Give to us immortal breath?” the cross of Calvary. As a branch of the same vine, list some of the things you believe to be the bidding of your Paul writes in Eph. 4:15 that “we are to grow up in every heavenly Father in today’s world. way into him who is the head, into Christ.” In 1 Cor. 12:27 he reminds us that we are the Body of Christ, and goes on Stanza 2 mentions suffering with Jesus and bearing the to affirm how God gives gifts to the members through the cross. This is an allusion to Matt. 16:24 and Luke 14:27. Holy Spirit. ❚❚ Why is it mandatory to take up one’s cross as a disciple ❚❚ What assurance of life eternal is there if one is a member of Jesus? Is suffering then a good thing? Is it an expected of the Body of Christ? Why? thing? If so, why? ❚❚ If Christ is eternal and we are a part of His Body now, is the phrase in stanza 4, “to life we may awaken,” a reference only to future things or to things present now?

Making the Connection This hymn is one that causes us to think about the cost say, “Onward in His footsteps treading, / Pilgrims here, of discipleship. There is nothing cheap about it. It is a life our home above” (st. 1)? Does it help you to live through that one enters through the power and grace of God in any suffering you may have to endure, or any sorrow you Holy Baptism. It is sustained by the Lord Himself in His may encounter along life’s way? Supper for us. ❚❚ Does it empower you to know Christ crucified and raised ❚❚ Does it help you to know that you are a member of the from the dead so that you can sing, “Joy will follow all our Body of Christ and a part of His kingdom so that you can sadness; / Where He is, there is no loss” (st. 2)?

In Closing The meaning to the Second Article of the Creed ends with Prayer the words, “that I may be His own and live under Him in Almighty God, Your Son willingly endured the agony and His kingdom and serve Him in everlasting righteousness, shame of the cross for our redemption. Grant us courage innocence, and blessedness, just as He is risen from the to take up our cross daily and follow Him wherever He dead, lives and reigns to all eternity” (LSB, p. 323). The dis- leads; through the same Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives ciple of Christ Jesus is one who walks, suffers, dies and lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and with the Lord. This is not simply a new walk; it is a whole forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 17A). new life that commends itself to the will of Christ the Head. ❚❚ Sing stanza 1 of hymn 685, then speak stanzas 2 and 3, and close with the singing of stanza 4.

Proper 8A | Three-Year Lectionary 20 Lord Jesus Christ, the Church’s Head Lutheran Service Book 647 | study by John T. Pless

Introduction This post-Reformation hymn breathes the confidence of only, whose name is Jesus Christ [Colossians 1:18]” (SA the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, that “this Church IV 1, p. 268). alone is called Christ’s body, which Christ renews, sanctifies, and governs by His Spirit. Paul testifies about this Today’s hymn calls upon Jesus as “the Church’s head,” when he says, ‘And gave Him as head over all things to the confessing Him to be the “foundation” and “rock” which Church, which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all provide security for our life in the world. in all’ (Ephesians 1:22–23)” (Ap VII and VIII 5, p. 144). ❚❚ When we discuss the Church, why must we always begin From her divine head, the Body of Christ has life through and end with Christ? the forgiveness of sins. Luther was bold to assert the fact ❚❚ What do you pray for when you pray for the Church? How of Christ’s headship against the false claim of the papacy, does this hymn guide and shape our prayers for the well- “The pope is not, according to divine law or God’s Word, being of the Church? the head of all Christendom. This name belongs to One

Exploring the Scriptures The key text behind this hymn is Eph. 2:19–21. ❚❚ Jesus makes the question more pointed: “Who do you ❚❚ How does Paul describe what God has worked in Christ say that I am?” (v. 15). How does Peter answer? Hermann in verses 19–20? Sasse once said something to the effect that every true creed in Christendom is simply an expansion of Peter’s ❚❚ What is the nature of Christ’s authority and dominion in confession. How does the Apostles’ Creed unpack Peter’s verse 21? Also see Matt. 28:18. confession of Jesus? ❚❚ Who made Christ “head over all things to the church” ❚❚ What is “this rock” of verse 18? What does Christ promise (Eph. 1:22)? to do with this rock? How do the words of Jesus comfort ❚❚ What does this passage say about the future of struggling believers faced with what appears to be a the Church? failing church?

Read Matt. 16:13–19. This text is the Holy Gospel appoint- Read Eph. 4:3–6, 15–16. The letter to the Ephesians is the ed for St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles. It is the account of great epistle on the Church’s unity. Peter’s confession at Caesarea Philippi and Jesus’ promise ❚❚ List the “ones” in verses 4–6. How do we confess the to the Church. oneness of the Church in the Nicene Creed? ❚❚ How do the disciples respond to Jesus’ question regarding ❚❚ According to verses 15–16, how is the oneness of the the identity of the Son of Man? Church expressed?

Exploring the Hymn Background His life was marked by suffering and affliction. Mentzer’s This hymn was written by a Lutheran pastor and poet, contemporaries commented favorably on the consoling Johann Mentzer (1658–1734). Mentzer was born in power of this hymn. Jahmen, Silesia. After completing his theological studies in ❚❚ This hymn embraces both praise and supplication. How Wittenberg, Germany he was appointed pastor in Merzdorf, is Christ praised in this hymn? What does the hymn Germany, where he served until being called to Hauswalde, implore Christ to do for the Church? Germany in 1693. In 1696, he was called to Kemnitz, Saxony, where he remained until his death in 1734. ❚❚ What are the most consoling aspects of this hymn for Christians under persecution or stress?

St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles, June 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 21 Text false teaching destroy the strength and comfort of the Confessing the Lord Jesus to be the Head of the Church Means of Grace? and her only foundation, the hymn describes the posture of God’s faithful people as bowing in trust and waiting for sal- Stanzas 3 and 4 speak of the Christian’s life — a life hal- vation. This trust is well founded, for it is built on Christ’s lowed by the radiance of God’s Word (see Ps. 119:105) and Word, the “rock secure” which will not pass away. It is a lived in the humility of repentance and faith under the cross characteristic of Mentzer’s poetry that he draws together and in the hope of heaven. numerous biblical images. ❚❚ How do stanzas 3 and 4 echo the Small Catechism’s ❚❚ Which images in stanza 1 are drawn from these texts: explanation of the first three petitions of the Lord’s Ps. 95:6; Gen. 49:1; Matt.7:24–27; Matt. 16:18? Prayer? ❚❚ Why will the Church endure? See 1 Tim.3:15. In his treatment of the Third Petition in the Large In stanza 2, the hymn writer pictures the Church as a Catechism, Luther writes, “little flock” confessing Christ’s name, and so implores “For where God’s Word is preached, accepted, or believed Him to continue to guard and keep His people in unity and produces fruit, there the holy cross cannot be missing with Himself. [Acts 14:22]. And let no one think that he shall have ❚❚ How does stanza 2 reflect the promise of Jesus in peace [Matthew 10:34]. He must risk whatever he has Luke 12:32? upon earth—possessions, honor, house and estate, wife and children, body and life. Now, this hurts our flesh and ❚❚ Read John 10:1–16. How do the sheep have unity with the the old Adam [Ephesians 4:22]. The test is to be stead- Shepherd? fast, and to suffer with patience [James 5:7–8] in what- ❚❚ There is urgency in the supplication that God would ever way we are assaulted, and to let go whatever is taken preserve in purity His Word and Sacraments, for these from us [1 Peter 2:20–21]” (LC III 65–66, p. 416). gifts “remain our only strength and comfort.” How does ❚❚ How is this thought reflected in stanzas 3 and 4?

Making the Connection Luther characterized his evangelical theology as a “theology ❚❚ How is this hymn a sung “theology of the cross”? of the cross” in contrast to the ever-prevailing “theology of ❚❚ How is its message against contemporary temptations in glory.” The theology of the cross finds God in the suffering the church to embrace a theology of glory? of Christ, in His lowliness to be our Savior. A theology of glory attempts to discover God in human strength and achievement.

In Closing In light of our study of this hymn, reflect on Luther’s Prayer words in his 1533 treatise on “The Private Mass and the Now pray together the Lord’s Prayer and conclude with this Consecration of Priests,” “For the church confesses in the collect: Almighty God, grant to Your Church Your Holy Lord’s Prayer that it sins and errs; but it is forgiven every- Spirit and the wisdom that comes down from above, that thing. … It remains a submissive sinner before God until Your Word may not be bound but have free course and be the day of judgment and is holy alone in Christ its Savior by preached to the joy and edifying of Christ’s holy people, that grace and the forgiveness of sins” (AE 38:171). in steadfast faith we may serve You and, in the confession ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 647. of Your name, abide unto the end; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (For the Church, LSB, p. 305).

St. Peter and St. Paul, Apostles, June 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 22 I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say Lutheran Service Book 699 | study by Scott R. Schilbe

Introduction Time for rest is much desired. To relax, to repose is actu- ❚❚ Have you considered ways of limiting those activities? If ally not as easy as it sounds. Work and family responsibil- so, how? ities constantly interrupt that Sunday afternoon nap or Thursday evening leisure time. Home projects, originally If only our constant activity were the problem. Many people estimated to take a short time, result in even bigger projects are unable to find rest due to fear and despair — fear and taking away more precious time! Email and social me- despair over a holy God who cannot tolerate sin. Soon, dia inundate us with messages, status updates, blogs and such people find themselves working to appease a holy tweets, all begging to be read. There is always something to God, trying to do whatever they can to earn God’s approval do! No rest allowed! and favor. ❚❚ What are some of your regular activities that prevent you ❚❚ Why can’t such a person ever find rest? from resting as much as you’d like? ❚❚ Who is the only one who can provide rest from attempts to earn God’s approval and favor? How does He do this?

Exploring the Scriptures Jesus’ comforting words of Matt. 11:28–30 teach us that He Bible or a Bible dictionary, comment on “yoke.” How can a is the only true source of rest. Jesus tenderly invites us who “yoke” be thought of as a “burden”? are wearied by sin, death and our own sinful flesh to come ❚❚ What are some of the heavy yokes you feel in your life? to Him, to lay all our burdens upon Him and to receive the rest He gives. ❚❚ What are some of the heavy yokes an unbeliever may face in his or her life? ❚❚ Jesus uses agricultural images to issue His invitation to rest. Consulting a study Bible like The Lutheran Study ❚❚ How is Jesus’ yoke different from the world’s yoke? Of what does His yoke consist?

Exploring the Hymn Background weary us? What type of res t— what more permanent rest The hymn’s writer, Rev. Horatius Bonar (1809–1889), served — is Jesus offering? as a Presbyterian pastor in Kelso, Scotland. He wrote this ❚❚ Is this “rest” temporary or eternal or both? hymn for children in 1846, while serving his congregation. During this time, Bonar experienced a period of unrest Notice that Bonar begins each stanza with Jesus’ words of within the church. The unrest within the established invitational promise. The hymn’s third line, in each stanza, church led him and others to form the Free Church of changes the speaker from Jesus to “I.” The third and fourth Scotland. A prolific hymn writer, Bonar later in life became lines give the response to Jesus’ invitation. a leader of this denomination he helped form. Throughout church changes in Scotland, he kept focused on the hope ❚❚ To whom could “I” refer? of eternal life with Jesus, a hope that Rev. Bonar aids us in ❚❚ Could “I” refer to you? confessing today. Stanza 2 changes the invitation from “rest” to “drink.” Text ❚❚ Read John 4:14; 7:37; Rev. 22:17; and Is. 55:1. How does “I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say” is selected as today’s Hymn Bonar use these verses in stanza 2? of the Day because of its connection (especially in st. 1) with Matt. 11:28–30. Bonar takes Jesus’ invitation to come to ❚❚ Based on your study of the John, Revelation and Isaiah Him for rest and expounds on it. passages cited above, to what or whom does “living water” refer? ❚❚ When Jesus issues the invitation, is He referring to rest from vocational responsibilities or social media that

Proper 9A | Three-Year Lectionary 23 Stanza 3 again changes the invitation from “drink” to ❚❚ Is this “light” temporary or eternal or both? Read Rev. “look.” Using one of Jesus’ “I am” statements, Bonar incor- 21:22–25. porates John 8:12 in stanza 3. Read John 8:12.

Making the Connection Each stanza highlights one invitation issued by Jesus. But We believe, teach and confess that the Holy Spirit gives us all three invitations are similar, with the same aim. this “rest,” “water” and “light” as the Gospel is proclaimed ❚❚ What can the words “weary,” “thirsty” and “dark” (Absolution, sermon) and distributed (Baptism, the Lord’s describe? Supper). In those places, Jesus promises to give us the forgiveness of sins, life, and salvation that He achieved for us ❚❚ What can the words “rest,” “water” and “light” describe? on the cross. In giving us His gifts, He enlightens our weary ❚❚ Who has this desired and needed “rest,” “water” and thirsty souls. and “light”?

In Closing By the Gospel proclamation, the Holy Spirit delivers rest; ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 699. rest anchored on Jesus, rest for sin-terrified souls. God declares you to be without sin. You can rest. You live in the Prayer light of Jesus. Gracious God, our heavenly Father, Your mercy attends us ❚❚ Recalling that Jesus gives you rest in Word and all our days. Be our strength and support amid the weari- Sacrament, why is regular church attendance important some changes of this world, and at life’s end grant us Your for a Christian? promised rest and the full joys of Your salvation; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with ❚❚ Do you have a friend or family member without a church You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen home who presently is searching for rest, for peace with (Collect for Proper 9A). God? What can you say to him or her to witness of Jesus?

Proper 9A | Three-Year Lectionary 24 Almighty God, Your Word Is Cast Lutheran Service Book 577 | study by Frank J. Pies

Introduction Anyone who has raised crops or grown produce is famil- ❚❚ If you have farmed or worked in a garden, how did iar with the process in all its details. The ground must be you react when you were successful? Or when things prepared and the seed planted, watered and cultivated. The unfortunately failed? goal of this activity is usually reached by the grace of God, a healthy harvest realized from the mature plant. At other In the Holy Gospel appointed for Proper 10A, Matt. 13:1–9, times, however, the effort is less than successful. 18–23, Jesus draws upon the agricultural practices of ❚❚ What do you think is most important in farming or first-century Palestine in telling the parable of the sower. gardening? Why? This story is the basis for today’s chief hymn.

Exploring the Scriptures The parable of the sower reveals important spiritual truths ❚❚ According to the Lord’s interpretation recorded in Mark by describing ordinary events. Read the story in Matt. 4:14 and Luke 8:11, the seed is the Word of God. How is 13:1–9. this comparison stated in Matt. 13:19? The opening sentence of the parable in verse 3 announces ❚❚ What kinds of hearers and what results are represented its theme. What is it? In Bible times, farmers broadcast the by the first three soils on which the seed was sown, verses seed by hand, scattering it in all directions in the field and 19–22? About what dangers does our Lord here warn us? implanting it with a harrow. ❚❚ What does the good soil with its planted seed represent? ❚ ❚ What are the four kinds of soil in the parable, verses 4–8? (v. 23) In light of God’s promise in Is. 55:10–11, what does What are the results of sowing the seed on these soils? the Word’s fruitfulness among this group of hearers say ❚❚ Through the sober exhortation at the end of the story, about its efficacy? How does this fact encourage and verse 9, what is Jesus inviting the listener to do beyond comfort all those who sow the seed of the Gospel — hearing with his physical ears? pastors, teachers, missionaries, all Christians? ❚❚ Wherein lies the divine power that makes the difference Christ Himself blesses us with the proper explanation of the between the one who rejects God’s Word and the one who parable. Read Matt. 13:18–23. receives it in faith? Read Rom. 1:16–17; 10:17; and 1 Peter 1:23–25.

Exploring the Hymn Background John Cawood (1775–1852) wrote this hymn in about 1815. “Almighty God, Your Word Is Cast” was first published in Born in England, Cawood hailed from a family of humble 1819, with a direction to sing it “After a Sermon.” circumstances. His parents were farmers on a small scale, ❚❚ Why is that direction appropriate? and the formal education he received during childhood was limited. As opportunities for study and advancement be- Text came available, he earned degrees from Oxford University, The theme of stanza 1 is essentially repeated in stanza 4, Oxford, England, was ordained as a priest in the Church of providing the hymn’s frame, while stanzas 2 and 3, the England and served in that communion in various capaci- inner stanzas, are closely parallel. ties until his death. ❚❚ To whom is this prayer in hymn form addressed in the ❚ ❚ How might the life story of Cawood demonstrate God’s beginning of stanza 1? Why is the adjective “Almighty” calling of those who are “weak in the world,” who are appropriate? not of “noble birth”? Read 1 Cor. 1:26. How might this Scripture apply to you? ❚❚ The Bible defines the term “Word of God” in a number of ways: Jesus Christ (John 1:1, 14); the Scriptures (2 Tim. ❚❚ Why does God work in this way? Read 1 Cor. 1:27–31.

Proper 10A | Three-Year Lectionary 25 3:16; 2 Peter 1:20–21); Christian preaching and teaching and 2 Peter 3:18. What light do these passages shed on (1 Thess. 2:13). Which of these is meant in stanza 1? this process? ❚❚ What is the “dew of heav’n” in stanza 1? Why is the descent of this dew on the implanted Word necessary for Stanza 4 concludes the hymn on a confident note. the fruits of faith and holy living to abound? ❚❚ When the “precious seed” of God’s Word is sown, what accompanying gift is requested toward what Stanzas 2 and 3 continue to beseech the Lord, seeking His glorious end? protection against the enemies of the Word and calling upon Him to counter and overcome their attacks. Against this background, discuss the following declaration ❚❚ Who is the “sly satanic foe” (st. 2) who seeks to remove the from the Augsburg Confession: Word from one’s heart? Read Luke 8:12. How does he use “Through the Word and Sacraments, as through instru- careless and indifferent hearing to work this evil? ments, the Holy Spirit is given [John 20:22]. He works ❚❚ What are some of the “world’s deceitful cares” (st. 3) that faith, when and where it pleases God [John 3:8], in those threaten the “rising plant” of faith? Read Matt. 6:25 and who hear the good news that God justifies those who 1 Tim. 6:9–10. believe that they are received into grace for Christ’s sake. This happens not through our own merits, but for Christ’s ❚❚ In these middle stanzas, we call upon almighty God sake” (AC V 2–3, p. 33) to give root to His Word in our hearts and let it yield ❚ the fruits of love, peace and joy a hundredfold. Read ❚ Does this mean that God wants some people not to 1 Cor. 2:10–14; Matt. 6:33; 1 Tim. 6:17; 1 Peter 2:2–3; believe? When saving faith is created and preserved in the heart, who is to receive the credit and glory?

Making the Connection Like seed, God’s Word has power within it. It is His Word. ❚❚ When this seed is cast into our hearts, how are we, by Through the Law it prepares our hearts to be receptive. God’s grace, to respond? Read Matt. 3:1–2; Acts 16:31; Through the Gospel it sprouts and grows faith in Christ, by and Eph. 5:1–2. which we are saved and strengthened to live unto Him. ❚❚ What ought to be our attitude when we have the opportunity to hear God’s Word? Read Ps. 122:1 and Acts 17:11.

In Closing At the end of discussing the Third Commandment in the ❚❚ How do these words summarize the hymn and its Large Catechism, Dr. Luther writes: wonderful theology of the planting of God’s Word? “[Y]ou are daily in the devil’s kingdom [Colossians 1:13– ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 577. 14]. He ceases neither day nor night to sneak up on you and to kindle in your heart unbelief and wicked thoughts. Prayer … [T]he Word is so effective that whenever it is seriously Blessed Lord, since You have caused all Holy Scriptures contemplated, heard, and used, it is bound never to be to be written for our learning, grant that we may so hear without fruit [Isaiah 55:11; Mark 4:20]. It always awak- them, read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them that we ens new understanding, pleasure, and devoutness and may embrace and ever hold fast the blessed hope of ever- produces a pure heart and pure thoughts [Philippians lasting life; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who 4:8]. For these words are not lazy or dead, but are cre- lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now ative, living words [Hebrews 4:12]” (LC I 100–1, p. 370). and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 10A).

Proper 10A | Three-Year Lectionary 26 In Holy Conversation Lutheran Service Book 772 | study by Paul Gregory Alms

Introduction I sometimes ask students in my confirmation class: Is it The hymn “In Holy Conversation” teaches us to trust in easier to ask your parents for some money for a movie when our giving, loving heavenly Father and to come to Him con- they look happy or mad? Are you more likely to talk to fidently with all our prayers, supplications and needs. someone who likes you or someone who is angry with you? ❚❚ What are some “pictures of God” we might have that lead Turn to page 323 of Lutheran Service Book (LSB) and us not to pray or pray wrongly? read what Martin Luther writes in the Small Catechism about the Introduction to the Lord’s Prayer. ❚❚ What picture of God does Luther’s explanation (cited Prayer comes from faith, faith in the true God. True faith above) paint for us? gives us a picture of God and then affects how we pray.

Exploring the Scriptures Prayer is a central part of the Christian faith and a central take action. Finally, we will pray yet again in thanksgiving, part of our Christian life. Yet for many Christians it can glorifying God for His answers. seem to be a burden or a difficulty to pray regularly. But ❚❚ Read Phil. 4:6. Here prayer is presented as the opposite of the Scriptures point us to prayer as a grateful and joyous anxiety. Why do you think Paul says that prayer conquers response to God’s goodness. anxiety? Have you ever experienced this yourself? ❚ ❚ Read Ps. 50:15. What command is given by God to ❚❚ Read Matt. 7:7–8. Here Jesus Himself gives a command us there? and a promise concerning prayer. What is the command? ❚❚ What promise is also made to us? What is the promise? Why does our Savior include ❚❚ What final response from us is expected? command and promise? Would it have been enough just to command or just to promise? We see in Ps. 50:15 several aspects of the biblical portrait ❚❚ Read 1 John 5:14. Sometimes people try to say that if you of prayer. God commands it. Yet the command is to call out ask God in the right way you will get anything you ask to God in trouble. This is not a burdensome command but for. How does this verse correct that idea? a gracious invitation. Also, the Lord promises to hear and

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What other ways can we focus on and appreciate This hymn text is a modern one written by LCMS hymn prayer more? writer and pastor Gregory Wismar (b. 1946). Wismar is a talented hymn writer and translator, with two original Text hymn texts published in Lutheran Service Book, as well as “We speak to God.” This is the simple definition of prayer stanza translations in five other hymns. given in the first stanza of the hymn. The holy conversation Wismar wrote that the background of this hymn is his of prayer is simple talking to God. In simple phrases this sense of the blessing that prayer brings. While much com- first stanza outlines how that speaking to God comes about. munication these days can be hurried texting or impersonal First God speaks to us. He invites. He invites us to prayer emails, Wismar writes, in an online devotion for Concordia not simply by telling us to pray but by saving us in Christ, University Chicago, that prayer “is a most special conver- forgiving our sins, opening heaven to us sinners. All God’s sation, a holy and sanctified speaking with God.”1 This mighty works of redemption are an invitation to us to trust hymn focuses our attention on prayer. Do you think we Him, bring Him our needs and praise Him. talk and pay attention to prayer enough in our church and ❚❚ Try to imagine praying to God without knowledge of Christian life? Christ’s saving work. What kind of prayers might we

1 “Proper 11A,” Center for Church Music, last modified July 20, 2017, accessed June 27, 2018,cuchicago.edu/globalassets/documents/center-for-church-music/devo - tions/hymn-of-the-day-devotion---proper-11_2.pdf

Proper 11A | Three-Year Lectionary 27 pray? Would we pray? What attitude might we have The second stanza continues this theme of praying with towards God? Can you see how prayer really is rooted in quiet confidence and childlike trust. We can bring supplica- Christ and His love for us? tions because our Father listens with care to every thought expressed. Not only that, He answers in ways He knows This stanza goes on to describe our actual prayers in are best. straightforward but meaningful ways. We speak, we share ❚❚ What are some prayers God has answered for you? our thoughts, we come as children bringing needs. Our prayers need not be eloquent or learned. The Holy Spirit ❚❚ What are some He answered in ways you did not intercedes, and so we can speak as children to their Father understand or wish for? with confidence and without fear. The basis for our confidence in prayer is brought forward ❚ ❚ The Lord’s Prayer invites us to pray to God as our Father. in the last stanza, where we sing that we are heard through How does this affect our prayers? Jesus and from that, our joy and assurance spring. Jesus ❚❚ How does our being children before God (never grown- has cleared the way for us to pray by dying for our sin ups!) affect our prayers? and rising and opening heaven for us. Because of this we can know and be sure that our Father hears every prayer we pray.

Making the Connection Prayer is sometimes the most talked about topic in work of redemption for us and our Baptism into Him have Christian life and the least practiced. There are many made us into children of God. Our Father in heaven loves reasons for this, but one may be that Christians feel un- us dearly, and the cross of Christ is the eternal proof of that worthy or inadequate when they pray. This hymn brings love. When we hear the Gospel, when our sins are forgiven, the scriptural content concerning prayer to our lips so that prayer becomes what this hymn presents it as: the joyful we can hear that prayer is the speaking of children to a speaking of children to a father who loves them. loving Father. ❚❚ Reflect on your own prayers and habits. What keeps you We are those children and God is our loving Father. from praying? What parts of this hymn might address We are heard by Him through Jesus. Jesus has come and those things affecting your prayers? made prayer possible and full of joy and comfort. Christ’s

In Closing Christ’s work on the cross gives us the true picture of our Prayer Father in heaven. He loves us and pardons us out of His Almighty God, You have promised to hear the petitions of own grace and mercy. That is the invitation to pray that those who ask in Your Son’s name. Mercifully incline Your God addresses to us. We pray to God who is overflowing ears to us who have now made our prayers and supplica- in love and goodness to us. Let us pray then, “securely, / tions to You, and grant that those things that we have faith- Expressing hopes and fears / With confidence that surely / fully asked according to Your will we may receive to meet Our Father ever hears” (st. 3). our need and bring glory to You; through Jesus Christ, our ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 772. Lord. Amen (Answer to prayer, LSB, p. 313).

Proper 11A | Three-Year Lectionary 28 Now All the Vault of Heaven Resounds Lutheran Service Book 465 | study by Paul Gregory Alms

Introduction The basketball stadium is hushed and quiet. The home It is a poor analogy, a very weak picture, but today’s hymn team had been down by twenty points at halftime against wants us to see Easter, our Lord’s magnificent resurrection a vastly superior opponent. But now with one second left from the dead, as something like the story above. “Christ the game is tied. A home team favorite player is at the foul has triumphed! He is living!” Heaven is filled with joy and line with one foul shot left. If he makes it, there will be that joy filters down to us, the Church on earth, as we join victory and rejoicing. If he misses, there will be dejection in the singing and praise of Christ’s triumph over death and sadness. He shoots and he makes it! The team goes and sin. crazy, jumping up and down and so do the stands. All the ❚❚ How is the story above like Easter Sunday? How is it fans start yelling and cheering and stomping so that the unlike Easter Sunday? whole stadium vibrates and rocks with the happiness of a great victory. ❚❚ How does Christ’s victory at Easter affect us?

Exploring the Scriptures One of the most important and beautiful parts of the Book The Scriptures testify that Christians are members of the of Revelation is its picture of heavenly worship. Read Rev. Body of Christ. We are baptized into Christ’s death and res- 5:11–13. urrection. We have been raised in our Baptism with Christ ❚❚ Who is being praised in these verses? in His resurrection. This shapes our lives as Christians. Read Col. 3:1–4. ❚❚ What kind of lamb is pictured in verse 12? Who is that ❚ lamb? When was He slain? ❚ What does verse 1 say has happened to us as Christians? ❚ ❚❚ Who are the creatures in these verses who are giving ❚ What are “the things that are above” that we are to seek praise to the Lamb and the one on the throne? and set our minds on? ❚ ❚❚ Does that include us? When do we join in? ❚ How have we died in Christ? ❚❚ What promise does verse 4 make about our future? The resurrection of Jesus from the dead is not simply a resuscitation. It does not simply mean He is alive again. It is Read 1 Cor. 15:51–57, especially verse 57. an event that brings great blessings to us. Read Rom. 8:11. ❚❚ Verse 57 tells us that God gives us the victory through our ❚❚ What Spirit dwells in us? Lord Jesus Christ. Victory over what? ❚❚ What did that Spirit do to Jesus? ❚❚ When has Christ won that victory? ❚❚ What promise does this verse give to us? ❚❚ What fact about our future fate does Paul assure us comes from the victory of Christ?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ One of the great strengths of the Lutheran church has Rev. Paul Strodach (1876–1947) was a Lutheran pastor who always been congregational hymn singing. What are was instrumental in putting together a Lutheran hymnal some of your favorite hymns in LSB? from the 1950s, Service Book and Hymnal. Part of his work ❚❚ The church has never stopped writing hymns. Every age on this hymnal included writing the text for this Easter produces its own great hymnic testaments to the faith. hymn and joining it to the very familiar tune “Lasst uns Do your favorite hymns tend to be older hymns from the erfreuen.” Though he died before the hymnal was pub- early centuries of the church or newer ones like this one? lished, this Easter hymn has gained great acceptance in the Lutheran church and beyond.

St. Mary Magdalene, July 22 | Three-Year Lectionary 29 Text A major theme of this hymn is the idea that heaven rejoices The center of this hymn is the stirring phrase repeated at the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. The selections throughout the stanzas: “Christ has triumphed! He is liv- we looked at above from the Book of Revelation are good ing!” This simple double exclamation ushers the singer into examples of this joy. Stanza 2 goes on to invite us to join in the heart of Easter joy. The Scriptures proclaim Christ’s that heavenly praise. death and resurrection as a victory over sin, death and the ❚❚ What reasons does stanza 2 give us to praise Christ and devil. Christ had to die to pay for sin, but He also rose to His victory over death? defeat sin and death for us. Easter is the great conquest of Christ over our enemies. Easter is not only a victory and a reason for praising God, Read Ex. 15:1. it is a present reality in the life of the believer. Christ lives ❚❚ What victory is being celebrated in that verse? and is with and in the Church and the individual Christian. ❚❚ How does that victory compare with Christ’s triumph? Stanza 3 turns our focus to our daily lives and how Easter How are they the same and different? transforms them. ❚❚ What petitions does the hymn address to our Lord? ❚❚ How do we also “conquer” as Christ has conquered?

Making the Connection The connection between earthly worship and heavenly Sometimes we can miss the full message of the resurrection worship is a profound and important thought. This hymn when we think of Easter as only “Jesus died and rose and invites us to repeat the songs of angels here on earth. We went to heaven.” This hymn reminds us that Christ is living do this literally in some parts of the liturgy (the Gloria, the and present among us: “Now still He comes to give us life / Sanctus) and in general throughout our worship when we And by His presence stills all strife.” praise Christ and His grace. ❚❚ How does Christ come to us now and give us gifts? ❚ ❚ What comfort does it bring you to know that heaven and ❚❚ What difference does it make when we face death to earth are joined in the same worship? know Christ is not only living but present with us every ❚❚ What moments of worship make you feel “closest moment? to heaven”?

In Closing The resurrection of Jesus is so much more than a winning Prayer three-point shot. It is the victory of God made flesh over ev- Almighty God the Father, through Your only-begotten Son, ery sin, death and the devil. Christ lives and is with us every Jesus Christ, You have overcome death and opened the gate day. We sing with heaven in praise of Him in our worship. of everlasting life to us. Grant that we, who celebrate with We truly have reason to sing with all creation: “Christ has joy the day of our Lord’s resurrection, may be raised from triumphed! He is living!” the death of sin by Your life-giving Spirit; through Jesus ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 465. Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Easter Day).

St. Mary Magdalene, July 22 | Three-Year Lectionary 30 From God Can Nothing Move Me Lutheran Service Book 713 | study by John G. Fleischmann

Introduction Worries. Cares. Fears. Life is full of them! Sometimes they trust the Lord and His promises especially when our wor- distract us. Sometimes they may even paralyze us. Ever ries and uncertain future take our eyes off the cross. since sin came into the world they have been a part of every ❚❚ Name some of your fears. What keeps you awake human life. at night? Our Lord Jesus made it very clear that we should not worry about anything (Matt. 6:31–34). ❚❚ How do these things distract you from trusting God’s In this wonderful hymn from the pen of Ludwig promises in Christ Jesus? Helmbold (1532–1598), a lecturer at the University of ❚❚ Have the things about which you worry ever come Erfurt, in Erfurt, Germany, we are shown what it means to to pass?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Psalm 73 the basis for this hymn. ❚❚ What restoration does God promise? ❚❚ In this psalm, what does the Lord tell us will happen to ❚❚ How have you wandered and disobeyed God? all evil? ❚❚ How has the Lord restored you? ❚ ❚ What promise of hope is given? ❚❚ How do we walk in His ways?

This hymn is also based on the well-known and often-cited Read the Gospel for Proper 25B, Mark 10:46–52. The ac- passage from Rom. 8:38–39. Read this section of Scripture. count speaks of Bartimaeus, a “blind beggar.” ❚ ❚ What are the things Paul mentions that cannot separate ❚❚ What may have been some of Bartimaeus’ worries? us from the love of God in Christ Jesus? ❚❚ Who made his worries vanish? ❚❚ Are any of your worries left off of this list? ❚❚ Martin Luther once said, “We are all beggars. We are God’s chosen, Israel, often wandered from the Lord. saved by one who became a beggar.” Who is it that makes Because they did not obey God, God dealt severely with our worries vanish? How? them. Yet, even in their exile, God gave them tremendous hope. Read the Old Testament lesson for Proper 25B, Jer. 31:7–9.

Exploring the Hymn Background Text This hymn was written during the plague that struck The stanzas of this hymn unfold the wonderful assurance Erfurt in 1563. Ludwig Helmbold wrote this hymn for the of God’s abiding presence in our lives at all times. Stanza 1 rector of the university and his wife, Pancratius and Regina begins with the surety that God will never leave us. It then Helbich. They fled the city to escape the deadly spreading speaks of what God does in our lives. disease. It was intended by Helmbold to give them strength ❚❚ What does it mean that He “gently will reprove me”? See on their journey. Heb. 12:6, 10. ❚ ❚ Name times when your future was uncertain. ❚❚ “He stretches out His hand” is a powerful biblical image. ❚❚ Have you ever had to leave your friends and start a new What are some biblical examples of this? What does God life elsewhere? do each time this happens? ❚❚ How did God’s Word help you at those times? Stanza 2 speaks about losing those in life who were regarded as “trustworthy and sure.” This can mean those whom

Proper 12A, Proper 25B and Proper 27C | Three-Year Lectionary 31 we love that are left behind when life takes a different ❚❚ What is meant by “The bread of earth and heaven”? course. It can also refer to those who betray us. ❚❚ In either case, what is true about God? Stanza 5 speaks about our worship of God — our response to His grace, love and mercy. ❚❚ What are the “chains that bind me”? ❚❚ What is meant by the word “vocation”? ❚❚ How does one receive “peace … within”? ❚❚ How is our worship eternal? Stanza 3 speaks of the providence of God. We don’t plan our lives — He does. Stanza 6 speaks of suffering and assures us that our deliverance is in Jesus. ❚❚ Why is understanding this truth so important? ❚❚ What is meant by “That day of bliss divine”? ❚❚ How does God change “All sorrow into joy”? ❚❚ How do we look forward to that day? ❚❚ How does God’s love “still” us? Stanza 7 is a doxological stanza, that is, it gives glory to the Stanza 4 assures us that God’s will is done each day in Holy Trinity. It also sums up the hymn. our lives. ❚❚ What did the Father will? ❚❚ Read the Third Petition of the Lord’s Prayer and its ❚ meaning in the Small Catechism (LSB, p. 324). What is ❚ How did His Son fulfill this will? God’s will? ❚❚ What does the Spirit give? ❚❚ What is the most important gift the Father gives us ❚❚ What is our hope? according to stanza 4?

Making the Connection We don’t know what happened to Dr. Helbich and his wife ❚❚ “The Lord my life arranges; / Who can His work after they fled Erfurt. Their departure was a painful experi- destroy?” (st. 3). How, with the power of the Holy Spirit, ence for them and those whom they left behind. can we reframe our thinking so that we understand this Likewise, we don’t know what life has in store for us this truth, causing worry to cease? side of heaven. Without Christ the journey of life is danger- ❚❚ “The bread of earth and heaven / Are by His kindness ous and uncertain. given” (st. 4). Why is the Eucharist so vitally important in But we have been baptized into Christ! God’s promises our lives? stand. Nothing can separate us from His love. As the biblical truths captured in this hymn brought the ❚❚ “Praise God with acclamation / And in His gifts rejoice” rector and his wife hope and encouragement, they speak (st. 5). What are the gifts of God that cause you to rejoice? the same to us.

In Closing So, what about those worries you shared at the beginning of Prayer this study? What assurance has God given you in the words O God, the helper of all who call on You, have mercy on us of this hymn? and give us eyes of faith to see Your Son that we may follow Worry and fear are sins. Jesus slew them on the cross. Him on the way that leads to eternal life; through the same As we sing this hymn laden with the declarations of God’s Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with grace and presence, we are moved to trust Him above all You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen things, even our worries and fears. (Collect for Proper 25B). It is through this life of uncertainty that “He leads us home to heaven. / O praise the Three in One” (st. 7). Sing or read aloud together LSB 713. Let the words speak to you.

Proper 12A, Proper 25B and Proper 27C | Three-Year Lectionary 32 Christ, the Life of All the Living Lutheran Service Book 420 | study by Allen D. Lunneberg

Introduction It may seem odd that a Lenten hymn should be the hymn ❚❚ Read Acts 12:1–5. How was James martyred? of the day near the end of July. But today we commemorate ❚❚ What words of Jesus describe James’ eventual suffering St. James the Elder, the brother of the Apostle John, a son and martyrdom (Mark 10:38–39)? of Zebedee. When we recall Jesus’ prediction of James’ destiny, however, it becomes clear why we should meditate ❚❚ What is the hope stated in the very first line of the hymn on a hymn describing our Lord’s passion and its greater in the face of any and all suffering and death? meaning.

Exploring the Scriptures James and John’s request reveals how self-centered we can ❚❚ In stanza 1 of the hymn, which phrases describe our be, even the best among us (Mark 10:38–39). It surpris- Lord’s vicarious atonement, that His death was for es us to read this about those closest to Jesus. It did not, my life? however, surprise Jesus. He didn’t reprimand them but ❚❚ How does that compare with Is. 53:5? With 1 Peter 2:24? gently brought the conversation around to the beautiful description of His way of love and servanthood. “For even ❚❚ What details of Matt. 27:28–31 describe the “pain and the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to scorn” that were heaped upon Jesus? give his life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:45). It is that ❚❚ What detail of Christ’s suffering do we learn from Matt. service, life and ransom that is so thoroughly described in 26:56 and Mark 14:50? In what words is this reflected in our hymn. stanza 3 of our hymn? ❚❚ In one word, what is the goal of Jesus’ innocent atoning death according to the following passages? 1 Corinthians 15:57 is the basis for our hymn’s refrain. What ¬¬ John 1:4 ¬¬ John 10:27 words describe St. Paul’s response to the fact that Christ’s ¬¬ John 6:33 ¬¬ John 14:6 resurrection has defeated sin and death, and fulfilled the Law for us?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What are some of the troubles of “secular life” in our day Written in 1659 by Ernest Christoph Homburg (1605–81), and age? this text does more than merely report certain details of ❚❚ How does the death of Christ relate to our troubles? our Lord’s crucifixion; it probes the deep and personal faith the author experienced being converted from a troubled ❚❚ In what ways does our pride lead us away from faith in secular life. Christ? An omitted stanza of the original hymn speaks pointedly ❚❚ How does dying become “painless” by faith in Christ? to the proud request of James and his brother (Mark 10:37). Sing or speak this entire stanza: Text The first four stanzas describe the physical and verbal abuse That Thou wast so meek and stainless of Jesus by His accusers and the soldiers. Doth atone for my proud mood; Stanza 3 mentions Christ enduring “the curse of God.” And Thy death makes dying painless, Paul wrote, “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law All Thy ills have wrought our good; by becoming a curse for us—for it is written, ‘Cursed is Yea, the shame Thou didst endure everyone who is hanged on a tree’” (Gal. 3:13). Is my honour and my cure: Stanza 5 addresses a person’s personal involvement and Thousand, thousand thanks shall be, the great exchange that because of Christ’s suffering I am Blessèd Jesus, brought to Thee.2 freed “from pain,” the false accusations of Christ mean

2 David Thomas, ed.,The Augustine Hymn Book (London: Pitman, 1923), 402:4, 127, accessed February 23, 2018, books.google.com.

St. James the Elder, July 25 | Three-Year Lectionary 33 my security, Christ’s lack of comfort means comfort for We are so used to giving thanks mainly for blessings re- my soul. ceived, for the good and pleasant gifts of God and things in ❚❚ Read Ps. 27:12. What words in stanza 5 refer to this? life. Stanza 7, however, concludes our hymn with thanksgiving “for all that wrought my pardon.” List the seven things ❚❚ We still experience pain, worry and discomfort. What for which we give thanks in this stanza. does stanza 5 have in mind to make its amazing claims ❚ that we are freed from this? ❚ What is “that last triumphant cry” (John 19:30)? Why is it called “triumphant”? ❚❚ Stanza 6 treats of Jesus’ crucifixion as “atonement.” What is “my doom” that His sacrifice prevents?

Making the Connection Remembering that this hymn was chosen as the chief The extent of your service and the troubles or sufferings hymn for the feast of St. James the Elder, in contrast to our endured in serving people who, many times, do not appre- common, sinful selfishness or ego the main theme is in the ciate our service must always be with the love and the mind words of Jesus, “whoever would be great among you must of Christ. be your servant, and whoever would be first among you ❚❚ How does the service and passion of Jesus inspire or must be slave of all. For even the Son of Man came not to motivate our service to others? be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many” (Mark 10:43–45). ❚❚ How does the suffering and death of Jesus encourage us in our sufferings and troubles?

In Closing The date of the commemoration of St. James the Elder is Prayer July 25. The hymn chosen for this commemoration is a O gracious God, Your servant and apostle James was the wonderful Lenten hymn. Though it may seem odd to sing first among the Twelve to suffer martyrdom for the name of a hymn from the season of Lent in the middle of summer, Jesus Christ. Pour out upon the leaders of Your Church that we know that every day of the Christian life is character- spirit of self- denying service that they may forsake all false ized by repentance and faith because the struggle against and passing allurements and follow Christ alone, who lives sin, though it has been decisively defeated by Christ on the and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and cross, is still a daily battle of living in the forgiveness of our forever. Amen (Collect for St. James the Elder, Apostle). sins. In the same way, in Holy Communion, even though every Sunday is a celebration of Easter, as St. Paul said, “as O God, You resist the proud and give grace to the hum- often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim ble. Grant us true humility after the likeness of Your only the Lord’s death until he comes” (1 Cor. 11:26). For it is the Son that we may never be arrogant and prideful and thus Lord’s death that is our ransom, our true pride and the provoke Your wrath but in all lowliness be made partakers cause of our “thousand, thousand thanks” to God. of the gifts of Your grace; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. ❚❚ Sing or read together LSB 420. Amen (For humility, LSB, p. 312).

St. James the Elder, July 25 | Three-Year Lectionary 34 O Living Bread from Heaven Lutheran Service Book 642 | study by Jon D. Vieker

Introduction To introduce his sermon one Thanksgiving Day, a pastor from? Everyone knew the answer: from the Lord of heaven held in his hands a loaf of bread and asked the question, and earth. “Where did this loaf of bread come from?” Eventually Today’s hymn is addressed to Jesus Christ, the “Living someone answered, “The grocery store.” “Yes,” he replied. Bread from heaven,” who comes in His Holy Supper to feed “And where did the grocery store get it from?” “From the and comfort us with His body and blood. company that baked the bread,” someone else replied. And ❚❚ What do you think it means that Jesus is described as so the conversation went, from the baker, to the miller, to “Living Bread” in relation to the Lord’s Supper? Why is the farmer, to the seed, to the soil, to the weather. Finally the word “living” important? the pastor asked, “And where did the rain and the soil come ❚❚ What kinds of blessings do we receive from this “Living Bread”?

Exploring the Scriptures The readings for today provide a wonderful context in ❚❚ In verse 19, Jesus “looked up to heaven and said a which to view the hymn. Read Is. 55:1–3. blessing. Then he broke the loaves and gave them to the ❚❚ In verse 1, what type of food is being served? How much disciples.” What does this remind you of in the liturgy? does it cost? Why? ❚ ❚❚ In verses 2b–3, which of the five senses (surprisingly!) is ❚ According to verse 20, what was the result of their eating connected with this eating? What does Rom. 10:17 reveal this meal? about the use of this sense? Following John’s account of this miracle (John 6:1– 15), the In today’s Holy Gospel (Matt. 14:13–21), Jesus multiples the story continues throughout the remainder of chapter 6. five loaves to feed the crowd. The feeding of the five thou- Read John 6:32–35. sand is the only miracle of Jesus that appears in all four ❚❚ Who is this “bread of God … who comes down from Gospel accounts. heaven” (v. 33)? What will this bread do for the world? ❚❚ What does Jesus promise in verse 35?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Imagine if some sort of disaster (tornado, earthquake, Johann Rist (1607–1667) was a famous poet and Lutheran fire, etc.) were to destroy your church buildings and the pastor who wrote the words to “O Living Bread from homes surrounding them. Discuss what some of the Heaven” and nearly 680 other hymns during his lifetime. challenges ahead might be for your congregation. How Like his contemporary, Paul Gerhardt, Rist lived through might these challenges affect morale? the horrors of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) as it raged across much of Europe. In Germany alone, the population Despite these hardships, Rist appears to have lived a con- was reduced by about 30 percent as a result of the destruc- tented life. He was one of the most prolific German hymn tion of twenty thousand villages and towns and the result- writers of his day, and made significant contributions to ing widespread famine and disease. the poetic style in which hymn texts were written then. The little village of Wedel, near Hamburg, Germany Yet few of his hymns have made it into English. Catherine where Rist served as pastor his entire ministry, was no ex- Winkworth (1827–1878) first translated this hymn into ception. It was sacked in 1643, and the musical instruments English in 1858. and organ in the parish church were destroyed along with ❚❚ Considering the tragedies of the Thirty Years’ War, how much of the rest of the town. does Rist’s “living Bread from heaven” give the singer hope, encouragement and contentment?

Proper 13A | Three-Year Lectionary 35 ❚❚ Where are such things found, according to the hymn? Stanza 2 describes the Lord’s leading of His hungry people Why there? to the Lord’s table (“this most holy place.”) Read aloud to- ❚❚ Make a list of what you consider to be some of the gether these words: “Why do you spend your money for that qualities of Rist’s hymn that have enabled it to speak to which is not bread, and your labor for that which does not Christians for nearly four centuries. satisfy?” (Is. 55:2). ❚❚ List some ways that we spend our money and time! Text on things which do not satisfy. Which of the Ten This hymn text is written with language emphasizing the Commandments is this related to ultimately? perspective of the individual (“You gave me all I wanted” (st. ❚❚ Now compare Isaiah’s words with the second half of 3); “Lord, grant me then, thus strengthened” (st. 4)). Many stanza 2. What is the good news proclaimed in this hymns are written in this way, but many others are written stanza? from a corporate perspective (“O God, Our Help in Ages Past” (LSB 733); “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God” (LSB 656)). What does stanza 2 suggest really matters in life? Luther ❚❚ Do you consider the individual perspective of this hymn writes in the Large Catechism: to be a strength or a weakness? Why? “… Therefore, Christ asks me to eat and drink, so that ❚❚ If the pronouns in this hymn were changed to “we,” “our” this treasure [the Lord’s Supper] may be my own and may and “us,” would it make a difference? Why or why not? benefit me as a sure pledge and token. In fact, it is the very same treasure that is appointed for me against my This hymn has many additional biblical references and sins, death, and every disaster. allusions. Stanza 1 draws from Exodus, when the Lord fed On this account it is indeed called a food of souls, His people in the wilderness with manna from heaven. which nourishes and strengthens the new man” (LC V Read Ex. 16:2–7. 22–23, 434). ❚❚ In verses 2–3, what was the occasion for the Lord raining down bread from heaven on His people? ❚❚ In stanza 3, what is this “food of souls” described as ❚❚ In verse 6, what reason did the Lord give for His raining having the ability to do? How does the Lord’s Supper down bread from heaven on His people? What does this do this? say about the Lord? ❚❚ What are the eternal results, according to stanza 4?

Making the Connection This hymn draws us to consider the many blessings given us ❚❚ “Oh, cup that heals our woes!” (st. 1). What sort of in the Lord’s Supper. How might the following lines speak healing have you experienced as a result of receiving the to the blessings of the Lord’s Supper in your life today? Lord’s Supper? ❚❚ “The gifts that You have given / Have filled my heart ❚❚ “This food can death destroy” (st. 3). How will eating and with rest” (st. 1). What kind of “rest” or relief have you drinking the Lord’s Supper destroy death for you? experienced as a result of receiving the Lord’s Supper?

In Closing In the Lord’s Prayer we pray, “Give us this day our daily Prayer bread” (LSB, p. 323). The Son of God, the Living Bread, Heavenly Father, though we do not deserve Your goodness, came down from His Father in heaven to give His life for still You provide for all our needs of body and soul. Grant the life of the world, and in the Supper today, the living us Your Holy Spirit that we may acknowledge Your gifts, Christ gives us His body and blood to forgive us our sins give thanks for all Your benefits, and serve You in willing and to give us life and salvation. “For where there is forgive- obedience; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who ness of sins, there is also life and salvation” (LSB, p. 327). lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 13A). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 642.

Proper 13A | Three-Year Lectionary 36 Eternal Father, Strong to Save Lutheran Service Book 717 | study by Gregory Just Wismar

Introduction What hymns would you like to have sung at your funeral? ability of God to grant His protection to all travelers. The Some people very carefully choose what hymns they would words remind us of our dependence on the grace of God not like to incorporate into that service; other people do not only for the success of our earthly journeys, but also for the make any selection in that regard. “Eternal Father, Strong completion of our final journey from earth to heaven. to Save” has become associated with the funerals of some ❚❚ Have you given any thought to what hymns you might great figures in American history, including presidents like to have sung at your funeral? What factors have Franklin D. Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. Known as helped you to make your choices? the “Navy hymn” in the United States, the original text and tune are both creations of gifted Englishmen. The two ❚❚ For many people, this hymn brings to mind experiences “middle stanzas” in the version used in Lutheran Service they have had “on the waters” of some sort. Can you recall Book (LSB) were written at a later time by an American a time when your experience on a lake, river or the ocean clergyman. The hymn is an expression of confidence in the has reminded you of God’s creating powers?

Exploring the Scriptures Although the Old Testament people of God for the most ❚❚ What physical description of the storm by the Gospel part avoided large bodies of water, there were “storm sto- writer makes the experience of the disciples in the boat ries” that became part of their shared experience and part come alive for the reader? of their worship life. Read Ps.107:23–32. ❚❚ How is the divine nature of Jesus displayed in this ❚❚ What was the result for those who called out to the Lord? account? Where might we see His human nature in What was the psalmist’s suggested response for the these verses? deliverance received? The Gospels also share the account of Jesus meeting the The Bible begins with the event of creation that centers on disciples on the Sea of Galilee. Read Matt. 14:22–33. the primeval ocean. Read Gen. 1:1–2. ❚❚ Matthew describes Peter’s attempt to walk on the water. ❚❚ Where was the Spirit of God hovering at the time that How does Jesus show His lordship here? creation was begun? ❚❚ How does Matthew “put us in the boat” in his telling ❚❚ How are we reminded by the creation narrative of the of the events of that evening on the water of the Sea central role of water on our planet? of Galilee? One of the most stirring Gospel narratives is the account of Jesus stilling the storm on the Sea of Galilee. Read Matt. 8:23–27.

Exploring the Hymn Background “Eternal Father, Strong to Save” was originally written by Text William Whiting (1825–1878), an English schoolmaster, The creation account relating to the waters in Genesis 1 is for a student of his who was sailing across the Atlantic to expressed in a different way in the book of Job. America. In the middle of the nineteenth century, transoce- Read Gen. 1:6–10 and Job 38:8–11. anic travel was still considered to be very perilous. Whiting ❚❚ In what way does each of these accounts speak to the wanted his student to be encouraged by the poem that he power of God over the water? wrote as a farewell gift. ❚❚ How does the first stanza of the hymn reflect that it is ❚ ❚ How do the words of the original hymn (stanzas 2 and 3 God who sets the limits for everything in creation? of that poem are listed on the page following LSB 717) give a sense of encouragement to a traveler?

Proper 14A | Three-Year Lectionary 37 ❚❚ How does Whiting include all three persons of the Holy ❚❚ How does the choice of words increase the sense of awe Trinity in the four stanzas of the hymn? that is felt when God’s power in nature is displayed? ❚❚ What words chosen by Whiting show the strength of the seas through which ocean travelers sail?

Making the Connection The hymn “Eternal Father, Strong to Save” is centered on Lesson and Matt. 14:22–33 is the appointed Gospel. Read the theme of God’s providential care. Read Psalm 93. both lessons. ❚❚ How could remembering the words of the psalmist help ❚❚ What does the hymn writer express in stanza 4 as the us when we become apprehensive about taking a journey? best response to the God whose power is seen in the ❚❚ How might the thoughts of the hymn be shared with deliverance of His people? others who have travel fears? ❚❚ What might be fitting expressions of “glad praise from air and land and sea”? LSB 717 has been chosen as the Hymn of the Day for Proper 14A, the Sunday when Job 38:4–18 is the Old Testament

In Closing “Eternal Father, Strong to Save” is a hymn of trust that is Prayer appropriate for times of personal travel and for times when Lord God our Father, You kept Abraham and Sarah in others are traveling as well. Its use as a hymn for funer- safety throughout the days of their pilgrimage, You led the als is understandable, in that our final traveling to God’s children of Israel through the midst of the sea, and by a eternal presence — that place where “the sea was no more” star You led the Wise Men to the infant Jesus. Protect and (Rev. 21:1) — is the greatest of journeys. guide us now in this time as we set out to travel. Make our ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 717, first in the way ways safe and our homecomings joyful, and bring us at last it was originally written, and then with the two to our heavenly home, where You dwell in glory with Your replacement stanzas. How do both versions impart Son and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen a sense of confidence for a Christian traveler — for (Before Travel, LSB, p. 287). whatever journey lies ahead?

Proper 14A | Three-Year Lectionary 38 In Christ There Is No East or West Lutheran Service Book 653 | study by Paul J. Cain

Introduction In school we learned about Western civilization and the ❚❚ Considering the title of the hymn, how are such compass search for spices from the Far East. American history terms irrelevant to Christianity? tells us of a great war between the states of the North and ❚❚ How have things like distance, language barriers and the South. racism hindered Christian evangelism? How do they still hinder it?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Gal. 3:23–29. ❚❚ Who are the foreigners? What is required of them? How ❚❚ How are all people the same, in need of God’s grace in is this an Old Testament picture of the New Testament Christ? Does this spiritual similarity do away with all Church? other distinctions between male and female? Why not? Read Psalm 67, intended to help us reflect on the Old ❚❚ What was the guardian of verse 25? Testament Reading and prepare for the Epistle. ❚❚ How are we heirs of Abraham? ❚❚ How are “peoples” and “nations” synonyms? What does this tell you about the Lord’s plan of salvation? Read Col. 3:11–17. ❚❚ Compare the psalm to John 3:16. How does God show ❚❚ What is the unifying factor for all Christians of various that He loves the whole world? backgrounds? ❚❚ How are we kept together as a Church? Read today’s Epistle, Rom. 11:1–2a, 13–15, 28–32 or the whole of chapter 11 if there is time. ❚❚ What qualities are our Christian “garments” as we bear with one another? ❚❚ Are all who are genetically descended from Israel/Jacob part of Israel spiritually? Read John 10:16 and 17:11–21. ❚❚ According to this text and other Scripture, is there one ❚❚ Based on our understanding of the Old Testament, what covenant, or are there two covenants? Who is the one does Jesus mean by “other sheep”? Savior of all people, both Jew and Gentile? What is required, pedigree or faith in Christ? ❚❚ In chapter 17, how is the Christian unity of verse 21 meaningless apart from verse 17? Read Matt. 15:21–28, the appointed Holy Gospel for the day. ❚❚ How is Christian unity created and maintained? ❚❚ Was Jesus really ignoring this woman? Why does He appear to ignore her? How does He test her faith? The Old Testament Reading for Proper 15A is Is. 56:1, 6–8. ❚❚ How was she different from the disciples? Why is His ultimate care for her so encouraging for Gentile Christians? See Matt. 28:18–20.

Exploring the Hymn Background capitalization. The original second stanza read: “In Him First presented at a 1908 exhibition of the London shall true hearts everywhere / Their high communion Missionary Society, the hymn “In Christ There Is No East or find. / His service is the golden cord / Close-binding all West” was intended to encourage missions and evangelism. mankind.” First published in 1913, it was written by John Oxenham, the In LSB 653:4, “disciples of the faith” replaces “Brothers pen name of William Arthur Dunkerley (1852–1941). of the Faith” and “child” replaces “son,” as compared to the The 1908/1913 hymn had four stanzas. The original original version of stanza 3. Similarly, “Christly souls” of the first stanza appears in LSB with only minor changes in original stanza 4 is now “Christian souls.”

Proper 15A | Three-Year Lectionary 39 Inspired by the first line of the Dunkerley/Oxenham ❚❚ Why is having one Church “throughout the whole wide hymn, Michael Perry (1942–96) wrote a five-stanza hymn earth” important? around 1979 with the same name and the same Common Meter (CM) rhyme. It was first inHymns for Today’s While the Lord did bless Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and Church. That new hymn’s fourth stanza appears as LSB their descendants, a specific “tribe,” stanza 2 explains the 653:3. Stanza 2 in LSB was written for the Wisconsin purpose behind the ancient blessing and promises: “He Evangelical Lutheran Synod hymnal, Christian Worship, loves us as His children through / Our faith in His dear by Mark A. Jeske (b. 1952). Son.” Christ is the promised seed of Abraham through ❚❚ What are the benefits and challenges of three authors on whom all the children of earth are blessed by faith in Him. one hymn? ❚❚ How are people groups (tribes, language groups, ❚❚ Do text “updates” clarify, “water down” or both? Could ethnicities, clans, etc.) beneficial to spreading the Gospel? a modern editor use different words in our day to better How could they be detrimental? communicate the original author’s original intent? Praise naturally follows the reception of the gifts of God. In Text stanza 3, we join hands and sing praise to God for the death Read the promises of God concerning the removal of our of Christ which sets us free “From sin, division, hate, and transgressions in Ps. 103:12, the Abrahamic Covenant shame, / From spite and enmity!” language of Gen. 28:14 and the promises of the kingdom ❚❚ Compare and contrast praise and enmity. of God/kingdom of heaven found in Matt. 8:11, Luke 13:29 and Rev. 21:13. Stanza 4 is a call to unity for all disciples regardless of race ❚❚ Explain how these verses give a brief overview of or color. Not all who merely say, “Lord,” but those who do salvation history. the work of the Father are our true “kin.” Christians find unity in Christ: His Word, His mind, The Holy Spirit creates one great fellowship of love in His forgiveness. Nothing truly matters but faith in Jesus Christ, our Lord. The love of Christ reaches all “four Christ. Stanza 5 provides the best short summary of this corners” of the earth in the proclamation of the Good News. hymn’s message and comfort in the final two phrases, “All Our fellowship with one another is found only in Him. Christian souls are one in Him [Christ] / Throughout the Stanza 1 provides a bookend with Stanza 5, with a common whole wide earth.” final phrase for both stanzas. ❚❚ What reinforces fear and distrust of people who are ❚❚ What is the difference between visible churches/ different from us? Are such things positive or negative? congregations and the one holy Christian and apostolic Are they Christian qualities? Why not? Church? How is believing in the latter truly an act ❚❚ How can Christianity bridge apparent or real racial of faith? divides and bring healing and reconciliation?

Making the Connection We have brothers and sisters in Christ among the many ❚❚ Turn to page 1022 in the back of Lutheran Service languages, skin colors and peoples of the world. Book. How could these foreign language hymns in both ❚❚ How could your congregation welcome minorities or German and Spanish help? other new Americans to Sunday school, VBS, Bible studies or church services?

In Closing

❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 653.

Prayer Almighty and everlasting Father, You give Your children many blessings even though we are undeserving. In every trial and temptation grant us steadfast confidence in Your loving-kindness and mercy; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 15A).

Proper 15A | Three-Year Lectionary 40 When in the Hour of Deepest Need Lutheran Service Book 615 | study by Larry A. Peters

Introduction A wise pastor once advised a young man just beginning in Today’s hymn confronts the questions, fears and wounds the ministry: “Preach to pain and need, and you will never of this life directly. Its title directs us to where we can turn have a shortage of hearers.” Pain, need, want and fear are “when in the hour of deepest need.” the common companions of daily life. Where do we turn ❚❚ What are some of the greatest needs that you have faced for aid? In our moments of greatest need, faith finds its in life? greatest urgency. God has always invited us to “call upon [Him] in the day ❚❚ What does it say about the God who delights in standing of trouble” (Ps. 50:15) and promised to be our “very present with His people in their weakness and anguish? help in trouble” (Ps. 46:1). The hymns that remind us of ❚❚ Can we Christians expect to be freed from every ill (st. 5)? God’s presence with us in time of need and that His grace is When does this full deliverance come to us? Does God sufficient for that need are among the most treasured of all require anything of us before delivering us from our fears, the Church’s songs. troubles and needs?

Exploring the Scriptures This hymn was penned by Paul Eber (1511–69), but it Jesus healing or raising the dead. Read Matt. 15:21–28 and flowed from a Latin hymn written by his teacher, Joachim Luke 7:11–17. Camerarius (1500–74). Both hymns are based upon the ❚❚ How does illness or death challenge our faith? great prayer of King Jehoshaphat. Read this prayer in 2 Chron. 20:6–12. ❚❚ In both instances, the Lord showed “compassion” to those wounded by death and disease. Can we still be confident ❚ ❚ What does verse 6 tell us about God? What does it mean of His compassion in the same situations today? How do that He is the God whom “none is able to withstand”? we know this? How does that address us in our need? ❚❚ In verse 9, we hear the king say of God, “You will hear Read Psalm 30. and save.” Are these just brave words in the face of ❚❚ Verse 7 says, “You hid your face; I was dismayed.” Does it trouble, or is this faith speaking? seem that sometimes God does hide His face from us in ❚❚ At the end of verse 12, we read: “We do not know what to our need? Why or why not? do, but our eyes are on you.” Are these words a reflection ❚❚ In verse 5, we are told, “Weeping may tarry for the of your own faith? Why or why not? night, but joy comes with the morning.” How have you experienced this truth in your own life? This hymn is appointed for Proper 5A, Proper 15C and Lent 2. On each of these Sundays, the lessons describe

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ How might this hymn have been a personal response to Paul Eber was among the most gifted of the Wittenberg all the troubles and trials of life endured by its author? poets and hymn writers. He suffered childhood illness, was ❚❚ How might this hymn have contributed to the calm and handicapped after being thrown from a horse, buried all support of a people caught in fear at the military threat of but two of his 14 children, and endured blistering theologi- their emperor? cal attacks. Though we know little of the circumstances surrounding Text the composition of this hymn, one of its first known uses Read the stanzas of this hymn again. Compare them to the was in a service that was a call to prayer issued by Johannes prayer recorded in 2 Chron. 20:6–12. See how the hymn Bugenhagen on Ascension Day 1547, after Emperor Charles stanzas connect to the verses from Scripture. V demanded that the city of Wittenberg lay down its arms.

Proper 15A and Proper 5C | Three-Year Lectionary 41 ❚❚ What passages come to mind that share this same theme It is a common image to describe sin as a sickness or illness and perspective? Read Rom. 8:31–39. both in Scripture and in hymnody. ❚❚ How might we describe sin as an illness or sickness? Look at where the hymn writer locates the source of our comfort. ❚❚ How did we acquire it? Is it treatable or fatal? ❚ ❚ Is the throne referenced in stanza 2 the throne of the Take a look at the psalms to see how often the author begins cross or the throne of God in heaven? Or is it both? with a description of great need but then turns to thanksgiving to God for His merciful deliverance by the end of the Stanza 3 directs us to the promises of God and to Him psalm. See how this is mirrored in this hymn by the content whose name alone is great. We call Jesus the Word of God and tone of the sixth stanza. and the fulfiller of His promises. We also call Jesus the one name under heaven and on earth by which anyone will be ❚❚ Is the closing thought of thanksgiving because the author saved (Acts 4:12). has already witnessed God’s intervention and seen evidence of His deliverance? Or is it because he has such ❚ ❚ Is this reference to Jesus implicit or explicit? Does the confidence that the Lord will deliver him that he does not Christian always see God through the lens of Jesus need to see the outcome to know it will happen? Christ? Why or why not? ❚❚ Do you need to see the outcome of God’s action at work in What do we have to offer the Lord? With this question, the your life before you offer Him praise, or are you confident hymn frames our definition of “need.” enough of His mercy that you trust Him to make “all things work together for good” (Rom. 8:28)? ❚❚ What do we have to offer God besides our fears and woes? When we lay them down before the Lord, it is an exercise ❚❚ In the Small Catechism, Luther tells us that for all that of faith — not only that God will not be turned away by God has done, it is our duty to “thank and praise, serve them, but that He will answer them with mercy. and obey Him” (LSB, p. 322). How is obedience and praise a fitting response to God’s grace and mercy in our ❚ ❚ Is sin just one of our woes and fears, or is it the cause of lives? Are obedience and praise the prerequisites of God’s them all? intervention, or are they our response to His gracious presence and deliverance?

Making the Connection Our lives are very different from Jehoshaphat or Paul Eber, ❚❚ How is our Savior the advocate we can turn to in time of yet our lives are still touched by adversity and need. Even need? See 1 John 5:3–4. with all our choices, all our technology and all our advance- ❚❚ The hymn writer says, “Cast down, we stand.” How is this ments, we so often find ourselves not knowing “where to possible? See Rom. 5:1–5. look for aid” (st. 1). ❚❚ Is there a connection between our sufferings and the ❚ ❚ What are the biggest things that cause you fear, misery or sufferings of Christ? See 2 Cor. 5:5. anxiety today?

In Closing “Preach to pain and need, and you will never have a short- ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 615. age of hearers.” This is no less true today than it was 500 years ago when this hymn was written, or even earlier when Prayer Jehoshaphat prayed these words. The challenge to faith O God, You see that of ourselves we have no strength. By continues to be the questions of whether our sufferings Your mighty power defend us from all adversities that may matter to God and if He can and will deliver us. The lens happen to the body and from all evil thoughts that may as- through which we see our sufferings is always the cross sault and hurt the soul; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our — where Jesus suffered on our behalf. Just as God’s good Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, will and purpose were not confounded by His suffering one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for the Second but hidden there, so faith finds opportunity in our great- Sunday in Lent). est needs. In the hand of God, these become the fruitful moments when we grow in that grace which is sufficient for our every need.

Proper 15A and Proper 5C | Three-Year Lectionary 42 Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones Lutheran Service Book 670 | study by Robert A. Sorensen

Introduction Because of the unique role she played in the history of salva- of God — Lutherans are leery of getting carried away in her tion, the Church has long afforded a special place of honor praise. We take pains to avoid worshiping Mary (or any oth- to Mary, the mother of our Lord Jesus. In order to highlight er saint), lest we put a creature in the place of the Creator her importance in God’s unfolding plan of redemption, and give to another that which is reserved for God alone. At numerous church fathers have contrasted the Virgin Mary the same time, we Lutherans have retained the observance with Eve. Writing in about AD 180, Irenaeus of Lyons did of honoring Mary with a holiday. Accordingly, it is fitting so in these words, that we clarify our doctrine and attitudes about questions “And just as it was through a virgin who disobeyed that such as these: man was stricken and fell and died, so too it was through ❚❚ According to the Bible, what is a “saint”? In light of the Virgin, who obeyed the word of God, that man resus- what the Bible says about the saints, what should be our citated by life received life.”3 attitude towards the great heroes of the faith? ❚❚ Which attitudes towards the Virgin Mary seem extreme, While we recognize Mary’s unique role in the unfolding of going too far to one side or to the other? See if you can God’s plan of salvation — the fact that she embraced and cite specific examples. faithfully fulfilled her task of bearing and raising the Son

Exploring the Scriptures The Epistle lesson appointed for this holy day is Gal. 4:4–7. Now turn to the appointed Gospel lesson for today, Luke After reading this passage, carefully answer the following 1:39–55. After reviewing this passage, discuss the following questions. questions. ❚❚ How does this passage support the Small Catechism’s ❚❚ For what reasons does Elizabeth call Mary “blessed” (vv. explanation that Jesus Christ is both “true God, begotten 42–45)? Is Mary uniquely blessed by God or have all of the Father from eternity, and also true man, born of Christians been blessed just as she was? the virgin Mary” (LSB, p. 322)? ❚❚ What does Mary mean when she says, “from now on all ❚❚ How does John 1:1–4, 14–18 reinforce this understanding generations will call me blessed” (v. 48)? that Jesus is both fully divine and fully human? Where ❚❚ At numerous places Mary’s song of praise (vv. 46–55) does the Nicene Creed convey the same idea? emphasizes the idea that God gives grace to the humble ❚❚ Why has the Church insisted upon both of Christ’s and lowly but opposes the proud and mighty. How should natures, that is, Jesus’ full divinity and complete that theme shape our attitude towards Mary and the rest humanity? What is at stake? of the saints?

Exploring the Hymn Background Riley’s most obvious borrowing is the tune. This hymn is The hymn under review today was written by one of the ed- set to Lasst uns erfreuen, a melody that has been a favorite itors of the 1906 English Hymnal, namely, John Athelstan since its appearance in Germany in the early seventeenth Laurie Riley (1858–1945). Thus, this text may be under- century. In this regard, note that three other hymns in LSB stood as being of a more recent vintage. But there is more to (465, 493, 816) share this musical setting. the story. As will be shown, this hymn borrows much from More pertinent to this present discussion, however, are the traditions of both the Eastern and Western branches of the words and structure of this hymn’s text. In this regard, the church. Riley’s expertise in ancient Greek and Latin as well as his

3 Irenaeus of Lyons, “Proof of the Apostolic Preaching”, ed. Johannes Quasten and Joseph C. Plumpe, [Westminster, Maryland: The Newman Press, 1952], 69

St. Mary, Mother of Our Lord, August 15 | Three-Year Lectionary 43 role as translator of ancient hymns for the aforementioned ❚❚ Which names of the various angelic orders are familiar to Anglican hymnal are important. you? What terms are new to you? In simple terms, this hymn is structured as follows. The ❚❚ What does the Bible say about the different angels, first stanza is addressed to the various orders of angels, especially with regard to their divinely appointed tasks? urging them to praise the Lord. Here, Riley is indebted See Gen. 3:24; Ps.91:10–12; Is. 6:1–3; Matt. 18:10; and to the nine ranks of angels systematized by the Celestial Heb. 1:14. Hierarchy of the Greek father Dionysius the Pseudo- Areopagite (c. 500). In this hymn’s second stanza, Mary is singled out. She is The second stanza is a paraphrase of a Greek Orthodox addressed as the “bearer of the eternal Word.” hymn known as the Theotokion, the “Hymn to the Mother of God.” This chant is also part of the Greek ❚❚ To which Bible passage (previously read in this lesson) Orthodox tradition and dates from no later than the fifth does this hymn refer when it speaks of Mary as bearer of century. “the Word”? Stanza 3 shows a less direct borrowing. It calls upon the ❚❚ In this connection, see also Luke 1:31–33. souls in heaven — those of the faithful departed, prophets, patriarchs, martyrs and so forth — to join in the eternal Stanza 3 makes reference to others who are now part of the triumphant song. heavenly court. These are the souls of those who departed Finally, the last stanza wraps things up by inviting the in the faith, as well as the patriarchs, the prophets, the saints on earth, also known as the Church Militant, to join Twelve, the martyrs and the saints triumphant. in the heavenly praise. ❚❚ How many of these characters appear in the vision ❚❚ Are you familiar with the doctrine that our earthly described in Rev. 7:9–15? How about the scene depicted worship actually unites with the worship of the angels in Rev. 5:8–9? and saints in heaven? ❚❚ How about Luke 13:22–30? ❚❚ How can that understanding inform people’s appreciation of their Sunday worship? How might it shape one’s sense The concluding stanza turns its address to the earthly of reverence and awe? realm, calling us also to join in the heavenly chorus. ❚ Text ❚ Can you think of any parts of our liturgy or hymns that do this very thing, inviting us to sing the very words that As was mentioned above, this hymn’s first stanza addresses are being sung in heaven? the various angelic orders in heaven, exhorting them to give praise to God.

Making the Connection Though this hymn certainly sets into high relief the unique Having now considered the holiday established for St. role played by Mary, it does not offer her praise or ado- Mary, as well as that feast’s hymn of the day, answer these ration. Instead, it depicts her as one of many saints who questions. worship God before the throne in heaven. She is afforded ❚❚ Do we Lutherans make too big a deal of the different unmistakable prominence, but only because of what God saints’ days or not enough? has done for and through her. Hers was the singular honor of bearing the eternal Word made flesh, the God-man ❚❚ What kind of balance needs to be struck and maintained Jesus Christ. in the observance of St. Mary’s day, especially for evangelical Lutheran Christians?

In Closing When we praise another Christian rightly, we are in fact Prayer praising God — the Father who created him, the Son who Almighty God, You chose the virgin Mary to be the mother has freely given His redeeming grace to her and the Spirit of Your only Son. Grant that we, who are redeemed by His who dwells within. Understood this way, we can remember blood, may share with her in the glory of Your eternal king- and offer thanks for so many things that God has accom- dom; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives plished through His people. and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and ❚❚ Read together “Mary’s Hymn of Praise” (Luke 1:46–55). forever. Amen (Collect for St. Mary, Mother of Our Lord). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 670.

St. Mary, Mother of Our Lord, August 15 | Three-Year Lectionary 44 Built on the Rock Lutheran Service Book 645 | study by Robert A. Sorensen

Introduction For over a hundred years the logo of Prudential Insurance ❚❚ Read Ps. 18:2; 31:3; and 95:1. To whom does the Company of America has been a picture of a rock, the Rock rock refer? of Gibraltar. The company chose this logo because the rock ❚❚ Why do you think the psalmists use this image? image conveys the strength and security that the company offers to its customers. ❚❚ Read Matt. 7:24–27. On what does the wise man build his In the Bible, the word “rock” also conveys strength house? What does this foundation symbolize? and security.

Exploring the Scriptures Matthew 16:13–20 is the account of Peter’s confession. He ❚❚ Read Eph. 2:20. How is the apostles’ confession confessed Jesus to be “the Christ.” Rather than Jesus’ last foundational for the Holy Christian Church (and our name, “the Christ” is a title referring to Jesus as Messiah, congregation)? the Lord’s anointed servant. Note that Jesus asks all the ❚❚ Also in Eph. 2:20, who is the “cornerstone,” the object of apostles, “But who do you say that I am,” since “you” in such confession? Greek is plural (v. 15). Because Jesus asked the question of all the apostles, Peter responds with God-given words When we sing “Built on the Rock,” we sing that the Holy confessed on behalf of the disciples. Jesus is pleased with Christian Church is built upon Peter, all the apostles and this confession. He says, “And I tell you, you are Peter, and prophets. The Church, however, isn’t built upon them as on this rock I will build my church …” (v. 18). individuals. The Church is built upon them on account of In this response, “rock” refers to the strong confession of their strong and secure confession of Jesus Christ. Peter and the apostles.

Exploring the Hymn Background symbolize the challenges the Christian Church faces in Danish Lutheran pastor Nikolai Grundtvig (1783– 1872) our land? wrote this hymn text that first appeared in 1837. Besides ❚❚ What hope do the “bells” give us? serving as pastor, Grundtvig developed an interest in strengthening educational standards among citizens. This We recall God’s presence with His Old Testament people interest resulted in establishing a system of public schools when singing stanza 2. throughout Scandinavia. In this hymn text, Grundtvig’s interest in teaching shines, ❚❚ Read Ex. 25:8 and 1 Kings 8:27–30. In the Old as he teaches about the doctrine of the Holy Christian Testament, how did God dwell with His people in love? Church. Therefore, he puts this doctrine on our lips, so that ❚❚ Read John 1:14. In the fullness of time, how did God we not only learn it but also proclaim it to others. choose to dwell with His New Testament people? ❚ Text ❚ Through Word and Sacraments, who does God make His dwelling place today (1 Cor. 3:11–16)? Stanza 1 echoes Jesus’ words to Peter in Matt. 16:18. In the stanza, as in the text, “rock” refers to Peter’s (and the apos- Stanza 4 causes us to reflect upon important church fur- tles’) confession, a confession anchored on Jesus. We can nishings. Even church furniture teaches us the faith! define “rock” as their confession. But because their confession points to Jesus, ultimately the Rock is Jesus, our strong ❚❚ What do the baptismal font, altar and lectern/pulpit and secure Savior. confess? ❚❚ Think about Christianity in twenty-first century ❚❚ Why is it good to have a constant reminder of these America. How can falling steeples and crumbling spires furnishings’ purpose?

Proper 16A | Three-Year Lectionary 45 Making the Connection The Christian Church lives with the confidence that Jesus is ❚❚ Stanza 3 reminds us of our status in Christ. Based on the same yesterday, today, and forever (Heb. 13:8, alluded to Titus 3:4–7 and the middle of the stanza, what is our in st. 4). In this assurance the Church, built upon the rock status? of the apostles’ and prophets’ confession, continues to faith- ❚❚ How does this new status give us hope (see Rom. fully confess the person and work of Jesus. Acknowledging 8:31–38)? the crumbling spires and falling steeples, this hymn reminds us that although life for the Church and her mem- ❚❚ Also in stanza 3, Grundtvig echoes 1 Peter 2:5, calling us bers is challenging, we have God’s promise. “God’s house of living stones.” Consider this designation. How does living as God’s “living stones” adjust the way you live your life?

In Closing In the strong and secure Rock, Jesus, we continue to Prayer confess as Peter, the apostles and the prophets confessed. Almighty God, whom to know is everlasting We, as individual members, and together as the Christian life, grant us to know Your Son, Jesus, to be the way, the Church, take comfort that Jesus is truly present when “the truth, and the life that we may boldly confess Him to be church bells are ringing” (st. 5). Jesus is present to forgive the Christ and steadfastly walk in the way that leads to life and to give faith and salvation. eternal; through the same Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives ❚❚ Sing or pray together stanza 5 of LSB 645. Reflect on how and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and Jesus comes in the Divine Service, bringing His Gospel to forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 16A). sinners. No wonder we, with the psalmist, call our triune God “a rock,” for He is strong and secure to save!

Proper 16A | Three-Year Lectionary 46 God Has Spoken by His Prophets Lutheran Service Book 583 | study by Aaron A. Koch

Introduction You’ll sometimes hear people say that God spoke to them is praised as from the Spirit—without the Word and or told them what to do in a particular situation. Some Sacraments—is the devil himself” (SA III VIII 10, p. 281). preachers will say that God gave them a particular message to share. But we must be careful and “test the spirits” here God always comes to us and speaks to us through His as Scripture reminds us (1 John 4:1). The Smalcald Articles, external outward Word, given in the Holy Scriptures of the one of our Lutheran Confessions, say this: apostles and prophets. “Therefore, we must constantly maintain this point: ❚❚ How can we test if a message is from God, or if it’s from God does not want to deal with us in any other way than the devil or the sinful heart of man? through the spoken Word and the Sacraments. Whatever ❚❚ Where should we be looking for God to speak to us?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Heb. 1:1–2. “These last days” in Hebrews 1 refers to this present age of “Long ago” refers to the time of the Old Testament; and the New Testament in which we are living. God’s ultimate the “fathers” are our ancient fathers in the faith, such as and complete revelation of Himself has come to us in the Abraham, Moses and Elijah. person of His own Son. ❚❚ What are some of the “many ways” in which God spoke ❚❚ With what title is Jesus referred to in John 1:1–3, 14? How to our fathers? (See Gen. 15:1; Ex. 3:1–6; and 1 Kings is Jesus the embodiment of all of the Scriptures? 19:11–13.) ❚❚ With what actions in Christ’s life has God “spoken” of His ❚❚ How were all of these ways that the Lord came to the love toward us? fathers/prophets tangible and external? ❚❚ In what way is Jesus the “final Word” of God, beyond ❚❚ Were there also false prophets in the Old Testament? On which we shouldn’t be looking for any more special the basis of Jer. 23:16–17, 21–22, 25–26, discuss some of messages or revelation from Him? the characteristics of these false preachers.

Exploring the Hymn Background Text In preparation for the publication of the Revised Standard Note how the three stanzas of this hymn correspond to Version of the Bible (a predecessor to the current English the three persons of the Holy Trinity. All three persons Standard Version commonly used in churches of The are present and involved in the work of God’s revelation Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod), the Hymn Society of throughout every age of history. Even in Old Testament North America asked for hymns to be submitted to cele- times, we confess in the Nicene Creed that it was the Holy brate this event. “God Has Spoken by His Prophets,” writ- Spirit who “spoke by the prophets.” And God the Father ten by George Wallace Briggs (1875–1959), was one of the continues to speak “His Word unchanging” (st. 3) down to submitted hymns chosen and later published in a collection this very day. titled “Ten New Hymns on the Bible” (1952). Read 1 Sam. 15:29. ❚❚ Why is it natural that the Word of God should inspire ❚❚ Why is the Word that God has spoken by His prophets music and be the subject of our hymns? unchanging? ❚❚ How does God’s Word provide the very content of what ❚❚ Since “God is king,” “eternal,” “the first, and … the last” we are given to sing? (See Ps. 51:15 and Psalm 136.) (st. 1), does that make it easier to trust in His Word? ❚❚ Are there any times in the year when your congregation Why? (See also Rev. 22:6.) has a special focus on the gift of God’s Word in Divine Service? Read Heb. 1:3.

St. Bartholomew, Apostle, August 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 47 ❚❚ What phrase does stanza 2 borrow directly from this Read John 6:63 and 2 Tim. 3:16. verse? What does it mean? ❚❚ According to these verses, where is the Holy Spirit located ❚❚ What other words or phrases are used in stanza 2 for us? (Remember that the words for “breath” and (including some borrowed from the creed) that “spirit” in the Bible are the same.) emphasize Jesus is equally God with the Father? ❚❚ How then is God “speaking to our hearts again” (st. 3) in ❚❚ How does Jesus reveal our God to us (st. 2)? (See John this day and age? 12:44–45.) ❚❚ How does God’s Word breathe new life into us in the way that God first breathed life into Adam?

Making the Connection Stanza 1 refers to the eternal God and His Word as a “firm Stanza 3 reminds us that God is still speaking by His Spirit, anchor” in the midst of “the world’s despair and turmoil.” “in the ageless Word declaring His own message, now ❚❚ How does God’s Word give you hope and certainty in the as then.” midst of the changes in your life? ❚❚ You certainly hear God’s voice in your own individual reading of Scripture. But what place has He given for you to hear Him speak to you, audibly and out loud? (For help, see Rom. 10:14–17.)

In Closing Our God is not silent. The psalmist’s prayer is heard: “If Prayers you be silent to me, I become like those who go down to the Almighty God, Your Son, Jesus Christ, chose Bartholomew pit” (Ps. 28:1b). Our Lord speaks to us, but not through the to be an apostle to preach the blessed Gospel. Grant that inner voice of our heart and spirit. He spoke to His people Your Church may love what he believed and preach what of old through the prophets whom He sent. And He still he taught; through Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and speaks to us through the external voice of His Spirit-filled reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and Word, guiding us by His preached Law and Gospel. Since forever. Amen (Collect for St. Bartholomew). Jesus is the embodiment of the Word and the fulfillment of all the Scriptures, all true messages from God will be Blessed Lord, You have caused all Holy Scriptures to be centered on Christ and what He has done — how He has re- written for our learning. Grant that we may so hear them, deemed us by His holy cross. As St. Paul said “For I decided read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them that, by pa- to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ and Him tience and comfort of Your holy Word, we may embrace and crucified” (1 Cor. 2:2). May God grant us always to keep our ever hold fast the blessed hope of everlasting life; through eyes fixed on Jesus the Savior and to be guarded against Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen (Grace to receive the Word, anything that would lead us away from Him who is the LSB, p. 308). Word made flesh! ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 583.

St. Bartholomew, Apostle, August 24 | Three-Year Lectionary 48 Hail, Thou Once Despised Jesus Lutheran Service Book 531 | study by Marion Lars Hendrickson

Introduction Dietrich Bonhoeffer wrote, “We pray these Psalms when we ❚❚ What do you think Bonhoeffer means when he writes that regard all that God does once for his people as done for us we see “the entire history of God with his people fulfilled … and when we finally see the entire history of God with in Jesus Christ”? his people fulfilled in Jesus Christ” (Dietrich Bonhoeffer, ❚❚ Based on Bonhoeffer’s words here, how may we see the Psalms: The Prayer Book of the Bible [Minneapolis: history of God with us revealed in Jesus Christ? Augsburg Books, 1974], 35). ❚❚ What are some possible benefits for our faith of rehearsing or repeating God’s deeds of old?

Exploring the Scriptures In Lutheran Service Book (LSB) this hymn has been desig- ❚❚ Who is able to fulfill these verses perfectly? How does His nated as the hymn of the day for Proper 17A in the Sundays perfect obedience become our obedience? after Pentecost. ❚❚ Read Matt. 16:21–28. Peter does not accept the path of ❚❚ Read Jer. 15:15–21. In verse 18 the prophet laments his lot humiliation that Jesus announces for Himself: “This shall in life. Why does he say that his lot is unfair? What is his never happen to you!” (v.22). What might be in Peter’s fear concerning God? mind to say such a thing? How can Peter’s thoughts be, in ❚❚ Read Rom. 12:9–21. St. Paul spells out a long list of fact, the very thing that Satan would prefer? exhortations. Is his list easy? Difficult? Why? ❚❚ Jesus outlines the things of God in verses 24–25. In ❚❚ If a person were in a state of despair and shame, could he your own words, what is Jesus saying? Crucifixion and or she hear St. Paul’s words and carry them out? Why or resurrection are inseparable, neither the one without the why not? other. What comfort, what fellowship do these words give to all who take up their cross and follow Jesus?

Exploring the Hymn Background hearts of the people who sang the hymns. He hits upon the This is a hymn born in 1757 as a two-stanza poem once juxtaposition of the efficacy of the Word with the art of the attributed to the Englishman, John Bakewell (1721–1819), preacher, hymn writer, composer or musician who pro- but now credited to an anonymous author, then cut into claims that Word. pieces and expanded to four stanzas by another writer for ❚❚ Can the way in which a preacher or poet presents the a 1760 hymn collection by the Englishman Martin Madan Word make it more accessible? Explain your answer. (1726–1790). It was further expanded in 1776 by yet another hand, Augustus Toplady (1740–1778), to serve his Calvinist ❚❚ What are some ways in which music can enhance the theology, before finally being cut back to four stanzas. After proclamation of the Word? the English had worked over the hymn, it first appeared ❚❚ What do these thoughts suggest about singing the with minor variation in the 1893 Evangelical Lutheran praises of Christ and His work in “Hail, Thou Once Hymn- Book, followed by modest changes for The Lutheran Despised Jesus”? Hymnal (1941), updated into modern English for the 1982 Lutheran Worship, and then returned to a variation of the Text 1893 text in LSB. A hymn put through so many changes “Hail, Thou Once Despised Jesus” draws on a number of is not likely to be successful. As the old saying goes, “Too events in the life of Christ and His work of salvation. At the many cooks spoil the broth!” Yet this eighteenth-century same time, the hymn alludes to passages from the Old and hymn successfully and poetically bears the singer from the New Testaments. cross to heavenly glory. ❚❚ Read Isaiah 53. This is a familiar passage assigned to be When Martin Madan included this hymn and others in read on Good Friday. Compare Isaiah 53 with the first his 1760 collection, his admitted purpose was to touch the

Proper 17A | Three-Year Lectionary 49 stanza of this hymn. List as many similarities between ❚❚ What has been accomplished by this precious gift? the two as you can. ❚❚ List phrases in stanza 2 of the hymn that expand on this ❚❚ This first stanza refers to Jesus with the words “Hail, “ransom” in 1 Peter 1:18. Thou universal Savior.” What is the significance of the ❚❚ Read Rev. 5:9–14. What does St. John see in his vision? word “universal”? What does he hear? Who is at the center of this scene? ❚❚ Look at Is. 53:6. What word appears there that highlights Why is He “worthy”? the universal work of the crucified Jesus? ❚❚ Compare the poetry of St. John’s vision with the words of ❚❚ Read Eph. 2:13–18. St. Paul writes to “you who once were Heb. 9:11–15. How is Jesus both sacrifice and priest? far off” (v. 13). Who does he have in mind? What has ❚❚ Like St. John’s vision, this hymn elicits praise from the Jesus done, according to verses 15–16, that makes Him a lips of those who confess the Paschal Lamb as high priest universal Savior? How does calling Him “Thou Galilean and king. Since our human tongues can stammer under King” in stanza 1 emphasize the words of the apostle? sin, stanza 4 draws on other singers. Who are they? Why ❚❚ Read 1 Peter 1:18–20. According to the apostle, what is is their musical help inspiring? more precious than silver or gold?

Making the Connection In a preface to the hymnal published by Valentin Babst in ¬¬ “Opened is the gate of heaven, / Reconciled are we with 1545, Martin Luther wrote, God” (st. 2). Is this a present reality or only a future “For God has cheered our hearts and minds through hope? What difference does your answer make? his dear Son, whom he gave for us to redeem us from ¬¬ “There for sinners Thou art pleading; / There Thou sin, death, and the devil. He who believes this earnestly dost our place prepare” (st. 3). Knowing that you have cannot be quiet about it. But he must gladly and willingly someone who speaks and works on your behalf with sing and speak about it so that others also may come and God, what effect does this have on your life now? hear it” (AE 53:333). ¬¬ “Help, ye bright angelic spirits, … Help to sing our ❚❚ What is the cheer in the following phrases that gladdens Savior’s merits” (st. 4). When you don’t feel like praising Christian hearts and sets our tongues to sing and speak God, how does the thought of singing angels comfort of Christ? you? Does guilt sing with joy? Why or why not? Where ¬¬ “Thou didst free salvation bring … Bearer of our sin there is guilt, how does returning to stanza 1 lift up the and shame!” (st. 1). What does shame cost you? Where singer once again? is that shame relocated?

In Closing Bonhoeffer observed that ❚❚ Sing or read together LSB 531. “it is a dangerous error, … to think that the heart can Prayer pray by itself. For then we confuse wishes, hopes, sighs, laments, rejoicings—all of which the heart can do by Almighty God, Your Son willingly endured the agony and itself—with prayer. And we confuse earth and heaven, shame of the cross for our redemption. Grant us courage man and God. Prayer does not mean simply to pour out to take up our cross daily and follow Him wherever He one’s heart. It means rather to find the way to God and leads; through the same Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives to speak with him, whether the heart is full or empty. and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and No man can do that by himself. For that he needs Jesus forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 17A). Christ” (Bonhoeffer,Psalms , 9–10).

This hymn points us to the Word of Christ that we hear with our ears, which then pours out in music on our tongues so that others may hear.

Proper 17A | Three-Year Lectionary 50 If Thou But Trust in God to Guide Thee Lutheran Service Book 750 | study by John G. Fleischmann

Introduction There are some who believe that once a person becomes a ❚❚ What is the cause of all suffering? Christian, all problems disappear. ❚❚ What is the worst kind of suffering that one can endure? Holy Scripture paints a much different picture. Often, it records that those called by God endured tremendous ❚❚ What are some of the struggles you face today? suffering. Through their trials the patriarchs, prophets, apostles This hymn, sung on the observance of the Martyrdom of St. and others clung to the promises of God, knowing that He John the Baptist as well as at Christian funerals and other would deliver them eternally. times, lifts our eyes from our suffering to the promises and As we cling to God’s promises in Christ, we too receive assurances that we receive from God through our Lord strength, protection and comfort. Jesus sanctified our Jesus Christ. suffering by entering into it when He took on our flesh. Now He uses it to draw us closer to Himself.

Exploring the Scriptures This hymn is based on passages of tremendous hope in the Read Rom. 6:1–5, the Epistle for the Martyrdom of St. John Bible. Read Ps. 55:22; Prov. 3:5–6; and Is. 41:10. the Baptist. ❚❚ What is their common theme? ❚❚ What two things does Baptism do? See verses 3 and 5. ❚❚ What is the source of this hope? ❚❚ What other assurances does Baptism give? See the Small Catechism, LSB, page 325. ❚❚ How does this help you when faced with life’s issues?

Exploring the Hymn Background Text The writer of this hymn, Georg Neumark (1621–81), had This hymn is truly a hymn of great hope and encouragement. gone through an extremely difficult time in his life. Not only The first stanza addresses the singer with a pastoral was the bloody Thirty Years’ War in progress (1618–48), but voice, encouraging him to place his hope in the Lord and he had personally lost everything. His will. “He’ll give thee strength, whate’er betide thee, / Nomadically walking the country with an uncertain and And bear thee through the evil days.” bleak future, he was rescued when the Lord brought Pastor ❚❚ What comfort do you receive from this reminder of God’s Nicholas Becker into his life. “No Matter What” promise? Pastor Becker, who learned of his desperation, was able to arrange for Neumark to become a tutor for a local magis- Stanza 2 speaks of the enormity and futility of earthly suf- trate’s family in Kiel, Germany. This provided Neumark fering. Our “never-ceasing moans and sighs” are evidence of with stability and gainful employment. the grave struggle that we endure, birthed by sin. Near its It was at this time that Neumark composed this hymn. end, the stanza speaks of our “cross and trials.” In Christian ❚❚ Can you think of a time in your life when you were theology, a “cross” is different from generalized suffering desperate? caused by sin. ❚❚ How did the Lord bring healing to you? ❚❚ Read Matt. 14:1–12. Why did John the Baptist suffer? ❚❚ What was your response to Him when you were ❚❚ Read Rev. 6:9–11, the first lesson for the delivered? ❚❚ Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist. Who was seen “under the altar”?

The Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist, August 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 51 ❚❚ Can you think of other biblical accounts in which God’s Stanza 5 shows us that our suffering can be great, using the children suffered because their faith in God conflicted words “fiery trial” to describe it. Read 1 Peter 4:12–16. with the world? ❚❚ What does Peter have to say about these “fiery trials”?

Stanza 3 encourages us to be “patient,” for “our inmost ❚❚ What hope does Peter give? wants are known / To Him who chose us for His own.” Ponder the words of stanza 6. Then read Mary’s words as ❚ ❚ What does Gal. 5:22 tell us about patience? she sings the Magnificat in the presence of Elizabeth (Luke ❚❚ When were you chosen as God’s own? 1:46–55). ❚❚ What theme do you see in both? Stanza 4 shows that the Lord brings gladness and allows for sadness in our lives. ❚❚ What deep hope does Neumark share in the last two lines? ❚ ❚ What do you think Neumark meant when he penned, The final stanza ends with a succinct summation of the “He comes to thee all unaware / And makes thee own His entire hymn. loving care”? ❚❚ What are the ways that Neumark lists to face the trials of life?

Making the Connection The Church has cherished this hymn over many centuries. p. 184). There, we exchange the words, “Our help is in It has comforted countless Christians as they wept beside the name of the LORD, who made heaven and earth” the graves of loved ones, or faced the enormity of life’s (Ps. 124:8). issues. It still clearly speaks the hope that we have in God ❚❚ What does this tell us about the power of God in our lives through Jesus Christ our Lord. over any issue that we face? The same hope given in this hymn can be found in the Confession and Absolution of the Divine Service (LSB, ❚❚ Where is God’s power over all suffering most clearly shown?

In Closing The journey of life is filled with joys and sorrows. ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 750. Sometimes the suffering can steal our joy, causing us to withdraw, or even tempt us to turn away from the Lord. Prayer This hymn is a wonderful sermon assuring us that when Almighty and most merciful God, in this earthly life we en- we suffer, God is present. It reminds us that our difficulties dure sufferings and death before we enter into eternal glory. are quite temporary when compared to the eternal joy that Grant us grace at all times to subject ourselves to Your holy awaits those baptized into Christ’s death and resurrection. will and to continue steadfast in the true faith to the end of It is this hope and comfort, given us by the Holy Spirit, that our lives that we may know the peace and joy of the blessed empowers us to “Sing, pray, and keep His ways unswerving” hope of the resurrection of the dead and of the glory of the (vs. 7) no matter what life throws at us. For “God never yet world to come; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen (In forsook in need / The soul that trusted Him indeed” (vs. 7). times of affliction and distress, LSB, p. 317).

The Martyrdom of St. John the Baptist, August 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 52 My Soul, Now Praise Your Maker Lutheran Service Book 820 | study by Paul J. Cain

Introduction Confess together the First Article of the Apostles’ Creed Pray (LSB, p. 322). O God, the strength of all who put their trust in You, merci- “My Soul, Now Praise Your Maker” is a hymn of praise fully grant that by Your power we may be defended against and adoration for what the Lord has done in creation, but all adversity; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who not only for what He has done in creation. lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now ❚❚ Why is a “First Article only” confession of faith an and forever. Amen (Collect for Epiphany 7). insufficient confession for Christians from a biblical standpoint? What is missing?

Exploring the Scriptures There are four main Bible texts for us to consider that are Read Is. 57:15–16. listed at the bottom of the page for LSB 820. ❚❚ How is the Law proclaimed here? The Gospel? Read Is. 40:6–8. ❚❚ Contrast the dwelling places of the Lord and humanity. ❚ ❚ What is distressing about these verses? Is the prophet Why is the incarnation of Christ so comforting to us? only speaking about grass and flowers? ❚❚ What is comforting about verse 8? Read Ps. 119:89–90. ❚❚ Have you ever seen the letters “VDMA”? They are the ❚❚ What do we learn about the reliability of the Lord and initial letters of the Latin motto that translates, “The His Word in these verses? Word of the Lord Endures Forever” (Verbum Domini Manet in Aeternum). Why is that an appropriate motto for Lutherans, and especially for Lutheran laypeople?

Exploring the Hymn Background This hymn has become a somewhat unlikely favorite hymn Intended as a paraphrase of Psalm 103, “My Soul” has a at my congregation’s school for chapel at the grammar royal history. Martin Chemnitz knew that this hymn was school level, and was even used for vacation Bible school. commissioned by Albrecht the Elder, Duke of Prussia, a ❚❚ How and where does the hymn encourage sound supporter of the Lutheran Reformation and of Luther him- catechesis at home, church and school to pass on the faith self. Psalm 103 was the Duke’s favorite psalm. This hymn to the next generation? was a favorite of Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus. A hymn of consolation, it was sung in thanksgiving for the conclu- ❚❚ What words and phrases in the hymn encourage sion of the Thirty Years’ War by Christians in Osnabrück, evangelism and mission work? Which words and phrases Westphalia. Author Johann Gramann (1487–1541) was provide good models for use in mission work and known at the time for his preaching and pastoral care, as evangelism? well as church visitation and the establishment of Lutheran schools. Today his hymn of praise, one of the earliest Text Lutheran hymns, lives on in Lutheran Service Book (LSB). Stanza 1 presents Ps. 103:1–6. Read those verses and compare them to the stanza. ❚❚ In what ways does this hymn sound like a sermon? ❚❚ What words in stanza 1 reflect the individual nature of ❚ ❚ What parts of the hymn reflect soul care from a faithful the praises offered in Ps. 103:1–5? and compassionate pastor? Stanza 2 is based on Ps. 103:7–12. Read those verses and compare them to the stanza.

Proper 18A and the Seventh Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 53 ❚❚ In Ps. 103:6–14, the whole community praises the Lord. ❚❚ How are Mal. 3:17; 1 John 3:1; Rom. 8:15; Gen. 2:7; Gen. How is this subtly reflected at the end of stanza 2? Skip 3:19; Job 10:9; Job 14:1–2; Job 34:14–15; Ps. 90:3–6; Ps. ahead for the moment to stanza 3. Note specific language 102:11; Eccl. 3:20; and James 1:10 alluded to in stanza 3? that shows the Lord’s care for the flock of Christians He gathers to Himself. Stanza 4 gives us Ps. 103:17–22. Read those verses and com- ❚❚ Consider the influence of the following on stanza 2: pare them to the stanza. ¬¬ Is. 30:18; Is. 48:9; 2 Peter 3:9; Lam. 3:22; Ps. 34:18; ❚❚ All of creation is to honor the Lord, as Ps. 103:20–22 and Ps. 51:17. encourages by “Bless the LORD.” Where are these thoughts of praise and adoration expressed in stanza 4? Stanza 3 is a metrical paraphrase of Ps. 103:13–16. Read ❚❚ Read 1 Peter 1:25 and Is. 59:21. Why are these verses so those verses and compare them to the stanza. important to stanza 4? ❚❚ God is eternal. Human life is frail. How are these truths shared poetically in stanza 3? In Is. 40:6–8?

Making the Connection Most Christians agree that salvation was won by Christ on God is delivered to you here and now? Would your answer the cross (that is, if they are still willing to confess the ve- differ if you were giving the same kind of explanation to a racity of the Scriptures, the divinity of Christ and the truth Christian who was not a Lutheran? Why or why not? of His incarnation and resurrection). Where Christians so ❚❚ “His love beyond all measure” (st. 2). How would you often differ is where the benefit of that salvation is delivered use phrases from the hymn to counter the response, “It to Christians. sounds too good to be true”? ❚❚ “His grace remains forever” (st. 4). How would you explain to a non-Christian where and how the grace of

In Closing Confess together the Second Article of the Apostles’ Creed (LSB, pp. 322–3). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 820.

Prayer O God, from whom all good proceeds, grant to us, Your humble servants, Your holy inspiration, that we may set our minds on the things that are right and, by Your merciful guiding, accomplish them; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 18A).

Proper 18A and the Seventh Sunday after the Epiphany | Three-Year Lectionary 54 Come Down, O Love Divine Lutheran Service Book 501 | study by Paul F. Becker

Introduction The Lutheran Confessions describe the person and work of Blessings, and Giver of Life-come and abide in us, and the Holy Spirit in some detail. cleanse us from every impurity, and save our souls, O 4 “Faith brings the Holy Spirit and produces a new life Good One.” in hearts. It must also produce spiritual movements in hearts. … Therefore, when we have been justified by Our hymn today summarizes and describes how the Holy faith and regenerated, we begin to fear and love God, to Spirit works changes both in the inward being and outward pray to Him, to expect aid from Him, to give thanks and living of each child of God. praise Him, and to obey Him in times of suffering. We ❚❚ Why is it important for “Love Divine” to come and abide also begin to love our neighbors, because our hearts have in us? How do things like love, joy and peace become part spiritual and holy movements” (Ap V 4, p. 102). of our lives? ❚❚ How does “Love Divine” bring about even “obedience Likewise, in the Eastern Church the following is included in in times of suffering” and help us see this as working the daily prayers: together for our good? “O Heavenly King, the Comforter, the Spirit Truth, Who art everywhere and fillest all things; Treasury of

Exploring the Scriptures God’s Word gives us unique insights into the person and ❚❚ How does the Spirit help us love Jesus and keep work of the Holy Spirit. Read Ezek. 36:25–28. His words? ❚❚ In verses 25–26, how is the Sacrament of Holy Baptism foretold? What metaphor is used to describe the miracle By the Spirit’s presence, we “begin also to love our neigh- of rebirth? bors.” Read Rom. 12:9–15. ❚ ❚❚ What specific verbs/actions are ascribed to God? To us? ❚ When charity becomes our “outward vesture” (st. 3), what specific activities can be expected? Jesus indicates that we will stay close to the Father and the ❚❚ Remember a time in your life when the Spirit helped you Son by the Holy Spirit. Read John 14:16–17, 23–27. love a neighbor in a difficult situation. ❚❚ What names does Jesus give the Holy Spirit? In what ways will the Spirit be a “Helper” to us?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Discuss various lay organizations available to believers Little is known about the author of our text, Bianco da today (e.g., Lutheran Women’s Missionary League, Siena (c. 1350–1434) except for a collection of ninety-two Lutheran Laymen’s League, etc.) and what kind of poems entitled Laudi spirituali, literally, “spiritual prais- Christian life they promote. es,” or songs. These simple songs, sung in Italian, were ❚❚ Bianco da Siena joined his order at the early age of composed by members of lay organizations of a devotional seventeen. How can we encourage young people today to or religious nature. take their Christian vocation seriously? Apparently, members of such orders made promises to pursue poverty, humility and charity. Living a relatively Text long life of eighty-plus years in a time known for its wars This hymn text overflows with action words (verbs) at- and plagues could not have been easy by any means. tributed to God the Holy Spirit, love divine — come, seek, visit, draw near, appear, kindle, bestowing —all in stanza 1.

4 “O Heavenly King and Psalm 51 (Psalm of Repentance),” Orthodox Church in America, accessed June 28, 2018, oca.org/orthodoxy/prayers/trisagion.

Proper 19A | Three-Year Lectionary 55 The action continues in stanza 2 as the fire of divine love connection between the individual and churchly nature consumes worldly passions and illumines our path. of the Spirit’s work. We live in an age that makes two common false assump- tions: that people are basically good and that I can “decide” After His Baptism, the Spirit led Jesus into the wilderness to become a Christian — “I prayed to ask Jesus into my to be tempted by the devil. Isn’t life very much the same for heart.” How does our text overturn such thinking? Does it us? Read Rom. 5:1–5. matter what hymns we sing? ❚❚ Note the sequence: suffering, endurance, character, hope. “Thy holy flame” recalls the Day of Pentecost when “divid- Several hymnals omit stanza 3, which mentions things ed tongues as of fire appeared to them and rested on each like lowliness, humility and weeping with loathing over one of them” (Acts 2:3). personal shortcomings. While not painting a very pretty picture, our Lutheran theology has a certain grounding Read Titus 3:4–7. in reality that offers a blessing. How would you describe ❚❚ How and when does Pentecost become personal for a that blessing to someone who felt this language is too Christian? Talk about keeping the creative tension of a “negative”?

Making the Connection The soul “Wherein the Holy Spirit makes His dwelling” (st. ❚❚ In his letter to the Galatians, Paul speaks of the Spirit’s 4) refers to us: “Now you are the body of Christ and individ- fruit that, as it grows, “shall far outpass the pow’r of ually members of it” (1 Cor. 12:27). Not only the soul, but the human telling” (st. 4). “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, body also: “Or do you not know that your body is a temple joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God?” (1 gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no Cor. 6:19). law” (Gal. 5:22–23). ❚❚ What gifts does Christ give to assure us that He abides in ❚❚ Pick one or two of these fruits and describe an experience us and we in Him? Read 1 Cor. 10:16. in which “His grace” produced something of “love divine” in your life.

In Closing St. Paul concludes his letter to the Church in Rome with Prayer references to the critical importance of the Holy Spirit in O God, our refuge and strength, the author of all godli- our daily lives: “For the kingdom of God is not a matter of ness, hear the devout prayers of Your Church, especially in eating and drinking but of righteousness and peace and joy times of persecution, and grant that what we ask in faith in the Holy Spirit” (Rom. 14:17). “May the God of hope fill we may obtain; through Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives you with all joy and peace in believing, so that by the power and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and of the Holy Spirit you may abound in hope” (Rom. 15:13). forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 19A). ❚❚ With these Scriptures in mind, sing or read aloud together LSB 501.

Proper 19A | Three-Year Lectionary 56 Sing, My Tongue, the Glorious Battle Lutheran Service Book 454 | study by Paul Gregory Alms

Introduction By all outward appearances, the cross of Jesus is not tri- is at the center of this hymn. The awful cross is in reality a umphant, beautiful or glorious. The cross looks like defeat, “trophy,” a triumph, a tree of life. weakness and great suffering and death. No one who judged ❚❚ What words occur to you as you meditate on the cross? by common sense would say the spectacle of Jesus dying on the cross was anything but horrible. Yet, the Scriptures ❚❚ How many are positive (focused on salvation and and the Christian faith point to the cross as the greatest, forgiveness) and how many are focused on the sufferings most wonderful moment not only of Christ’s life but also of of Christ? ours. It is the supreme moment of Christ’s power and the ❚❚ How are these groups of impressions and words related pinnacle and foundation of our life and hope. It is a moment to each other? of great victory and salvation. That contrast and paradox

Exploring the Scriptures The core scriptural idea of this hymn is expressed in the ❚❚ How are the two related? final phrase of the first stanza: “Tell how Christ, the world’s redeemer, / As a victim won the day.” The message of sal- Read John 17:1. In John’s Gospel, Jesus’ “time” or “hour” vation is not just that Christ saved us from sin; it is that He usually means His crucifixion and burial and resurrection. saved us “as a victim.” Christ saved us from sin and death ❚❚ Here Jesus asks His Father to glorify Him, since His hour by suffering, by being beaten, by dying, by lying lifeless has come. When does the Father glorify Jesus? in the tomb. Christ won a great victory by becoming, for our sakes, a lifeless, dead human being, by suffering and ❚❚ Is His death on the cross a moment of shame or glory being weak. That contrast and mystery is at the heart of for Jesus? the Gospel. Read Is. 53:5. This passage mentions both what will hap- Read Gal. 6:14. pen to Christ and to Christians. ❚❚ What does Paul say is the only thing he will boast about ❚❚ What will happen to Christ according to this passage? in this life? ❚❚ What will happen to Christians? ❚❚ Why is this true for Paul and for all of us?

Exploring the Hymn Background of Fortunatus’ hymn which we sing in LSB 454 points to the The author of this hymn is known as Venantius Honorius saving work of Christ that He accomplished on the cross. Fortunatus (c. 530–609). He was a prodigious writer of ❚❚ Why do you think relics were so popular through verse, much of which has been lost over the centuries. Two the ages? hymns survived, this one and “The Royal Banners Forward Go,” both of which have to do with the crucifixion. This ❚❚ What real, tangible evidences of Christ and His love for hymn became very well-known and has been widely used us does the Bible really point us to? within the Church. Both hymns were inspired by the appearance of a sup- Text posed relic of the cross in the monastery where Fortunatus This hymn is first and foremost an invitation to sing and lived. This shard of wood was regarded as a real piece of the praise God. Read Ps. 98:1–2. cross on which Jesus was crucified. Fortunatus was com- ❚❚ What is the reason in this psalm for praising God? missioned to write a hymn in honor of this relic. “Sing, My ❚❚ How is this similar or related to our hymn? Tongue, the Glorious Battle” is that hymn. While we rightly reject the idea that such relics were genuine and, more im- Stanza 1 concludes that Christ “as a victim won the portantly, that such relics ought to be honored, the version day.” This little phrase brings us right into the heart of

Holy Cross Day, September 14 and Good Friday | Three-Year Lectionary 57 redemption and atonement. It is Christ’s cross that is our ❚❚ Read Gal. 4:4–5. How does this passage help us victory and salvation, and yet the cross is apparent weak- understand Christ’s life of obedience? ness and suffering and defeat. ❚❚ For whose sake was He being obedient? ❚❚ Which enemies of ours did Christ defeat on the cross? ❚❚ How did His dying “as a victim” defeat them? Stanza 4 draws a comparison between the tree of life in the Garden of Eden and the cross. While the hymn is appointed for Good Friday and Holy ❚❚ Read Rev. 22:2. How is this tree of life similar to the Week and focuses on the crucifixion, it encompasses the cross? See Is. 53:5. whole scope of Christ’s redemptive work. ❚❚ Read Gen. 3:22. There God mentions that eating of the ❚❚ According to stanza 2, what else did Christ do to tree of life brings eternal life. How do we “eat” the cross, redeem us? our tree of life, for eternal life?

Making the Connection This hymn presents to us Christ’s suffering and cross as a ❚❚ For whose sake did Christ obey the Law? victory and a triumph. Scripture also reminds us that we ❚❚ Who gets the “credit” for His obedience? are baptized into Christ. Our lives are connected to His. The fact that Christ’s suffering is a victory over sin and Stanza 3 emphasizes the willingness of Christ to die on the death allows us to see our own suffering in faith. Christ suf- cross for our sakes and for our forgiveness. fers with us and weeps with us and, since we are connected to Him, leads us through our suffering to eternity and life. ❚❚ What does such willingness indicate about Christ’s attitude toward us? ❚❚ How does this hymn help us to see our suffering as part of our Christian life? ❚❚ Such an attitude calls forth from us just the type of praise and singing this hymn invites us to offer to God. This hymn also gives a glimpse of Christ’s “passive obedience.” He obeyed and fulfilled the Law though He had no need to do so, since He is the Giver of the Law.

In Closing The cross of Jesus is a triumphant sign, though it is a dis- Prayer graceful one to the world. A dying man’s blood, suffering Almighty God, graciously behold this Your family for whom and death seem like foolishness or worse to those without our Lord Jesus Christ was willing to be betrayed and deliv- faith. To us it is glorious, a sign of conquest, a noble and ered into the hands of sinful men to suffer death upon the beautiful tree. The more we consider the sacrifice of Jesus cross; through the same Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, on the cross, the more we keep in mind His great love for us who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, in giving Himself into death, the more the Spirit will lead now and forever. Amen (Collect for Good Friday). us to sing of the glorious battle and to tell how Christ, the world’s redeemer, won the day. ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 454.

Holy Cross Day, September 14 and Good Friday | Three-Year Lectionary 58 The Royal Banners Forward Go Lutheran Service Book 455 | study by Paul Gregory Alms

Introduction Every king, president or ruler has symbols of power that a strange one. For on that wood He suffered, bled and died. surround him. A king has a scepter and a crown. A presi- His grisly death does not seem like a victory but an awful dent has the presidential seal and Air Force One. Ancient tragedy. But in such things as suffering, blood and death generals often had banners that were lifted up before their is the triumph of our Savior. With such things He wins the armies to march before them. Such things are used to pro- battle for us. claim that the ruler or king is powerful and important. ❚❚ How is the cross a sign of victory? Jesus Christ’s “banner” is His cross. It is the sign and the place of His great victory. For many centuries, churches ❚❚ Where and how does your church use crosses, crucifixes have lifted up crucifixes and crosses in worship as remind- or banners with the cross? What messages do they (and ers of Christ’s power and might. But this banner of Christ is how your church uses them) convey?

Exploring the Scriptures The Readings for Holy Cross Day form an excellent scrip- ❚❚ Do people today still have this attitude? What about tural basis for this hymn. Numbers 21:4–9 tells the story Jesus on the cross appears foolish? of Moses lifting up the bronze serpent in the wilderness to ❚❚ Paul writes that in truth the word of the cross is the save the people of Israel from God’s wrath. power and wisdom of God. How is the proclamation of ❚❚ What do the people say to Moses in verse 7, and how is Christ’s death powerful? this similar to the way we approach God in the Divine Service? In the Gospel Reading, Jesus says, “And I, when I am lifted ❚❚ What does God tell Moses to “lift up” for the people? up from the earth, will draw all people to myself” (John 12:32). ❚❚ What does God “lift up” for us today? Where do we see ❚ and receive this? ❚ How does the crucifixion and death of Jesus draw us to Him? In the Epistle Reading, Paul says many regard the cross as folly and weakness (1 Cor. 1:18–25).

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What is the difference between worshiping relics Venantius Honorius Fortunatus (c. 530–609) is the author and using crosses, crucifixes, banners and art in our of this hymn. He wrote many hymns, most of which were churches? written for use in the church year. One volume of verse was ❚❚ If we are looking for tangible signs of Christ’s love for us, entitled Hymns for All the Festivals of the Church Year, but where should we look? Has God given such signs? it, like almost all of his work, has been lost. This hymn is among the few that have survived. Text This was written as a procession hymn for a specific The first stanza of this hymn includes a challenging theo- occasion. A supposed relic of the cross of Jesus was being logical statement. Fortunatus points to the mystery that the brought into the monastery where Fortunatus lived. This one who made our flesh (the Son of God) now pays the ran- piece of wood was highly regarded and greeted with pomp som of sin in that very flesh He has made. God has taken on and ceremony at the church where it would be displayed. this flesh in order to free that flesh (us!) from our own sin. Fortunatus wrote this hymn to be sung as the relic was first brought into the sanctuary. Of course we reject the value ❚❚ Consider how this stanza emphasizes God working of relics or the idea that they are genuine. The hymn itself all things in our salvation: creation, incarnation and does not mention relics but rather praises the atoning work atonement. Christ did on the cross for us.

Holy Cross Day, September 14 | Three-Year Lectionary 59 Read John 19:34. ❚❚ Why is Christ’s place of death considered the place where ❚❚ What does this Scripture tell us flowed from Jesus’ side? He rules and triumphs? ❚ ❚❚ The hymn calls the “torrent rushing from His side” (st. 2) ❚ How does Gal. 3:13 fit in here? a “precious flood” that washes us. How are we washed in the cross of Jesus? The hymn speaks of the cross as a “tree of beauty” (st. 5) that bore holy limbs. Further in that same stanza, the hymn ❚❚ How do Baptism and the Lord’s Supper connect to this proclaims that the shame once associated with the tree is image of blood and water flowing from the crucifixion now gone. of Christ? ❚❚ What shame might be attached to a tree in the biblical Stanza 3 says that Jesus reigns “in triumph from the tree.” narrative? See Gen. 3:1–7.

Making the Connection This hymn text pushes us boldly to meditate on the cross of We often encounter difficulties, burdens and afflictions. Christ, on His suffering and death. But it does that with us How can this hymn’s proclamation that Christ reigns and in the picture. Read the text hymn slowly and consider how triumphs, especially on the cross in His agony, be a comfort each part of the picture of Christ’s redemptive suffering to us? includes us and our sin and the salvation Christ brings. ❚❚ Are there words or images in this hymn that speak the ❚❚ How can you find yourself and Christ’s work for you comfort of the crucified Christ to you? in these individual words: ¬¬ ransom (st. 1) ¬¬ shame (st. 5) ¬¬ flood (st. 2) ¬¬ restore (st. 6) ¬¬ price (st. 4)

In Closing Christ is our King and Lord. But unlike other earthly rul- Prayer ers, the banners and symbols of His power are upside down. Merciful God, Your Son, Jesus Christ, was lifted high upon His banner is His holy cross, where He conquered in the the cross that He might bear the sins of the world and draw fight against our sin not with worldly displays of power but all people to Himself. Grant that we who glory in His death by suffering and dying. The true cross is shown forth in our for our redemption may faithfully heed His call to bear the midst by preaching, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper. There cross and follow Him, who lives and reigns with You and Christ has promised to give the victory over sin that His the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect cross has won. for Holy Cross Day). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 455.

Holy Cross Day, September 14 | Three-Year Lectionary 60 Salvation unto Us Has Come Lutheran Service Book 555 | study by Christopher I. Thoma

Introduction If you take a test and fail it because you didn’t study, do ❚❚ In your opinion, what is a “good work”? Read the you deserve an A? If you studied all week and memorized Augsburg Confession: all of the necessary information and answered all of the “Our churches teach that people cannot be justified be- questions correctly on the test, do you deserve an A? These fore God by their own strength, merits, or works. People are not difficult questions to answer because it is natural are freely justified for Christ’s sake, through faith, when for man to play by the rule which says quite simply, “You get they believe that they are received into favor and that what you deserve.” their sins are forgiven for Christ’s sake. By His death, Today’s hymn, like the Gospel theme it supports, gets this Christ made satisfaction for our sins. God counts this rule a little mixed up. In fact, it turns it around completely. faith for righteousness in His sight (Romans 3 and 4 ❚❚ What do you believe to be the focus of the hymn? [3:21-26; 4:5])” (AC IV, p. 33). ❚❚ What light does this quotation shed on your understanding of good works in the Christian life?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Matt. 20:1–16. In this Gospel Reading, Jesus makes ❚❚ Remember that Jesus tells us that this parable represents it clear that God’s fairness is different from the fairness of the kingdom of heaven. With this in mind, what do we man. He tells us that the reward of heaven is not based on learn about the generosity of God? what we do; rather, God gives to us something other than ❚❚ Read Is. 64:6. If we were to demand from God what we what we deserve. deserve because of our acts, what would we receive? ❚ ❚ After working all day, how would it make you feel if you ❚❚ Read Eph. 2:8–9. Salvation is referred to as what in received the same amount of pay as someone who worked this text? for only an hour?

Exploring the Hymn Background Text Paul Speratus (1484–1551), a colleague of Luther and a The language and tune of this hymn are borne along with significant contributor to the efforts of the Reformation, what is seemingly a sigh of blissful relief. There is so much fashioned this hymn from the gut-wrenching threads of joy, it appears that Speratus cannot stop writing stanzas, experience. Speratus was an ordained preacher who was and so we are given a hymn with ten stanzas of great sub- expelled from several cities for his evangelical preaching. stance. Let’s consider a few of these stanzas. He was excommunicated for preaching salvation by grace Stanza 1 does a wonderful job of telling the reader the through faith in Jesus Christ and was eventually arrested, purpose of the joyful hymn to follow. Stanzas 2–4 drop us imprisoned and condemned to death. He did manage to es- into the dirty reality of the Law’s requirement, our sinful cape his captors, and in this freedom was used by the Lord condition, and our helpless standing against it. to great ends. ❚❚ According to stanza 1, for whom did Christ die? ❚ ❚ During Speratus’ time, what were the widely held views ❚❚ Who else might have been considered as an advocate regarding good works? What role did monasticism play and/or redeemer (which is contrary to the Christian in this? faith) by the people and Church of Speratus’ time? Which ❚❚ How might the title of this hymn reflect the situation of statements in stanza 1 make Christ’s role in the Church the Reformation and the feelings of those hearing the abundantly clear? pure Gospel through men like Luther and Paul Speratus? ❚❚ What is the stance of stanza 2 toward those who would seek to purify themselves by monastic living? Describe in your own words the burden of the Law to sinners

Proper 20A, Septuagesima and Reformation Day | Three-Year Lectionary 61 (particularly those who believe they must do good works ❚❚ Consider the following terms in the remaining stanzas: to get to heaven). Is there certainty of salvation in this? Atonement, baptized, ransom, the cross, trust, peace, ❚❚ Read Rom. 3:10–20. How does this text shed light on justify. How does “saved by grace through faith in Christ” stanzas 2–4? theology change their substance? (For example, Baptism as taught in the Roman Catholic Church removes only Stanza 5 is a significant turning point in the text of the original sin. Actual sin remains.) hymn, setting the stage for the Christian to sing the re- ❚❚ Look for and discuss other words. maining stanzas with confidence and certainty. ❚❚ Who is the focus of stanzas 2–4? Who is absent in stanzas The hymn ends with a Trinitarian conclusion. 2–4 and introduced as the focal point in stanza 5? ❚❚ Consider the First through Third Articles of the Apostles’ ❚❚ With this introduction, how is the direction of the hymn Creed and their meanings in the Small Catechism (LSB, changed? The spirit of its tune? Christian certainty? p. 322–23). In his explanations, how does Luther make clear God’s redemptive plan in Christ? The remaining stanzas (6–10) reintroduce the Church to ❚❚ Read John 14:8–11, 23–28, and 15:26. How do these texts familiar terms. reflect upon not only stanza 10 but the entire hymn? ❚❚ Read again the text of Eph. 2:8–10. What ancient and yet radically new theology is presented here?

Making the Connection Reflect on the parable in Matt. 20:1–16. Perhaps we of- ❚❚ Why is it this way for us? ten grumble to the Lord as the workers grumbled to the ❚❚ Read Luke 15:3–7. What do these words reveal to us landowner. about others? About ourselves?

In Closing “Salvation unto Us Has Come” seeks to reveal a right under- ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 555. standing of God’s Law, and it refreshes and strengthens the sin-and guilt-wearied heart with the Gospel. Ultimately, it Prayer reveals that this Gospel message truly is “foolishness” and a Lord God, heavenly Father, since we cannot stand before “stumbling block” as it flies in the face of the human under- You relying on anything we have done, help us trust in Your standing that “you get what you deserve.” abiding grace and live according to Your Word; through By Christ’s life, death and resurrection we are spared Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with from what we deserve. In fact, the Innocent pays for the You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen guilty, and the guilty are declared free. By the power of (Collect for Proper 20A). the Holy Spirit through the Gospel, faith and the merits of Christ’s innocence are given to us. What a joyful declaration of justification for the believing heart, a heart now strengthened to cling to the Lord and not to self.

Proper 20A, Septuagesima and Reformation Day | Three-Year Lectionary 62 What Is the World to Me Lutheran Service Book 730 | study by J. H. Sorenson

Introduction A very wealthy man thought he had made a shrewd ar- ❚❚ What do you think is the main point of the story? rangement to “take it with him” by making a huge contri- ❚❚ Is anything like that story remotely possible? bution to “the Building Fund.” He arrived at heaven’s gate lugging a large trunk. The gatekeeper said, “Sorry, you can’t This hymn emphasizes and underlines a teaching that few take that in here,” but the man insisted he had permission. people ever really learn. The gatekeeper said, “We’ll see. Show me what’s in the trunk.” He opened the trunk, and it was full of gold bars, a ❚❚ What evidence is there that St. Matthew learned it huge fortune. The gate-keeper said, “You brought paving?” (Matt. 9:9–13)? This modern parable illustrates something about the ❚❚ How did following Jesus change him? values of heaven and those of earth.

Exploring the Scriptures In Luke 16:1–13, Jesus told the parable of the dishonest In 1 John 2:15–17, the apostle urges us not to love the world manager to teach the importance of eternal values. In or the things of the world that appeal to our senses. In Phil. discussing the matter, He told His disciples and us, “No 3:7–9, Paul strongly and passionately says that he counts servant can serve two masters, for either he will hate the everything as rubbish compared to knowing Jesus Christ one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and by faith. despise the other. You cannot serve God and money” (v. 13). ❚❚ Do these two passages give a different message? ❚ ❚ What does the word “money” include? ❚❚ Why is loving the “things of this world” not compatible ❚❚ What are some of the “masters” we are susceptible to? with loving eternal things? ❚❚ What is the “tipping point” between love for God and love of money?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Does the translation change the meaning of the phrase? The origin of this fine eighteenth-century hymn is a little ❚❚ What is the answer to the question, either way? bit cloudy. Most students of the matter agree that the author was Georg Michael Pfefferkorn (1645–1732), a teacher Stanza 1 of the hymn makes a bold statement of the and pastor in Germany. However, the hymn first appeared changed value system of the Christian life, contrasting the anonymously and lately it has been attributed to Balthasar world and its “vaunted pleasure” against the peace and rest Kindermann (d. 1706). It was translated into English by of having Jesus as treasure and soul’s delight. August Crull, who was born in Germany in 1845. He emi- grated to the United States at an early age, and graduated ❚❚ What are some of the “vaunted pleasures” of this world? from Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, in 1862. He served as pastor and teacher in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Grand Stanza 2 considers the praise and honor of the “mighty” of Rapids, Michigan; and died in 1923. this world, but finds them “frail and flighty” compared to the surpassing worth of knowing Jesus. Text ❚❚ How are the “mighty” of this world “frail and flighty?” Pastor Crull used his gift as a poet in translating the key phrase of the hymn as “What is the world to me!” Its literal In Stanza 3 the wealth of this world in money is contrasted meaning in German is “What do I ask of the world?” to the wealth of knowing Jesus.

St. Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist, September 21 and the Ninth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 63 ❚❚ How much money is enough? Jesus means to the believer — wealth, treasure, life, health, friendship, love, pleasure, joy and eternal bliss. The fourth stanza brings the main message of the hymn to- ❚❚ Can you think of a few more things to add to the list? gether in a striking way with a list of important things that

Making the Connection Hard times often make people reevaluate their list of what In the lifetimes of most of us, we have seen unprecedent- is important in life. ed prosperity. Our nation as a whole is part of the wealth- ❚❚ Have you had that kind of experience lately? Or ever? iest people the world has ever seen. Yet we have recently been hearing of the overwhelming greed of some of our Jesus said, “For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye fellow citizens — not only greed for money and possessions, of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of but for power, for pleasure and whatever else the world God” (Luke 18:25). may give. ❚ ❚❚ Is it easier for a poor person to believe? ❚ What are some of the signs of this trend?

❚❚ How poor do you have to be? Christians are not immune to these social trends, but by our Savior’s grace we are called to ask the question, “What “What Is the World to Me” is a hymn not only for the eigh- is the world to me?” teenth century, but for the twenty-first century as well. It ❚ seems designed to make us think about what is important ❚ How does this trend toward the values of this world show eternally and who we have in first place in our lives. itself in the church? ❚❚ What can Christians do to work against this trend?

In Closing Another parable that teaches a point similar to the story Prayer about the rich man who thought he had a way to “take it Almighty God, heavenly Father, You have called us to be with him” is Jesus’ parable of the rich fool (Luke 12:16–21). Your children and heirs of Your gracious promises in Christ A man is so wealthy he has no place to store all his goods. Jesus. Grant us Your Holy Spirit that we may forsake all He decides to tear down his barns and build bigger ones, covetous desires and the inordinate love of riches. Deliver thinking that then he will be at ease. “But God said to him, us from the pursuit of passing things that we may seek the ‘Fool! This night your soul is required of you, and the things kingdom of Your Son and trust in His righteousness and so you have prepared, whose will they be?’ So is the one who find blessedness and peace; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. lays up treasure for himself and is not rich toward God” Amen (Against the love of money, LSB, p. 311). (Luke 12:20–21). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 730.

St. Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist, September 21 and the Ninth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 64 Lord, Keep Us Steadfast in Your Word Lutheran Service Book 655 | study by Marion Lars Hendrickson

Introduction Read the Sixth Petition of the Lord’s Prayer and its mean- ❚❚ What does it mean to “overcome them and win the ing from the Small Catechism (LSB, p. 324). victory”? Do they no longer touch a person of faith? ❚❚ Name some concrete examples of how “the devil, the world, and our sinful nature” attack a person of faith.

Exploring the Scriptures Read Jer. 23:16–29. ❚❚ In verses 16–17, why does the Lord warn the people not to Read Luke 12:49–56. listen to false prophets? ❚❚ How would you harmonize Jesus’ words in verse 51, “Do ❚❚ What is the great danger of listening to false prophets you think that I have come to give peace on earth? No, I (v. 27)? Where can such forgetting lead? tell you, but rather division,” with the song of the angels at His birth, “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth ❚❚ What do verses 19–20 suggest? Is there a connection peace” (Luke 2:14)? between these verses and the people listening to the false ❚ prophets? ❚ List some ways that the person and work of Jesus can be divisive today. Must these be divisive? Why or why not? Read Heb. 11:17–12:3. ❚❚ In verse 50 Jesus refers to a coming “baptism.” Since He ❚❚ What is the author’s point? was already baptized in the Jordan by John, what is He speaking about here? ❚❚ “By faith” is a recurring phrase throughout the list of the ❚ great works of God’s people of old. How do these two ❚ Why might He have more distress waiting for that words qualify and refine these great works? “baptism” than undergoing that “baptism”? ❚ ❚❚ Like St. Paul, the author of Hebrews begins chapter 12 ❚ How does Jesus’ “baptism” bring together both the with “therefore” in order to draw a conclusion. What is divisiveness and the peace inherent in His coming? his conclusion? ❚❚ In what ways might that “baptism” be the best sign for ❚❚ How are joy, shame and endurance (v. 2) held together in our times today (v. 56)? Jesus?

Exploring the Hymn Background enemies of the Gospel: “Lord, keep us in Thy Word and In the first part of the sixteenth century, not only was the work, / Restrain the murderous Pope and Turk, / Who fain young Lutheran church dealing with the conflicts of the would tear from off Thy throne / Christ Jesus, Thy beloved Reformation, but the Ottoman Empire was also making Son.” In time, these particular enemies became the more inroads onto the European continent. 1521 marked Luther’s general enemies of Christ’s Church, as shown in stanza 1. confrontation with the Holy Roman Empire at Worms, ❚❚ Who or what could be named today as enemies of Christ Germany. In 1530, the Lutherans presented their con- and His Church? fession to the Empire and to the Roman Catholic Church at Augsburg. Near the same time, Sultan Suleiman the ❚❚ Did you include yourself? Why or why not? Magnificent was leading the armies of the Ottoman Empire into the Kingdom of Hungary in 1526, attacking Hapsburg Luther viewed these threats as the harsh “rod” or discipline Vienna in 1529 and 1532, invading Moldavia in 1538 and of God, justly deserved by sinners (see AE 43:232). taking the twin Hungarian cities of Buda and Pest in 1541. ❚❚ How can the severe trials of life be God’s discipline? Is Luther included this joint threat in his hymn of discipline the same as punishment? Explain. 1541/1542. The opening stanza originally listed both

Proper 21A and 15C | Three-Year Lectionary 65 ❚❚ Where does a person of faith find hope under the “harsh ❚❚ Is He using the word “abide” in the same way St. John rod” of God? How does such hope sustain a person of does in his second epistle above? Different? faith in the midst of troubles? ❚❚ Read Jesus’ “High Priestly Prayer” in John 17. How do His words expand our understanding of abiding? Text The three stanzas of this hymn form a trinitarian prayer. In ❚❚ In verses 14–15, Jesus speaks of a consequence of our stanza 1, we implore God the Father to “keep” and to “curb.” abiding with Him. What is it? How does such hatred come about? ❚❚ Read Ps. 119:5–10. What keeps the psalmist steadfast (v. 5)? On what does he fix his eyes (v. 6)? What makes his ❚❚ In verse 14, Jesus’ prayer is similar to our prayer in this heart upright (v. 7)? hymn. Verses 17–19 tell us how God answers this prayer. How are we sanctified/consecrated by abiding with Christ ❚ ❚ Is this merely a matter of obedience to God’s Law? What in God’s Word? does verse 9 add to your answer? ❚❚ Read 2 John 9. What does it mean to “abide in the Stanza 3 draws the first two stanzas into a petition to the teaching of Christ”? What does it mean to “not abide” in Holy Spirit. that teaching? ❚❚ Read Eph. 4:1–6. Abiding with Christ becomes “walking” ❚❚ As he does in his first epistle, St. John writes of a in that calling. How are these two expressions the same? fellowship in this “abiding.” With whom? In what ways What are the hallmarks of such walking (vv. 2–3)? Are does this make “the teaching of Christ” also a “confessing such things the result of our walking or of the calling in of Christ” in faith? which we walk? Explain. ❚❚ These verses seem to address only the prayer of “keeping ❚❚ Stanza 3 implores the Spirit, “Send peace and unity on us steadfast.” In what ways do these verses from Psalm earth.” In what ways do the words of Ephesians 4 address 119 and 2 John also speak to our prayer for God’s the subject of peace? “curbing” work in this stanza? ❚❚ Who is the common element inhabiting and making possible the unity expressed in verses 4–6? Stanza 2 implores the defending work of Jesus, the Son. Read John 8:31. Jesus speaks about abiding. ❚❚ See also Rom. 5:3–5. How does our abiding (God with us, us with God, by His Spirit) yield the sequence of suffering, endurance, character and hope?

Making the Connection Luther wrote, Luther’s hymn is less about escape from troubles than it is “Jesus Christ, God’s Son, has by his most holy touch a cry for faithful endurance in the midst of troubles. What consecrated and hallowed all sufferings, even death difference does this make for us in living as Christians? itself, has blessed the curse, and has glorified shame and ❚❚ Where, then, does our hope lie in the midst of troubles? enriched poverty so that death is now a door to life, the curse a fount of blessing, and shame the mother of glory” (AE 42:141).

In Closing When we are tempted to discern God’s inscrutable will in Prayer the suffering of this world, the Small Catechism reminds us: Merciful Lord, cleanse and defend Your Church by the sac- “God’s will is done when He breaks and hinders every evil rifice of Christ. United with Him in Holy Baptism, give us plan and purpose of the devil, the world, and our sinful na- grace to receive with thanksgiving the fruits of His redeem- ture … and when He strengthens and keeps us firm in His ing work and daily follow in His way; through the same Word and faith until we die” (LSB, p. 324). Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 655. You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 15C).

Proper 21A and 15C | Three-Year Lectionary 66 Lord God, to Thee We Give All Praise Lutheran Service Book 522 | study by Thomas E. Lock

Introduction For this feast of the church year Martin Luther preached: ❚❚ The devil and his demons are angels who sinned against “Now, you have often heard that the devil is around God (2 Peter 2:4). With what power or might can people people everywhere, in palaces, in houses, in the field, on defend themselves against the evil spirits? What hope is the streets, in the water, in the forest, in fire; devils are there for Christians? everywhere. All they ever do is seek man’s destruction. … ❚❚ Are there events that have happened which reveal the Against such a malicious, spiteful, cunning enemy, who is destructive power of the devil and his crew? How have continually hounding us, God has appointed the beloved angels guarded people from such evil? angels, to keep watch so that where the devil suddenly comes and strikes with pestilence, with fire, with hail, and the like, an angel is there to counter it.”5

Exploring the Scriptures Who, or what, are angels? It is a common fallacy that angels into sin. But at Christ’s death and resurrection, what took are Christians who have died and been taken to heaven. As place according to Rev. 12:9? Where do Satan and his we will see, they are spirit beings who are in heaven along- demons now reside? Why should heaven rejoice and earth side God and His saints. fear at his descent? ❚❚ Read Matt. 18:10, a portion of the Holy Gospel for this ❚❚ Read Rev. 7:9–14. Besides the angels, who are present day. Who protects Christians? Where are they? Whose around the heavenly throne? face do they see? ❚❚ Who will judge the angels? The answer is given in 1 ❚❚ Read the Epistle for this day, Rev. 12:7–12. What took Cor. 6:2–3. How then is it possible for saints to become place? Who was the leader of the angels? In Job 1:6–12 angels? Doesn’t the fallacy of saints becoming angels we see that Satan had access to heaven even after his fall actually diminish the standing of saints?

Exploring the Hymn Background Melanchthon published this hymn in Latin in 1543. Since Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) was Luther’s right-hand it was in Latin, the hymn was to be used at the university man during the Reformation. Born as Philipp Schwartzerd and by the educated. In 1554 Melanchthon’s friend and in 1497, he was given the name Melanchthon (which is colleague, Paul Eber, made a German translation so that it Greek for “black earth,” the meaning of Schwartzerd in could be sung by the uneducated as well. Finally, this hymn German) by one of his teachers, Johannes Reuchlin. came to us in an English translation by Lutheran pastor Melanchthon was highly intellectual, even in his youth, Emanuel Cronenwett. having earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1511 and his ❚❚ Why was it important for the Latin version to be Master of Arts degree in 1514. In 1518 he accepted a call translated into German and English? to teach Greek and literature at Wittenberg University, Wittenberg, Germany. At Wittenberg he trained genera- Text tions of men how to be theologians through his compilation Stanza 1 of our hymn for today is a general thanksgiving to of texts under subject headings known as Loci communes God for the angels, based on Ps.103:20–22 and Matt. 18:10. theologici. Melanchthon also gave the church three of The remainder of the hymn explores why Christians thank the Lutheran Confessions, later contained in the Book of God for these angels. Concord, namely, the Augsburg Confession (1530), the Stanzas 2 and 3 speak of the nature of these angels of God. Apology of the Augsburg Confession (1531), and the Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope (1537). ❚❚ When Jesus spoke of the angels in Matthew 18, He was speaking from His own knowledge as God, and as He

5 Eugene F. A. Klug, ed., Sermons of Martin Luther [Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1996], 7:375–6.

St. Michael and All Angels, September 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 67 revealed in Ps.34:7. Read Ps.34:7. How is that verse like ❚❚ Read 1 Peter 5:8–9. How is the devil described? What the lines in stanza 3, “Their whole delight is but to be / does he seek? With Thee, Lord Jesus, and to keep / Thy little flock, Thy ❚❚ Read stanza 5 of our hymn. Against whom is the deceiver lambs and sheep”? of old fighting?

Stanzas 4–6 sing of the one against whom the angels need ❚❚ Read Rev. 20:1–2. Who is the dragon being bound? Who to defend the saints. does the binding? ❚ ❚ Read Eph. 6:10–12. How are the evil angels portrayed in Stanzas 7 and 8 conclude Melanchthon’s hymn. verse 12? ❚❚ Read the final two stanzas of the hymn. Who defeats our foe? What are Christians to do in return for this blessing?

Making the Connection Luther included morning and evening prayers in his Small God were not there [with His angels] all the time pre- Catechism. Both of these prayers include the sentence, “Let venting their occurrence, they would happen continu- Your holy angel be with me, that the evil foe may have no ously; and for this reason we ought to pray all the more power over me” (LSB, p. 327). diligently and thank God for such protection” (Sermons of ❚❚ Whom does God appoint to guard you from dangers of Martin Luther, 7:376). body and soul? Have you ever had a time when you might ❚❚ Have there been occurrences in your life in which one can have been injured or even died, but you escaped all harm? see God’s withholding of the protection by the angels? Explain what happened. Why would such a loving God allow terrorist attacks to occur in the United States and other countries? Luther preached: “[God] does at times permit us to experience such things[evil and harmful attacks], that we might learn, if

In Closing Why do Christians celebrate the Feast of St. Michael and ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 522. All Angels? Luther summed it up nicely in one of his sermons on this day, Prayer “This feast commemorating the angels has been placed in Everlasting God, You have ordained and constituted the the church’s calendar for the sake of our young people, or service of angels and men in a wonderful order. Mercifully more correctly, for the sake of all Christians, so that they grant that, as Your holy angels always serve and worship might train themselves to think about the beloved angels You in heaven, so by Your appointment they may also help and thank God for appointing these mighty lords to be and defend us here on earth; through Your Son, Jesus his servants for us” (Sermons of Martin Luther, 7:374–5). Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for St. Thanks be to God for appointing these ministering spirits Michael and All Angels). (Ps. 104:4 and Heb. 1:7).

St. Michael and All Angels, September 29 | Three-Year Lectionary 68 O Love, How Deep Lutheran Service Book 544 | study by Larry A. Peters

Introduction Two little words but on these words hang everything. Pro ❚❚ Luther says in his explanation to the Third Article of the nobis — for us. Faith is the key that opens to all that God Apostles’ Creed, “I believe that I cannot by own reason has said and done. For us. Not for principle or for His own or strength believe in Jesus Christ, my Lord, or come to satisfaction but for us and our salvation. Frame the whole Him; but the Holy Spirit has called me by the Gospel of the Christian message and the church year with this …” (LSB, p. 323). The whole of the Christian faith is just phrase, and you find yourself confronted with the ancient words until the Holy Spirit teaches us to confess, “For us, but ever fresh and new text that is our hymn. for me.” ❚❚ Think how these two words direct the faith we confess in the Nicene Creed. “Who for us men and for our salvation …” (LSB, p. 191). How significant are these two words?

Exploring the Scriptures The whole of Christ’s life and work are presented in the ❚❚ Read John 17:20–26. How does Jesus pray for us? New Testament and in this hymn. His incarnation, birth, ❚❚ The Passion takes up the majority of the Gospels. The Baptism, life, suffering, death and resurrection are read in story of Jesus’ betrayal, suffering, crucifixion and death Scripture, confessed in the creed and sung in this hymn. constitute the highest demonstration of God’s love for us. ❚❚ Read John 1:1–14. How does John tell us more of the Read Matt. 26–27. incarnation than the actual birth of Christ? ❚❚ How did Christ turn the cross from shame to glory? ❚❚ Read Heb. 2:9–10, 14–18. Why is Christ higher than the angels? Why did Christ come instead of an angel? Read The resurrection of Jesus was not for Him but for us, that Ps. 8:4–5. we might know with confidence that His Word is true and His work is complete. Read Phil. 2:5–11. The temptation of our Lord was not merely a little test, but ❚❚ How is Jesus’ ascension for us? What does the ascended the rerun of Eden without the fall. Read Matt. 4:1–11. Christ Lord do for us? was baptized for us, tempted like us and obedient for us. ❚❚ Note the work of the Spirit (John 14:16–17) whom the ❚ ❚ Do we value Christ’s righteous obedience as much as we Father sent in His name. How does the Spirit guide, value His suffering in our place? Should we? strengthen and cheer us? ❚❚ Christ’s obedient life is our gift as well as His obedient death. How can we say that His preaching, teaching, miracles and ministry were for us?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ How could this be a hymn for the whole church year? The rich liturgical resources of the Medieval Church have yielded a treasure of hymns and chant. This hymn is Text attributed to St. Thomas à Kempis (1380–1471) because it The first line and the final doxology are both drawn directly sounds like him; we do not know for sure that he was the from Scripture. Read Eph. 3:14–21, especially verse 18. author. It survives in but one source. St. ❚❚ How do we comprehend the expanse of God’s love? Thomas is known mostly for The Imitation of Christ. Originally twenty-three stanzas, it has generally been ❚❚ Faith is the highest form of worship. What does God published with only seven; the doxological stanza is from desire from us for all that Christ has done for us? another source. It leads us from the incarnation of our Lord through His Baptism, His obedient life, His life-giving St. Paul speaks of the unimaginable destiny that God has death and His glorious resurrection. prepared for those who love Him. The Savior whom we

Proper 22A | Three-Year Lectionary 69 meet in the manger is a gift and reality beyond comprehen- The ascension of our Lord and the sending of the Spirit of- sion or expectation. ten seem odd to us. Part of us would rather have Jesus here ❚❚ Though we do not know how the almighty God can wear walking and talking with us than the Spirit. human flesh, do we know why? ❚❚ How does it benefit us that Christ has sent His Spirit in ❚❚ God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself. How His name? What does the Spirit do for us? do we see the whole Trinity at work to save us? ❚❚ All the events of Jesus’ life are inseparably united as one saving work. Does it help us to see everything Christ has The Baptism of our Lord gets only a few short verses in the done as one complete action? Gospels, but it is where He began His public ministry and where He demonstrated what He had come to fulfill (all Note how the final doxological stanza connects right back righteousness for us). with stanza 1 and with Eph. 3:18. ❚❚ What does Jesus’ Baptism tell us of His purpose? ❚❚ Jesus said, “This is the work of God, that you believe in ❚❚ What does Jesus’ holy and obedient life do for us? him whom he has sent” (John 6:29). What does God seek from us? God used the wickedness of men who would crucify Jesus ❚❚ We confess in the Athanasian Creed that the catholic for our benefit. Read Acts 2:36; 4:10. (universal) faith is this: “that we worship one God in ❚❚ Did God know what was to happen? Trinity and Trinity in Unity …” (LSB, p. 319). We adore God by acknowledging what He has done and believing ❚❚ Did God plan our salvation? in Him whom He has sent as Savior and Redeemer. How ❚❚ When were these plans laid? Read Eph. 1:4; 1 Peter 1:20. does the repetition of “for us” throughout this hymn call us to this faith and worship?

Making the Connection We talk often about the need for faith to be personal. What rejoice and trust in His saving work. For us. We were in His does it mean to have a personal faith? It is easy to confuse mind and heart as He took on flesh, lived in holiness of life personal faith with intense emotion or sentiment. These and adopted our salvation as His purpose even to suffering come from and through our faith, but the personal nature and death on the cross. For me. Thanks be to God! of that faith is the work of the Holy Spirit, who leads us ❚❚ We say God is love, but the words are fulfilled in Christ. to see all Christ has done for us and to trust in His saving What does the love of God look like? work alone. This hymn uses that repeated expression to help us acknowledge, rejoice and boldly witness to all that ❚❚ This hymn was a fifteenth-century Latin text that was Christ has done for us and for the whole world. discovered some three hundred years later. Now we add One of the most profound gifts of this hymn is the way our voices to those who sang it before us. The hymn will the words confront us with all that Christ did — from His be taught to those who come after us. What unites us incarnation to His suffering to His death on the cross to His with those who went before, and what will unite us to resurrection from the dead to His exalted reign as Lord of those who follow us? all. While it is certainly true that our Lord did all of this to ❚❚ How does it impact you when you think of those who fulfill the prophetic word and to accomplish God’s plan of once sang of Christ for us and who will sing in the future salvation, He also sent us His Holy Spirit so that faith may the same words that we sing?

In Closing The words “for us” seem so small, but it took the Holy Spirit Prayer to teach them to us. It took the Spirit to build faith in our Gracious God, You gave Your Son into the hands of sin- hearts to believe that Christ was incarnate and He accom- ful men who killed Him. Forgive us when we reject Your plished salvation for us. Faith is not something small. It is unfailing love, and grant us the fullness of Your salvation; deep and profound. It requires the full resources of God through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and to bring us to faith, keep us in faith and teach us the joy of reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and love high enough, deep enough and broad enough to save forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 22A). sinners like us. ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 544.

Proper 22A | Three-Year Lectionary 70 A Multitude Comes from the East and the West Lutheran Service Book 510 | study by Marion Lars Hendrickson

Introduction In the Early Church, the believers “devoted themselves to of the Christian fellowship lives between the Word and the the apostles’ teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking Sacrament, anticipating with eager expectation the glorious of bread and the prayers” (Acts 2:42). It is revealing within wedding feast of heaven. that description that the fellowship of the believers is found ❚❚ The first man, Adam, was alone until God created between the Word and the Lord’s Supper. This is true for Eve. Who has God created as the bride for the Second the Christian congregation still today. Fellowship always Adam, Jesus? springs forth from the Gospel of Christ and finds its fulfillment in the Sacrament of His body and blood. The whole ❚❚ Why is the Christian never alone?

Exploring the Scriptures This hymn is appointed for three different Sundays in the between faith and the sinful nature, a struggle that the church year. While the Gospel Readings for each of these Lord’s call produces in the human heart. Sundays are different, the three also bear similarities. ❚❚ What does the master of the house mean when he says, “I Read Matt. 22:1–14 (for Proper 23A). In the banquet do not know where you come from” (v. 26)? parable Jesus urges His listeners to repent. The generosity of the king’s invitation is matched with the severity of the ❚❚ A multitude joins the patriarchs in the kingdom of God, king’s judgment. but some will be cast out (v. 28). Who are the first? Who are the last (v. 30)? Why? ❚ ❚ What does the king do in response to the rejection of his Read Luke 14:15–24 (for Trinity 2). This is a banquet invitation (v. 7)? parable that begins with a blessing (v. 15) and ends with a ❚❚ What made the initial recipients of the king’s invitation warning (v. 24). unworthy to attend (v. 8)? ❚❚ In verse 17 the master’s invitation says, “Come, for everything is now ready.” Do the invited guests have any Read Luke 13:22–30 (for Proper 16C). In this banquet para- requirement to fulfill in order to attend? ble Jesus speaks of the struggle of repentance. The struggle is not in getting through the narrow door itself, but rather ❚❚ From his words in verse 23, what is the master’s desire for this banquet?

Exploring the Hymn Background that comes in Christ to the penitent. It is because of Christ’s Magnus Brostrup Landstad (1802–80) knew human suffer- lavish grace that Landstad wrote how he was always eager ing and the trials of life by personal experience. He grew up to sing a penitential hymn with joy. in the far north of Norway, a place of solitude, storm and ❚❚ St. Paul wrote, “For when I am weak, then I am strong” darkness. War, hunger and inflation added to the trials of (2 Cor. 12:10). What does he mean? his childhood. Not surprisingly, Landstad could long for heaven, as he writes in this hymn, when “all trials shall be In many ways Landstad writes his hymns for a pilgrim on like a dream that is past” (st. 3). his or her way toward heaven. While he writes about storms ❚❚ How do times of trial change in faith, when we consider and trials, it is not to use fear to drive the pilgrim onward. that Christ comes to share them with us? Rather, Landstad’s portrayal of the pilgrim way is one of an eager longing and a hopeful expectation for that which Landstad also put into poetic expression the deprivations lies ahead. of sin that the faithful can see within themselves. Called a ❚❚ St. Paul wrote, “One thing I do: forgetting what lies “penitential hymn poet,” Landstad could plumb the depths behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, I press of repentance in a hymn such as “To Thee, Omniscient Lord on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God of All” (LSB 613). Yet this hymn of repentance does not in Christ Jesus” (Phil. 3:13–14). How is it only the grace of dwell so much on the sorrow of the repentant as on the joy

Proper 23A, 16C and the Second Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 71 God in Jesus Christ that allows us to say this along with ❚❚ Does the hymn limit saving faith to the New Testament the apostle? saints? Read Hebrews 11.

Text Stanza 2 sings of God as the Shepherd of His people. Read While the three parables discussed above all have the Ps. 107:2–9 and compare the imagery with Psalm 23. elements of blessing and judgment, the hymn text focuses ❚❚ What is the urgency described in stanza 2 (“while there is solely on the blessing of the Lord’s invitation. time”)? ❚❚ In the distinction between Law and Gospel — the Law commands but cannot give; the Gospel bestows what Stanzas 3 and 4 carry the singer to the communion of it promises — how is this focus on the blessing in the saints in glory, where “all trials shall be like a dream that is parable a focus on the Gospel itself? past,” where “the blest” receive the crown of life. Read Rev. 7:9–17 and Rev. 2:10. Read the closing refrain, “Have mercy upon us, O Jesus!” in ❚❚ Is the Sacrament of the Altar also a sharing in the eternal light of the hymn’s focus on the blessing of the invitation. feast? Why or why not? ❚ ❚ Is this repeated refrain a confession of sin or a cry for ❚❚ How does the promise of life forever with Christ, given in help in need? What difference does this make? the Lord’s Supper, sustain us now in our times of trial?

Stanza 1 also draws upon Matt. 8:11–12. Commending the ❚❚ What would you say in response to the skeptic who faith of the Roman centurion, Jesus includes this Gentile understands these stanzas only as “pie in the sky”? Read Roman among those reclining at table with Abraham, Isaac St. Paul’s response in 1 Cor. 15:12–34. and Jacob.

Making the Connection The sick person, the one who endures persecution for his or ❚❚ What are some of the challenges when pondering the her faith, the prisoner, the lonely and many other sufferers Christian fellowship on earth in light of the fellowship of each see in a fellow Christian the presence of the gracious saints in heaven? God. Both the one who visits and the one who is visited ❚❚ Stanza 4 says, “the heavens … ring with an anthem more recognize each other as “little Christs” (Luther’s term) of grand /Than ever on earth was recorded.” Name two or the Christ who is present with each and, more so, with both three temptations to despair because of the weaknesses together. of the earthly fellowship of believers. In what way is the ❚❚ What does a Christian lose when he absents himself from earthly fellowship the means to sustain one another in the fellowship of believers in worship? those temptations to despair? ❚❚ Does the blessing of Christian fellowship deny a blessing to Christian solitude? Why or why not?

In Closing Jesus promised His fellowship of disciples “… that where I Prayer am you may be also” and “I will not leave you as orphans” Almighty God, You invite us to trust in You for our salva- (John 14:3, 18). So we Lutherans believe, teach and confess tion. Deal with us not in the severity of Your judgment but that one Holy Church will remain forever. The Church is by the greatness of Your mercy; through Jesus Christ, Your the assembly of believers among whom the Gospel is purely Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy taught and the Sacraments are rightly administered ac- Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper cording to that Gospel (see AC VII). 23). ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 510.

Proper 23A, 16C and the Second Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 72 Holy God, We Praise Thy Name Lutheran Service Book 940 | study by Randall P. Wurschmidt

Introduction “Therefore with angels and archangels and with all the invited to join in when we sing the Te Deum, the Sanctus company of heaven we laud and magnify Your glorious (“Holy, Holy, Holy”) and other hymns of praise. name, evermore praising You and saying …” (LSB p. 208). ❚❚ What comfort can Christians draw from knowing that These words from the Divine Service remind us that we they are not worshiping alone but are part of a great are never alone when we worship God. There is an unend- multitude of believers? ing song of praise around the throne of heaven, and we are

Exploring the Scriptures The Book of Revelation gives us a look into the ongoing Now read Rev. 7:9–12, one of a series of scenes set around reality of heaven and the music that accompanies the saints the throne of God. Here we are privileged to be given a brief around the throne. We especially see this in chapters 4, 5 glimpse into heaven. In singing this hymn, we join with the and 7. The picture here is one of constant praise and adora- great multitude worshiping the Lamb who is in the midst of tion. We praise God in response to what He has done. Read the throne. Ps. 105:1–4. ❚❚ In this passage, we are told everything about the who, ❚❚ What are some of the deeds and wondrous works that the what, where, when and why of worship. Can you answer psalm lists as reasons to give thanks? each of those questions? ❚❚ How does this compare to some other psalms? Read, for example, Ps. 30:1–4 and Ps. 111:2–9. Why do we praise Him?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ What other parts of the liturgy similarly confess what Christians have been singing the hymn Te Deum laudamus Christians believe? (Latin for “We Praise You, O God”) for many centuries. Text Legend attributes it to St. Ambrose and St. Augustine on We have in this hymn all the imagery of the throne of heav- the occasion of the latter’s Baptism (in AD 387). It is said en and its attributes. The angels, apostles, prophets and that they improvised it, each man contributing a line at a martyrs are singing in “unceasing chorus” (st. 2); we are time. Its true origin remains obscure, but modern scholar- invited to join this throng in their song of praise. ship puts its composition in the fifth century. Later the text ❚❚ How is the reign of God in heaven described in the was expanded by adding two more stanzas to the end. first stanza? The Te Deum is commonly sung during the morning service called “Matins” (see LSB, p. 223), where its function ❚❚ The second stanza repeats a scene from the Old is somewhat like a creed. The hymn “Holy God, We Praise Testament. Compare this stanza to Is. 6:2–3. Thy Name” is a version of the Te Deum; rather than being in chant form like the original, it is set as a typical hymn, Read Rev. 5:9–10. with rhymes and a regular meter (see LSB 941 for another ❚❚ What is meant by “a new song”? To whom is it sung? example). Like the creeds, this hymn makes a statement ❚❚ Keeping that in mind, what does it mean at the end of the of faith. When we sing it, we are singing what we believe third stanza that “Through the Church the song goes on”? about God. Looking at Divine Service, Setting One, read through the Stanza 4 is a key stanza in which we confess who Christ is. two Hymns of Praise options (LSB, pp. 154–55). ❚❚ Compare the Second Article of the Nicene Creed with ❚❚ How do these two hymns also function as a creed? this stanza. See the footnote in your hymnal explaining the word “tributary.”

Proper 24A | Three-Year Lectionary 73 The following two questions apply to stanzas 6 and 7 of LSB ❚❚ Stanza 6 continues with a creedal statement about 940, not found in your hymnal but printed in this study for Christ’s return. How does this compare to what we find in your convenience: the Nicene Creed? 6 From Thy high celestial home, ❚❚ Stanza 7 is quite different from all the others. How is it Judge of all, again returning, different? We believe that Thou shalt come On that final judgment morning, The hymn closes with a doxological stanza, that is, one When Thy voice shall shake the earth that praises the Holy Trinity. Some congregations stand for And the startled dead come forth. these (which is why there is a triangle marking this stanza). 7 Spare Thy people, Lord, we pray, Because of its clear teaching on the Trinity, this would be By a thousand snares surrounded; an excellent hymn to sing on Trinity Sunday. Keep us without sin today, ❚❚ Name some other occasions or days in the Church Year Never let us be confounded. when this hymn might be especially appropriate. Lo, I put my trust in Thee; Never, Lord, abandon me.

Making the Connection “Holy God, We Praise Thy Name” is a strong hymn that the Gates,” especially the third stanza). Notice that in reinforces for singers (and listeners) our salvation history; the Sanctus, we sing some of the same words as we do in it doesn’t just praise God, but tells us why we praise God. It “Holy God.” also tells us who is praising Him, what such praise consists The “white-robed martyrs” (st. 3) remind us of our of, where it is happening and when. Especially, we confess Baptism, in which we are clothed with the robe of Christ’s that by His death and resurrection Jesus has “opened heav’n righteousness that covers all our sin (see LSB, p. 271). As to faith” (st. 4). baptized children of God, we look forward to the day when The Lord’s Supper similarly opens a window into heav- we will stand with the rest of the throng around the throne en for us to see and join in (see LSB 639, “We Open Stand of heaven.

In Closing Martin Luther considered the Te Deum to be a creed on Prayer the level of the Apostles’ and Athanasian Creeds. He so Almighty and everlasting God, You knit together Your admired it that he made his own translation into German, faithful people of all times and places into one holy commu- which was widely used. “Holy God, We Praise Thy Name” is nion, the mystical body of Your Son, Jesus Christ. Grant us possibly the most popular setting of the Te Deum: it is used so to follow Your blessed saints in all virtuous and godly liv- by most denominations; it was sung at the funeral of John ing that, together with them, we may come to the unspeak- F. Kennedy. It binds us together with Christians who have able joys You have prepared for those who love You; through sung it for hundreds of years, and it binds us together with Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and all the company of heaven who sing it now. the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 940. for All Saints’ Day).

Proper 24A | Three-Year Lectionary 74 O God of God, O Light of Light Lutheran Service Book 810 | study by David R. Schmitt

Introduction An artist once made a pair of banners that hung from the the banner, beginning at the top, moving to the bottom and ceiling to the floor, framing a stone altar in the front of returning to the top once again. A ribbon of praise. a church. With these banners, an artist created a vision of the If you look at the banners from the back of the church, Church. From the world, the Church can often look like they look like two plain panels of red. As you move into the an ordinary gathering of people, a plain piece of fabric. church, however, the vision changes. But when you enter into the congregation and participate When you are about halfway down the aisle you notice in worship, you begin to see what God has done. God has that the banners aren’t plain at all but have words on them. gathered people from all parts of the world and woven them Because the letters are the same color as the panels, at together in His Son, Jesus Christ. These people hear a song first you did not see them. About halfway down the aisle, of praise that begins in heaven, comes to earth, where they however, you read the word “Alleluia.” An altar framed with join their voices and then returns to heaven once again. alleluias. What this artist did with fabric, this hymn does with When you reach the front of the church you see that the words and music. It brings to our lips a song of heaven and banners are not plain panels of cloth at all; they are a weav- teaches us to join the angels in praise. ing together of various fabrics all the same color. Bits of felt ❚❚ When artists paint visions of heaven, they usually picture are woven with burlap, satin with velvet, to make two large angels singing. Why? panels bearing the word “Alleluia.” Finally, when you kneel at the Communion rail, you see a ribbon running through ❚❚ When you think about the content of our singing in worship, could the angels join us in song? Why or why not?

Exploring the Scriptures In Revelation, the apostle John records a vision of heaven, ❚❚ After the angels sing, all of creation joins the song of where angels join their voices in song before the throne of praise. Who does John tell us is singing and how does God. Read Rev. 5:11–12. that help us understand the extent of Jesus’ rule? ❚❚ Why do the angels call Jesus the Lamb? Compare John ❚❚ How does this give deeper meaning to those times in 1:29 and Exodus 12. worship when we sing “This Is the Feast”? ❚❚ Why is this Lamb’s death of such great value to the angels? See Luke 15:1–7. In John’s vision, all creation joins in one eternal song, praising God for His saving work in Jesus, the one whose death Moving outward from this angelic song, we notice that it and resurrection save us from our sin. Until the return of is part of a much larger event of singing, as one song leads Christ, however, this contagious song is not being fully sung into another and that song leads into yet another song. on earth. Read Rom. 8:18–25 to see how the apostle Paul Read Rev. 5:6–10, 13–14. describes creation’s current song. ❚ ❚❚ Before the angels sing, the elders greet the presence of the ❚ What is the sound one hears from creation? risen Christ by remembering what He has done. What ❚❚ Why is creation groaning rather than singing? has Jesus done that the elders celebrate in song?

Exploring the Hymn Background Julian wrote this hymn for the Sheffield Church Choirs John Julian (1839–1913), an Anglican priest, is best known Union Festival on April 16, 1883. not for his hymn writing but for his writing on hymns. ❚❚ What are some reasons churches have choir festivals? During his lifetime, he published an extensive Dictionary of Hymnology that is still in use today. How fitting then that ❚❚ What are some reasons people go to these festivals? the one hymn by Julian in LSB is a hymn about singing.

St. Luke, Evangelist, October 18 | Three-Year Lectionary 75 ❚❚ What reasons does Julian’s hymn offer for holding and waiting with the sudden appearance of the angels teaching participating in a choir festival? the shepherds to sing at the birth of Christ. ❚❚ How did Gen. 3:15 begin a long period of waiting for our The choir festival for which Julian wrote this hymn was “coming Lord”? held on the Monday following the Fourth Sunday of Easter. ❚❚ The angels are messengers of God, bringing the good ❚ ❚ How does Julian’s hymn relate to the Church’s celebration news of salvation to the shepherds. How did hearing that of Easter? message make the shepherds messengers as well (cf. Luke ❚❚ How does Julian’s hymn look forward to the Church’s 2:8–20)? upcoming celebration of the Ascension? In the third stanza, the hymn teaches us to be messengers Text of the Good News as we sing of salvation in the life, death, Like the artist’s banner, Julian’s hymn begins with a song resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ. of praise sung eternally (“forever rings”) in heaven (st. 1). As ❚❚ Compare the first four lines of this stanza with the you read the first stanza, notice how the words shift from earliest Christian preaching of the Good News in Acts describing something that happens in heaven (“The song 2:22–24 and 32–33. How is preaching part of the of praise forever rings”) to inviting something to happen Church’s song of praise? on earth (“To Him … Be all the glory … All thanks and praise”). ❚❚ The stanza closes with a moment of anxious anticipation (“Lift up your heads”) sung by angels and humans. What ❚ ❚ What is the primary reason the angels give such praise to do we await (cf. Rev. 21:1–8)? Jesus (cf. line 6 of vs. 1)? ❚❚ How do we join them in giving glory, thanks and praise to In the fourth stanza, this heavenly song now rises from Jesus Christ in worship? In the world? earth and returns to heaven, so that human voices join angelic choirs in a song of praise that never ends. In the second stanza, this angelic song enters into the fallen ❚❚ How have you participated in that song this past world. The hymn contrasts the long period of prophetic week? Today?

Making the Connection This hymn is appointed for the Church’s celebration of and become our song as we praise God for what He is doing St. Luke, the Evangelist. Luke records many of the songs in Christ among us today. of praise that people sang when God worked salvation in ❚❚ Read the Nunc Dimittis (Luke 2:29–32) and share with Jesus Christ in their midst. Those songs of praise are now one another a phrase from Simeon’s song that expresses included in our services of worship (the Magnificat, the your praise to God for what He has done for you and for Gloria in Excelsis, the Benedictus and the Nunc Dimittis) others in the Lord’s Supper.

In Closing While your congregation may not have the banner de- Prayer scribed in the opening of this study, you do have the work God of majesty, whom saints and angels delight to worship of faithful artists who have listened to the songs of angels in heaven, be with Your servants who make art and music and put the story of our world’s salvation in Jesus Christ for Your people that with joy we on earth may glimpse Your into words for you to sing on earth. As the angels taught the beauty. Bring us to the fulfillment of that hope of perfection shepherds to join in heaven’s praise (Luke 2:13–14 and 20), that will be ours as we stand before Your unveiled glory; so too our hymns now teach us to join the angels as we through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen (For church musi- raise our voices and sing back to heaven what has first been cians and artists, LSB, p. 307). given to us. ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 810.

St. Luke, Evangelist, October 18 | Three-Year Lectionary 76 I Want to Walk as a Child of the Light Lutheran Service Book 411 | study by Charles Gustafson

Introduction Edith Wharton, Pulitzer Prize winner for fiction, once ❚❚ What light has Jesus shed upon our world? quipped, “There are two ways of spreading light: to be the ❚❚ Do you think that being a child of the light is the ability to 6 candle or the mirror that reflects it.” Today’s hymn ex- reflect the light of Christ or the simple emanating of His presses the desire to be able to shine with a special light, the light from within? Is there a difference? light of Christ Jesus.

Exploring the Scriptures The main text for this hymn is 2 Cor. 4:4–6. Take a mo- Another Scripture noted as a basis for this hymn is 1 John ment to read the text. Paul talks about God and what He 1:5. It states that God is light. has done. ❚❚ What does it mean to you that God is light? ❚ ❚ How has “the god of this world” (Satan) kept people from ❚❚ Does the presence of light mean that there can be no seeing the light of the Gospel? darkness at all? ❚❚ What darkness is Paul referring to in verse 6, and what does it mean for you personally that God has power over If you read further in 1 John 1, you will notice how the met- cosmic darkness? aphors of light and darkness are being used. ❚❚ According to verse 5, for whose benefit is it that God ❚❚ For what is light a metaphor? would allow His light to shine though us? ❚❚ For what is darkness a metaphor? ❚❚ What determines with whom we have fellowship?

Exploring the Hymn Background Brownouts can cause a sense of fear, especially at night Often, in the confrontations with everyday living, we allow when there is no natural light available. They can remind our minds to travel into realms of thought we call “medita- us of how all of life would be if we were always living in tion.” These periods can come at designated times or they darkness. can be given to us from the Spirit of God as we are attempt- ❚❚ List several things that bother you when the lights go out. ing to achieve some goal or task. Kathleen Thomerson, author of this hymn, was packing ❚❚ How does the appearance of light change those things, to take her mother and family to Houston, Texas, to get and how do you feel when things are changed because of away from the heat and darkness caused by the rolling the appearance of light? brownouts of St. Louis, Missouri. Once in Houston she would find air conditioning and comfort in the home of her Text mother. It was during the business of packing for the trip The hymn text seems to have a very personal quality to it that her mind wandered and the words of the hymn text as each stanza begins with the first-person singular. There began to form. The completion of the text happened after is a sense of personal desire captured in the words, “I want they all arrived at the relief of familiar surroundings. to” along with the constant references to “my” in the hymn writer’s poetry. ❚❚ Do you believe that God can speak to you at any time? ❚❚ Do you find your faith and its expression to be something ❚ ❚ Can you give any examples of God speaking to people in quite personal, or is it public, or is it both? Explain how Scripture when they were least expecting any voice at all? your faith can be both. (Cf. 1 Samuel 3.) The very first stanza draws from 2 Cor. 4:6, which recalls for the reader Gen. 1:1–3, 14–19.

6 “Edith Warton Quotes,” Goodreads, accessed June 28, 2018, goodreads.com/author/quotes/16.Edith_Wharton.

Proper 25A | Three-Year Lectionary 77 ❚❚ Why do you think that God gave light to the world? ❚❚ How does the “Sun of Righteousness” show us the way to ❚❚ Is darkness something associated with chaos (“without the Father? What healing must take place before we can form and void,” Gen. 1:2)? come to the Father?

❚❚ Is there a different type of darkness still causing chaos The final stanza speaks to the Last Day, the coming of within our world today? What forms might the darkness Christ. Until that time comes, the letter to the Hebrews take on? (12:1–2) reminds us to persevere in running the race of life ❚❚ In John 8:12 Jesus calls Himself “the light of the world.” before us. The hymn writer was reflecting upon this concept How does Jesus deal with different forms of darkness when she penned, “When we have run with patience the mentioned in your answer to the previous question? race” (st. 3). ❚❚ How do you show patience in running the race? The second verse draws upon the image in Mal. 4:2, which ❚ reminds us that the “sun of righteousness shall rise with ❚ How does looking to Jesus help you to persevere in healing in its wings.” This image is also called upon in a running or continuing on instead of giving in or quitting? popular Christmas hymn, “Hark! The Herald Angels Sing.”

Making the Connection The refrain of the hymn is the unifying and foundational ❚❚ How does the one who separated the darkness, and theme for the hymn. It points out the object of our faith the one who was at the beginning, who became flesh, as well as its substance. The hymn engages themes of bring His light into our lives? Is it through His Word? Epiphany (the manifestation of Jesus), Advent (the com- Is it through Baptism? Is it through the Eucharist? Is ing of the Christ at the parousia) and justification and it through the consolation of the brethren? Are these sanctification. Gospel tools meaningful to you? ❚❚ Which of the themes speaks the loudest to you as you consider the hymn as a whole? In the Small Catechism, Luther reminds the Church that the Holy Spirit “has called me by the Gospel … in the same The refrain encourages us to confess the purity of Christ way He calls, gathers, enlightens, and sanctifies the whole and the power of His perfect love, which is light to the Christian Church on earth, and keeps it with Jesus Christ world. The author calls upon imagery from Revelation that in the one true faith” (LSB, p. 323). confirms the truth that this light never goes out but shines ❚❚ Can you walk as a child of the light without “the Light” as forever and ever. The refrain nuances in poetic form what a part of your life? St. Paul reminds the Ephesians, “that Christ may dwell in ❚❚ In the end, is the desire to walk as a child of the light a your hearts through faith” (3:17a). response to God’s grace already at work in you and begun at Baptism?

In Closing It is said that the tune for this song has a childlike simplic- ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 411. ity. There is another song which has been sung by children for years and has endeared itself to the hearts of many. It is Prayer called “This Little Gospel Light of Mine.” O God, You have commanded us to love You above all ❚❚ Take some time to remember the first verse of this things and our neighbors as ourselves. Grant us the Spirit to childhood song, sing it and compare it to the refrain from think and do what is pleasing in Your sight, that our faith in the hymn being studied. Consider the differences and You may never waver and our love for one another may not similarities between the two. falter; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and ❚❚ Finally, write a list of the ways you are going to let the forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 25A). light of Christ shine through your heart today and through the days to follow until the next time you meet.

Proper 25A | Three-Year Lectionary 78 The Law of God Is Good and Wise Lutheran Service Book 579 | study by Shawn L. Kumm

Introduction People look in mirrors to make sure everything is in place ❚❚ Where in the liturgy does the Law do its “mirror” work? — coiffed hair, straight tie, no spinach in the teeth. A mirror doesn’t lie. It simply reflects back what is before it. “Law” in the broad, wide sense means the entire Word “Mirror, mirror, on the wall.…” Well, you know how the of God. In the proper, narrow sense, “Law” means God’s rest goes. The answer from the mirror is honest, too honest perfect word of demand or requirement. Fallen humanity is in fact, for the person looking in. The message from the incapable of keeping the Law. mirror is difficult to bear. It is brutal, disturbing — and “Gospel” in the broad, wide sense means the entire Word true. So is the Law of God when it acts as a mirror before of God; the term also refers collectively and individually our sin. We are shown exactly what we look like — fallen, to Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. In the proper, narrow soiled, sinful. This is not good news. sense, “Gospel” means the work of Jesus Christ especially ❚❚ When has a mirror been helpful to you? When has it not? upon the cross for the forgiveness of sins for all humanity, which is a free, unearned and undeserved gift.

Exploring the Scriptures The Gospel appointed for today and this hymn are suited ❚❚ Jesus quotes these words from Ps. 110:1, “The Lord said well for each other. Read Matt. 22:34–46. to my Lord. …” Who is the second “Lord” David writes ❚❚ In verse 36, does the lawyer ask a Law question or a about? Jesus answered the Pharisees’ question. Why Gospel question? How does Jesus do on the answer? couldn’t the Pharisees answer His? In what way was the lawyer’s question a “dead-end” ❚❚ How does the third line from verse 44, “until I put your question? enemies under your feet,” fulfill Gen. 3:15? How does the ❚❚ Jesus always asks the perfectly timed and most fitting cross become evident in this? questions. In verses 42–45, does Jesus ask Law questions or Gospel questions?

Exploring the Hymn Background encouragement of pastors prepared Loy for a distinguished Though born into an impoverished family, Matthias Loy career not only as a pastor himself, but as a writer, editor, (1828–1915) was not poor in the Christian faith. His father professor and president of both a seminary and his church showed no interest to his Christian upbringing, but Loy’s body, the Ohio Synod. mother, in the way of Lois and Eunice with Timothy (2 Tim. ❚❚ In what ways is a pastor’s encouragement to young men 1:5), brought the riches of the Word of God to Loy’s ears and to become pastors important? heart. He also received instruction in “the Bible in minia- ture,” that is, Luther’s Small Catechism. Text ❚❚ If you were so blessed to learn God’s Word at a young age, The Law is understood to have three purposes. The first what have been some of the benefits to you? three stanzas of LSB 579 follow this classic Lutheran under- ❚❚ What challenges continue to exist in bringing God’s Word standing of the Law. to the ears and hearts of children? Stanzas 1 and 4 both describe the Law used as a curb. This is the Law that still exists, albeit imperfectly, in the The influence of the Small Catechism is later shown not hearts of all people. This use of the Law keeps society from only in the hymns Loy wrote but also the hymns he chose disintegrating. See 1 Tim. 1:9 and Rom. 2:14–15. to translate from German into English (for those included ❚❚ So, you’re driving down the street. What benefit is the in LSB, see p. 1000 of the hymnal). His apprenticeship in street curb to you? his early teen years to a printer, his studies in Latin and ❚❚ In what ways does the first use of the Law serve you? Greek, his bilingual skills in German and English and the

Proper 25A | Three-Year Lectionary 79 Stanza 2 and 5 both describe the Law used as a mirror. This what we could not and cannot do. See Heb. 11:6; John 15:5; is the use described in the introduction above. See Rom. and John 6:63. 3:20–26 and James 2:10. ❚❚ According to Rom. 7:20–8:14, upon whose help does St. ❚❚ How does Loy use the words of stanza 2 to convey the Paul depend? In what ways do St. Paul’s words describe Law as a mirror? your own baptismal life? ❚❚ With which words in stanza 5 does Loy use the language of Rom. 3:20–26? Even though Matthias Loy wrote a separate hymn to describe and teach the Gospel (LSB 580), in this hymn (LSB Stanza 3 describes the Law used as a guide. Here, though, 579) he does not risk leaving you with only the Law. we need to remember that the proper keeping of the Law ❚❚ In what ways does stanza 6 bring you the clear Gospel? by God’s people only comes after the forgiveness of sins, the ❚❚ How clearly does this stanza reflect the following clear and certain Gospel of the death and resurrection of passages: Eph. 2:8–9; Rom. 10:4; and Ps. 32:1–2? Jesus Christ, grounded in the fact that our Savior has done

Making the Connection The person in the mirror who is perfect is none other than ❚❚ In addition to its place as the hymn of the day, where your Savior Christ Jesus. What is shown is disturbing and else in a worship service would be a good place to sing brutal in another way. We are shown the Son of God beaten, this hymn, “The Law of God Is Good and Wise?” Discuss battered and crucified on a cross for us, for you. The de- the merits of singing this hymn as an opening hymn, a mands of God’s perfect Law were exacted upon the perfect distribution hymn or as a closing hymn. Son of God, who kept the Law perfectly for you and for me. ❚❚ Discuss this hymn in light of Baptism, Absolution and the That is Good News; that is the Gospel. Lord’s Supper. What comfort do you receive from each of these Means of Grace when confronted with the Law?

In Closing The proper distinction of Law and Gospel is a most precious And so it is taught, preserved — and reflected in this hymn! doctrine to Evangelical Lutherans. The Formula of Concord ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 579. Also consider confesses: singing Loy’s “The Gospel Shows the Father’s Grace” (LSB “The doctrines of the Law and the Gospel may not be 580) as the complement to “The Law of God Is Good mixed and confused with each other. What belongs to the and Wise.” one may not be applied to the other. When that happens Christ’s merit and benefits are easily hidden and the Prayer Gospel is again turned into a doctrine of the Law, as hap- O God, You have commanded us to love You above all pened in the papacy. things and our neighbors as ourselves. Grant us the Spirit to For then Christians are deprived of the true comfort think and to do what is pleasing in Your sight, that our faith they have in the Gospel against the Law’s terrors, and in You may never waver and our love for one another may the door is again opened in God’s Church to the papacy. not falter; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who Therefore, the true and proper distinction between the lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now Law and the Gospel must be taught and preserved with and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 25A). all diligence” (FC SD V 27, p. 557).

Proper 25A | Three-Year Lectionary 80 Praise the Almighty Lutheran Service Book 797 | study by Bernard J. Schey

Introduction In recent years many churches have popularized anthems ❚❚ Do our souls always praise the Lord God? Do we praise for worship known as “praise songs.” Actually, one would Him for all things? How do we know that our praises are be hard pressed to find a hymn worth the name that isn’t a acceptable to Him? See Rom. 8:26–30; Heb.10:19–25. “praise song.” A good hymn to Christ is not only filled with ❚❚ What is the relationship of text/words to melody in a happy thoughts; the reality of sin and death are featured hymn? Could some hymns be better matched when their in them as well, along with the grand victory of the cross words and tune are compared? of Jesus.

Exploring the Scriptures The last five psalms in the Book of Psalms each begin will bring about a golden age of purity, wealth, peace and with the Hebrew word “Hallelujah!” (meaning “Praise the well-being. However, verses 3 and 4 of Psalm 146 put that Lord!”). Hence, they are called the “Final Hallel” psalms. idea out of reach. But grand assurances are given to those This hymn, “Praise the Almighty,” is a loose paraphrase of who cannot well defend or even speak for themselves. See Psalm 146, the first of that group of five psalms. verses 7–9. If we take political campaigns too seriously, we might ❚❚ Which sorts of people are included in that group in our begin to believe that electing just the right candidates own day and time?

Exploring the Hymn Background In stanza 2, we are reminded again of the limited nature Johann Daniel Herrnschmidt (1675–1723) came from a of earthly help. Certainly God has established govern- small town in southwestern Germany and spent time there ments and other authorities for our benefit and protection as a parish pastor. He concluded his career as a professor at (Romans 13), but they all must yield to Christ when it the University of Halle, in Halle, Germany, the center of the comes time to answer concerns over eternal life. Pietist Movement among German Lutherans. This school ❚❚ How does Jesus teach that the powers of this world have of thought began over concern that people weren’t being clear limits? See John 18:35–38; 19:10–11. taught or encouraged to lead a devout, Christlike life. While this inconsistency is a concern of every child of God in any Stanza 3 encourages us to trust above all things in God, age (Romans 7), the Pietists sought to address it wrongly who alone can keep us in faith in Him until our lives end, when they tried to motivate by means of the Law rather and who will not let any of His children slip away. See John than the Gospel. Yet the Pietists had their strengths, and 10:27–30. this hymn is an example of a zealous song of praise from the sincere heart of a teacher and pastor. ❚❚ Jesus fulfilled Psalm 1 perfectly. How do we now follow in His steps in the words of this, the first of the 150 psalms? ❚❚ When any one of us is prompted to write down a prayer or song of praise, even a few words long, is that a valid The poor in spirit (Matt. 5:3) are those who know their sin confession of faith? Why must the Scriptures be our guide all too well and cry for mercy from God Himself. They cry in such confessions or prayers? for mercy and God Himself answers them with the assurance of the cross and resurrection of Jesus (Gal. 6:14). Text Stanza 4 addresses this desperate need. Our prayer as Christians for steadfastness in faith to the point of death is expressed clearly in the first stanza of this ❚❚ How is it that widows and the fatherless need this hymn. See Ps. 104:33–34. assurance in a way unknown to those who have not been ¬¬ Will the song of faith always sound beautiful to the ear, widowed or orphaned? that is to say, hit the right notes and always be on key?

St. James of Jerusalem, October 23 and Proper 18B | Three-Year Lectionary 81 Herrnschmidt concludes the hymn with a fifth stanza done and archangels and with all the company of heaven” (TLH, in a doxological (“glory words”) mode. The final address of p. 25) in praising and glorifying the one true God. praise is to the three persons of the blessed Trinity. Just as ❚❚ In Rev. 5:11–14, the final word is “Amen!” How can we the psalmist ends Psalm 146 with a final “Hallelujah!” so express our agreement and unity with this word that does the hymn writer exhort the singers to join “with angels means “Let it be so!”?

Making the Connection This grand hymn of praise calls us to laud and magnify the when, though shattered with grief, you’ve been called to Lord’s name not just when we are in a happy and jubilant sing to Christ — even through tears? mood, but also when we are indifferent to thoughts of ❚❚ “Penitent sinners, for mercy crying, / Pardon and peace praise, or even when we are crushed by the effects of sin in from Him obtain” (st. 4). How does this hymn teach this world. us that our greatest need is for reconciliation and ❚❚ “Yes, I will laud Him until death” (st. 1) truly seems to forgiveness in Christ Jesus, our Lord? include every chapter of life! Can you think of times

In Closing Never forget that every hymn worth the name is a hymn of Prayer praise. Whether or not the tune is “happy” or “sad,” if the O Lord, let Your merciful ears be open to the prayers of tempo is “upbeat” or not, the name of God is to be praised Your humble servants and grant that what they ask may be for the fact that He has rescued us from our sins. The in accord with Your gracious will; through Jesus Christ, God of Jacob (Ps. 146:5) has promised to hear us and to Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the rescue us. Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 797. Proper 18B).

St. James of Jerusalem, October 23 and Proper 18B | Three-Year Lectionary 82 O Christ, Who Called the Twelve Lutheran Service Book 856 | study by Paul F. Becker

Introduction Cyril of Alexandria (c. 375–444) said this about the twelve respects that we find his holy disciples striving to excel. apostles: To ascertain this is no great labor, a single reading of the “These holy men became the pillar and mainstay of the Acts of the Apostles or of St. Paul’s writings is enough.”7 truth, and Jesus said that he was sending them just as the Father had sent him. … [I]n affirming that they are sent Our hymn rehearses for us why Christ selected these twelve by him just as he was sent by the Father, Christ sums up men to be His apostles, while challenging us to realize that in a few words the approach they themselves should take a similar call has come to every believer. to their ministry. From what he said they would gather ❚❚ Discuss the various vocations of the Twelve before their that it was their vocation to call sinners to repentance, call. Was there anything in their life before Christ that to heal those who were sick whether in body or spirit, to prepared or qualified them for their new work? seek in all their dealings never to do their own will but the will of him who sent them, and as far as possible to ❚❚ If we also are being sent into the world as the Father sent save the world by their teaching. Surely it is in all these Jesus, what sort of activities would characterize the life of the Church?

Exploring the Scriptures At different times, the Lord Jesus sent His disciples out two ❚❚ What indicates the necessity for a radical dependence on by two: the twelve apostles (Matt. 10:1–15; Mark 6:7–13; the person and power of Jesus? Luke 9:1–6) and the seventy-two (Luke 10:1–12). His in- structions fall into three broad categories: proclamation Read Matt. 10:16–31. and signs of the kingdom, being prepared for persecutions ❚❚ Why does persecution come to Jesus’ disciples and what and the exclusivity of answering Christ’s call. promises does He give to those who suffer for His name?

Read Matt. 10:5–15. ❚❚ What opportunities for the Gospel arise from times of persecution? ❚❚ How did the apostles mirror Jesus’ compassion for the multitudes who “were harassed and helpless, like sheep Read Matt. 10:32–42. without a shepherd” (Matt. 9:36)? ❚❚ What must Christians be willing to lose? What will they ❚ ❚ How were the apostles’ needs provided for and what were gain in return? they to expect in return for their ministry? ❚❚ Discuss how believers might either confess or deny their relationship with Christ in their daily vocation.

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ After a lifetime of parish ministry, teaching and Herman G. Stuempfle (1923–2007) grew up in a Lutheran administration, becoming one of the great hymn writers parsonage and served as a parish pastor, author, seminary of his time must have come as a bit of a surprise. How president and teacher of preaching. But his lifelong love has God filled the later years of someone you know with of hymns blossomed creatively only in his later years. He unexpected blessings? thought of writing hymn texts as another way to proclaim the Good News and said that his texts were “triggered by Stuempfle is among the most honored and respected hymn such-and-such a passage of Scripture.” writers of the twentieth century. His collections are entitled The Word Goes Forth: Hymns, Songs, and Carols (1993), Redeeming the Time: A Cycle of Song for the Christian Year

7 “Mission of the 12 Apostles – Cyril of Alexandria,” Crossroads Initiative, last modified Feb. 7, 2017, accessed June 28, 2018,crossroadsinitiative.com/media/ articles/mission-of-the-12-apostles-st-cyril-of-alexandria/.

St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles, October 28 | Three-Year Lectionary 83 (1997), Awake Our Hearts to Praise: Hymns, Songs, and ❚❚ Read Acts 5:17–20 and 12:1–11. Imprisoned by both Carols (2000) and Wondrous Love Has Called Us (2006). religious and secular rulers, the apostles experienced He has written an estimated 550 texts, more than half of supernatural protection. How did this strategy of the evil them already published, including 15 in LSB. one “backfire”? ❚❚ As you ponder the titles of his hymn collections, what theological themes can you deduce were of significance to Modern-day believers soon discover they are not exempt Stuempfle? from the call “To risk security” (st. 1). The tragic wounds of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries “Lead us along Text the ways / Where hope has nearly died.” These wounds Stanzas 1–4 divide equally into a reminder of how Christ can only be healed by going to the cross on that lonely hill worked with His Twelve, and a request that He would work “Where love is crucified” (st. 3). And yet, as another apostle in much the same way with us: wrote, “now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love” (1 Cor. 13:13). These three have 1. Christ, who called — grant us to hear power to transcend timidity and sustain “Both life and 2. Christ, who taught — instruct us now ministry” (st. 4). 3. Christ, who led — lead us along the ways ❚❚ Read Rev. 7:13–17. The apostles speak of times of trials, 4. Christ, who sent — send us testing by fire and great tribulation as something all believers share. Describe the promise that sustains us For the Twelve, following Christ brings “ventures bold and through these difficulties. new” (st. 1) in which they see “The ways of God revealed” (st. 2); ways that include miraculous feeding of multitudes ❚❚ Read Eph. 2:19–22 and Rev. 21:14. How does the but also proclaim God’s reign as they serve, suffer and teach apostolic foundation help explain the mystery not only of “On roads they’d never trod” (st. 4). the Church’s survival despite persecution, but her spread to all tribes and nations, peoples and tongues?

Making the Connection The hymn makes a strong connection in the final stanza ❚❚ Name two or three things you share in common with between the Twelve and the saints and martyrs of every saints of every generation that remind you that you generation who share “one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one belong to the crucified and risen King. God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in ❚❚ Even though it is traditionally held that only one of the all” (Eph. 4:5–6). Twelve, St. John, died of natural causes in old age, what unique difference in their lives and their deaths continues to inspire us today?

In Closing “How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the good Prayer news, who publish peace and bring good news of salvation” Almighty God, You chose Your servants Simon and Jude to (Gradual for St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles). By God’s be numbered among the glorious company of the apostles. grace, we also confess the faith of the Twelve: “I believe in As they were faithful and zealous in their mission, so may the Holy Spirit, the holy Christian Church, the communion we with ardent devotion make known the love and mercy of of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns with body, and the life everlasting. Amen” (LSB, p. 323). You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen ❚❚ Read aloud or sing together LSB 856. (Collect for St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles).

St. Simon and St. Jude, Apostles, October 28 | Three-Year Lectionary 84 Lord Jesus Christ, with Us Abide Lutheran Service Book 585 | study by Tim Pauls

Introduction Are you sure? How can you be sure? ❚❚ Am I confident that my church is teaching the right Sometimes, uncertainty isn’t a big deal. Suspense can things? even add a thrill, as in an overtime game or a well- crafted ❚❚ Am I sure that the Lord is with me? movie. But there are some times that doubt and uncertainty are no good at all. For instance, you want to be sure of the In the centuries since Christ’s death and resurrection, the answers to the following questions: Church has continued to survive through persecution, war, ❚❚ Am I certain that God has forgiven me? fallen empires and all sorts of uncertainties. ❚❚ Am I certain that I am going to heaven? Throughout, however, Christians have always been confident of Jesus’ grace and presence. How? That’s the focus of our hymn.

Exploring the Scriptures The title for this hymn, and the comfort that fills all of its ❚❚ While they were still on the road, what first affected their stanzas, finds its origin in Luke 24:13–35. Read that pas- faith (v. 32)? sage and consider the following questions. ❚❚ The two men were talking in verse 14 about “all these Though woven into the hymn, Luke 24:13–35 isn’t this things that had happened.” What things had just Sunday’s Gospel lesson; Matt. 23:1–12 is. happened (vv. 19–24)? ❚❚ Read Matt. 23:1–12. Of what does Jesus accuse the ❚❚ Though the Bible doesn’t specifically say, what would you scribes and Pharisees in verse 3? What about verse 4? suppose their mood to be? ❚❚ Who is the one instructor (v. 10), and how does He ❚❚ For what did Jesus admonish them in verse 25? What did instruct? Read Ps. 119:105. He next interpret to them in verse 27? ❚❚ Is the ultimate goal of this instruction obedience or ❚❚ As they reached home, they asked Jesus to stay. When salvation? Read John 20:31. were they finally sure of His identity (vv. 30, 35)?

Exploring the Hymn Background his departure. Theological disputes led again to his exit The two authors of this hymn make for an odd couple that from his professorship at the University of Jena, though he highlights the need for Christians to remain faithful to the became a professor of theology at Leipzig University, where Word of God. he assisted in preparing the Formula of Concord. In 1588, Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) was a brilliant scholar he was removed by a ruler who favored Calvinism; he was whose studies and writings played an enormous role in the restored following the ruler’s death, but died in 1592. Reformation. He still bears the moniker “the teacher of Our hymn was thus penned by a teacher and his pupil, by Germany.” However, Melanchthon also displayed timidity one who was willing to compromise doctrine and one who and a willingness to compromise and Luther repeatedly was not. In fact, Selnecker suffered at the hands of those had to encourage him to be strong and steadfast. As time whom Melancthon tried to accommodate. continued, however, his weaknesses led him to publish doc- ❚❚ Read Gal. 2:4–5. Paul refused to compromise with those uments which compromised scriptural doctrine. Notably, who had different beliefs. What was at stake? What was for our purposes, he altered the Augsburg Confession in he trying to preserve? 1540 to make it more agreeable to the Calvinists. Nicolaus Selnecker (1532–1592) was one of Melanchthon’s ❚❚ Read 1 Tim. 6:3–5. When is it a good time to change one’s favorite students. He was ordained in 1558 and served beliefs, and what is the standard for doing so (v. 3)? as a court preacher in Dresden; however, his defense of Lutheran doctrine against the Crypto-Calvinists led to

Proper 26A | Three-Year Lectionary 85 ❚❚ What is always to be the basis for compromise or refusal ❚❚ What is the significance of tongues of fire and boldness? to compromise? See Titus 1:9. Read Acts 2:1–11. When were literal “tongues as of fire” given by God to Christians, and what did they next do? Text ❚❚ What was the response of those who heard in Acts It is fitting to note that in this hymn, the same two words 2:41–42? How is this like the two men of Emmaus in appear in each of the six stanzas: “Your” and “Word” (or Luke 24:13–35? How is it like a Divine Service with Holy “words”). Read stanza 1. Communion? ❚❚ For what do we pray in the first two lines, and then the last two? Stanzas 4 and 5 mention some of the enemies of ❚❚ How are these two requests related? Read Rom. 10:6–9 God’s Word. and John 1:14. For which Word do you pray? Can they be ❚❚ Who is the enemy in stanza 4? separated? ❚❚ Read Eph. 6:14–17. Of the “armor of God” listed, what is the one offensive weapon? Don’t all of the other gifts Stanza 2 begins with the mention of “these last days of listed come from this, too? great distress.” ❚❚ What are the enemies in stanza 5? ❚❚ Jesus mentions some of the causes of such distress in Matt. 24:4–13. What does He list? ❚❚ Read Heb. 4:12. How does the Word cut through these foes? ❚❚ Reflecting on your own life, what causes distress for you? ❚❚ In Matt. 24:13, Jesus promises, “But the one who endures Finally, stanza 6 declares that the Word alone is “our heart’s to the end will be saved.” In stanza 2 of the hymn, for defense” and “the Church’s glorious confidence.” what purpose do we pray for “true steadfastness”? Why? ❚❚ Read John 8:31–32. Of what are we confident as we abide in His Word? The Word of God is not just for believers as we await the Lord’s return, but for all those in “each dark and loveless ❚❚ Read 1 John 2:28. How long does this confidence last? place,” as stanza 3 declares. Furthermore, note that this Word delivers “saving grace.”

Making the Connection The gracious presence of Jesus Christ, the Word made flesh, ❚❚ Read 1 Cor. 11:23–26. To what does Jesus add His Word? is the comfort and confidence of the Christian. Our Savior How is He then present? is not far away, rooting for us from the bleachers; rather, wherever the Word is, Jesus is there, too. We share this with the two on the road to Emmaus, as well ❚❚ Read Matt. 28:18–20. To what does Jesus add His Word, as the newly baptized Christians at Pentecost: Christ makes and what does He then promise in verse 20? Himself known to us in His Word and in “the breaking of the bread.”

In Closing Furthermore, Christ speaks His truth, His Gospel, in His Prayer Word. Foes like the devil or your old sinful heart will con- Merciful and gracious Lord, You cause Your Word to be stantly accuse you that you’re not forgiven, that Jesus would proclaimed in every generation. Stir up our hearts and never come near a sinner like you. That is when you hear minds by Your Holy Spirit that we may receive this procla- and speak Christ’s Word all the more, because He declares mation with humility and finally be exalted at the coming the truth that you are forgiven. Thus, in the words of 1 John of Your Son, our Savior, Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns 2:28, “And now, little children, abide in him, so that when with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. he appears we may have confidence and not shrink from Amen (Collect for Proper 26A). him in shame at his coming.” ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 585.

Proper 26A | Three-Year Lectionary 86 A Mighty Fortress Is Our God Lutheran Service Book 656/657 | study by Marion Lars Hendrickson

Introduction Martin Luther (1483–1546) wrote a poem to serve as the Luther’s own hymn, “A Mighty Fortress Is Our God,” has preface to Joseph Klug’s Geistliche Lieder, revised and pub- captured these very sentiments over the five centuries since lished in Wittenberg in 1543. In his poem, Luther wrote, he wrote the text and composed the tune. in part, “Of all the joys that are on earth / Is none more ❚❚ What are some of the feelings you have when you sing this dear nor higher worth, / Than what in my sweet songs is hymn? How do the text and music together contribute to found / And instruments of various sound. / Where friends these feelings? and comrades sing in tune, / All evil passions vanish soon. … The heart grows still when I am heard, / And opens to ❚❚ Describe the image that comes to mind when you think of God’s Truth and Word.” the word “fortress” in this hymn.

Exploring the Scriptures Luther’s famous hymn is inspired by the words of Psalm 46 do the prophets have in mind? See also Rev. 22:1–8. In and the comfort Luther himself found in this psalm. Read what ways are these images of the Holy Spirit? What does Ps. 46:1–3. God’s Spirit have to do with the confidence within this ❚❚ In the opening verse, the writer states his confidence. psalm? Based on Ps. 46:4–7, what sort of fortress is God? What do you think is the basis for his confidence? If your ❚❚ Read Ps. 46:8–11. In the third part of the psalm, the answer is “experience,” what sorts of experiences might writer invites the reader to meditate, “Come, behold the they have been? If your answer is “faith,” what is the works of the LORD.” In this psalm, the writer points to source of such faith? the end of war and conflict as an act of God. What are ❚❚ Verses 2–3 use parallel thoughts to emphasize a major some other possible “acts of God” on which a person could point. If the writer has events in Israel’s history in mind, meditate beneficially? what might some of them be? Although written long ❚❚ Verse 10 suggests the outcome of such meditation. Do before the New Testament era, what are some events in you agree? Are the words of verse 10 words of fear or the Gospels or in Acts in which these words of Psalm 46 of praise? Or both? Why? To whom is God saying, “Be could come to mind? still” — the noisy world or the person of faith in the ❚❚ Read Ps. 46:4–7. Jerusalem, Israel’s capital and the site noisy world? Why? Read Mark 4:35–41. Notice any of the temple, had springs of water supplying the city similarities? but no river flowing through it. What could the writer ❚❚ The final verse repeats the theme. After all has been said, have in mind with verse 4? The prophets wrote of such a what sort of fortress is God? stream in Jerusalem. Read Joel 3:18 and Zech. 14:8. What

Exploring the Hymn Background from the empire, from Rome and from outbreaks of the While Luther’s hymn has been employed in triumphal ways plague. The darkness of depression often closed in on him. — the Swedish Lutheran king Gustavus Adolphus made his ❚❚ What are some major cataclysms of the present day that army sing this hymn before the Battle of Leipzig in 1631; could send a person to seek the comfort expressed in the 19th-century German literary figure Heinrich Heine Luther’s hymn? (1797–1856) called it the Marseillaise of the Reformation — Luther himself called it a hymn of comfort. In the period ❚❚ What sort of personal troubles — physical, emotional, 1527–31, when the hymn began to appear in a number spiritual — could also find comfort in this hymn? of hymnals, Luther was surrounded by troubles. In 1527, 10 years had passed since Luther posted his 95 Theses in Whenever Luther’s world would “roar and foam” like the Wittenberg. During this time and after, he was buffeted by waters in Ps. 46:3, he would invite his friends to join him theological and political storms. His own life was in danger in singing this hymn. In 1530 at Coburg, while awaiting

Reformation Day and the First Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 87 the outcome of the Diet of Augsburg, Luther sang his hymn ❚❚ How is such imagery helpful and comforting? often, perhaps daily. ❚❚ How can military imagery be misused within ❚❚ What is the comfort in the phrase “He’s by our the Church? side” (LSB 656:4)? ❚❚ Luther mentions “weapons of the Spirit” (LSB 657:4). For Martin Luther, the devil was no fictitious figure, but What might these be? very real and troublesome. Read stanza 3 of the hymn. What phrases in the hymn are helpful when a person’s trou- ❚❚ How is the devil portrayed? bles are of long duration or an end to them is not in sight? ❚❚ Luther writes in LSB 656:3, “This world’s prince may What difference does it make, do you think, singing the still / Scowl fierce as he will.” What do you think Luther hymn rather than simply reading the text? means by “still”? Jesus’ crucifixion is judgment upon Satan. What does this mean for us who live in the world? Text While Luther found inspiration for his hymn in the words Read Rom. 8:31–39. St. Paul’s answer to his list of questions of Psalm 46, he did not confine himself to that text alone. is verse 37: “No, in all these things we are more than con- Read Rev. 19:11–16, where St. John sees a vision of a con- querors through him who loved us.” quering rider on a white horse, who “in righteousness … judges and makes war” (v. 11). ❚❚ As the Small Catechism asks, what does this mean? ❚❚ According to stanza 2 of the hymn, who is this rider? ❚❚ Is this an answer based upon experience or on faith? ❚❚ What other clues to the rider’s identity do you find in ❚❚ Must a Christian have experiences similar to those Rev. 19:11–16? listed by the apostle in this passage to express the same confidence? Why? Why not? ❚❚ Although the imagery of warfare is violent in this text, how does the rider’s identity interpret that violence? ❚❚ If “the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord” (v. 39) does Hint: Think about the crucifixion of Jesus. not eliminate all of our troubles, what does it do? What sort of fortress does this make of God? Read Eph. 6:10–17. In this epistle, St. Paul uses the imagery of a Roman soldier.

Making the Connection In the preface to the Wittenberg edition of his writings, ❚❚ Luther sang this hymn often. What is gained by the Luther wrote, “I want to point out to you a correct way of repetition? Does singing the text make a difference for studying theology, for I have had practice in that. … This meditation? is the way taught by holy King David … in the one hundred ❚❚ Do you think Martin Luther would have expressed the nineteenth Psalm. There you will find three rules, amply confidence of the Gospel as boldly and forcefully as he did presented throughout the whole Psalm. They are Oratio if he had not endured the troubles he faced? How have [prayer], Meditatio [meditation], Tentatio [affliction, trial]” your own troubles thrown you back onto the promises of (AE 34:285). God in Christ? ❚❚ In what ways is Luther’s hymn a prayer? What is it asking? What hope does it express?

In Closing As Luther said in his hymnal preface for Klug’s Geistliche Prayer Lieder, where people of faith sing hymns, there is joy, “all Almighty and gracious Lord, pour out Your Holy Spirit on evil passions vanish soon” and hearts are stilled and open to Your faithful people. Keep us steadfast in Your grace and God’s Word. truth, protect and deliver us in times of temptation, defend ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 656 or 657. us against all enemies, and grant to Your Church Your saving peace; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Reformation Day).

Reformation Day and the First Sunday in Lent | Three-Year Lectionary 88 For All the Saints Lutheran Service Book 677 | study by Shawn L. Kumm

Introduction “Saints alive!” someone exclaimed in surprise. Yes, indeed, Turn to page xi in the front of Lutheran Service Book (LSB). saints alive. Saints alive here on earth; saints alive also Here is a list of the saints associated with the life of Christ in heaven. Certainly the people of God believe that saints and the time of the apostles. are alive! ❚❚ What do we learn about the lives of these saints from the All Saints’ Day, which falls on the first day of November, letters “R” and “W” beside their names? stirs up all kinds of thoughts, memories and ideas about saints. Now turn to pages xii–xiii. Here is a list of saints who span ❚❚ What are some common thoughts people have when they the beginning of time up to recent history. hear the word “saint?” ❚❚ Scan through the lists on these two pages. Which names surprise you? Which names are unfamiliar?

Exploring the Scriptures Hebrews 12:1–3 is the chief Scripture upon which this hymn ❚❚ Choose two names from Hebrews 11 and discuss how is based, but before you read these verses, scan the New each person was at the same time a sinner and a child Testament list of saints in Hebrews 11. of God. ❚❚ Which words are repeated throughout this chapter? Now read Heb. 12:1–3. The author of Hebrews sees us con- As is true of the people in the lists above, these saints also tinuing in the same list of chapter 11. lived in a tension. That tension is described by the Latin ❚❚ Who and what is the focus of faith? phrase simul justus et peccator, simultaneously justified ❚❚ How is it the writer of Hebrews speaks as if your name is (saint) and sinner. included in this list of believers?

Exploring the Hymn Background saints now gathered into heaven, and the Church Militant, William Walsham How (1823–1897) was born into a the saints still fighting here on earth. solicitor’s family and grew up in the historic market town of Shrewsbury, England. He spent his years of ministry in Text rural areas and the impoverished East End of London. In Though at first glance this hymn seems to begin with the such challenging places How became known as the “chil- saints of God, careful observation shows the hymn writer dren’s bishop.” This title of endearment reflected his great rightly begins by addressing the first two stanzas to the love and attention shown to an often-overlooked group of Lord Jesus. God’s kingdom. His published works include sermons, poet- ❚❚ What comfort do you look forward to in enjoying rest ic verse and a still used volume on Holy Communion. How’s most well-known work, is the hymn “For All the Saints.” ❚❚ from your labors? See Rev. 21:1–4 for a fuller description of rest. ❚❚ If you were to write a hymn about saints, what important points would you need to include? Which particular Bible ❚❚ In stanza 2 Jesus is called “captain.” Read 1 Tim. 6:12. passage would you want to use as the hymn’s foundation? What is the battle about? See Eph. 2:1–3 for a description of the enemy. Why is it necessary to have Jesus as Originally this hymn was eleven stanzas long, but the three your captain? stanzas which reflected the ancient Te Deum are traditionally omitted. The remaining eight stanzas of “For All the Stanzas 3 and 4 turn our focus from the saints who have Saints” give to the worshiper a well- developed theology of gone before us to the saints here on earth and it is among both the Church Triumphant, which is comprised of the the earthly saints that we are included.

All Saints’ Day, November 1 | Three-Year Lectionary 89 ❚❚ What caution do we need to keep when considering “the ❚❚ What are the things of God that embolden and victor’s crown of gold”? Consider what Paul writes in 2 strengthen the saints here on earth? On what basis can Tim. 2:1–5. St. Paul say what he does in 2 Tim. 4:7? ❚❚ Why do we “feebly struggle”? In what ways do you need help? Turn to Is. 35:3–4 and rejoice in God’s promises Stanzas 6–8 draw our eyes to the same rest that began the to you. hymn. The setting of the sun on the lives of those who have Stanza 5 speaks of the earthly fight of faith as “fierce” and died in Jesus is contrasted with the rising of the dead, the “the warfare” as “long.” resurrection to come, all following the “King of Glory.” Finally, in stanza 8, the “countless host” of heaven are seen ❚❚ What makes you weary as you follow your captain, Jesus? gathered around the Triune God. ❚❚ What is it about “the calm of paradise” (st. 6) that appeals to you most?

Making the Connection Read the appointed Gospel for this day, Matt. 5:1–12. Here The important distinction is made that we do not pray to Jesus describes your baptismal life centered in His suffer- the saints nor do we pray for the saints, but we do sing with ing, His death, His resurrection and His ascension. the saints and our prayers are joined with theirs. Especially ❚❚ At which points does this hymn connect with the on All Saints’ Day do we also give thanks for the saints. For Beatitudes? In what ways do these both sing and speak examples see LSB, pp. 250–251. of the same realities?

In Closing “Our churches teach that the history of saints may be Prayer set before us so that we may follow the example of their Almighty and everlasting God, You knit together Your faith and good works, according to our calling. … [T]he faithful people of all times and places into one holy commu- Scriptures do not teach that we are to call on the saints or nion, the mystical body of Your Son, Jesus Christ. Grant us to ask the saints for help. Scripture sets before us the one so to follow Your blessed saints in all virtuous and godly liv- Christ as the Mediator, Atoning Sacrifice, High Priest, and ing that, together with them, we may come to the unspeak- Intercessor [1 Timothy 2:5–6]” (AC XXI 1–2, p. 44). able joys You have prepared for those who love You; through ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 677. Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for All Saints’ Day).

All Saints’ Day, November 1 | Three-Year Lectionary 90 Wake, Awake, for Night Is Flying Lutheran Service Book 516 | study by Randy Wurschmidt

Introduction We all tend to be fascinated with the end times, what will godly and elect eternal life and everlasting joys, but He will happen on the Last Day. Every pastor knows that he will be condemn ungodly people and the devils to be tormented asked to teach a class on Revelation at some point. Piles of without end” (AC XVII 1–3, 40). books and movies fantasize about mayhem and destruction: Death and judgment weigh on the minds of almost all obliteration by asteroid or earthquake, or maybe being left people; the hymn we will study focuses primarily on the joy behind in a doomed airliner. The apostles were fascinated and comfort that Christians look forward to, even in the by this, too, so they asked Jesus, “Tell us, when will these face of catastrophe. For we hope in things to come, rather things be, and what will be the sign of your coming and of than in things present. the end of the age?” (Matt. 24:3). ❚❚ From your experience in talking to others, what are Our Lord is clear on this, and so at Augsburg in 1530, the some different beliefs that people have about death and reformers were able to state from Scripture, “Our church- judgment on the Last Day? es teach that at the end of the world Christ will appear for judgment and will raise all the dead. He will give the ❚❚ Have you ever known anyone whose faith and calm in the face of death was an inspiration to you?

Exploring the Scriptures The Gospel for the Last Sunday of the Church Year is a is shown as being final and complete. What are some familiar parable, one taught in the context of what is some- examples you can think of? times called the Little Apocalypse. For two whole chapters, Jesus answers the question the apostles asked above. Read The parable is told in the context of a wedding: the ten Matt. 25:1–13. virgins are waiting for the bridegroom to lead them to the ❚❚ Who are the two groups of virgins and what makes some banquet. Read Rev. 19:6–9. of them foolish? ❚❚ What does it mean that the Bride “has made herself ❚❚ Verses 11 and 12 might sound harsh to our modern ears. ready”? See verse 8. But many times throughout the Bible, God’s judgment ❚❚ How should you respond to the invitation to the marriage supper of the Lamb?

Exploring the Hymn Background and night, and searched the Scriptures as to what they Philipp Nicolai (1556–1608) was a pastor in the town of revealed on this matter.”8 Unna, Westphalia, in the western part of Germany. From July 1597 until January 1598, plague raged through the He took this tragedy, and rather than preaching the Law town, taking 1300 of his parishioners. During this terrible to them, he gave them the Gospel. Surely they were scared time, Pastor Nicolai presided over as many as thirty burials — so was he — and he preached the comfort of Christ cruci- a day; in one particularly awful week, 170 perished. From fied for their sins and the promise of eternal life in heaven. the window of his parsonage, overlooking the church cem- Along with the meditations, Nicolai wrote the two hymns etery, Nicolai wrote a series of meditations for the comfort for which he is most remembered, this one, and “O Morning of the congregation. He called the collection Freudenspiegel Star, How Fair and Bright” (LSB 395). He appended them des Ewigen Lebens (Mirror of Joy of Eternal Life), saying, to the end of the collection, and they have remained in not “There seemed to me to be nothing more sweet, delight- only the Lutheran church since then, but also in the hym- ful and agreeable than the contemplation of the noble, nals of many other denominations. sublime doctrine of Eternal Life obtained through the Blood of Christ. This I allowed to dwell in my heart day

8 “Philipp Nicolai,” Hymnary.org, accessed June 28, 2018, hymnary.org/person/Nicolai_P.

Proper 27A | Three-Year Lectionary 91 ❚❚ Consider how such a disaster would affect this ❚❚ How does the current translation (which reflects the congregation. What resources would you turn to in such German much better) change our understanding of this a time? stanza? ❚❚ What is the “Supper” we are singing about? Text Prepare. Watch. Expect. The full title of the hymn reads: Now sing or read the third stanza. The heavenly imagery in “Wake, Awake: Of the voice at Midnight and the Wise this stanza is especially rich. Read Rev. 7:9–17. Virgins who meet their Heavenly Bridegroom.” Nicolai’s hymn is only about the wise virgins, the ones prepared ❚❚ What is the joy that awaits us in heaven? with flasks of oil, the ones who, despite the delay of the ❚❚ In which part of the Divine Service do we say that heaven Bridegroom, remained steadfast at their post and waited and earth meet? How does this relate to the hymn? diligently for His arrival. At midnight came the voice at last, “The Bridegroom comes, awake!” (st. 1). Nicolai keeps Go to Nicolai’s other hymn, LSB 395, and scan through his focus on this hope rather than on the fate of the foolish the second and third stanzas. Both hymns emphasize the virgins who wandered off for more oil at precisely the wrong coming of the Lord in glory as the Bridegroom. The two time. Read or sing the first two stanzas and consider the hymns together are often referred to as the King and Queen following: of the Lutheran chorales. Both in the majesty of their tunes ❚❚ To whom are the watchmen calling? (which were also composed by Pastor Nicolai) and in the comfort of their words, they outline for us the joy that ❚ ❚ Who is meant by “Jerusalem”? Who is meant by “Zion”? awaits us in eternal life.

In Lutheran Worship 177, the last lines of the second stanza ❚❚ What does this mean for the Christian then? Should we are translated as: fear death? Why or why not? “We answer all In joy your call, We follow to the wedding hall.”

Making the Connection As we end one Church Year and prepare to begin another, ❚❚ As we wait for Jesus to return, in what ways do we our hymns reflect on both the second coming of our Lord prepare, watch and wait? What is the danger of being and the first. The hymns for the end of the church year and unready? for Advent are often interchangeable. ❚❚ Even as Jesus is at the right hand of the Father, He is also As we prepare for Jesus to return in judgment, we also present among us now. Name some ways in which that prepare to remember Emmanuel, God born in the flesh to is true. dwell among us. We have come full circle. God has come and He will come again.

In Closing In the Nicene Creed we confess, “He will come again with ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 516. glory to judge both the living and the dead” (LSB, p. 158). We confess this not out of fear, but out of hope, in order to Prayer remember that our Lord has promised to return, to raise Lord Jesus Christ, so govern our hearts and minds by Your our bodies into heaven, to bring us around the throne and Holy Spirit that, ever mindful of Your glorious return, we be with Him in eternity. may persevere in both faith and holiness of living; for You Without the forgiveness of sins, this would not be pos- live and reign with the Father and the Holy Spirit, one God, sible. Without Christ’s death on the cross, this would not now and forever. Amen (Collect for Proper 29B). be possible. For without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins (Heb. 9:22). And without the forgiveness of sins, there is no life. Thanks be to God that He has given us new life in Holy Baptism, in the Holy Supper and in the forgiveness of sins.

Proper 27A | Three-Year Lectionary 92 The Day Is Surely Drawing Near Lutheran Service Book 508 | study by Allen D. Lunneberg

Introduction Whereas the Last Sunday of the Church Year will proclaim wait and pray in confident faith. In a day when so many are and celebrate the promised victory of eternal life for all ignorant of or even reject God’s plan revealed in His Word, who by faith confessed Jesus as their Savior, this next-to- the Bible, we point to Jesus who spoke plainly regarding last Sunday sounds a solemn warning to all who have not His return, the Day of Judgment, and the deliverance avail- yet come to that faith and confession. Our hymn of the day able to all by faith in Him. describes the Last Day both as something to be feared for ❚❚ How do you imagine most people think about the end of those who have neglected or rejected God’s invitation of the world or the end of their lives? Or do they think about grace, and as a treasured promise and goal for those who it at all? Why or why not?

Exploring the Scriptures Read Matt. 25:31–46. claim of John 3:16, that God so loved the whole world, not Angels show up at every major step forward in God’s plan just part of it. of salvation. Here they will accompany the return of Jesus Next, read 1 Thess. 4:13–18. on the Last Day as the last major step in God’s plan. “All the The question was, “When the Lord returns, when will nations” will be gathered, that is, everyone who ever lived the dead be raised, and will we who are still alive have will be raised with their bodies. Then “he will separate peo- to die first in order to be raised?” St. Paul uses the word ple one from another … the sheep from the goats” (v. 32). “sleep” to describe the death of a Christian. His goal is “that ❚❚ When does “the judgment” actually happen? See you may not grieve as others do who have no hope” (v. 13). 2 Cor. 6:2. “Encourage one another with these words” (v. 18). If you have a King James Bible (KJV), you need to know The proceedings begin with the sheep, the righteous. A that the word “prevent” in v. 15 is a literal translation of the summary of their good works is listed. Latin praevenio. Whereas today the word prevent means to stop something, this word originally meant to precede, ❚❚ How is this not to be interpreted as salvation by or go before. This is how modern translations have it. The works? Why are the works mentioned? Hint, see point is that we who are alive when the Lord returns will James 2:18, 22, 26. not precede, or go before, those who have fallen asleep. It ❚❚ What detail here shows that the good works of a all happens at once, in the “twinkling of an eye.” The dead Christian’s active faith are almost automatic and are raised first, then we who are alive will be changed certainly not kept record of by the Christian? (1 Cor. 15:52). ❚❚ Describe what it means to grieve the death of a loved one To the “goats” (unbelievers) on His left the King says, but not “as others do who have no hope.” “Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared ❚ for the devil and his angels” (Matt. 25:41). Sin results in sep- ❚ Do you think the warning of hell and eternal punishment aration. Unrepented sin results in eternal separation. What for unbelievers is necessary? makes the judgment of hell most agonizing and fearful is ❚❚ Do you think the return of Christ is coming soon? See that “the eternal fire” was not prepared for people to be Rev. 22:7, 12, 20. there in the first place; a detail that supports the universal ❚❚ What is the difference between the day of the death of a Christian and the Last Day?

Exploring the Hymn Background frequently, especially as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) This hymn appeared first as an anonymous text in 1565. In caused many to think that the Last Day was presently 1586, however, a Lutheran pastor, Bartholomäus Ringwaldt at hand. (1532–1599), revised it, calling it “a hymn about Judgment Day.” It quickly became increasingly popular and sung

Proper 28A, B, C and the Twenty-Sixth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 93 ❚❚ Is church attendance larger during wartime or ❚❚ Will a person have to “wait and see” what the verdict will peacetime? Why? be? Why or why not? ❚❚ What causes people these days to think that the world is ❚❚ What is the purpose of “the books”? coming to an end? Stanza 4 is devastating Law describing the biblical truth for Text those who “scorned” the Lord and “despised His precious The original seven stanzas have been restored to LSB. Only Word,” preferring “carnal pleasures” and “earthly trea- four of the seven stanzas, however, appeared in Lutheran sures.” The “delivery” to Satan is described in Matt. 25:41 Book of Worship (1978) and in Lutheran Worship (1982), and Rev. 20:15. namely, stanzas 1, 2, 6 and 7. ❚❚ What “tool” or procedure does the Church have to call ❚❚ What do the formerly missing stanzas (3–5) have in a Christian back from falling away and despising God’s common? Word? See Matt.18:15–20; 1 Cor. 5:1–5; and 2 Cor. 2:6–11. ❚❚ Why do you think these stanzas were removed in the 1978 and 1982 hymnals? Stanzas 5–7 spring from the Gospel. Stanza 5 describes the confidence of faith in the gift of Christ’s atoning sacrifice. In stanza 1, that “fright shall banish idle mirth” almost goes For the Christian there is no more condemnation possible without saying as the very “powers of the heavens will be (Rom. 8:1–2) because of Jesus’ salvation (Heb. 2:14–15; Gal. shaken” (Luke 21:26). No one will be ignorant of what is 3:13; 1 Peter 1:18–19; 2:24). Since Baptism, our names have happening when the Lord returns (1 Thess. 4:13–18; Mark been recorded in the Lamb’s “Book of Life” (Rev. 3:5; 20:12; 14:62; Matt. 16:27; Rev. 1:7). Dan. 12:1). Stanza 2 begins with the sounding of “the final trumpet,” The confidence of faith begins to turn to prayer in stanza the sound that accompanies the Lord’s return (Zech. 9:14; 6, relying on Jesus’ promise to intercede for us before the 1 Cor. 15:52; 1 Thess. 4:16). The resurrection of those who Father’s throne (Rom. 8:34; 1 John 2:1; Is. 53:12; Luke have died and the instant change of those who are still alive 23:34; Heb. 9:24). We are saved by the “blood and merit” of is described. Christ (1 Peter 1:18–19) and numbered with “all His saints “The books” of stanza 3 refer to the record of human in that blest place” (Rev. 7:9–17) where “we shall see Him activity. See Matt. 25:31–46; Rev. 20:12–15; Dan. 7:9– face to face” (1 Cor. 13:12). 10; Matt. 16:27; and Rev. 22:12. Finally, stanza 7 is a prayer for Jesus’ return and our endurance.

Making the Connection With its sobering imagery and words of warning for all who ❚❚ Do you think the return of Christ and our final endurance would ignore, neglect or reject God and His gracious plan should occupy our attention and our prayers more than of salvation, this hymn helps us sing with calm confidence it does? in God’s promise of salvation by simple faith in Christ and ❚❚ Our receiving the Lord’s body and blood in the Sacrament reliance on His Word and grace. In this faith we remain of the Altar is a proclamation of His death until He comes vigilant and ready for our Lord’s return and the culmina- (1 Cor. 11:26). How does it also speak of His resurrection, tion of our deliverance from sin, the devil and death. ascension and coming again?

In Closing With thanksgiving and faith in the whole story of God’s Prayer grace in Christ, which we have reviewed in the past li- O Lord, so rule and govern our hearts and minds by Your turgical year, we sing with confidence and joy of our final Holy Spirit that, ever mindful of the end of all things and deliverance and hope of eternal life. the day of Your just judgment, we may be stirred up to ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 508. holiness of living here and dwell with You forever hereaf- ter; through Jesus Christ, Your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for the Twenty-Sixth Sunday after Trinity).

Proper 28A, B, C and the Twenty-Sixth Sunday after Trinity | Three-Year Lectionary 94 The Head That Once Was Crowned with Thorns Lutheran Service Book 532 | study by Scott R. Schilbe

Introduction Royalty intrigues us. The lives of kings and queens fasci- ❚❚ Why do you think Americans are enthralled with nate us. Though the United States has no royalty of its own, the homes, clothing and behavior of royalty and of Americans do keep a close watch on Britain’s royals. But celebrities? in the absence of an official royal family, Americans tend to view celebrities and some government leaders as a type While we do not live in a monarchy, today’s hymn reminds of “royalty.” us that we do claim a royal figure. We claim the “King ❚❚ How would you react if you saw your favorite movie star? of kings” as our own. Our King isn’t a political king and He hasn’t always been an exalted one. His head was once crowned with thorns.

Exploring the Scriptures Today’s hymn describes Jesus’ position sitting at the The Gospel appointed for today points us to Judgment Day, Father’s right hand. In other words, the hymn refers to the the day when Jesus will return to “judge the living and the ascended Jesus Christ. dead” (LSB, p. 159). ❚❚ According to Eph. 1:20–23, what privilege does Jesus ❚❚ Read Matt. 25:31–46. What clues in the reading indicate presently enjoy? that the parable’s context is the final judgment? ❚❚ How does Rev. 5:1–14 describe Jesus’ ascension from ❚❚ What is the inheritance that those who trust in Christ heaven’s view? receive at Christ’s second coming? Read Matt. 25:34 and Rev. 21:6–7. ❚❚ How does Paul relate the events of the Last Day in 1 Cor. 15:20–28, the appointed Epistle?

Exploring the Hymn Background ❚❚ Read Matt. 27:29. What did the soldiers twist together Thomas Kelly (1769–1855) was ordained in the Church of that served as a symbol of Jesus’ suffering? Ireland (Anglican). Kelly had many talents, especially the ❚❚ Read again Revelation 5:1–14, noting especially verses talent of hymn writing. Regarded as one of the best writ- 11–13. How do the “myriads of myriads” confess Jesus’ ers of hymns in English, Kelly wrote over seven hundred victory over sin and death? hymns, four of which are in LSB. Kelly included today’s hymn, “The Head That Once Was Crowned with Thorns,” ❚❚ How does Kelly describe the “perfect” founder of in his fifth edition ofHymns on Various Passages of salvation (Heb. 2:10) in stanza 1? Scripture (1820). Kelly’s hymn is based on Heb. 2:10, but it’s also based Stanza 3 describes the exalted Jesus as our joy. on a lengthy poem by the English clergyman John Bunyan ❚❚ What do you think Kelly means when he writes that Jesus (1628–1688). In fact, the hymn’s first stanza is nearly iden- is the “Joy of all who dwell above, / The Joy of all below”? tical to a section included in Bunyan’s poem entitled One Who dwells above and below? Thing Is Needful, or Serious Meditations Upon the Four ❚❚ Read 1 John 4:9 and John 17:6. How does God manifest Last Things: Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell. His love to us? And who are the recipients of this Text manifestation? Using Bunyan’s thoughts for stanza 1, Kelly combines ❚❚ Why is God’s name so precious? What does God’s name two images of Jesus into one line: suffering Jesus and convey? Read Matt. 1:21; Matt. 28:19; 1 Kings 8:29, 50; victorious Jesus. Acts 4:12; and Acts 10:43.

Proper 29A | Three-Year Lectionary 95 The hymn’s mood changes in stanzas 4–6. Here, Kelly ❚❚ What is the benefit of suffering? Read Phil. 3:10–11 and poignantly depicts reality for Christians. True, the ascend- 1 Peter 3:14. ed Jesus is “Joy” for Christians. Yet Christians also follow ❚❚ Yet the time of suffering is brief compared to eternity. Jesus’ example of suffering. Comment on 2 Cor. 1:5 and Rom. 8:17. ❚❚ According to John 15:18–21 and 1 Peter 4:13–14, why should Christians not be surprised with the idea that they will suffer?

Making the Connection Grasping the image of our crucified but now ascended Jesus ❚❚ How does Christ’s life as explained in Phil. 2:5–11 give us helps us in times of our own suffering. For we know that the motivation to focus on our “King of kings” and “Lord of one whom the Father has made perfect through suffering lords” (st. 2) during our present problems? (Heb. 2:10) will perfect us in the life of the world to come. ❚❚ When Jesus descends to earth for the final judgment, in what do we place our hope (st. 6)?

In Closing Royalty does captivate our attention! The royalty of our Prayer King of kings and Lord of lords who claims authority Almighty and everlasting God, You sent Your Son, our over all things should most definitely claim our attention Savior Jesus Christ, to take upon Himself our flesh and to throughout life. His cross is our everlasting theme and the suffer death upon the cross. Mercifully grant that we may means by which we will reign with God forever and ever follow the example of His great humility and patience and (Rev. 22:5). be made partakers of His resurrection; through the same ❚❚ Sing or read aloud together LSB 532. Jesus Christ, our Lord, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen (Collect for Palm Sunday/Sunday of the Passion).

Proper 29A | Three-Year Lectionary 96