The Merge of Social Network Sites and Professional Development: a Case Study Of
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St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in Education Administration Department of Educational Leadership and Higher and Leadership Education 5-2016 The eM rge of Social Network Sites and Professional Development: A Case Study of Twitter Usage Among Minnesota K-12 Principals Nathan D. Rudolph St. Cloud State University Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/edad_etds Part of the Educational Leadership Commons Recommended Citation Rudolph, Nathan D., "The eM rge of Social Network Sites and Professional Development: A Case Study of Twitter Usage Among Minnesota K-12 Principals" (2016). Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership. 16. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/edad_etds/16 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Educational Leadership and Higher Education at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Merge of Social Network Sites and Professional Development: A Case Study of Twitter Usage Among Minnesota K-12 Principals by Nathan Rudolph A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education May, 2016 Dissertation Committee: Dr. John Eller, Chairperson Dr. Roger Worner Dr. Nicholas Miller Dr. Daniel Bittman 2 Abstract Over past decades, the position of principal, like that of technology, has evolved and changed drastically. Today, the changing face of Internet technologies is merging with the changing face of educational professional development (United States Department of Education, 2010; Veletsianos, 2012). Due to rapid growth and change within the technology industry, there is limited research about the relationship of technology and professional development. Although some research can be found regarding the manner in which scholars, academics, educators, and students are using [Social Network Sites] in education, there is little research that pertains specifically to usage of this tool by school principals. Further research is needed to eXamine principals’ use of SNS to: 1) sustain a level of expertise within their role; 2) access content that is directly related to practice; 3) provide collaboration and sharing of knowledge with other practitioners; and 4) construct personalized learning. In order to gain a better understanding of how SNS are being used, specifically by active principals, for personalized professional development purposes, a qualitative case study methodology was implemented. Employing one-on-one interviews, data was coded and analyzed to provide specific perspectives on the manner in which five selected principals were using Twitter in dispensing their duties. The [following] research questions were intended to provide an expanded understanding of the manner in which principals are using Twitter for effective, personal and professional development. 1. How are selected principals using Twitter to access content that directly relates to practice and constructs personalized learning? 2. How are selected principals using SNS to collaborate with other practitioners and sustain a level of role expertise? 3. What are selected principals’ perceptions of the effectiveness of using SNS for personal, professional development purposes? Research questions were framed according to Rutherford’s (2010) review of literature, which concluded that effective professional development is practical (Borko, 2004; Darling-Hammond & Mclaughlin, 1995; Hirsh, 2004; Nord, 2004; Wei et al., 2009), participant-driven or constructivist in nature (Borko, 2004; Darling-Hammond & Mclaughlin, 1995; Wayne et al., 2008), and collaborative (Borko, 2004; Darling-Hammond & Mclaughlin, 1995; Hirsh, 2004; Nord, 2004; Warren-Little, 2006) and helps professionals sustain a level of expertise (Borko, 2004; Darling-Hammond & Mclaughlin, 1995; Wayne et al., 2008; Wei et al., 2009). Overall, principals provided ratings of “very valuable” or “eXtremely valuable” to ninety percent (18) of [Rutherford’s] four key elements that characterize effective professional development. In summary, the data collected through this qualitative case study furnished high correlations between the use of Twitter for professional purposes and the key characteristics of effective professional development, as defined by Rutherford (2010). Therefore, although this study is not generalizable, the findings support the notion that principals can use SNS for effective personal, professional development purposes. 3 Acknowledgment I’d like to begin by thanking God. His continued grace, guidance, and love sustain me. Thank you for “co-authoring” my dissertation, my educational journey, my professional journey, and my life. I would like to thank Dr. Daniel Bittman for encouraging me to take this journey, and for the unwavering support that you have given me along the way. You have taught me to persevere and dream big. It is my prayer that everyone has someone in their life that believes in them more than they believe in themself. You are that person for me. Thank you. To my entire committee, I’m grateful to be surrounded by such amazing, caring, intelligent, and supportive mentors. You have challenged me, guided me, and supported me along the way. I would not have made it without you. I owe my mom, dad, sister, brother, mother-in-law, and father-in-law a great deal as well. Although it is often behind the scenes, your love and support have allowed me this opportunity. You have taught me how to work hard, love unconditionally, and persist. I love you. Finally, I would like to eXpress my gratitude for the love, support, and sacrifices made by my wife and children in order to make this journey complete. Whether it’s in my role as an administrator, coach, or doctoral student, you are often the ones that bare the burden of my professional pursuits. I am so thankful for our family and our faith and I love each of you dearly. 4 Dedication Dedicated with love and gratitude to my best friend and amazing wife, Gina, and to my beautiful and inspiring children, Mason, Isabella, and Tylee. You are my everything! 5 Table of Contents Chapter I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 10 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................................................................... 12 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 Assumptions of the Study ............................................................................................................................................... 15 Delimitations ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15 Definition of the Terms .................................................................................................................................................... 16 Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Chapter II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................................................... 22 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22 The Changing Face of Internet Technology ................................................................................................ 25 History of the Internet: Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 .......................................................................................................... 26 History of Blogging ............................................................................................................................................................ 29 History of Social Network Sites .................................................................................................................................... 30 The Changing Face of Professional Development ................................................................................... 32 The Merge of Technology and Development ......................................................................................................... 32 Types of Professional Learning ...................................................................................................................................