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A Comparative Study of the 1852-1857 and the 1895-1900 Parliaments

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A Comparative Study of the 1852-1857 and the 1895-1900 Parliaments Businessmen in the House of Commons: A Comparative Study of the 1852-1857 and the 1895-1900 Parliaments BY C2009 Alexander S. Rosser Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ___________________________________________ Victor Bailey, Chairman ___________________________________________ Theodore A. Wilson ___________________________________________ Joshua L. Rosenbloom ___________________________________________ J. C. D. Clark ___________________________________________ Thomas J. Lewin Date Defended 11 May, 2009 The Dissertation Committee for Alexander S. Rosser certifies That this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Businessmen in the House of Commons: A Comparative Study of the 1852-1857 and the 1895-1900 Parliaments Committee: ___________________________________________ Victor Bailey, Chairman ___________________________________________ Theodore A. Wilson ___________________________________________ Joshua L. Rosenbloom ___________________________________________ J. C. D. Clark ___________________________________________ Thomas J. Lewin Date Approved 11 May, 2009 2 Table of Contents Page Table of Contents 3 Acknowledgements 4 List of Tables 5 List of Abbreviations 12 Introduction 16 Chapter One Businessmen in the House of 26 Commons,1852-1857 Chapter Two Businessmen in the House of 110 Commons 1895-1900 Chapter Three Comparison and contrasts 241 between the Parliament of 1852-1857 and the Parliament of 1895-1900 Chapter Four The Wiener Thesis of 271 Late20th Century British Business Failure Endnotes 350 Bibliography 363 3 Acknowledgements This project first started many years ago as a master’s thesis under the direction of the late Professor John Stack of the University of Missouri at Kansas City. Professor Victor Bailey of the University of Kansas very graciously supported my efforts to extend the work to include a later Parliament and a detailed look at the Wiener Thesis. I wish to thank Professor Bailey for his great support and his great patience. As well I thank the Department of History, the Graduate School of the University of Kansas, and the other members of my committee, J. C. D. Clark, Thomas Lewin, Ted Wilson, and Joshua Rosenbloom, for their support and patience. The libraries of both Universities have had all of the resources necessary for this dissertation, and I thank and commend them. R. Lymon Ott, Ph.D. provided valuable advice on statistics, Alison Swihart typed early drafts of chapters two through four, and Tom O’Brien and Carrie Sallee at Twenty-First Century Communications assisted with computer technical issues. I thank them all. My wife has been patient as well and very supportive, and for that I will always thank her. To her, the children, and now the grandchildren, love always. 16 April 2009 Alex S. Rosser 4 List of Tables Table Number Title Page Chapter One 1 Parliamentary Constituencies in 1852 27 2 The Business Activities of the 160 Business MPs 31 Directly Engaged (Past or Present) in Business 3 1852-1857 Businessmen MPs own Business 37 Interests and outside Directorships 4 Outside Directorships of Other MPs 39 5 Secondary Education of Parliamentarians in the 43 Parliament of 1852-1857 by Percentage 6 Secondary Education of Business Parliamentarians 44 in the Parliament of 1852-1857 by Percentage 7 Number of Members of the House of Commons in the 46 Parliament of 1852-1857 Categorized by Profession or Income Source who attended a University 8 Percentage of Members of the House of Commons in 47 the Parliament of 1852-1857 Categorized by Profession or Income source who attended a University 9 Non-Political Club Memberships by Profession/Income 49 category in percentage Terms 10 Non-Political Club Memberships of Businessmen 50 Disaggregated by Professions 11 Percentage of those members of different Profession/ 53 Income source in the Parliament of 1852-1857 who received honors 12 University Attendance by Profession/Income 61 Classification 5 13 University Attendance by Profession/Income 62 Classification Expressed in Percentage Terms 14 Attendance by 1852-1857 House of Commons 63 Members at Oxford and Cambridge versus other Universities 15 Subjects debated in the House of Commons 75 16 Business MPs’ Participation in the House of Commons 75 Debates, 1852-1857 17 Backbench Business MPs’ Participation in the House 76 of Commons Debates, 1852-1857 18 The Subjects Investigated by the Select Committees of 87 the House of Commons, 1852-1857 19 Business MPs’ Participation on House of Commons 89 Select Committees, 1852-1857 20 Businessmen as Witnesses before the House of 94 Commons Select Committees, 1852-1857 21 The Subjects of the Public Bills Introduced into the 97 House of Commons, 1852-1857 22 The Businessmen MPs’ Sponsorship of Public Bills in 98 the House of Commons, 1852-1857 23 The Business MPs’ Sponsorship of Local and Private 101 Bills in the House of Commons, 1852-1857 24 The Ranking of Business MP Participation by Subject 103 Categories – In Speeches, Select Committees’ Membership and Sponsorship of Public Bills in the House of Commons, 1852-1857 25 The Ranking of Subject Categories by Business MPs’ 104 Participation with Raw Scores Chapter Two 26 Political Affiliation of MPs, 1895-1900 111 27 Profession/Income Group 112 28 Political Affiliation of Profession/Income Groups 113 29 Percentage of Professions/Income source by Parties 114 6 30 Each Profession/Income Source as a Percentage of 115 Each Parliamentary Party 31 Profession/Income Groups in the Political Blocks, 117 Parliament of 1895-1900 32 Percentage of Profession/Income groups by Party 118 Affiliation in Parliament of 1895-1900 33 Land Ownership by Other Professions/Income 119 Groups 34 Political Breakdown of Table 33 120 35 Positions Held by Barristers while in or after 132 Parliamentary Service 36 Businessmen MPs’ Own Business Interests and 142 Outside Directorships, Parliament 1895-1900 37 Outside Directorships of Other MPs 167 38 Secondary Education of Parliamentarians in the 172 Parliament of 1895-1900, by Percentage 39 Secondary Education of Business Parliamentarians 174 in the Parliament of 1895-1900, by Percentage 40 Percentage of Each Professional Category of the 176 Members of the House of Commons in the Parliament Of 1895-1900 who attended a University 41 Disaggregation of the business category in Table 40 177 42 Non-Political Club Memberships by Profession/ 180 Income Category in Percentage terms 43 Non-Political Club Memberships of Businessmen 181 Disaggregated by Professions 44 Those Members of different Professions in the 182 Parliament of 1895-1900 who received Honors 45 Percentage of those Members of Different Professions 183 in the Parliament of 1895-1900 who received Honors 46 Political Affiliation by Business Sector 185-186 47 Known Religious Affiliations of MPs, Parliament 188 of 1895-1900 7 48 Correlation of Religious Affiliation to Political 188 Affiliation 49 Religion correlated to Profession/Income Category 190 50 Types of Committees in the Parliament of 1895-1900 192 and Business Participation on those Committees 51 Participation on Committees by Different Professions/ 193 Income Classifications 52 Parliamentary Bills, 1896-1900 199 53 Parliamentary Bills, 1896-1900, by Percentage 200 54 By Classification, Percentage of Bills Originating in the 201 House of Commons, Parliament of 1895-1900 55 Percent of Printed House of Commons Bills with at 202 least one Business Sponsor 56 Types of Bills by Number of Sponsors in Profession/ 203 Income Categories 57 Types of Bills by Percentage of Sponsor in Profession/ 204 Income Categories 58 Bill Sponsorship Ranked by Percentage of Business 205 Sponsorship 59 Reallocation of Government Members by Previous 206 Occupation 60 Reallocation of Government Members Merged with 207 Bill Sponsors from Table 56 61 Reallocation of Government Members Merged with 208 Bill Sponsors from Table 56 expressed as Percentages 62 House of Commons Bills Ranked by Percentage of 209 Business Sponsorship after Reallocation of Government Members to their Previous Profession 63 Political Affiliation of Division for Third Reading 221 Foreign Prison Made Goods Act of 1897 64 Profession/Income source of Members Voting on the 221 Division for the Third Reading, Foreign Prison Made Act of 1897 8 65 Disaggregation of Businessmen in the Vote on the 223 Foreign Prison Made Goods Act of 1897 66 Parliament of 1895-1900, House of Commons 225 Standing Committee on Trade, by Party Affiliation And Profession/Income Source 67 Lines of Speech on Workmen’s Compensation by 232 Party and Profession (not including Chamberlain, Ridley, the Attorney General, and Asquith) 68 Lines of Speech on Workmen’s Compensation 232 by Party and Profession 69 Percentage of Speeches on Workmen’s Compensation 233 by Profession without Leaders 70 Percentage of Speeches on Workmen’s Compensation 233 by Profession with Government Leaders 71 Yes Vote on Division 218 including Tellers 235 72 No Vote on Division 218 including Tellers 235 73 Yes Vote on Division 281 including Tellers 236 74 No Vote on Division 281 including Tellers 236 Chapter Three 75 The Number of Businessmen in the Parliaments 242 of 1852-1857, 1874-1880, and 1895-1900 by their Party Affiliation 76 Percentage of Attendance at Clarendon and 244 Other Public Schools by Profession/Income Source, Parliament of 1852-1857 77 Percentage of Attendance at Clarendon and 245 Other Public Schools by Profession/Income
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