THE

NEW AGE A WEEKLY REVIEW OF POLITICS, LITERATURE AND ART. Vol. VII. No. I I. THURSDAY,JULY 14, 1910. THREEPENCE.

CONTENTS. PAGE PAGE NOTES OF THE WEEK ...... 241 A BOOKOF BEAUTY.By MichaelWilliams ...... 254 FOREIGN AFFAIRS By S. Verdad 243 ...... SOME LATERIBSEN STORIES ...... 255 THEODORE ROOSEVELT : ANOTHER SOCIALISTVIEW By J. A NOTE ON THE HAYMARKETPRODUCTION. By T. Martin William Lloyd ...... 244 Wood ...... 256 PAULINE VIARDOT-GARCIA By Francis Grierson ...... 245 ART. ByHuntly Carter ...... 257 THEPHILOSOPHY OF A DON. XVII. : POLYGAMY ...... 247 CORRESPONDENCE.--MRS. Herringham, E. Belfort Bax, H. W. ON TRYINGAGAIN. By Holbein Bagman ...... 250 Nevinson H. G. Wells, J. H.Ingram, S. Verdad, Rose THE ALLIEDARTISTS’ ASSOCIATION. By Walter Sickert ... 251 LamartineYates, St. John G. Ervine, J. M. Kennedy, A GENTLEMANOF ENGLAND.By W. L.George ...... 252 DuseMohamed, S. Moussa, BeatriceHastings, etc., etc. 258 HERE’SROSEMARY FOR REMEMBRANCE.By W. R.Titterton 253 ARTICLES OF THE WEEK ...... 262 BOOKSAND PERSONS.ByJacob Tonson ...... a53 MODERNBIBLIOGRAPHIES. XXXIV. Frederic Harrison ... 263

Subscriptions to the NE W A GE are at the following thehearts of its political friends. It is theywho find rates :- themselves daily and hourly depressed, flouted and dis- Great Britain.. A broad. gusted. It is they and their ideals that are perpetually One Year ...... 15 0 17 4 beingmisrepresented and sacrificed ; while, on the Six Months...... 7 68 8 whole,it is their enemies whose word is regarded by Three Months ... 3 94 4 theCabinet with deference. This, surely, is the only All orders and remittances should be sent to the NEWAGE conclusion to be drawn from the series of concessions PRESS,38, Cursitor Street, E.C. made by the Government during the last few weeks ; MSS., drawings and editorial communications should be concessions beginning with the holding of a Conference addressed to the Editor, 38, CursitorStreet, E.C. andreaching, let us hope, their climax in the Civil AIl communications regarding Advertisements should be List at which the “ Nation ” turns. addressed to the AdvertisementManager, 38, Cursitor *** Street, E.C. Something of this moral disquietude in the presence of politics has become articulate in a novel and some- NOTES OF THE WEEK. whatromantic appeal theincurrent “ Hibbert Journal ” tothe Gentlemen of England.If we under- THEGovernment are having a long rope, but they will stand the reasoning of this highly interesting document assuredly hang themselves in the end. A fortnight ago we are bound to say that we agree with its purport. It we had occasion to deplore the Birthday Honours’ List, ispointed out that the regeneration of England can the most disgraceful and shameless of which any recent scarcelybe brought about by thesole agency of the Cabinet has been guilty. This week it is the “ Nation ” workingclasses, even with the help of the “ intellec- whichis almost in despair over the Civil List, a List tuals.”Discredit can so easilybe fastened on the which adds nearly a quarter of a million per annum to equipmentor the motives of anyleaders in a purely the royal salaries. But what can either the “ Nation ” proletarianmovement of reform. On theother hand, or THENEW AGE do? Though time and again we turn partypoliticians are equally discredited. The docu- away in disgust from the spectacle of an obviously cor- menttherefore appeals to the gentlemen of England rupt politics, our wandering eyes rest on no more hope- irrespective of their class or of their whilom politics, in fulvision elsewhere. Willing enough to throw away a word,to English patriots. This is so similar in aim thedirty water, would it be wise to do so untilwe toour own comments of thelast six months that ne haveclean ? And where is theclean? Apparently we have no hesitation in endorsing it; but we must observe must continue the task of criticism, despairing yet not thattherace of Englishgentlemen rapidlyis giving in. Perhaps after some yearsunderstanding dwindling,that the task before them is colossal, that will begin to dawn on the people. they are without an organ or an organisation,and *** that so far as we can see their ideas are somewhat out We are notthe only observersto feel alarm at the of date. In spite,however, of thesedisadvantages, cynicism of politics, which increases with the apathy of something,we are sure, could be done if properlyat- the public. If we were we might feel disposed to enjoy tempted. The direction, in ourview, should be less oursingularity But everywhere, and even in the most political thansocial, less public than private,and less unlikelyplaces, dissatisfaction is being expressed, We criticalthan constructive. The model, in short,should do not know whether the Cabinet has any ulterior pur- bePlato’s rather than Bacon’s. pose in thus making itself an object a€ despair and *** disgust ; but certain it is that these feelings in regard This brings us, indeed, to the very crux of the pro- toit are becoming widely spread.It is fair to dis- blem ofmodern discontent. From one point of view, sociatethis dissatisfaction from the merely party re- as we haverepeatedly demonstrated, the party politi- pugnance of Unionists and Tories. On party attacks of cian have done no mure than they have been permitted whatevervirulence a Cabinetmight even pride itself. to do.And theyhave been permitted to do what they But the deepest dissatisfaction with the present Cabinet havedone by theastounding apathy of thegeneral exists not in the ranks of its political enemies, but in public as well as by thecultivated indifference of the 242 THE NEW AGE JULY 14,1910

educatedclasses. Nobody can accuse the Socialist Coalition felt itself compelled to break the unity of the movement of having failed to do its best to throw the party. And if the Irish group, which is paramount and limelight on the appalling conditions of poverty in Eng- has most to lose by the failure of the Coalition, has so farfound no adequate excuse for abandoning the land.Unless a person is eithervery ignorant or very ship,neither in ouropinion has the Labour party. brutal he cannot pretend any longer not to know that *** what is reallywrong with England is thebestial Butthere is anotherreason which has been touched destitution of a largeminority of itspopulation. Yet on severaltimes, and notably by Mr.Philip Snowden thoughwe have succeeded in demonstratingthis te- in lastweek’s “ LabourLeader.” Mr. Snowden is yond thepossibility of dispute,we have neither suc- well qualified tospeak on thesubject of finance,and ceeded in arousing the poor themselves to resent their his contribution to the debate on the new Budget was conditionnor in awakening the rich to a senseof the only speech listened towith any interest. On the shame. On the contrary, the more we demonstrate the question of thefinance of theLabour party he was equallyinteresting, and even better informed. Will source of England’sweakness, the louder grows the criticsrealise that party politics and party organisa- sound of the drums that drown us, and the more supine tionsare, at bottom, an affair of money? We have the mass that needs to be helped. So hopeless, in fact, seen that both the Liberal and the Unionist parties are has our task become that we have lately been driven to ceaselessly engaged in replenishingtheir party coffers a mereattempt to make a fewpeople understand, in by thesale in thinlydisguised forms of titlesand the hope that understanding will infallibly lead to right places. By thismeans they are enabled to face an electionand, generally, incur political risks that no action sooneror later. Now thequestion is : How partywithout funds dare undertake. With a great many understanding men are there among the gentle- pricetheir freedom is bought.The Labour party, on men of England?Sodom and Gomorrah would have theother hand, draws its supportmainly from the been savedfor ten. England might be saved by a poor,has nothing to sell, and is consequentlyper- hundred.Are there a hundredgentlemen in England petuallyhampered, not merely in big,but in little whohave the intelligence to understand and the will thingsas well. Moreover,the old tradeunion levy hasgone, and gone, we think, for ever;and the andthe power to act on their understanding? It re- measurefor payment of members,which should have mainsto be seenwhat response the “ Hibbert takenits place, has been deferred on account of the Journal’s ’’ manifesto will receive ; but we may say that increased Civil Listuntil next year. Under these in ouropinion the appeal is timelyand not without circumstancesthere is smallwonder that the Labour partyhave appeared a littletimid. hope. *** *** Returningto the subject of partypolitics, we note What plainly is the duty of the rank and file of the Labour movement is to refrain from unintelligent criti- that the ‘‘ Spectator ” complains that the Government cism, and to push on the work of political education and is preparing a crisisfor November. That may be a propaganda. We whoobserve events closely at West- legitimate complaint for an enemy to make, but we find minsterare prepared to prognosticate that in afew in it a proof that all is not yet lost. We have deplored monthsat least the crisis will occurwhich will decide thelaissez-faire attitude of theCoalition rank and file the fate of the Liberal party for at least a generation, intheir own constituencies, but we understand that and,, by implication,the fate of theLabour and activity is to beresumed in the provinces during the Socialistmovement as well. The“slump ” that now prevails is due to nothing more sinister than suspense. Parliamentaryrecess. If thatis so, theParliamentary The long rope with which the Liberal party may in the crisismay coincide with a greater interest in the con- endhang itselfis beingpaid out in the most ample stituencies than the last crisis at Westminster enjoyed. andgenerous fashion. Let it continue to be paid out It is unlikely that the Conference will report its results untilNovember at least.Should it happen then that beforethe end of thismonth, and thus the decisive the hopes and sacrifices made by the Labour party are element in the situation will be deferred to the autumn frustratedand endured for nought,the active reaction towardspolitical independence will prove irresistible. sitting.Everything, therefore, still depends upon that. Such a lesson in the incapacity of the Liberal party will We caneven understand that many laches of the havebeen read in theminds of ourrank and file that Cabinet will be condoned until the decision of the Con- never again will it be needed.Our generation will ferenceis made known. Radicals, Irish and Labour notrequire tobe exhorted toindependence. Their will refraintheir illimitable scorn, like Mr. William danger will he in demanding too much. Watson’s cat, untilthe last hope is extinguished. *** *** This, if weare challenged, is ourmain reason for supportingthe Government even against ourselves. Alongthis line sf reasoning-, even if therewere no We are as acutelyaware as anybodycan be of the other, we should be prepared to defendthe Parlia- gravedefects in policy of thepresent Cabinet. Not mentaryattitude of the Labour party. It may be onceor twice, but atleast on sixseparate occasions, inglorious,but it is neverthelesswar. Despite its they have so dissembled their love for their supporters as tokick them downstairs. One thing, however, critics,we do not see very well whatelse the party theyhave not yet done : theyhave not irretrievably could have done at Westminster than what it has done. abandonedthe single purpose which still unitesthe Thecoalition was tacitly formed for thesingle groupsthat form them. The Birthday I-Ionoars, the purposeof abolishing the absolute veto of theHouse Civil List,postponement of unemploymentinsurance of Lordsand with the understanding that every other andpayment of members,charging the rates with old questionshould meanwhile be regarded as minor. So age pensions,and the abandonment of theRadical lung,therefore, as thesmallest hope remains of ac- Reform Bill-these are a heavyprice topay for the complishingthe purpose of theCoalition,, it is the mere hope of the abolition of the veto of the House of manifestduty of themembers of thegroup to remain Lords.But if notexactly cheerfully, at leastthey united. It is unfortunatelytrue that both the occasion havenow been paid; and we shall certainly expect the for a frontalattack on the Lords has been deferred delivery of thegoods. Failing them, everything fails. or neglected morethan once, andthat questions have All oursacrifices will transformedbe into new arisen which, had they been foreseen, the Labour party demands; of which the first shall be the instant extinc- could not have regarded as minor; but in every instance tion of thelast surviving remnant of respectfor the there has been the appearance of excuse if not of com- Liberalparty. With this issue clear before us it is plete justification.otherIn words, onnosingle quitepossible to enduresuspense yet a little while occasion has any one of thecomponent groups of the longer. JULY 14, 1910 THE 1VEW AGE 243

byFrance, Russia, and England, and war would Foreign Affairs. ensue.The European air wouldbe cleared with a vengeance; for Germany and Austria would find them- By S. Verdad. selvesagainst three strong Powers. Italy would be FOREIGN affairs are dulloutwardly just nom; but this onlytoo glad to seizethe opportunity of backingout does not necessarily mean that there is nothing going ofthe Triplice on the condition of remainingneutral. If all the fighting men of Germany were mustered, the onbehind the scenes. The Albanian revolt has broken totalwould scarcely exceed 3,500,000. TheAustrian out again; but rigid control of the telegraph wires by forcemight amount, at theoutside, to 1,250,000 the Turkish officials prevents much news from coming Total, 4,750,000. Opposed to thisthere would be a through.Unless the Porte handles matters very tact- gigantic Russian army of not less than 3,500,000 men fully,Albania is quite likely, in view of theprivileges (excluding a paltry 300,000 available in Siberia),and thedistrict enjoyed under the Hamidian régime, to a Frenchforce of 1,500,000 men,excluding French become a sort of TurkishIreland. A fewweeks ago colonial troops, and assuming that no English soldiers would be available. Total, 5,000,000 against 4,750,000. officials In Constantinoplewere inclined to thinkthat Buteven this is not all. If Austriaand Germany warwith Greece was practically inevitable, hence the wereengaged in the death-struggle outlined, Turkey suddencalm in Albania for a shorttime. Eut now wouldnot wait to be attacked. She would straight- thatthe Cretan question has been staved off for a way put hall’-a-million meninto the field torecover fewweeks, it isthought that the opportunity may be Bulgaria,Eastern Roumelia, etc. As thewar strength of Belgium and Holland combined is only 200,000 men, utilised to letthe Albanians see that the Porte does I have left them out of the reckoning. notmean to be trifled with.Despite the visit of the *** King of Servia to Constantinople,it may be added, and the other manifestations of inter-Balkan cordiality, Even if itbe assumed for a moment thatthe there is nolove lost between Turkey and the Balkan Englishnavy sank to a one-to-onestandard against States; but the ill-feeling will simmer for some months Germany,even this, with the crocketty fleets of Franceand Russia. . . . dopatriotic Englishmen yetbefore coming to theboiling point. realise what we are talking about? Here is a country *** which,until forty years ago, consisted of a number In spite of the incredulity and denials of critics who of pettifoggingstates. Brought together by Bismarck, thinkthey know better, I herebyreiterate my state- theyformed a parvenukingdom. In a shorttime, owinglargely to theirmethods of education,their ment of a few weeks back that I have special informa- tradehas increased by leaps and bounds, and the tionregarding German official circles. I donot with- countryis doing well. Yet,with their navy far below drawone word of whatI said about the course of oursin ships, men, and brains, they have frightened German policy inthe next ten or fifteen years. Those us out of our wits,, and only a few months ago certain of uswho are not, like the Liberals, eaten up with newspapers made their readers shake in their shoes by prejudiceagainst everything to which we object will insinuatingthat even a two-to-onenaval standard on readily admit that the proposed German coup has been our part might be insufficient to enable us to hold our ownagainst a newnaval power : against a country finely conceived. Itis noble. To forman Asiatico- wherethe railway companies not long ago organised EuropeanTeutondom, a Germany-in-Asia, is a excursions so thatthe inland inhabitants might be gigantic undertaking, and the men who can plan such taken to the coast to see what the ocean looked like! a schemehave usually sufficient talents toenable *** them to carryit through. But when mentioning this It is of nouse saying that adaring commander proposal I saidthat a straightfight would stop the witha small farce can do more than less competent wholething; and I nowpropose to show how sucha officers withbigbattalions. initiative,In energy, fight is likely to come about. daring,and commonsense one French soldier is easily *** worththree Germans. Again, therelations between To beginwith, Germany and Austria count upon theFrench soldier and his officers aremuch more takingover the Balkan States without much fuss by friendlyand agreeable than is thecase in theGerman army.These are matters which, as I promised a few offeringthe different nations sound economic induce- weeksago, I will dealwith more fully on a subse- ments. As thethrones of Servia,Bulgaria, etc., are quentoccasion. In the meantime I onlywish to point held by a hair, the protests of therulers would not outthe enormous odds against Germany, even with count.Prince Alexander of Serviais a weak youth; Austriansupport, no matter which way she turns. and King Ferdinand-whomanAustrian diplomat TheGerman authorities have thought this matter once described to me,with much accuracy, as “a over carefully, and ‘have nevertheless decided that they cleverman, but a damnedscoundrel “--would stand a goodsporting chance in a fight.stateI thefacts and letreaders draw their own con- probably join the combination on the chance of getting clusions.Remember that there is nosentimentality somethingout of it.But the reorganisation of the in Germany : theGermans will not hold backmerely Turkisharmy is proceedingcalmly and deliberately. becausewhat they propose to do is,according to the Thepresent peace strength is atleast 350,000 If all Gospels,morally wrong. Based on theinformation the reserves were called out this force would be raised now beforeme, I am inclined tothe opinion I ex- toabout 750,000 men.In five or six years’time, pressedsome weeks ago : that in twentyyears’ time however, it is expected that a muchgreater propor- weshall probably witness a Europeanwar. But if tion of non-Mussulmans will be serving, in whichcase Germanymakes war, to quote the words of Mr.John theAustro-German combination would have to fight Burns,then God help Germany. And this, as all its waythrough more than a million of thebest unscaredBritons must admit, is anexceedinly fightersin the world to get beyond Asia Minor But proper and commendable view to take. thereare other factors. Let us turn to the Nether- *** lands,the more immediate danger; and, for the sake Thewise men atthe Vatican are greatly irritated of comparison,, reckon upon the total fighting strength at theirlack of success in stemmingthe anti-clerical of thevarious countries. torrentwhich has broken out in Spain; but they have *** presumablygone too far to turn back. I gatherthat Let us suppose for a momentthat Germany put a fewriots may take place in thecountry districts; forth some pretextfor the seizure of Holland and but, on the whole, I am prepared to bet on the Spanish Belgium.Protests would immediately be registered Government. 244 THE NEW AGE JULY 14,1910

breed. For the Western cowboy is romantic, braggart, Theodore Roosevelt : Another picturesque,fierce, cruel, and brave, but his intuitions arevery keen in thejudgment of men. Hehas his Socialist View. own standards of what is manly and demands at least By J William Lloyd. courage andgenuineness. Had Roosevelt not been . braveand genuine, according to their standards, he (Reprinted from the “New York CaII,”) could not have endured their criticism for a week. They PROFESSOR GEORGED. HERRON has recently published would have found him out, tried him out, drummed him in THE NEW AGE a scathing and fiery denunciation of out.There would have been no delicacy about expos- TheodoreRoosevelt. Eloquent and striking as the ing him. But they felt that here was a man who could articleis, I do not feel that it is quite fair or that it rope a steeror rope a horsethief, shoot a grizzlyor squarely hits the mark. shoot a “ Greaser,” and they idolised him as an incarna- Natureslike Herron’s quite fail to understand a tion of their own ideals. Thefact that he could write naturelike that of TheodoreRoosevelt. Roosevelt is a bookpleased them all the more, for your genuine brave, brutal,crude, blunt, masterful, and essentially frontiersmanhas a reverence forreal education and middleclass in allhis thoughts and actions. Roose- thewritten word, and a literaryman, if hewrite not velt has not grown at all since he was a boy, and repre- too far above their heads, carries a credential that all sents very faithfully the typical successful American of onthe border respect. fifty yearsago, in all his conceit, courage, prejudice, Roosevelthas precisely the qualities tocapture the certainty of hisown infallibility, of themonumental affections .of themajority of theAmerican people. He superiority of hisown country, and contempt of the is a man of real brain, but it is middle-class brain, and foe and the foreigner. That is why he is such an idol thebulk of theAmerican people are still intensely of theAmericans, especially in the West, where old- *.middle class. His education,his convictions his re- fashioned Americanism still survives much more vitally ligion his morals, are all of the old-fashioned American thanin the East. The old ideals,still latent in them, middleclass. Above all, heis a man of force, of tre- theysee incarnate inRoosevelt, and therefore they mendous force. He hasthat average middle-class admirehim. And the simple middle-class Americans, commonsensewhich leads a man to success in hisday too, feel betrayed and afraid, with good reason, before andgeneration, and Roosevelt generally succeeds. the modern “captains of industry,” and in their bewil- Andthe Americans worship success and are shy of dermentturn to Teddy whomthey regard as their idealisticextremes. Roosevelt stands forthe old- champion,and who quite intends in good faith to be fashionedvirtues of hard,plain living, hard muscles, that.They quite understand him and he them, but one wife and a bigfamily. They think he is honest, neitherhe nor they understand the modern pirates of whichhe is, and they do not realise how stupid and finance. Forthere is nothing subtle about Teddy. In behind the modern spirit he is, because they, too, have thepresence of thefinanciers whom he thinks he can the same provincial outlook. It is the case of a leader bring to bookhe is like a schoolboy at MonteCarlo. whofits, understands, and incarnates the spirit of his Whenone sees Roosevelt contending with such men people. ForRoosevelt is the mirror of theAmerican as Harriman,Morgan, Rockefeller, etc., it is to people. laugh.The modern financier is Nietzschean in ambi- When Roosevelt stands before a European audience, tionand lust for power, Machiavellian in strategy, whether of crowned heads or the commonalty, he has merciless,unscrupulous, subtle as hell. Roosevelt not a doubt of thesuperiority of a genuineAmerican quitehonestly intends to curb and control these men, to any foreigner, nor of his own ability to give infallible in the interests of what he considers honesty and good andmuch-needed advice. Heis quite honest inall government, and in his great conceit has no doubt of this-too sincere to realise even his own conceit-there hispower to do so. He hasno conception of whathe isno bluff about it. He believeshis old-fashioned isreally fighting against, but he loves fighting, loves platitudes to beinspired wisdom, and most of the toattract attention and make a spectacularsplurge, Americanpeople devoutly believe the same. When he andreally believes in his own power and that of the says “Thus sayeth the Lord,” they all say “ Amen !” lawto master the situation. Why he reallydoes But Herron is quite right in saying that Teddy is a nothingand can do nothingis because at hearthe perilto the American people. Honest as he is, heis believes too thoroughly in wealth, vested interests, and essentially a tyrant, a dictator. This is because he is like all theestablished means, tools, and methods to make Cromwell, a man of tremendousforce who absolutely anyradical fight against them. And so thefinance believes in the divine righteousness of his own convic- kingsare reallyglad of hisattacks. He amuses and tions and therefore does not hesitate to make his own interests the people, keeps them quiet and feeling that will the law of the land. If a mandiffers from ‘Teddy, something is really being done, while actually the money Teddycalls him a liar. It is self-evident to him.If Iords are going on undisturbed in the rapid process of hehas decided in his ownmind that Moyer and Hay- perfectingtheir organisation. When in hisbull-headed wood are guilty murderers he sees no injusticein saying conceit he shuts his eyes, lowers his head, and charges, so. Itnever occurs to him,even, that he can be they step craftily to one side, throw a little legal dust wrongingthem. There are atheists and free-lovers in the air, tip each other the wink, and go on with their amongthe Socialists, therefore Socialism is abomin- plotting.Nobody is hurt,but the people applaud. able.It is all very simple. And the fact that the very Teddyfeels good and blusters, and there is a general necessities of the case have forced him to use or favour impressionthat something has been done. These someSocialistic measures in his fight with the trusts modernAmerican financiers have thebrightest brains makesit all the more imperative that he should pro- of our time, reek absolutely nothing of blood and tears, claimhis very real loathing of Socialists,their ideas, broken hearts, broken promises, broken laws, or broken andtheir ways. bibles, but go straight to their aim as a bloodsucker to One great peril, if Teddy gets into the White House hisvein, and“Terrible Teddy,” blindfolded, and with again, will be that of his leading the country into some a ropeon his legs, foaming at themouth, and charg- foolishwar. For he loves conflict, cannot endure ing around the arena with a Quixotic delusion that he opposition,never acknowledges a mistake,and goes ispunching something full of holes,is a godsend to on with bull-headed obstinacy,whatever betides, trust- them.Long may he live ! Theyare willing he should ingto blows, bluster, and luck to carry him through. bere-elected any number of times. He holdsthe eyes Teddyis no diplomatand could easily insult some and they pick the pockets. proudforeign power beyond endurance. And though Thereare those who holdTheodore Roosevelt a hehas the primal military qualities of courageand humbug, a mere“bluffer.” This is quiteunjust. impetuosity,he has noreal military genius of the first Roosevelt is sincere enough. The fact that he lived for classbecause he has no subtlety. A man of real years in the West, among the sincerest men on earth, militarygenius, like Von Moltke, or some of the raised a regiment of “RoughRiders,” led thesecow- Japanesecommanders in thelate war, would make a boys, foughtwith them, camped with them, hunted plaything of him. withthem, is proof enough to anyone who knows the Andwhether in or out of theWhite House, Teddy JULY 14,1910 THE NEW AGE 245 is destined to be the most serious foe Socialism has yet dynamicforce which so boilsin Teddy. There is and encounteredin America. He fullyintends to fightit always has been too little heed in this country of prin- with all his powers, and he intends to fight it by arous- ciples, laws, or anything else that stood in the way of ing “religion ” and “marriage,” his special war cries, athing deemed right to accomplish. Weare essen- realising as hedoes that around these two, and tially a lynch-lawpeople. Therefore a man of dyna- “ Patriotism,”which he will alsoexploit, prejudices micforce, believing in his own infallibility, having canbe most easily rallied and focussed. And all the theconfidence of hispeople, and apparently realising moss-backs and bigots and the old-time conservatives, their ideals, could easily make himself dictator here and. who are honest, and the grafters who want the present do as he pleased with Constitution and laws. system to continue and to divert attention from them- selves, will rallyenthusiastically to hisstandard. Though not subtle, he has great practical commonsense andhe realises that the great struggle before us is Pauline Viardot-Garcia. betweenthe plutocrats and the Socialists. He sees By Francis Grierson. thatthe American people are becoming thoroughly arousedand alarmed at theclosing tentacles of the GREAT dramaticsingers are rarer than great actors, octopus, and that if some more conservative champion Manysingers gifted with beautiful voices cannot act; doesnot arise they will certainlyaccept Socialism as someare effective inrepose, but they cannot move theironly salvation. But he intends to be that con- aboutthe stage with dignity, others are great in servative champion and to lead the fight himself, both ensembles,but find itimpossible to enact a tragic againstthe trust magnates on the one hand and the scenewith another artist,, while many are impressive Socialistson the other. We shallsee him begin this in attitude and gesture, but cannot modulate the voice. campaign immediately. It would be easy to fill columns with the imperfections Itis not fair to Roosevelt to accuse him of deli- of many of ourmost successful lyrical artists. beratelywishing to take the nation back to thedead It is not difficult for a singer with a powerful voice past orto an “imposing savagery.” Roosevelt is a to shout through an act in Wagner; it is a matter of man of ferociousforce, a naturalBersark, who in- declamation,but declamation isnot singing. Itis nately loves battle, but he is quite sincere in consider- infinitely more difficult to combine fine vocal artwith ing himself anapostle of peace.Only he takes the physicalpower and dignified gesture. The decadence middle-class view. To the middle-class mindthe peace of vocal arrivedart withWagner, whodid of a city can only be secured by an army of policemen understandnot “artthe of singing.” He withclubs. Anything unthinkable.elseis And demandedphysical power. Thegreat duet in Roosevelt, in exactlythat way, believes thatthe only “Tristanand Isolde ” demandsthe lung power of way to assure American peace is for America to have a bellows to carry it to the end with success. Materna, ageneration of fierce youngmen, of exactlyhis own whowas no artist, was considered a great singer be- type, and plenty of forts and big guns and battleships, cause of her powerful voice until the advent of Kinder- so that the rest of the world will be afraid to touch her. Reichmannwhen Materna was forgotten. The truth Roosevelt isnot a badman. He has his ideals. He is that in many of Wagner’s leading roles it is a human aspires to be a second “ Father of hisCountry.” He machinethat is needed to givethe proper steam-pro- lovesAmerica and wants to benefitit greatly. Only, pelling effect tothe music and the situation. As for withhis usual egotism, he wants to do it all himself. Wagner’s tenor roles I never heard a tenor in one of He is jealous of anyother finger in the pie. He them,not even at Bayreuth,that was nut an ear- triesto make himself an example,and considers him- splittingaffliction, and between Wagner’s works and self a patternto American youth of a simple,manly, the old Italianoperas I candistinguish no difference healthy, successful life. in theamount of pain inflicted onthe lover of real Itis the fashion to sneer at his literary power, his music, andfor this reason : thelong declamatory naturalhistory, his hunting prowess? and many other scenesin Wagner and the efforts of thesingers to things,but all thisis unfair. Teddy is a veryfair attaincertain notes and produce certain effects are as author,up to the middle-classstandards. The books painful to the ears of a musiclover as the hum-drum thathe wrote when a youngman, and before he was marches in “Norma ” and “Faust,” the popular song otherwise known, have the same style and individuality of thetenor in “Riggoletto,” and dozens of other as hislatest works. They are not great, but they are banalities of a likeorder. To sit out a typicalItalian good of theirkind. Heis a veryfair amateur opera is not a bit worse than to sit out “ Parsifal ” or naturalist. His couragein the chase has never been a portion of the “ Ring.”But Wagner, taken in challengedby the famous Nimrods who have been steadydoses, often produces fatal results. Once, after withhim. Teddy is notwithout his touch of chivalry havingspent the whole summer at Bayreuthand andhe likes to pose as a secondSt. George, a slayer having witnessed allthe performances at the Wagner of dragons. Theatre,, I fell ill, notfrom any results produced on Didhe shoot fleeing Spaniards in the back at San mynerves by Wagner’s music, but from indiscretion juanHill? Very likely. Consider the middle-class in eating. I wentfrom Bayreuth to Meran,where I Americanmind. Remember thepopular American placed myself under the care of one of the best German slogan, “Remember the Maine and to hell with Spain !” physicians.When he heard that I hadattended a Teddyincarnated that. He thought no more of shoot- WagnerFestival he exclaimed, with a look of pity, ingSpaniards in the back than of shootingwolves “ Ach Gott ! I havemany such cases; Wagner’s running. They wereSpaniards, foes, monsters, not music ! How terrible ! Onlythe doctors know what humanbeings, not Americans. What finicky criticism it does !” couldI not help smiling, for didI not is this? believe a word of allthis. But I grewwiser. At one Inbrief, Theodore Roosevelt is notcomplexa timeduring theclimax of the Wagner fever many problem at all.Nor is he a nightmare,nor a plotting cases of insanity occurred from the study of Wagnerian Caesar He is simply very human, very middle class, rôles, Angelo Neumann,in his admirable book “Per- very old- fashioned American. Noris he a genius. sonalRecollections of RichardWagner,” mentions Rut he is one of the strongest men in the world because thesad case of EmilScaria, perhaps the greatest he is such a boilingfountain of restless,nervous, ag- Wotan ever heard, and describes how he had to, be led gressive,almost hysterical force; because he has the fromthe stage, in a Wagnerperformance at Vienna, middle-class commonsense to direct this in the way his having lost his reason. countrymen approve mostly; because he believes utterly It is thestraining after effect, the fruitless search in himself, and because he has al! middle-class America forthe correct pose, the exact intonation, the feeling solidly at hisback. And it is because of thislast, andthe intention of themaster that produced the chiefly,, thathe is a peril. Heincarnates the American worryand the insanity. In Italian opera the art is spirit, which is the spirit to succeed with precious little simpleand clear, and you attain itor you do not heed tomeans and methods employed. The American attainit,there is nomiddle ground. InWagner climategives all Americans, more or less, the same there is a middleground, which consists of the JULY 14, 246 THE NEW AGE 1910 moving bogs of errorand illusion. Italianmusic Only those who have passed through the magic circle is likeItalian dancing, a bunglercannot succeed in of sounds,which have been repeatedly plunged in a it. To sprawlabout the stage in all sortsof cheap musicalvortex of emotions,can tell us with any au- andfacile attitudes is not dancing, and this sprawling thority what theexaltation islike, and even then andposing can be attained by anyonewho cares to wordscan never be made to describethe sensations practise it for a few weeks dressed in a flimsy costume. andstates created by thetransports of vocal music. But it requires some grace to stand on your toes with It was in thesummer of 1871 at Baden-Badenthat I thedesired effect, andstill more grace and dexterity firstmet Madame Viardot-Garcia. had I gone to to whirl yourself about the stage as if you were assisted Badenon a visit to somefriends living there, and by invisiblewings. During the past thirty or forty shortly after my arrival I was induced by the Bishop of yearsthe stage has lost the sense of proportionand Baden-Badento sing in thecathedral at High Mass; discrimination,and licence has ruled over artand in- andamong the invitations which my successbrought spiration. In the lyrical world it is casier to shout than onthis occasion was a cordial one from Madarne to sing-, andperhaps this is the reason the Wagnerian Viardot-Garcia, who was still at her villa in the Lichten- roles have been shouted up andthe great Italian thalerAllée near the celebrated gaming rooms. roles howled down. No onecan induce meto believe Baden-Baden was atthat time the most fashionable thatthe rôle of Kundry is as difficult to sing as the summerresort in Europe; the Kingand Queen of role of LucreziaBorgia, of Fides or Valentina. Art Prussiaspent the summer there, Johann Strauss, the consists in absolute knowledge, absoluteassurance, Viennese waltzcomposedking,the the of and a sereneapplication of knowledge to time,place, “ Fledermaus,” was therefrom Vienna, with his and condition. At its highest it has no place for guess- famousorchestra, whose open-air performances every work,no time for trying, and, above all, noinclina- afternoonand evening were to thousands of visitors tionfor risks and experiments. In spite of its spiritual perpetualmusical feasts, as free as airand as light naturethere is in all artsomething mathematical and andrefreshing ; while at theopera some of the most precise.In Italian opera of the old school themusic gifted singers were io be heard, with Gabrielle Krauss is as fixed as themultiplication table. ‘The notes to from the Paris Opera as leading star. be sung are there, and all through the score the singer The greatest waltz composerthe world has ever mustsing the notes with the correct accent and the known, the composer of the “ Blue Danube ” and correctphrasing. In Wagner’s “Ring ” thereare several hundred other waltzes, all more or less popular, alwaystwothreeor artists who wrestlewith Strauss was the principal musical attraction of Baden ; thepartlike so manyathletes or amazons. he was a nervous andelectric man, who inspired the I rememberpoor Alvary as Tannhäuser (at Bayreuth). whole orchestra with his personality. People event to Long before the night fixed for the first performance he see him conduct as they would to a show. All his best explained tome at his residence all aboutthe high waltzes were heard hereduring the season, but for note to be attacked, and how most of the tenors had to me his genius was notdisplayed so much in his omitthis note. At last, after he had spent months of waltzes as in the introductions. I was never moved hard work on “Tannhäuser ” we heard the high note, to enthusiasm by Viennesewaltz music, not even by emittedwith the greatest difficulty, and thepain we the“Blue Danube,” conducted by thecomposer, but experiencedspoiled for us the whole of that scene. At I could sitfor hours enjoying Strauss’s “ introduc- thattime lovers of Wagnerwere still fighting hard tion,” if I could hearthem played alone as composi- battles for the glory of the Bayreuth performances, and tions by themselves. in the notice I wrote of this performance for my Paris Thisbeautiful little town was the half-way house journal I purposely refrained frommentioning betweenVienna and Paris, between Italyand Russia. Alvary’sfailure to sing thisexceedingly difficult role Itspleasures were those of Viennaand Paris, the as itought to be sung. Such battles are no longer general atmospherethat symbolised by thetone, the necessary,. andwe can now speak plainly. Thetruth movement and the character of the waltz; the Strauss is, in theirefforts to render Wagner triumphant, al! music made the famousroulette wheels humwith a alongthe line music lovers passed over the blemishes merriersound, and themazes of thewaltz prepared in themusic and the singing on all occasions,and in many a visitor for the still more intoxicating mazes of thisway the errors and blunders have at lastbecome thegreen tables so close at hand.Who knows how like a legitimate part of every Wagnerian rôle. Never- manysuicides were prevented by the Vienneseband theless, a reaction is at hand.The tirne has come to with its light,but optimistic melodies? The musical repudiateshouting, screaming, facial contortions, the imaginationbalks at the mere suggestion of theor- husky tenor,and the hustling sopranos, the absurd chestra greeting the victims of the roulette tables with leit motif,the mixture of metaphysicsand musical airssuch as “ Ah, I havesighed to rest me,” from drama. There is nosuch thing as philosophicalmusic. “ Trovatore,”or “ Adieu tothe Past,” from “ La We might as well talk of philosophicalacting. All art Traviata.” with the Black Forest so near at hand. developsand proceeds by stages of three.When the Baden-Baden was a meetingplace for the greatsst thirdand last stage is achievedthe recession begins. writers, composers, and artists of France, Russia, Ger- WithDebussy and others of the new schools weare many and Austria, and it was no mere stroke of chance in thesecond stage of thereaction. ’The next will thatcaused Viardot-Garcia, the most cosmopolitan land us in a full revival of all thegreat operas of lyrical artist that ever appeared on the stage, to make Meyerbeer,VerdiMozart.and Oneday we her home in this fascinating spot. shallhear “Come e bello ” sung as it should be in Here she had a court of her own, where she cm- “LucreziaBorgia,” although I mustconfess Inever versed fluently in half-a-dozenlanguages, a Spaniard heardit perfectly sung, noteven by Titjensat Covent by temperament, a Frenchwoman by marriage,a Ger- Garden in theseventies. Such music is only forthe man in philosophy, and by herlong and enigmatical true divas of the lyrical stage. friendshipwith Tourgenieff sufficiently Russianto II. manage, if she did notunderstand, that genialand During the past hundred years the operatic stage has unrivalled enigma.Her villa atBaden-Baden was a seen threesupreme dramatic singers- Schröder- world of artand romance, where to thelast she was Devrient,Pauline Viardot-Garcia, and Hedwig fetedand honoured by poets,composers, and social Reicher--Kindermann--whodid so muchfor Wagner’ leaders.Amidst all the glory and flatter? she remained music.She passed away at the age of twenty-nine at not only the mistress of her talent, but of her destiny, Trieste after a series of unparalleled successes in Italy. being in thisunlike her gifted sister, Malibran, who, Neumannin his “ Recollections of Wagner ” says : by herlife of incessantmusical and social agitation “ Like a voice from a far-off worldrang out her ruined her health and died at the age of twenty-eight. mightytones--deep, mystical, soul-reaching, and con- On my first visit tothe Viardot villa Iwas some- vincing:’’ No singeron the Wagnerian stage has what surprised to sec a woman with features so plain. everequalled her, as no singer on the French stage Her age was about fifty, andshe had that dignity has ever equalled Pauline-Viardot-Garcia. which is natura! to Spaniards of distinction, but, after JULY 14,1910 THE NEW AGE 247 being in her presence a short time, her face became so animatedthat I thoughther almost handsome. I The Philosophy of a Don. soonbecame convinced that her many triumphs had not been the result of a charming face and a beautiful XVII.--A Plea for Polygamy. complexion,aided by conventional singing and the ECHOESof theDivorce question now so muchdis- banal praises of conventional critics. In Paris I had met cussedhave penetrated even into the semi-monastic musicaldirectors and professors such as Wartel,the precincts of St.Mark’s and aroused among its teacher of JennyLind and Nilsson, Luigi de Sievers, inmatesemotions approaching to mild interest. whogave Rossini lessons on theorgan, Samuel “Of course, you, as a man of theworld, know David,Auber, and others, but Viardot-Garcia was a moreabout these things than any of us,’’ said tome personality the like of whom I had never encountered. our Junior Dean at dinner. We talked of music,singing, and expecially of impro- Theremark, if itcame from anybody else, would visation.She had much to sayabout Liszt, Chopin, havepleased me. But,coming from that saintly Thalberg,and Kalkbrenner. She was particularly in- youth,it put me on my guard. have reasonsto terested in hearing about my reception by Auber,who I suspect that our Junior Dean is a littlejealous of me, wasDirector of theConservatoire during my first andthat he misses no opportunity for making me sojourn in Paris. look ridiculous. Infact, I maysay it withoutany Onone occasion, in the evening, Madame Viardot- Garciasang the principal air from Fides in “Le exaggerationorrancour, he spends a considerable portion of his limitlessleisure laying traps for me. Prophète,”the rôle she created atthe Académie I spend,perforce, an equalportion of mine evadingthe Royale de Musique, in Paris,under the direction of same; whichis an excellent training in circumspec- Meyerbeer,the composer of theopera, and I then tion,self-control, and tact, but not very agreeable. realised the full meaning of Alfredde Musset’s words “My knowledge,” Ireplied with calculated modesty, whenhe said of her : “ Elle posséde le grandsecret desartistes; avant d’exprimer elle sent. Ce n’est pas “such as it is, is purelyexoteric,”-and there the sa voixqu’elle écoutec’est son coeur.” But I think matter dropped. At thesame time, I feltthat I owed it to myself Heine’s account of her singing hest expresses my own sensationson that memorable evening Writing of to keep up myreputation as a man of the world, and withthat end in view decidedI toapproach my music in Paris in the’forties, he says : “Despitethe friendShav : havenever known Shav failto offer presencehere of.that charming couple, Mario I and solution, wise orotherwise, toany riddle pro- Grisi, we missMadame Pauline Viardot, or, as we a pounded to him, invitedhim to littletête-a prefer to callher, La Garcia.She is notreplaced, and So I a tetevegetarian meal in my rooms;and his wisdom, no onecan replace her. She is not anightingale who has only thesingle talent of herkind, and who ex- quickened by thejuice of thevarious viands and beverages provided for the purpose, proved even more quisitely sobs andtrills in thestyle of spring, nor is she a rose,for she is ugly,hut of a kind of ugliness copiousand unexpected than usual. that is noble-I might almost say beautiful, and which “Obviously,”he said, as he finished his second oftenenraptured the great painter of lions, Delacroix. bottle of Apollinaris, “the only radical and final Infact, Madame Garcia reminds us much less of remedyfor any evil is theremoval of its cause. civilisedbeauty and the tame grace of our European Divorce is an evil caused by marriage.Abolish homeland,than of thestrange splendour of an exotic marriage,and divorce disappears automatically. But wilderness; and in manyperiods of herpassionate I amaware that such an ideal solution is fartoo singing, as when she opens too widely her great mouth simple and sensible to suit the English mind.” withits dazzling white teeth, and smiles withsuch “Let us, then,descend from the heights of the horriblesweetness and such a gracefullycharming ideal theto humble plane of practicalEnglish grimace,one feels at theinstant as if the mostmar- politics,” said I. “Do you condemnmarriage vellous and monstrous growths and living creatures of altogether ?” Indiaand Africa were before us; as if giantpalms “Why, no,” he replied,stroking his beard. “ I enlaced by thousand-flowered lianas were shootingup have heard it statedthat marriage invariably ruins a allaround; nor would one beastonished if sudddly a man’s career and a woman’s character. But, as the leopard or a giraffe, or even a herd of young elephants author of thestatement was a charmingspinster of shouldrun across the stage. Quels prétinements ! tenderyears, I think it isworth its weight ingold- quels coups de trompe ! quel talent grandiose !” andnot a scruplemore. Personally, it is true,I am PaulineViardot-Garcia was one of thefew lyrical quitefree from that insane anxiety, I haveobserved artistswho succeeded in captivatingpoets, writers, in so manymen and women of myacquaintance,, to critics,and composers alike. I hadheard, atthe seetheir features and their, so to speak, souls-in ParisOpera, Madame Niolan Carvalho as Marguerite one word, what they like to describe as their ‘ selves ’ in Gounod’s “ Faust,”her original role, Titjens at --perpetuated. I considerthat sort of thingvulgar, CoventGarden, and, at the opera in Baden-Baden unreasonable,and rather unkind to posterity. Besides, Gabrielle Krauss, the leading singer of the Paris opera I don’t at all seewhat satisfaction they can possibly of that year, but all these faded away from the memory expect to reap from posthumous pushing.” afterhearing La Garcia.What Heine wrote was “My dearShav, you leave human nature out of true.She was a greatcreative personality, and it is yourcalculations, as usual. The satirist may laugh, not so surprisingthat Tougenieff remained underher the sag-e may preach, but Reason herself must respect spell fromthe first time he heard her sing- at Moscow the prejudices and habits which have been consecrated in 1841 when she was twenty,until his death, a by theexperience of mankind. We all wish to live period of close uponforty years. The Garciafamily inthe persons of our descendants.Itmay be an was themost wonderful family of moderntimes, and unreasonableinstinct that prompts us to extendthe Pauline Garcia one of the four most wonderful women span of lifeallotted to us by Nature-todo, as it living in the period from 1840 to the end of the century, were,Death out of his prey. Butthis instinct is so the otherthree being Lettizia Bonaparte-Rattazzi, irresistible and so universal that it must have its roots George Sand, and Princesse Heléne Racowitza George deep in some common necessity-it mustsubserve Sand was the only one of thefour whom I did not some greatpurpose in thegeneral system of things.” knowpersonally. They were all masters of men. In “Suchimaginary longevity has no attraction for theirhands men of talentoften became as puttyand me. It would haveno attraction even if it werenot genius as potter’sclay. To writeabout these cele- imaginary.The knowledge that parts of meare still britieswith anything like historical accuracy would haunting the earth would make me very bad company meanwriting about all thegreatest men in theworld to my brother-angels in heaven.But, for all that,I of art,literature, politics, and music of Continental entertain no disrespectfor the married state in the Europefrom 1840 to theclose of the century. I could abstract.haveknown Iseveral comparatively easily fill a volume withthe anecdotes and legends I estimable people white and eventhrive, in thatstate.” heardconcerning them in Paris and elsewhere. “ T congratulate you on yournew-born tolerance 248 THE NEW AGE JULY 14,1910

Shav,”said ‘I, pleased tu find myfriend in so tem- howdo you makeyour thesis out? What arethe perate a frame of mind,though I knew, of course, observations you base it on?” thatit was largelythe effect of thecongenial repast “Most of the so-called loweranimals are Ihad carefully planned for him. monogamous-a proof positive of theirlimitations. “I amalways tolerant of theweaknesses of my Onthe other hand, every schoolmaster knows the inferiors-by theway, is thereany more Apollinaris Greekstory of theartist who got half-a-dazenbeau- in thehouse?” tiful women to sit to him for a portrait of Helen : each Isearched in thebook-case where Cripps keeps my supplyinghim with a portion of his ideal of perfect drinks. beauty.” “Iam sorry I can find nothingbut port and “But the ordinary man, my dear Shav, is not---” Rosbach. ” “Of course, I know that the ordinary man does not “As a generalrule I don’tcare to mix drinks; but think of thesethings rationally; if, indeed,he thinks I will riskitthis time. Let me have a bottle of at all. He likes to believethat love will last for ever. Rosbach.” Butwe know that it does not. Does anything last “ My objection,”he resumed, presently, “is not so long?” to the prejudice, or, if you like to call it principle, that “Perhapsnot; but the ideal at which we aim is a underliesmarriage, but to thesuperstructure.” fine one.” “The idealmay be fine, butit is hopelessly out of “ What do you mean?” I asked,, beginning to smell a heresy-theresult, I couldnot help thinking, of date.There is about it a calmassumption of finality Rosbachon top of Apollinaris. utterly at variance with experience and most irritating ‘(Atthe risk of beingdenounced as toounoriginal thetorational mind-an assumptionwhich was andcommonplace, I ambound to confess that I con- knocked on the head, if it ever had one, when Revela- tionwas superseded by Evolution. As everybody now sider monogamy a mistake. ” recognises,nothing is final. Thelaw that governs “ Oh !”-that was all I could say : so profound was my astonishment, so poignant my scandalisation. the universe is a ceaseless movement-call it progress, “Theinstitution,” Shav went on, quite inconscient transformation,re-creation or what you will; but you of hisown irreverence, “evidently owes Its existence can no longer, if you are a man of any pretensions to toan uncommonly unintelligent fallacy-the popular education,call anything fixed, permanent, or final. notion that man can love only one woman rind woman Nothing is final in life-not evendeath : nothing, I only one man : a notion which I cannot but regard as mean,except stupidity-that is eternal.” unwarrantable,vulgar, and humiliating. One would “ You maybe right in theory;but, viewed from a thinkthat human beings were made in pairs, like practicalstandpoint,, monogamy----” gloves and shoes !” “Don’twaste your breath. I have thoughtit all

“ But are they not ?” I asked. out.Listen. Apart from its theoretical unsoundness, “ I have an idea,” he replied, “that the world would monogamy, I have decided, is condemnableon prac- run smoother and faster if it was not tied down. But to ticalgrounds. It is a mischievoushabit, and the evils thisaspect of thequestion I will revertlater. For which flow fromit are both negative and positive. the present it is sufficient to point out that the popular Thenegative evil is thatthe obligation to marry only ‘ One man one woman ’ maxim assumes that the emo- one woman detersthe wisest of menfrom marrying tionalcapacity of thehuman heart is a limited at all. Fools,naturally, rush into monogamy, as into quantitywith which man is endowed at theoutset of everyother venture, blindfold. But the wise man hislife, and that it can admit of no indefiniteexten- who, ere he leaps, likes to look bothback and before, sion. It is, of course,acknowledged that there are reflects that love doesnot last forever. Heknows possibleexceptions-persons of super-humanvitality that a time will comewhen she will beno longer all- andvolcanic affections, like the late Jupiter and gods sufficing to him; when he will be no longer all-sufficing of thatsort. But, it is objected,those persons do not toher; when they will havethoroughly explored one count.Theordinary respectable mortal has no another-reachedone another’s limits --learnt one vitality to spare. If his lovecovers a largearea, you anotherby heart-when, in a singleword, they will maybe sure it isspread very thin.Bah !” bedisillusioned. A wiseman realises all this and, ((That is certainlymy view,’’ said I. “ One has a realisingit, he shies atthe monotony of matrimony naturaldisposition to forgivegods. There hangs underexisting conditions. Thomas would marry aroundthem an atmosphere of omnipotence in which Thomasina with pleasure, but he is afraid of onlyone commonethics lose their pertinence. Jupiter, for perpetualwife.” instance, as youhave justly observed, was capable of “ My dear Shav----” anything. His loveswere, seems, it of such a ‘(Or,to come to the positive side of theaccount, quality as to bearendless division and multiplication. supposethat in a fit of absent-mindedness,or while He was known, if my recollection of classical theology temporarily insane, an otherwise sensible man has com- is correct, to be possessedby seven distinct infatua- mittedthe fatal error, and the day of disillusionhas tions at oneand the same time. But, my dear Shav, dawned-whatis the result? A life souredby suspi- we do not live on Olympus, and the standardsof conduct cionand daily irritation, or, atbest, spoilt by satiety acceptedheavenin would shock most decent andconjugal frost. Such was, beyond a doubt,the inhabitants of theearth. The man who lovesevery picturewhich the sage contemplatedwhen he gave prettywoman he meets must be singularlyfickle or utteranceto the terrible truism : ‘ Marriage is the singularlydeficient in taste.The love of such a man tomb of love.’ ” mustbe rated very low. Thesame, of course,applies “The experienceis by nomeans general,” said I. towoman. This view is so wide-spreadthat it may “ It is unil-ersal,”retorted Shav, attackinghis fifth safely be taken as part of theordinary decent-minded bottle of Rosbach.‘(Among birds, doves are man’sphilosophy of life.” notoriousfor their monogamous propensities and, as “ A passingcrude and rough affair !” saidShav. everyone who haspaid any attention to thesubject “ Besides, it is a highlypessimistic view, implying a admits,there is nomore ill-tempered or undesirable very meanestimate of humannature and its Capa- companion on the face of the earth than the bird which, bilities. I will confidentlyassert-and my assertion by an exceptionallyinfelicitous poetic fiction, is is amply corroborated by observation-that love is not regarded as anemblem of peaceand innocence.” a limitedquantity but a dynamicquality, growing in “I know nothing about doves,” said I, with dignity. volumewith experience and opportunity : mandoes “Neitherdo I. But I havebeen assured by those notlove one woman. He loves one, two, three, ten, whodo that doves luxuriate in such a licence of a hundred,according individualto capacity. The languagethat the mutual altercations of a pair of morehighly developed and many-sided a man is, the doves,could they be interpreted into human speech more womenhe is bound to love. May I troubleyou wouldbring a blushinto anactress’s check-that is, for anotherbottle of Rosbach?” of course, if theactress happened to be near; that it “Certainly,” I said,producing the beverage. “ But would make a Londoncabman turn green with envy, JULY 14, 1910 THE NEW AGE 249 and a greentomato red withshame. The fact speaks Persia,and wives-perfectly respectable in Turkey or for itself. ” Persia, perfectlyhorrid in England. Pooh ! It its as “I wouldn’t take the life of a pair of doves as typical plain as daylightthat who base their objections to of allconjugal life.” polygamyon morality are buildingin a profoundly “The exhibition of connubialdiscord have I shallow and constantly shifting soil.” described is by nomeans confined to doves. I “Even if therewere nothing else againstit, poly- have onlyused it as an illustration.But, even if gamy would multiplydomestic quarrels,” I urged. thecontracting parties are not possessed of a suf- “I don’tsee why itshould. Dr. Johnson observed ficiently pronouncedindividuality toattain the depths that no wise woman ever complained of her husband’s of disillusionI havedepicted, one wife is as preju- infidelities. Apasha’s wives feel no jealousy towards dicial to a man’sdevelopment as isone idea. She eachother. What reasonhave you forassuming that eithernarrows him into idiocy, or she bores him into Englishwomen are less wise than Turkish women? But precocioussenility. And sinceornithology does not even if plurality of wives in an English household pro- appeal to you, I will give you a botanical illustation : duced a multiplicity of quarrels-surelyit is betterto the life of a manwith a single,all-absorbing wife is quarrelthan to be bored? Anything is better than like the life of the date-palm, which has only one bud stagnation.” -at thetop of its dull,jejune trunk. If that bud “Most people prefer stagnation to strife andstorm. dies, the whole tree dies. Itwithers for want of sap. But that is, of course, a matter of taste and tempera- The fact is a pamphlet for those who have understand- ment. Thereis a moreserious argument against ing to understand. In lessambitious style, one might polygamy-an argumentbased on a solid statistical saythat monogamy is a speculationinvolving the law : theapproximate equality, in nearlyevery part dangertraditionally associated with the transaction of of theworld, between thenumbers of maleand putting all of one’s eggs into one basket--a danger to femalebirths. For thisreason, if for noother, a which no prudentcapitalist would voluntarilyexpose maritalcode claiming to be universal must,from the himself. In brief, my dear fellow,like all thatis very nature of things, rest on monogamy.” fixed andlimited, one everlasting wifemeans stagna- “Your argument owes such force as it may have to tion.Perfect civilisation cannot be attained by stag- theassumption that polygamy is to be auniversal nation. Inthis respect, the Mohammedans are ahead institution.But polygamy, my dear fellow, claims of us. And look atthe result : thereare no illegiti- nothing so plebeian. It is, as I have most conclusively mate children,no priestesses of Astarte, no deserted proved, an institutionsuitable only totwo extreme wives,no wife-trodden husbands,no unsavoury sins classes of humanity : the supremely barbarous and the orscandals in Mohammedansociety.” supremelycivilised; and neither of thoseclasses is “The Mohammedans are notcivilised,” I protested. verylarge. The latter, at allevents, with which I am “ Extremes meet.Polygamy at one end ofthe solely concerned,is, fromthe very nature of things, scalemay be the outcome of meregross animalism; sadlylimited. Therefore, polygamy, though impos- at the other endit is the supreme and ultimate flower sible as a universalinstitution, may, in reference to of intellectualism.Civilisation evolves from the com- supermen, easily prove what dramatic critics designate plex to the simple up to a certain stage; then from the a mad success.” simple tothe complex. The Greekshad reached “What aboutthe women ?” Iasked. “Wou!d they simplicity. We haveadvanced a little further-if not consent ?” yet quite as far as the Harem, certainly as far as the “ I believe that all advanced women will hail poly- DivorceCourt. For, rationally viewed, whatis gamyenthusiastically, provided, of course, thatman divorce butan attempt to reconcile the needs of the allows them the same latitude which he claims for him- presentwith the prejudices of thepast? Instead of self.The dictum that woman loves butonce in her being allowed tomarry several wives simultaneously, lifeand loves tothe bitter end, is another exploded we are permitted marryto them successively-a fallacy. The modernwoman isjust as versatile, as clumsyand cowardly compromise entailing enormous ambitious for self-realisationand as fond cf variety waste of energy,time, and money-a poorconcession asthe modernman. Lether, then, enjoy an equal to Reason-a stupidsubstitute for polygamy. Pooh !” freedom of choice in a matter which concerns her just as much.Perfect liberty and equality should be the “ You aretoo absurd when youappeal to history. Haven’t you heard it said about the Renaissance that, truelegislator’s maxim. If we areto have polygamy when man had evolved to a point where he loved one why not also have polyandry?” womanwith anabsorbing love, the rosy light of “I am afraid no social institution built on such lines civilisation dawned in the east ?” could last. “ “It wascertainly light, compared with thepalpable “ The highestmerit of anysocial institution is darkness of the Middle Age;but, compared with the artisticsymmetry, and the best guarantee for its light of the present day, it was only morning twilight stability is logicalequilibrium. When all is said, a We have evolved to a higherpoint than the one woman is only a sterner sort of man, and what is food reached by Petrarchand Laura, and their ideas on for the gander cannot be poison for the goose.” love, judged bya twentieth century standard, are as “Pendingthis idealsolution, what are sensible obsolete as theirideas on locomotion.Monogamy in people todo?” I asked,giving up theargument in anage of motorcars and flyingmachines is a gro- despair. tesqueand melancholy anachronism.” “They can go on getting married in their shockingly “So, if you had it in your power, you would sanction respectable monogamous fashion, but on the clear and polygamy ?” solemn mutual understanding that their marriage shall “ Most decidedly. “ only lastas long as love endures. They may signan “Would it not be rather immoral ?” agreementto this effect : ‘ We, neitherof us, are “ Not in theleast. Moralityis as liable to change anxiousto have our livesstaled. Should a time ever asanything else. Likecommonsense, like climate, or comewhen either of us will be weary of theother, like a fashion in clothes,it is never thesame in two all that he, or she, need say is “I love you no longer. agesor countries. It is all a matter of latitude. I must be free ”-and the knot is cut; the same agree- Rameses, King of Egypt,married hisfavourite mentholding valid in theevent of either of US daughter.In so doing, he, nodoubt, conformed separately or both simultaneously meeting anyone who scrupulously tothe ethicalfashion ofhis day. Again, pleases usbetter.’ In this manner the wholequestion Solomon and wives-perfectly respectable in Palestine. is simplified and felicity,in a measure,assured. Of Or, take PtoIemies and kings of that class : they mar- course, I recognisethat, deep beneath this rational ried theirown sisters. wasIt considered quite agreement,there may alwayslurk in boththe con- correctthen, it would beconsidered quite scandalous tractingparties a foolish,,old-fashioned, unreasoning now, of course. It may be quitecorrect again a few predudice--a remnant of ancestralbarbarism-that, centuries hence. Even atthe presenthour, change howeverIong they may live and however diligently theenvironment : Sultan of Turkey,orShah of theymay search, they will never find anyone who 250 THE NEW AGE JULY 14, 1910

shallplease them better. But all that I would sayto churchesprotest that no manwho fails to believe as themis : ‘ Wait and see.’ Meanwhile, I wishyou, I they believe possessesfaith, and seeing faith so inter- my dear fellow, a verygood andrestful night. I have pretedit is no wonder that men who havefelt them- enjoyed my dinner thoroughly. ” selves unanimously pushed out of the churches consider Forsome reason or other-perhaps owing to the themselvesoftentimes pushed out of religion as well. unaccustomedviands and liquors hadI so stoically But how can a man whose desires and energies remain consumed--asundressedI to go to bed, I caught to him even after ecclesiastical censure cease to be a be- myself conjugating all theGreek irregular verbs in liever,notwithstanding his attitude to other people’s alphabeticalorder, beginning with omega. opinions? If a man of science works for truth, has he not the belief that truth is worth finding, and has he not the belief that he or hissuccessors will beable to find truth,and that truth ultimately will make itself On Trying Again. known and accepted in spite of every kind of resistance3 And if a socialreformer has been rejectedby the By Holbein Bagman. churches for wishing to change the laws of Church and State-if he goes on working, must he not have found commonencouragement of infants,young folk, THAT thefaith inwhich towork? And if he diesfor his andbeginners generally, of which thereader is re- faith, as many a questioner and denier has done, has he minded by the heading of this paper, seems to enlarge not been faithful? itsmeaning as we enlargeour acquaintance with the Tell me to what faithfulness in deeds corresponds if world. “ If at first you don’t succeed, tryagain.” not to faith which mightbe expressed in words? The What is hereincluded, in thefamiliar precept of our reformer may not be able to communicate his faith in nursery instructress, but the entire significance of poli- any form of confession. His confession is in his deeds; tics, philosophy, andreligion? Out of themouths of and I believe that manypeople in the present day are preferringdeeds beforewords. For onereason, words theappointed guardians of babesand sucklings the are so full of perplexity, so uncertain in their meanings, conclusion of aGoethe, who said that everypower in andthe churches have made such an abuse of them theuniverse hastens to the aid of a well-directed We must be willing to read men’s faith in their actions, endeavour. Men of science andaction, artists and and in factactions are a better ‘index tofaith than reformers,prophets and philosophers, whatever the languagecan be. Ourdeeds are always deeper than belief or no belief theyhave made explicit to them- our words, and hold more of meaning. It is the mean- ing of our deeds which we try to express in words, and selves,seem toagree, whentheir actions speak for our lifeisdeeper thanour understanding. Words them, that the world is governed by will and by idea. only show us the little bit of life that we have compre- For the faith is as implicit in effort itself as it is in the hended and made clear to ourselves. Speech is silvern, axiom with which our first efforts were stimulated, that but silence, that is tosay action, is golden. In men’s the universe and ourselves are in a harmony towards doings we are entitled to look for theirfaith, even ultimate purposes. though by professionthey should have denied faith altogether. Me wholives a better life than I holds Common-sense andinspiration here seem to bein a better faith than I, hisinfidelity or agnosticismnot- agreement.Thecommon-sense of the Gospels, withstanding. It hasoften happened that a man who “ Knock,and itshall be opened unto you,” accords has done well has not left himself over enough energy well withthe saying of Mahomet,who, fleeing across to explain himself well. Or hemay have been born, the desert from the hands of those who could not receive otherwise than in his actions, inarticulate. new ideas, denied to his one trembling companion that If faith in perseveranceimplies faith in a will that aids our own, or expresses itself through our own, then they two were alone. “ Is there not a third with us? ” all men are believers, and we must look for some other What was this but outspokenreliance upon a will we criterion of faiththan the ecclesiastical. Pt is impor- all invoke unconsciously when we counsel perseverance? tantthat Socialists, for whomparticularly I write. The agnostic and the denier of all beliefs, I cannot but shouldclear theirminds upon thismatter. By the think, show the same faith implicit in themselves when ignorant, and by the ignorant only, we are supposed to they set to work and win a brave heart for new endea- be hostile to religion. Now theignorant are found in vours with theaid of theapparently innocuous axiom our own ranks as well as in theranks of ourcritics. “ There are even Socialists who believe that Socialism has ‘‘ If at first you don’t succeed. . . . nothing to do withreligion, or is an attack upon reli- I should define faith as the belief that good for man gion. No opinion, to my way of thinking could be is secured by human effort andnot by human effort moreinaccurate. The very essence of Socialism is alone. ’There maybe more in faiththan this, some- belief in trying again, and something of what that belief thing even that defines or prognosticates the good, but implies I have been endeal-ouring to say in this paper there certainly is not less. Our nursery axiom contains ’‘ Society,”said Thomas Will Green, “ is governed not by force but by will.”Socialism is anattempt the irreducible minimum of faith, the minimum without once more to bring the institutions and habits of society whichaction cannot take place, or taking placecon- into a truerconformity with the social will. That will tradictsthe denials of theactor. How can hope live towardsprogress did not have its origin in my brain in a world from which belief is absent? He who hopes nor yours nor in all thebrains of theSocialist move- believes, orat least betrays hisunwillingness toset ment. It is the will of mankind, which we cantrace limits to possibility. Thedoers are the credulous back to the will that worked in mammal, in reptile, in fish, in mollusc, and in all the still earlier forms of life Laborare est orare. which appeared beforeyet there was a dawn of self- From this point of view it is easy to see that he who consciousness The Socialistwho is intelligent knows lives a better life than I holds a betterfaith than I, himself theagent of a powerwhich can be perceived evenwere I an archbishop. We owe tothe churches along all the line of evolution. In words that are thedarkening of thismatter. The churches, which usually miserably misapplied to the self-righteous, it is everywhere were founded in their origin on some simple not his own will which the Socialist has come todo, but the will of theFather whosent him. Thetrue faith,have hardened their beliefs intocreeds, and strength of the Socialist movement lies in this convic- fastened into their creeds the accidental and temporary tion,and if we canclear our minds of confusion we whichscience hasdetected. Modern thinkingand shall find the Kingdom opening before us of joyful faith, knowledge rejects the creeds of the churches, and doing as well as the kingdom we have already won (by means so supposes itself to reject faithaltogether. The of Ferrer and others) of the martyr’s firmness. JULY 14, 1910 THENEW AGE 251

andthirty years old. That he earns his living as an The Allied Artists’ Association. extremely efficient teacher in a provincialtown is a By Walter Sickert. proofthat he knows hisbusiness. He wastalking to me the other day about his pictures, which he prepares IT is certainthat a sharpersense of reality has rather slowly in the intervals left him by his teaching. invaded art criticismin London lately. We are a long I thinkhe has two afternoons a weekfree. His pay wayfrom Whistler’s snippet (was it from the “Daily isnot extravagant, but as hesays, he can afford to Telegraph ” ?) “thearchimago of theiconographic prepare work, to pay for models, materials and frames aoraton.”Mr. Robert Ross hasthe courage to say, if, when he has done it, he can be certain of his work in the “ MorningPost ” of July 5, whatwe have all beingseen in London. Whathe cannot afford is to thoughtfor forty years, that Du Maurier was “not prepare work that he has to submit to a jury, who may a draughtsman at all,” andto support this opinion or may not accept it. He may be rejected for a matter withclear and cogent reasoning. Mr. Walter Bayes, of ten years. These things happen constantly. in the “ Athenaeum ” of July 2, penetrates to the truth What I want to make clear is that I am not appeal- about the departure of great pictures to America, and ingfrom the judgments of thesejuries, oraccusing hasthe courage to express his opinionclearly. “Art them ofintolerance. It mayeven be illuminating to wasmeant to circulate,” says Mr. Bayes, “and when admitthat, of the many juries on which I have been, a work of arthas reached that point of success at I should count myself as rather among the items who which it becomes afetish, a centre of accretion in the madefor exclusion, than for inclusion. Juries that are way of lifelessimitations, it may speedily form a clot askedto select pictures for a limitedspace cannot be activelydangerous, if allowedto remain in anycon- too severe. They are there to set up and uphold their gestedpart of thecirculatory system.” standard,such as it is, and they cannot make that Sorely as a critic may be tempted by apathy or good- standard too high according to their lights. nature, or sometimes, be it.said, by the entire absence “Accordingto their lights.” That is the Iimitation of definiteconviction of anykind, to drop into the underwhich we all suffer. A juryinsensibly gives a amiable routine phrases of least resistance, the motives direction, emphasises a fashion; and the most vital and for ,not giving way to this temptation are urgent, and interesting work, the work that contains the germs of must be paramount.The useful critic is the one who interesting growth is often not only out of the current remembersthat he is one party to a contract. He has fashion, but violently opposed to it. Or even when they somespecial knowledge, or should have, and he is are notthe most vital and interesting painters, a cer- paid,like a wine or spirit taster, for his opinion,such tain number of men may have started on a road which as it is, irrespective of theulterior consequences that is parallel with, or which diverges from the line which mayaccrue from the expression of hisopinion. No isin fashion. They may be unable, or they may have progress is possibleexcept on these lines, and the no desire, to conform. There is a risk that these crafts- comfortableor good-natured view of a critic’sduties menwho, to take the lowest ground for them, keep renders him notuseless but actively noxious. A critic alive a wholesome variety in art, whose work serves as of thatkind forgets the most important section of a reminder of roads departed from, whose pictures are his readers. He forgets that the world is not composed concurrent object-lessons with the fashionable product, only of the tiny circle of intellectuals in the capital who object-lessonsfrom which each observer may draw his all know each other, and each others’ opinions can dis- own and several deductions; there is a considerable risk countthem and read between the lines. The people thatthese craftsmen may be stifled and silenced alto- he has to consider are the thousands he does not know, gether, to our great loss. who wisely contentthemselves with reading the lines Then consider themembers of thehanging commit- themselves. tee who are teachers of painting. Are we to carry our Ihave been accused (of whathave we not all been ferulesfrom the class-rooms into the galleries? Is it accused ?) because I have urged painters to sell at the not better that our authority should end at the doors of pricetheir work would fetch, of objectingto high our class-rooms? If welike, admire, and vote for the prices.I have been accused, because I am convinced work of our own students as against other pictures, are of thesupreme necessity for the existence of at least we not laying ourselves open to the charge of favourit- oneno-jury exhibition in England,on the lines of the ism,or at least of prejudice? If wevote against the ParisIndépendants, of assertingthat one picture is work of our own students because we do nut honestly as good as another,I, alas, the most “picksome ” of thinkit up to the mark, ought it to be we who are critics, as theysay in Sussex.In the old Bedford calledupon to effect these exclusions, on the threshold Music Hall, the dear old oblong Bedford, with the slid- of the career of young men whose fees have beenhelping ing roof, in the “days beyond recall,” before the music- to maintain us, and who probably have a more urgent halls had become two-house-a-night wells, like theatres need to sell than have their teachers? to look at,there was sung a versewhich will always All theexisting exhibitions of selected work fulfil remainwith me forits concentrated philosophy and necessaryfunctions. According as peopleare more or insight- less interested in art, so will they acquire the commodity “ Go away, naughty man, go away ! to be submittedto them unselected or selected. There One man is as bad as another! ” are collectors who like to rummage for Bibelots in the I takethis opportunity of stating publicly that i do CaledonianMarket at dawn, and others who will only not believe and never have believed that one picture is buy in Bond Streetat convenient hours. The disad- as good asanother. What I do believe is thatit was vantage of no-juryexhibitions is, of course,the mass urgent, in thepresent ferment of opinionon art, that of incompetent work that has to be waded through. In all students and painters should have equality of oppor- England,also, we are very much more disconcerted tuityto exhibit. Those with whom haveI had the by theinevitable clown than we needbe. There is privilegeto act are satisfied that they have done a generallysomeone who exhibits to secure the melan- usefulpublic work in substitutingpublic trial of pic- cholyadvertisement of guyingthe show. OurEnglish tures for trial in camera. We claim that we have kept common-sensefortunately restricts these performances the ring (is that the phrase?), and I for one do not pro- withinnarrow limits. The grossly incompetent, again, pose to walkround the Albert Hall and confer gilt- are rather discouraged than otherwise by full right to edgedand unreadable prizes, and shiny little wreaths exhibit.Nothing chills an unconsidered utterance like in paper laurel to my youngers and betters. a suddensilence, and the consciousness that a whole The no-jurysystem is newin England, and little table is lending an attentive ear. understood,for which reason it may be well thatI Butfor the growing artist an annual audience is a should for once ventilate it thoroughly in the columns of necessity. And a large,impartial indifferent audience THENEW AGE. itshould be, too diffused to be a clique.Some of the I will take my point of departure from the case of a mostinteresting reputations have been made at the young painter I know who is typical of the class with Indépendants in Paris, which has been in existence €or which it is most important that we should concern our- abouttwenty years. The Allied Artists’Association selves. He is a man somewherebetween twenty-five hasthis superiority over the Indépendants, that it has 252 THE NEW AGE JULY 14, 1910

not had to apply to the State for premises. Is the exhi- houses. I passedby low-lying meadows, by islands bition now open at the Albert Hall perhaps not a work- whereswans and cygnets clucked and fought. Then ing object-lesson of the best elements of Socialism? Is through the land of bungalows, of clumps of trees in it not a solvent, going concern founded by the poor to which,now and then, I could catch a glimpse of men helpthemselves? andgirls sitting in the grass; from an eyot came at times a stifled littlelaugh. Then I passed out cf the Windsor influence andinto the day. wasI alone, reallyalone, saving a boatwhich a youngman drove A Gentleman of England. lustily by me. A girlflaunted in the bows; shehad By W. L. George. the colour and the grace of a dark tea rose. Theyvanished, and was I again alone. Now I I TOOK off mycap and let the wind play among my pulledmore slowly, for the solitary minutes seemed hair. The air was soft as the caressing haze that rose precious; I wasalone with the blue air, the sleepy, fromthe water meadows by the roadside. Itwas ancient river, the bushes dipping low to whisper in its laden with many scents, that of hay, ripe and longing ear. As roundedI a bend I sawon the bank two forthe scythe, and of watertoo, of waterthat might boys in Etonjackets and top hats. I sighed,for beslumbrous and hide in itsbreast the memory of hereagain was another influence, Windsor of to- morrow.Idly Iwatched them, these two boys look- dead lilies. Beforeme lay the long white road, wind- ingat the river with the indifference of thosewho inginbetween two hills that were delicate and ownwhat they do not enjoy. They did not move : rounded ascups, and then vanishing to reappear only theywere. And Irealised with some bitterness that, wherethe houses begin that are Windsor town. likeWindsor town, they were. Why could not one Aboveit, white as a whiteItalian castle, against the of themthrow a stoneinto the water just to see the bluesky, blue as anItalian sky, Windsor Castle; I splash,like a realboy? As I drewnearer a curioussense of familiarity wouldhave called it beautiful had I notfelt that all cameover me; I seemed toknow one of thoseboys. wasbeautiful that day, when summer was ripening I turned round again and saw I was right; he was the andthe living blooms ablow. The rise of thetown pleasant boy I had met in the house in a square where drewme, so I pressedharder on the pedals, and, my nonemay live unless they goor have been to Eton. bicycleresponding, I sped on the road. As I rounded Hehad, I remember, struck me as a healthyboy full curves little whirlwinds of dust followed me, rising like of refreshingcontempt for the classics; he was so whitesmoke into the light air. All of it,the soft full of self-assurance asto be tonic. Then I sawthat English warmth, the green radiance of grass that feeds hewas looking at me. There was uncertainty in his from many springs, far away, among the elms the un- face;no doubt he had half forgotten me. Well, I known call of a bird,told me that I had stumbled on mustremind him of our meeting; I would landon treasure,like the Greek peasant who, finding before that bank and talk to those two boys of the licking we hisrustic altar a casket of gold,opened it and found gotat Henley and Gray’s Elegy and such like sodden in itthe joy of life. Butthen he did not recognise it. rot. So I rowedharder, put a goodregular stroke The joy of life didnot pass the gates of Windsor on;it would never do to come abreast of him without town,where the shops all boast of royalpatrons and hisobserving my powerful lethrust. As I turned condescend to favouredpeers, where many soldiers once more I smiled and saw a faint blush on his fresh walkclattering, red like beautiful vanessas, where Englishcheeks; he spoke to his companion, a tall, thereare fine carriages in thestreets and grass be- lankyyouth who, his hands deep inhis pockets, tweenthe cobbles inthe lanes. Windsor clearly merelyshook his head. wouldnot know men such as I; myjoy seemed to To reachthem I hadto steer towards the right. wane : feltI vulgar. From every window, closed As didI this I caughtsight of myyoung friend’s againstthe sun, perhapsbecause it makes no distinc- face. It bore a strangeexpression; his blush had tions,from every elegant but inhospitable Georgian deepened,and there was a queertenseness about his porch,feltI the weight of itscondescension crush mouth. Healmost looked frightened. I was so medown. I felt I mustleave Windsor, even if I surprisedthat I did notcall out, but pulled a few mustadd a littleto those twenty miles, and try and morestrokes. Then,, justabreast of them, I eased find the hostelry of my dreams, where the ale is ruddy off. Thelanky boy consideredme for a second,then andthere is anovel creaminess in thecheese, where dismissedme from the horizon and fastened his eyes thehost is not my lackey.Iwould meet men there, on a distantspire. lookedI into my friend’s face; realmen, with brown faces, large hands, men slow of hiseyes met mine, then blinked and puckered. He speechand thought, too slow to realise me fully as a shifteduneasily from one foot to the other; Icould townsmanbefore I hadgone. So turnedI down a seehis hands move convulsively in hispockets. I littlestreet linedby manyroyal shops and gave my opened my mouthspeak,to when, suddenly, he bicycleits head. In another minute though I had to raisedone hand tothe brim of hishat and sharply, stop, forbefore me lay the river. as if hewere stealing from a counter,tipped it over Theriver lay peaceful, somnolent almost, dappled hisnose. hereand there as a peacock’stail. Attimes it Foranother second I looked at them.The lanky heavedits, thin film of dust. A greatdesire came boy languidlyturned to go and,after a bravepause, uponme; wouldI leave Windsor, but by water; I myfriend followed him.Then I looked at thewater, would go a iongway up and lie amongthe sedges. I atthe water somnolent and grey, dappled here and would. . . thereas a peacock’stail, at my sandals, my tweed “ Boat, sir?” said a voice. coat, my infamouscycling stockings with which I I looked at thespeaker. Yes, this was a real haddared to defile theThames. I hadcome to the boatman,with his rough black hair, his reitre-like rivercareless of myduty, guilty of a greatcrime. noseand his blue shirt baring a hairy chest. A And now thatthe judge had examined me, found me Tudorwaterman. incapableof an explanation, unable to defend the “Yes,” I said, “ I shouldlike the royal barge.” abominable use I had made of my clothes, the abomin- “Sorrysir, can’t manage it,” he said, quite un- ablesin of having worn knickerbockers on a thwart, ruffled“but I can doyou a singlesculler.” Iwas not sentenced, but dismissed by the Windsor And soon in a singlesculler where yellow cushions atmosphere, beyond the Windsor ken. heapedon the seat made me think of onewho once Oncemore I looked regretfully at myshame, steered my bark, I was pulling up stream, watching thenafter at my young friend. He had now got to thebanks pass by lazily andthe water flash under theend of a field, and,just before climbing the stile, my eyes.How wetly it swishedunder the cutwater. stopped.he While surveyedhe awhile the un- Soon I was beyondthe familiar landscape of riverside blemishedprospect of themeadows his hand slowly towns : wharves,waterworks and immemorable boat- restored the normal position of his hat. JULY 14,1910 THE NEW AGE 253

theright way. Ittakes ten minutes tomake a Here’s Rosemary for soldier.They get a pennyfor making eight of them. Eight a pennysoldiers, madam ! That’s twopence if Remembrance. theywork twelve hours. They can’t lastmuch longerthan that usually, for the bad light makes By W. R. Titterton. theeyes dim, and the cold chillsthe fingers, andthe THISway, madam, this way, sir. No, it’snot very paintgets on the lungs, they say, and hurts. imposing at firstsight. Just an ordinary shop, it Not so uninteresting, is it,now? You seem to get looks,only the goods are more carefully ticketed. in touchwith things. Your clothes mean more to Butit’s really veryinteresting. Shows how cleverour you when you knowwhere they come from. We’re poorpeople are, madam, and how diligent, sir. Yes, all bound together, madam, there’s one thread running all done in the home. It’s beautiful, isn’t it? To think through all humanity. Some oneaway up in the of thesepretty little toys, these delicate paper flowers mountains has fever, and then you buyyour little boy comingout of theheart of the people. Out of the a summerjacket, and the fever comes skulking in people-cut out of it,you may say, sir. thefolds. A university student buys a new corpscap Usually the whole family works-mother, father and andpresses death into his brain as heputs it on. children You cansee them at it in thisphotograph. These kid gloves that earned 6d. a dozen pair carry Smallroom? Yes, they’re packed tightly; but that’s somethingthat does not appear on the ticket--some- good,really; keeps a bit of warmth in theair. Bent thingthat rides with the wooden soldiers on their andthin they look, don’t they? Stooping over the woodenhorses-something that quivers, perhaps,, in machinesand the closeness does that. You must thefeathers of yourhat, madam, dances along the have a snap of fresh air if you want to keep blooming. threads of yourlace collar, floats in the smoke of Look atthis lace,now. Delicate stuff ! Something yourcigarettes, sir. likewhat seeI peeping from under your mantle, Themessenger of thepeople callI it. They are madam.Only women make that. You need subtle notsatisfied with their wages, my gentlefolk,and fingersfor such fine traceries.I like the long sweep- theysend this little silent message to collect the debt. inglines of thepattern. Awork of art,isn’t it? Youshudder, madam. I understand.It’s as if Fivepencethreefarthings the artist got for it. Cheap you woregrave-clothes, is it not?Pity you came? at the price, eh ! I warrantyou paid a trifle morefor Nonsense ! You will soonforget. . . yourcollar. And theyhave forgotten. A dozen laceshawls in three hours-good steady Ladiesand gentlemen, sweaters and supporters of work, sir--21/2d. an hour. sweaters,console yourselves; this was all in Germany A thousandcigarettes for two shillings and lick over a yearago. It is not-cannot be so bad as that your own papers.They fis thecases at home in their in England now. Figuressay otherwise, weare owntime, and do the filling atthe factory. Not told,but we know how figures lie. By your com- nice tothink about, that paper-licking. The girls are fortablearm-chairs, by your family pews, by your aptto get weak chested in their close rooms. They wines of pedigree, I swear to you it is not, cannot be, ought to have that part of itdone by machines, don’t quite so bad.It is, it must be a little, ever so little, you think, in thishygienic age? better.For the sake of yourbeauty-sleep you will-- Tailoringpays well. It’sthe aristocracy of home youmust believe it is so. (Theladies and gentlemen work.The best, say these smart mantles (like your are consoled.They find it easy to believe.) ownagain, madam, one of them)bring in 6d.an hour. Good wagesthat ! But of courseit’s skilled work. And you find your ownthread and things. and Persons. Besidesits very uncertain-and irregular, and you Books OCCASIONAL CAUSERIE.) wastetime going to and fro with the stuff. There’s (AN therisk, too-“ After twelve o’clockto-morrow no By Jacob Tonson. use.”You know thephrase. Onlythe best hands do that kind. Here’s some MR. JOHN GALSWORTHY,whose volume of sketches, “ A simpler-at5d., 41/2d., 3d., 21/2d., 2d. Workfor all, Motley,” is now in process of beingreviewed, is just you see. No need tobe unemployed as long as the finishinganother novel, which will nodoubt be pub- eyeslast. And thereis that, to be sure. It does for lished in theautumn. That novels have to befinished theeyes. Like all of this needlework. is thegreat disadvantage of thenovelist’s career-- Besides,needlework is dull.Nothing individual otherwise, as everyone knows, bed of roses, velvet aboutthe result. Carving is different. Look at these a a boxes.That’s good artistic work. you know.Some- cushion, a hammockunder a ripe pear tree. To begin thingaman could take a pride in. ThoughI sup- a novel is delightful. To finish it is the devil. Not posehe might get tired of thepattern after he’d because,on parting with his characters, the novelist’s made a thousandor two. heartis torn by thegrief which Thackeray described Of course you knowthis Oberammergau sculpture. withsuch characteristically false sentimentality. (The Beautiful ! beautiful ! Only a really religiousman novelistwho has put his back into a novel will be couldhave done it. I’ve seen work atthe galleries thathadn’t half thestrength. One penny three- ready to kickthe whole crowd of hischaracters down farthingshouran thesculptor earned-und the thefront door steps.) Rut because thestrain of keep- blessing of the Church Whichcounts, I suppose. ing a long book at the proper emotional level through You recognisethe Christkindeln The last time pageafter page and chapter after chapter is simply you saw themperhaps was when they hung on the appalling,and asthe end approaches becomes almost Christmastree. The jolly littlepaper-maché fellows. intolerable. I havejust finished a novel myself; my How yourchildren were delighted atthem ! And nineteenth, I think. So I knowthe rudiments of the you neverimagined how they came on earth. experience.For those in peril on thesea, and for Dropped from thesky, you thought,maybe. But no,busy little fingers have shaped the stuff into novelistsfinishing novels, prayers ought to be offered smilingfeatures, long beard and flowing mantle, and up. have been paid their farthing an hour for it as for the *** mostprosaic of tasks. Inaccordance with my habit of re-reading books Thechildren help a lot with thetoys. Children, which have uncommonly interested me on first perusal, you know,madam, like yours you left playing at I have recentlyread again “The Manof Property.” home in thesun. Clever little things, aren’t they? Seehow these horses are carved,and their riders ! Well, it standsthe test. It is certainlythe most And how firmly thehorse ramps up on its hind legs ! perfect of Mr.Galsworthy’s novels upto now. There’shumour in the things if you look at them Exceptfor the confused impression caused by thetoo 254 THE NEW AGE JULY 14, 1910

rapid presentation of all the numerous members of the Forsytefamily at theopening, it has practically A Book of Beauty. nofaults. In construction it isunlike any other novel By Michael Williams. that I know, but that is not to say that it has no con- structivedesign-as some critics have said. Itis THE Poems of NoraMay French have been collected merely tosay that it is original.There are no weak and published (The Strange Company, San Francisco). parts in thebook, no places where the author has Ninety slim pages suffice to hold all the work that the stopped to takehis breath and wipe his brow. The editor of the little volume deemed worthy to represent tension is neverrelaxed. This is one of thetwo theyoung, beautiful girl who killed herself in Carmel, qualitieswithout which a novelcannot be firstclass California,three years ago. Rut nearly every line of andgreat. The other is thequality of sound,har- thesepoems achieves theaim of poetry--which is, moniousdesign. Both qualities are exceedingly rare, Beauty.Hence, in a timelike this, when the printing and I donot know which is therarer. In the actual press spews forth countless objects of no account, true material of thebook, the finest quality is itsextra- ineptitudes,together with many poisonous and evil ordinarypassionate cruelty towards the oppressors as things,but so rarelygives birth to real objects of distinguishedfrom the oppressed. That oppressors trueart, theappearance of thislittle book of shouldbe treated with less, sympathy than oppressed naive-yet art-created-beauty is a matter of im- is contrary to my own notion of the ethics of creative portance to all thosewho care for poetry and are art,but the result inMr. Galsworthy’s work is some- concernedregarding America’s contributions tothe thingvery pleasing. Since “A Man of Property,”the greatest of the arts. ideathat the creator of theuniverse, or the Original NoraMay French was twenty-six years old when Will, or whatever you like to call it or him, made a gro- shedrank poison and died, leaving directions that her tesquefundamental mistake in theconception of our bodybe burned and the ashes cast into the sea from particularplanet, has apparently gained much ground thegranite cliffs of PointLobos. This is notthe in Mr.Galsworthy’s mind. I hopethat this ground occasionto study the sad history of a temperament mayslowly be recovered by the opposite Idea. Any- thatcould not achieve harmony with its environment;. how,the Forsyte is universal. Weare all Forsytes, more thanto say that her temperament was poetical just as weare all Willoughby Patternes, and this in- inexcelsis, and her environment constituted of modern controvertiblestatement implies inevitably that Mr. Mammon’s worseconditions. Poverty and sickness, Galsworthyis a writer of thehighest rank. re-I and ever-baffled yearningsfor a life of romanceand read “ TheMan of Property ” immediatelyafter beautyimpossible for her to live, at last brought this re-readingDostoievsky’s “ Crimeand Punishment victim of a horriblecivilization to her knees in “the and immediately before re-reading Björnson’s “ Arne.” outercourt ” of death.She wrote adistinctly pro- Itranks well withthese European masterpieces. phetic sonnet a year and four months before she died :’ *** THE OUTER GATE Glancingthe other day at the literary page of a Life said : “My house is thine with all its store ; Londondaily, I saw anarticle entitled ‘‘Maxim and Behold, I open shining ways to thee- Of every inner portal male thee fret: : Muriel.” Impossible not to examinean article under such O child, I maynot bar the outer door. aheading ! Itproved to be a review of two novels Go from me if thou wilt, to come no more; by Maxim Gorkyand Muriel Hinerespectively. Thus But all thy pain is mine, thy flesh of me ; far has the passion and mania for “brightness ” driven And must I hear thee, faint and woefully, what was oncethe most literary morning paper in Call onme from thedarkness, and implore? “ London,the paper which, in fact,invented the daily Nay, mother for I follow atthy will. literary page ! When in duecourse I see in thesame Rut oftentimes thy voice is sharp tohear, Thy trailing fragrance heavy on the breath ; columns “ Joeyand Georgie,” I shallknow without Always the outer hall isvery still, reading further that new books by Mr. Joseph Conrad And on my face a pleasant wind and clear andMr. George Moore have appeared. Blows straitlyfrom the narrow gate of Death. *** This young girl-for even at twenty-six she was stili in some respects a child, and many cf her poems were Thecatalogue of the“Times” usually Book Club written years before her death-this young girl had at infuriatesme by offering for sale, with flourishing her command a creative magic of a poignantly beauti- laudatory adjectives, new copiesof one of my best books ful andhaunting quality; a magicfor which the only at theprice of sixpence(at first sevenpence was de- wordseems to be “spiritual.” For while the allure manded).This enterprising American organisation andbeauty of materialthings were always near and has, of course,bought up the remainder of thesaid dear,yet something concealed for most people within work.Henceforward I meanto be morephilo- theoutward semblances ever thrilled her most sensi- sophical.Messrs. Watts and Co. arenow selling new fiveapprehension of innerthings-of the spirit and copies of HerbertSpencer’s autobiography (two thesoul. Yet, unhappily, it was theinner appeal, volumes, 1,098 pages,published at £1 8s.) at 5s. 6d. and the haunting soul, of sadness, of hopelessness (for As theysay, it is “a really greatbargain.” And I allsouls are not happy and satisfied and good), that am glad that people who do not pap super income tax everweighed upon Nora May French. nowhave a chance of obtainingone of the most Shelay so unguardedand open to spiritualimpres- masterlyhuman documents in modernliterature. But sionsthat at times it wouldalmost seem as if the what a comment on theattitude of Englandtowards spiritualworld had become objectified to her.In its greatestphilosopher ! If only “ Herbert ” (as the dreams, at least (“dreams ” isthe word bywhich we aforementioneddaily would say) hadhad the wit to speak of a life impossible to speak of intelligibly),she take a fewlessons in the craft of autobiographyfrom must havehad singular adventures ; forhere are ouresteemed Lady Cardigan, perhaps his final work someprose words which she brought back in memory might have struggled into a second edition, or, at any from a dream :- rate,have gone out of print.But perhaps une day ‘LThink not, O Lilias, thatthe love of thisnight will Mr.Arthur Rackham will consenttoillustrate it. endure in thesun. Hast thou beheld fungi, white, evil. Then you will see a genuinedemand for Spencer. rosy-lined, poisonous, shrivel in the eyes of day? Theaddress of Messrs.Watts, to whom I make a “In this wilderness of strange hearts it is not thine alone present of this valuable advertisement, is 17, Johnson’s thatconcerns me. Many bravehearts of men arc more Court,Fleet Street. to me thanthine. The hearts of menbreathe deeply. A. for thyheart, it runs from me, it isquicksilver, it does *** not concern me greatly.” I learnthat the daughter of ProfessorGilbert The soul of this wonderful girl--who was obliged to Murrayhas taken to literatureat the distressingly earnher bread for a periodby the flesh and nerve- earlyage of nineteen. Miss Rosalind Murray’s novel destroyingtoil of a “ hello girl ” at a telephone ex-. is entitled “The Leading Note.” changeswitchboard-had a magical gift of transmut- JULY 14,1910 THE NEW AGE 255

ingimpressions from the ethereal vibrations of respectivefollowers. Speaking to Paulsenone day, Nature’s finerforces, as manifested in beautifulland- Ibsen said, “ Björnson and I are not enemies as many and-sea-and-skyscapesespecially, that gives to her believe. It is onlyour henchmen who are deadlily poetry a qualitymost exquisite and memorable- opposed to each other. We two are not personally so.’’ memorable,not as rhetoric is ,memorable, in static Soon after the appearance the “League of Youth,” phrases, but memorable rather as music is memorable : of in haunting cadences and evocations of an atmosphere Ibsen sent a presentation copy with a friendlynote tu of mysticalsuggestions-suggestions of beauty,of Björnson. Björnsonhowever, never acknowledged the sorrow, and pain; with occasional radiations of a pure book or replied to the note. lyrical joy. As a young man, Ibsen was by no means certain of YESTERDAY. hisvocation. Until he was thirty-two he believedhim- Now all my thoughts were crisped andthinned To elfin threads,to gleaming browns. self to be born for painting. In fact, a pretty big exhi- Like tawny grasseslean with wind bition might be got together of the canvases painted by They drew your heartacross the downs. Ibsen in the days of his early manhood, and scattered Your will of allthe winds that blew They drew across the world to me nowthroughout the farmhouses and country villas of To threadmy whimsey thoughts ofyou Norway. He remained all his lifeprofoundly interested Alongthe downs, abovethe sea. in art,and his judgments of ancientand Renaissance Beneath a pool beyond the dune- art in Italyare always original. Of Raphaelhe said : So greenit was andamber-walled “Raphael’s art hasnever warmed me. His beings A face would glimmer like a moon Seen whitely through an emerald- belong to the Garden of Eden before the Fall.” And there my mermain fancylay Ibsen’sconception of dramawas of somethingsu- And dreamed the light and pou were one, And flickered in her seaweed’ssway preme in literature. The creation of dramas was indeed A broken largesse of the sun. forhim not merely a substitute for life, butlife itself. Above the world as evening fell He could notconceive that a manshould be able to I made my heartinto a sky, writeboth novels and plays; for dramademanded the And througha twilightlike a shell I saw the shining seagulls fly. devotion of thewhole of a man’spowers. In the art I found beneaththe sea and land of drama, he said, there are a thousand and one artifices Andlost again, unwrit, unheard, of finesse which the novelist knows not of. “ Have you A song that fluttered in my hand “ a And vanished like a silver bird. ever thought,” he remarked to Paulsen, that in play- the conversation of the morning must have an entirely The chief “work ” contained in thelittle book is “The Spanish Girl,” a love tale told in separate poems different colour from the conversation of the evening? ” of uneven quality; some of them are perfect. A strong Björnson’s play,the ‘‘ Newly-Married,”he did not andsubtle sense of passionthrobs inthis lyric consider a play at all. Itwas, he said, not a drama, sequence. To quote adequatelywere to copy all, or but a dramatised novel. nearly all. Jonas Lie, the well-known Norwegian writer of sea- But I cannot forbear to copy the sonnet, written for a friend on the occasion of hismarriage, entitled, stories, was asking Ibsen’s advice one day about a play rather too vaguely, “The Rose ” :- hewas contemplating. How long,he asked, may a Ay, pluck a jonquil when the May’s awing! character chatter on the stage? (He had in mind,per- Or please youwith a roseupon thebreast, haps, some .suchconversational plays and displays as A sweeter violet chosen from the rest, we have lately seen at the RepertoryTheatre.) To match your mood with blue caprice of spring- Leave windy vines atendril less to swing. “ Chatter ! ” saidIbsen, witheringly, “ nobody is

Why, what’s a flower? A day’s delight at best, allowed to talk nonsense either on the stage or off. “ A perfume loved, a fadedpetal pressed, A whimsey for an hour‘s remembering. Ibsen, like every other great author, was perpetually But wondrous carefulmust he draw the rose beingasked to explain what Ife meant byhis plays. Frorn jealous earth, who seeksto set anew Just as perpetually he pretended not to know. “Some- Deep root, young leafage, with a gardener’s art- body,” he said, “ will one day come and tell me what To plant her queenof all his garden close, And make his varyingfancy wind and dew. I do mean. The critic is always ready to see a double Cloud, rain, and sunshine for one woman’s heart. meaningin everything. In the ‘ Doll’s House,’for The editor of the book--Mr. Henry Anderson Lofler, example,there is thescene in whichNora enters fol- who was aided by Mr. George Sterling and Mr. Porter lowedby a portercarrying a Christmas-tree.Nora Garnett-has well achieved his part, for the volume is takesher purse and gives the porter a shilling excellently printed and the verses arranged with plas- instead of theusual sixpence. A Swedishcritic, if you ingart, while the notes are simply those called for to explaina few points in the text. please,found a symbolicmeaning in the act. Nora, Oh, little book of beauty !--vibrant message from one he thought, was a Socialist,who desired to equalise lonelywoman’s inmost heart-may you find your way wealth, and Ibsen was a Socialistpropagandist ! ” to beauty’s friends in the world ! Afterthe publication of the“Doll’s House,” Ibsen was proclaimed by Scandinavianwomen theas

“ Woman’sChampion.” disclaimed,He how- Some Later Ibsen Stories ever, any political propaganda,empha-and sised his view that he was merelywaspre- he thatview sisedhis [ For most of the following incidents we are indebted to the sentingan eternal type of woman. As a matter of book, “Samliy med Ibsen,”recently published in Norway by thewell-know journalist and friend of fact, in “ Hedda Gabler,” he appeared to swing round Ibsen John Paulsen.] to the opposite pole, and to represent the dark side of IN Ibsen’splay, the “League of Youth,” it is un- feminine emancipation. ‘‘ Hedda Gabler ” was a severe doubtedly the fact that Björnson was rather maIiciously shockto the suffragists. ‘‘Is Ibsen no longer our represented as thefamous Radical, Stensgaard. The champion? ” theyasked, doubtfully. “ Does he look truth is that Ibsen and Björnson were of fundamentally on us with strange and unfriendly eyes? ” Ibsen, how- differenttypes. Ibsen was revolutionary and uncom- ever, made magnificent amends in his celebrated speech promising, Björnson was evolutionary andconserva- to women, when he declared that the aristocracy of the tive.Yet, as maybe seen from Ibsen’s “Letters,” the future would be born from two movements, that of the two were never so personallyantagonistic as their workmen and that of women. 256 THE NEW AGE JULY 14, 1910

It is well known that Ibsen’sprose is the greatest Norwegianprose ever written. No translation will “ Priscilla Runs Away.” ever be able to convey to the English reader the deli- A Note on the Haymarket Production. cacy,, strength and precision of the original. Not a word is misplaced,for in hiswriting Ibsen was indeed a By T. Martin Wood. master-builder. Paulsen one day asked him for a defi- nition of style. “To write,” replied Ibsen, “is to see.” THISis Mr. Trench’s newventure. The scenery, cos- Ibsen’spower of observationamounted togenius. tumes and appointments were designed by Mr. F. Cay- “You never notice anything,” he remarked to Paulsen. ley Robinson.But thebaroque worldrepresented is “For instance, you don’t remember at this moment the onevery foreign tothe realmsgenerally represented colour of the wall-paper in your own bedroom.But in Mr. CayleyRobinson’s art. The symbols of his when I enter a strange room I notice the very smallest artdo notusually standfor the significance of outer detailsNothing escapes me. Yes,Isee everything.” things, and in this play everythingis not only on the surface,but so altogether of theouter-coat as to be Ibsen never spoke of his forthcoming plays until they littlemore than polish. All thesame, it is allvery wereactually finished. He belonged to the orderof daintyand charming ; only, of course, as a costume “silentauthors.” He took immense pains to conceal play, the never-to-be-got-overlimelight turns every- everyindication of thenature of his newplays from thingto the usualdoll’s shopappearance. The most everybody,including his wife andsons. Once, when carefullyarrived atand rare combinations of colour he was engaged in writing a play, he by chance dropped are artificialised.Possibly some of theactors and a scrap of paper on which were the words, “the doctor actresses delight to bask in this excess of light, but to saps.”Mrs. Ibsen determined to have a joke,and us it is as objectionable as the vanity it thus illumines. one day casually remarked, “Who is that doctor in your Not until actors can learn to foregoa little of this shop- new play? I supposehe’ll say some interesting window lustre as their favourite setting will there ever things.”Ibsen at first was silentwith astonishment. be any hope for the art of the stage. Charm and reality Then he broke out into a fit of rage, full of reproaches in art are here, on the Haymarket stage, more than on forher spying, etc., etc. Itwas Ibsen’s habit while any other stage; we realise it all-when we partly close staying at Arizzia,where he wrote“Brand,” to rise our eyes. And that is my discovery;thus have I at foura.m. He would thenwalk in the woods till founda way to enjoy the art of the stage as it is at breakfast time, after which he sat down and wrote all present;thus Mr. Robinson’s crimsons and bluesmelt day. Writingfrom Arizzia on September 12, to 1865, and combine as no doubt he intended. It must think Björnson hesaid : “What awonderful happiness It is I be obvious that if the light in the house and the light to beable to write ! ” Itwas then that hefelt his powers at their highest. on the stage were of almost equal intensity and quality during the performance, the stage would seem a more Ibsen’s respect for the complete man was thoroughly ordinaryplace because of itsmore ordinary lighting. practical. He aimed at being himself self-sufficient. This,like all othertruths, is astrange thing to say, Hewas boasting to Paulsen that he even sewed his and, of course, for the purpose of concentration and a own buttons on. Indeed,he made almost a religious thousandother reasons, light must be centred on the act of it, forhe would retireto his own room, lock stage.Nevertheless, owing to this necessity thestage thedoor, and sew with as much care as if hewere pictureis seen as a picture of aplace from which we copying out a manuscript. Mme. Ibsenafterwards areseparated. Everything is placed in a special, and laughingly explained to Paulsen thatthe buttons so we mightsay, a foreign light, which in itself consti- sewnon would very soon come off again unlessshe tutesan initial difficulty tothe imagination. Itis in herself wentover them and fastened them properly. It thesuccess with which this difficulty is overcome that isnot generally known that Ibsen while still a young the art of the stage is to be tested. For before this art man attempted in a mood of depression to drown him- can hold us in its spell we have to exchange the feeling self. All through his life he was subject to such moods, that we are merely looking on for one of transportation though not again withsuicidal tendencies. to the scene enacted. Even a picture-a painted one- While at Bergen,Ibsen fell a little in love with a is art only in its successful transportation of our fancy. pretty girl, who used to bring the young poet flowers And evensuccess in paintis more frequent only from fromthe wood. Oneday while walking withher the the fact of the superior study given to the problem of pairwere suddenlymet by theyoung lady’s father, achieving first and last an illusion of natural light. whohad no respect foran impecuniouspoet. Ibsen, Ipropose thatit is with this problem and withno likeGoethe, was no hero, andincontinently fled, leav- other,that reform in stage productioncan begin. It ingthe girl to explain asbest shemight. Itwas to is quite probable that there has never been a comedy of her thatthe poem, “ Flowers of theWood,” was thisclass mounted so perfectly as “ Priscilla Runs written.Ibsen wasalso in love for sometime with Away,” or one in which a more rarified atmosphere has his wife’s sister,Mary; and it was to her that he been suggested;but stop we must at the fact that if addressedthe poem, “With a Water Lily,’’ in which all the artistic genius of Europe was expressed in it, the occurs the famous line, “It’s dangerous to dream near result would be blasted through excess of light. What Mary.” In some respects, Ibsen was not unlike Goethe, isthe effect that lime-light as used at presenthas on forwhom he had a profoundadmiration. He could colours?Is it not something in thenature of that not tolerate, however, theGerman adoration of disastrousover-dose of white which damns the colour Goethe’samorisms., which filled his strictpuritanic of an inferior wall-distemper ? People tell us that there temperament with disgust. Afterlistening one day to is no remedy. Well, there is less chance of finding one somebody’s praises of Goethe’sloves, Ibsen remarked while they aretaught to accept thatstatement as a laconically, “ That goat ! ” fact; we do notaccept it as a fact.Judged by any It is well known that Ibsen was no democrat.In a ordinarystandard, the staging of this play ismiles speech delivered at Trondhjem in 1885, just before the above everything else in London of thekind, so it publication of “ Rosmersholm,” andaddressing a must seem as if this notice of itwere ungrateful. But meeting of working men,he said : “ Iregret that if itis not in connectionwith such experiments, how- individual rights in Norway are stillinsecure. There ever pretending, that we can say what we want to, in is neitherfreedom of speechnor freedom of belief, whatother connection can we speak?It isnot at all beyond a fixed line. Thereis still a great deal to be unlikely that it will take fifty years to bring the public donebefore we cansay we have reached freedom. round to a belief in greater things even than this, and But I fear that out present democracy will not manage in themeantime we are prepared to be talked about to solvethe problems. We musthave anaristocratic as madmen. Stage production as un art there is at this elementin our sociallife, in our representativeinsti- moment at the Haymarket if nowhere else. But we be- tutions,and in ourPress. Of course, I do notmean lieve that there is a reality and greater beauty than have an aristocracy of money, but of intellect. That is the ever yet been dreamed of, once the stage will put first only thing that will give us real freedom.” the problem of temperingthe light. JULY 14, 1910 THE NEW AGE 257

intotheir stultified souls, stamps itself upon their ART. narrowlittle minds as a criterion of beauty.Yet they By Huntly Carter. passit without resentment at the sight of it?Why do theynot take vengeance on the owners ofsuch OSE afternoonrecently turning out of a Bond Street horrible things-on themountebank enemies of art? gallery I metan artist looking jaded and worn. He Or, if theydesire a peacefulrevolution, let themset toldme he had undertaken to criticise the pictures at toand turn out charming,poetical orinteresting allthe galleries during the season. It was his first designs,and throw them at half-educatedmanagers attempt to cross “The Bridge of Sighs,” and would be till they accept them out of sheer self-defence?” his last. Not even the joy of jumping on his own best *** friendswould tempt him to do it again. “There are “Thetrue explanation of theirneglecting to take far toomany people painting pictures,” he cried thelatter step,” Isaid, “is tobe found in the low “ What is the cure for the picture-painting mania ?” I aesthetic taste of theaverage theatrical manager. He inquired.“There are two cures,” he replied. ‘‘ One merelyseeks and selects what pleases himand his way is todestroy all architecture. Architecture is public, notwhat appeals to artists and the artistic. thehighest form of art. Some painters believe that Yourartist may lead the manager to the beautiful picturesare the highest form of art.It is a sad design,but he cannotmake him buy.” “Rot ! rot ! fallacy,and gentlemen of thecraft will have a rot !” exclaimedmy excited companion. “Artistic humiliatingawakening one day. Architecture is the theatre bills are not unknown in this country and they base of painting,and walls, particularly exhibition mightbe as plentiful as inParis. Here is one exhi- gallerywalls, are the excuse for picture-painting. Pic- bited by theHaymarket Theatre. And whatCayley ture-paintingisnot the excuse for walls as some Robinsoncan do, other painters can do.” Ipointed deludedpersons imagine. Do away with walls,and outthat Cayley Robinson is enabledto express his painters would be reduced to hanging their pictures on rarequality of beauty in design in postersbecause treesor round their beautiful necks.” “ Destory all Mr.Herbert Trench feels that quality and encourages architecture?That is a negativepropasal. Suppose it as apparentlyno other London manager does. He you try a positive one.Teach painters to rehabilitate persisted : “The fault is not in the manager so much as life as a wholerather than *** in detached masses.” in theartist. You knowthat, generally speaking, the latterscorns designing theatre posters and believes it “ I wascoming to that,’’ he said. “The other degradingto undertake the thousand and one things method of bringing artists to reasonableness and com- thatare waiting to be done. To himpicture painting monsensein the matter of picturepainting is to stop is thetemple of fame.He is reallyinsane on the allpicture painting for ten years. There would still point,and this is why we live in an age of picture beenough pictures to go round.The value of those paintinginsanity.” inexistence would go up,the artist would beforced *** to quit his studio and lay violent hands on every square inch of surface suitable for decoration ,and even stingy I. agreed with his maincontentions, that the inertia people would be led to see that the labourer is worthy of the artist is doing a great deal of harm to art, and of hishire, even if thelabourer happens to be an thatpicture painting ought to be stopped by lawfor artist.In effect, there would be a revolution,such as a time so as to compel artists to seek other avenues of art demands.Forced to leave his cloister and to open artisticexpressions. Then some of themmight turn his eyes, the artist would be filled with fierce indigna- to follow in the footsteps of Miss Nelia Casella, whose tion atthe extreme ugliness with which our towns exhibits atthe Exhibition of theRoyal Society of andcities are clothed; at the shameful neglect of MiniaturePainters at 5a, Pall Mall East, had so much beautyby a nationpassing as democratic in un- impressed methat afternoon. If Iam not mistaken, democraticways. He would seize the highways and this artist has been engagedmany years in therevival byways and hold themfor art with a rod of iron and of waxwork, producingamong other things beauti- asword of blood,, just as reformers,Anarchist agita- fullymodelled littlebusts in coloured wax richly in- tors, and patriots seize the world and strenuously hold laid withgems. Other artists might turn to produce it onbehalf of theirideals. There would be readings more of theportrait work enamelled in silverand of theRiot Act, callings out of themilitary, declara- copper,hung next to Miss Casella’sexhibits. This is tions of independence,and in the midst of itall the anotherkind of charmingartistic work to be widely sudden and final disappearance, lock, stock and barrel, encouraged. And othersagain might avoid the of all thevicious dishonesty, claptrap, the froth and general fault of the work of the members of the Royal wind,the cheap unennobling, uninspiring, discredit- Society of MiniaturePainters, namely, that of being ablesentiment that to-day governs art, menaces it toophotographic. But they would find somethingto andmakes its righteous realism murderous. Artists note in the excellent qualities of the exhibits by Rosalie areapt to feel disgustedwith the disgraceful apathy Emslie, Nellie Hepburn-Edmunds, Myra Luxmore, and ignorance of the public, but many of them should MarieLaforge, Edith Grace Wolfe, Janet Robertson, feel no lessdisgusted with their own petty delu- andFrancis Burlison (a strongbronze group, 239). sions, theirlove of ‘inhalingwith wide and thank- *** ful nostrils the rancid flavour of rotten dance roses and Thevery clever bronze statuettes by Albert Toft at mouldymusk,’ as Swinburneputs it, their suicidal theBrook Street Gallery, including that exceptionally inertia. finepiece of workincomposition, modelling and *** strength of character,“Mother and Child,” had “Why don’tsome of them comeforth from their brought me hack to the relation of sculpture to archi- studiosand create a riot?Why don’t they besiege tecture,and the part sculpture might play in the publiclife and demand the right to hold a brief for decorationof our public places. For the fiftieth time art?Why don’tthey fight tocreate a body of I had asked myself why is so much fine energy wasted opinionfavourable to theirwork and to their recog- in turningout studio torsos, statuettes, portrait busts nition?There are new avenues waiting to be opened andwhat not, when London itself is starvingfor em- by themin all directions. Look, forinstance, at this bellishment?Perhaps it is becauseapparently nothing theatreposter,” he pointed to one of a row of dry canbring our public authorities to a sense of the bills. “ Isn’tit a pernicious thing-? Doesn’t it set fitness of things, and one can only say they are past yourteeth on edge? Can anyone with a sense of praying for. And artists will not pray for themselves. beauty look at it without a deep feeling cf disgust and *** thedesire to shatter the pernicious stuff? Thousand.; Severalletters concerning the last Art Supplement of artistssee it daily. They know it belongs to one have beenreceived. Thefollowing extract from a of themost fashionable and wealthiest West End communicationfrom Mr. Herbert Trench will speak managements(whose aesthetic tasteought to be a forthem ail. “I mustsend you a line of thanksfor subjectfor serious inquiry); they know it is seen by yourbeautiful and illuminating and valuable Art Sup- millions of Londoners, that it battens on to them, eats plement to THENEW AGE on the Staging of Plays.” 258 THE NEW AGE JULY 14,1910

last-namedcountries, as absolutelyincapable of CORRESPONDENCE . governing “ themselves. Now it so happensthat Western MATERIALSPAINTING.IN Europe, notably Germany and Italy, were just at that time under the dread of a Turkish invasion, which Indeed seemed TO THE EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.” imminent, and of a possible conquest similar to that of the As Mr.Walter Sickert has alluded to the researches I BalkanPeninsula. Let me point out to Mr. Verdad madesome years ago into the materials used in tempera that a pro-Turkishadvocate of thatera might have andearly oil painting,may I beallowed to call attention enlargedupon the beneficence the Turkish rule and to thevery certain note in which Eastlake speaks of the administration would bring with themin keeping Germany universalprevalence of purewhite grounds -in the first i andItaly in orderand in establishing a “Turkishpeace,” volume of his“Materials for a History of OilPainting,” justMr.as Verdad and other pro-British advocates chap. xi., thetechnical process of which hetraces back to to-day descant on the blessings of British administration in themummy cases of theancient Egyptians, which endure Egyptand in India, and the establishment of a ‘‘British to our own day. He discusses the question of the absorbency- peace ’’ throughthe “order ” thusmaintained. Yet what or non-absorbency of these grounds (pp. 382, 383), and I modern Europe would have been to-day had the beneficent considers that experimental proof is in favour of the theory Turk successfullycarried out a policy of restoringand that the white ground was prevented from absorbing oil and maintaining order in Western Europe in the early sixteenth colour. Inscraping pictures behind, to transfer them to century, I, forone, am unable to imagine! Even Mr. new canvases, the ground is found whitest next to the paint, Verdad does not probably regret that WesternEurope and, if paint flakes, thebared place is alwayswhite. was allowed to work out its own salvation (such as it is, and Eastlakeconsiders that as many of theearly Flemish i whatthere is of it)rather than to have received “civilisa- masters, like the Van Eycks, were glass painters, they knew tion” at the kindly hand of the conquering Turk--and this thevalue of lightbehind colours. The chapter is long and evenat the expense of thetemporarily anarchical state full of interest.The art of preparingpure white grounds of affairsthen obtaining. Now suppose Mr. Verdad onpanels was anexpert art in the Low Countries. If the places himself for one moment, if he can, at the standpoint Italian tradition was followed, slaked plaster of Paris would of theEgyptian or the Hindoo, and tries to see how pos- be usedrather than whitening. It was a materialknown sibly thesedegraded specimens of humanity, as hedeems to the Frenchtradition, if mymemory serves me. This them, may conceivably prefer to determine their own destiny seemsto have great qualities of enduranceand tenacity, even at the cost of internecine strife, rather than have one and I find,through a good many years’ experience now, inflicted uponthem from outside, albeit at the hands of that it can be used withsize to make pliant white grounds thegreat and good British Government--just asthe on canvases : but whitening cracks. I don’t know any other inhabitants of WesternEurope preferred when con- white materialthat can be satisfactorily used in this way, fronted with thethreatened Turkish conquest theat unless Mr. Batten is right that oxide of zinc and cheese glue beginning of thesixteenth century. In either case it is aresatisfactory. Then, as tothe use of a whiteground, a question of x widely alien race imposing an alien civilisa- I invariablyrender it non-absorbent for tempera painting tion upon an unwilling population. by a thin(much diluted) wash of yoke of egg,mixed with yellow ochre. So I paint on a shining yellowish ground. Asmight be expected,our friend, the “foreign editor ” I restorethe lights with white oxide of zinc paint.Never of THEMEW AGE, as he styles himself, cannot refrain from theless, I consider the first white ground of great importance, fiinging the question-begging appellative “ sentimental ” at For oil painting, thin size, or some other check to absorb- all who disagree with him.I, for one, am notspecially ency,must be used, as Eastlake insists. It is quite possible concerned tochampion Messrs. Keir Hardie Nevinson, egg would do, or perhaps a diluted varnish. On one panel Brailsford,or Massingham but if these gentlemanare to I tried this and it seemed to answer. be accused of a sentimental bias in favour of native popula- tions I canonly say that Mr. Verdadwith far greater Mr. Sickertsays the arm in the Polish Rider is painted justicecan be charged with the possession of an anti- at one go. Is he sure that there is not a loaded chiarascuro sentimental bias in favour of Britishbureaucrats. paintingunderneath, with lightlights ? That iswhat I i believe to bethe secret of luminous oil painting of the Mr. Verdadseems tothink hisit mission to find and their Rembrandtesque sort---as well white grounds Socialistsin the wrong to virtuouslychampion as opponents. He habitually quotesreactionary papers as CHRISTIANA J. HERRINGHAM authoritiesand then resents the suggestion that he himself *** is reactionary.He naively asks whether Mr. H. C. Wells’ FOREIGN AFFAIRSAND S. VERDAD. two recentarticles are to be discountedbecause they were published in the “Daily Mail ”-as if there were any doubt TO THE EDITOR OF “ THE NEW AGE.” as tothis point !Had Mr. Wellswritten in favour of In common, I feel sure, with many other Socialist readers Socialistsand Socialism the “Daily Mail ’’ wouldcertainly of THE NEW ACE, I have followedthe pronouncements of not havegiven his articles the prominence it did. As a S. Verdadon foreign affairs with a growingfeeling of matter of fact I have been informed that a letter in reply to surprise and indignation at the editorial place they assume themby a perfectly competent Socialist and a member of inajournal supposed, at least generally, to occupy a the S.D.P., has not been inserted. Socialiststandpoint. Mr. Verdad’slast article, in which I would,before concluding, challenge the“foreign heattempts to whitewash himself,does not get rid of the editor ’’ of THE NEW AGE topoint to a single paragraph fact that with “ a11 his general knowledge of foreign affairs ” in allhe has writtenup to date for that journal which the “ certainopinions “ he expresseson the alleged facts representsSocialist criticism of internationalrelations. before him are those of the average Jingo journal of com- For, as I have said before,the question is notone of merece. Theopinions we formon facts generally depend factsor information, but of points of view, andthe point uponthe point of view from which we regardthem and of view of S. Verdad is uniformlythat of the Tory thepoint of view of Mr. Verdad,it is perfectlyclear, Imperialist press. Now it is, of course,open to S. Verdad isthat ofthe real ” boys-of-the-bulldog-breed ” British to say thatToryism is rightand that Socialism is wrong, Imperialist. Now I have no hesitationin saying that this butfor heaven’s sakelet him come forward in his true is not the point of view of Socialism, as such, or even of any coloursand not pose as a super-enlightened Socialist.. If individualSocialist that I amaware of, with thepossible the readers of THE NEW AGE want “ Daily Mail ” views exception of Mr. Blatchford. of foreignpolicy in the paper, that is their affair ! I am Mr. Verdad’sjustification forhisadoption theof writingthese words of protest on behalf of those whodo standpoint of British officialism “rightor wrong” in his not. E. BELFORT BAX. estimation, of Foreignand Colonial politics,consists of the traditionalstale arguments to which we areaccustomed. [Itshould be understood once and for all that our con- Egyptand India must be kept undler theheel of British tributors of signed articles, whether on foreign affairs or on bureaucracy, backed by the “ mailed fist ” of British military othersubjects, are, and are prepared to be, personally re- imperialism, not because British capitalists need commercial sponsible for their statements, both of fact and of opinion. outlets and wider fields for industrial operations, and British Weno more desire to beheld as agreeing with ourcon- officials postsand sinecures, but because it is goodfor tributorson all points than they desire to be held as theEgyptian and Indian populations to be keptunder agreeingon all points with us. Mr. Verdad will doubtless Britishdomination! For otherwise would notthe said reply.] Egyptian and Indian be respectively at one another’s throats * * * to-morrow?delightfulTruly a argument thefor Britishexploiter ! I willreply to it by quoting a historical ‘‘ FOREIGN AFFAIRS.” parallel.In the early years of thesixteenth century the countries of ContinentalEurope, notably Germany and To THE EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.’’ Italy,were still in a condition of well-nighconstant A cutting from your issue of July 7 has been sent me in internal conflict-baron againstbaron, or city against city which a contributor of yours, Mr. S. Verdad, remarks under --modernnational unity being as yetembryonic or non- the above headingthat the opinions expressed on Indian existent. Mr. Verdadand his kind would have pro- Government by theConservative papers are much more nounced thepopulations contained at least within the two accuratethan those put forthin the Liberal Press, particu- JULY 14, 1910 THE NEW AGE 259 larly by extreme sentimentalists of the Nevinson, Brailsford, interpretation of the existing principle, and that they should and Massingham order.” not be excluded simply on account of their sex. Iam, of course, grateful for having my name coupled with The present Bill, though it falls far short of justice, does Mr. Massingham, the best of editorsand one of thefinest and will furtherthe women’s cause. Themoment women guides of publicopinion, and with Mr.Brailsford, whom can, even under some handicap, attain votes, politicians will everyone who studiesforeign politics at all knows to be have to weigh women’s demands seriously or risk forfeiting amongthe best and most accurate of writerson foreign thesupport of those who areor may become voters. The affairs.But I am a littlesurprised that you should allow a possession of the vote by some will automatically ensure con- contributor to a paperlike yours to degrade himself by sideration forall, since voters will no longerbe detectable abusingus as “sentimentalists.” Believeme, that word is at firstsight. the cheapest and most ineffectual weapon now left in all the THE NEW AGEneed not fear that the movement will be arsenal of vulgarity. It is cheaperthan mud. paralysed by partial justice only being done, or the general If your contributor means, as from a preceding paragraph publicregard the agitation over. TheSuffragettes can be he appearsto mean, that I thinkEngland should at once trusted by theiractivity to quickly undecieve thepublic. withdrawher rule from India and leave the country to No fear need be felt at the “ unreadiness ” of the women. chaos,it is a silly libelto charge me with suchfolly; and Politicians will lose no time in “ educating ” their electors, if he had happened to read anything I have ever written on regardless of sex, and the belief you express in the women’s India, he might have discovered that. miraculous power of development-a compliment we ap- HENRYW. NEVINSON preciate-will perhapsbe realised when thatnecessary op- *** portunity occurs. It cannot before. ROSE LAMARTINE YATES. WELLS v. WELLS. *** TO THE EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.’’ Second thoughts are best, and I am glad “H. A. J.” has THE W. E. A. given me anopportunity of repudiatingmy first all too TO THE EDITOR OF “ THE NEW AGE. “ generous welcome to the Minority Report of thePoor Law In myprevious letter on thissubject I showed thatthe Commission. I hadnot then given that document an ade- chargesbrought by ”Oxford Graduate “ againstthe quate scrutiny, and I was perhaps absurdly over-anxious to W. E. A. were entirely erroneous ; that so far from deserving display a different spirit towards the propagandist efforts of to be describedas a “ so-called Workers’ Educational Mr. and Mrs. Webbthan that which hadanimated the Association,”ithas a membershipconsisting mainly of opposition to my own attemptsto organise a Fabian pro- trade unions, tradeunion branches, co-operative societies, paganda.The second edition of thepamphlet from which adult schools and branches of the I.L.P. ; that it works in “H. A. J.” quotes does not contain my reckless effusion, and complete harmony with well-known representatives of Labour it is to be remarked that the portrait of Mrs. Sidney Webb and Socialism as yourcorrepondent admits ; thatit has now rules alone upon a cover that once bore numerous sym- not yettaken the action, which “Oxford Graduate “ pathisers. erroneously condemns it fortaking, of demanding a com- The Break-up of the Poor Law agitation is far more taking mission on the universities ; and finally, that had such action at the first onset than it is under more deliberate examina- beentaken, there could have been absolutely no objection tion,and I am notalone in falling away from those first to it,since the universities badly need overhauling. His enthusiasms. lastletter adds one more to my collection of errors. He H. G. WELLS. states that it has “refused to adopt the Trade Union Educa- R*# tionprogramme as its basis.” I mayperhaps be pardoned VERNON LEE’S BIBLIOGRAPHY forsuspecting that the trade unionists who belong tothe Association are as capable of lookingafter the educational TO THE EDITOR OF ‘‘ THE NEW AGE.” interests of tradeunionists as is “OxfordGraduate.” But A statementin THE NEW AGEof the7th inst. is not in anycase the statement is incorrect.The only basis for correct. Inthe “Bibliography of VernonLee ” itis noted itapparently is that Mr. W. Sanders,the late Labour thather work on “ TheCountess of Albany ” is statedto candidatefor Portsmouth, when taking the chair at a con- have been published by Lane. It was published, in 1884, by ference, ruled out of order a motion of the kind indicated W.H. Allen and Co., in my “Eminent Women Series.” byyour correspondent. Thusdo stories grow ! Speaking JOHN E. INGRAM. for myself alone, I think the chairman was right in holding * * * that the W. E. A. ought not to make adherence to the trade WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. unioneducation programme (however excellentthat may TO THE EDITOR OF “ THE NEW AGE.” be) a test for admission toits membership since to do I have been greatly interested in your reply to Mary Gaw- so would be toexclude many working people (for example thorpe’s challengeto you to stateyour objection to the those who are RomanCatholics). Nor is he much more Women’s SuffrageBill, now beforeParliament, but regret fortunate in his othercriticisms. Why inthe world should you intended to “ wait and see ” how the Parliamentary wind the secretary notattend any conference on education he blew beforeexpressing your views. We look to THE NEW pleases ? If the conference in question was of the reactionary AGE to have the courage to give original progressive thought, character ascribed to it by your correspondent (about which notmerely to reflect upon what is hopelesslypast. You I neither know nor care), surely commonsense would suggest shield yourself behind the standpoint of the electioneers of thatthe more closelyits proceedings were watched, the theLiberal party. Is the country then tobe in the control better. Your correspondentcan hardly be serious insug- ofelectioneers? and is democracyto be content to place gestingthat to attend a meeting is toexpress sympathy theconvenience of theparty agent above justice and fair with it. play ? Onemore trifle and I havedone. “ OxfordGraduate ” apprently thinks he has made a damaging point by saying You say expediencyrules in the absence of a popular that a member of theHouse of Lordssubscribes, orsub- wave. If so, it has no place in the present political position scribed, to the IV. E. A. As I haven’tthe last report by of womankind--thepopular wave beingborne on a heavy me, I can’t say if thisstatement is right or wrong. But spring tide, apparent to all except those very far out at sea. I hopehe is right,and I am delightedto hear of a duke The present Bill certainly lacks principle, but it must be doing anything so sensible with his money. remembered it is not the woman’sdemand-it is a working The W. E. A. is governedby its members, 95 percent. compromise,shorn of anything which mightoffend any of whom areworking people, and its members are not to partyand consequently satisfactory to none. It is no less be bought. than “ justice on theinstalment system,” and we allknow I.L.P. MEMBER OF THE W.E.A. how little “ principle ” there is in instalments, and how costly *** a systemit is! Thatis why thecountry would havebeen well advisedto meet the women’s demandwithout com- YOUNGAMERICA. promise. TO THE EDITOROF “THE NEWAGE.” Members of Parliament have thought otherwise, and have YoungAmerica sends greetings to her critics in THE come fromall parties to support this compromise. The NEW AGE. We aresquanderous, belligerent, beautiful, women haveendorsed their effort. Why? Because it is one indifferent,passionate, and are going to completely recon- steptowards justice, and that step, once taken, perhaps struct civilisation. We know that we do not fit intoany justice will be more visible to the community at large. of yourschemes, that we cannot pare ourselves down to a You saythe Bill extends an existing property qualifica- set figure, that we arenot diminutive, that we challenge tion. There isno qualification inthe country, not even the everything that has been. Universityqualification, at present, whichis notbased on Weep foryourselves, kind critics. Outfrom the Western property; but this Bill would not extend the property quali- mountains will spring an annihilating, reconstructing force. fication-it would merely enable the present qualification to Your religions, sects, and soft-footed flunkeyism-allyour be applied equitably. cherishedshibboleths of reform, will bechurned up and Women ask for no new principle. They do not ask to be tested in the refining fire of magnificent war. enfranchised by virtue of their sex. They ask for an honest Why tremblefor us, you Europeans? Life is paramount. 260 THE NEW AGE JULY 14,1910

‘ï‘he soul, tempered on the great American continent-amid (2) Creating“Criminal Commissions ” which arecom- the sweeping,cosmic forces of thegreat plains and the posed of the enemies of the accused, and which can highmountains-commands us Americans to stand upto suspend the laws and exile to the oases any peasant the music andeither die to new birthsfor new attempts, onany false charge brought against him by his or in our god-like youth lead the world to new life. Sheikh. Wedo not worry. We do nothurry. (3) Enacting-the “Cotton-worm Extermination Act ” by Theplay is on. Letthe croakers hold their peace in which peasantsare compelled now to go from one theirold age. Only the young can partake. It is theirs provinceto another working under a fixed wage tospend with utter prodigality-with utterabandon-to (with no guarantee that it should not be a farthing) death without regret if need be. Oh, the delight of youth- atthe bidding of thegovernor of theprovince for the sweet intoxication of freedomand power spraying an unlimited time-all this because the peasants ask throughthe body and over the continent. It isimpossible for a living wage. tobe afraid. We are our own trueprophets, and accept I do notdeny that our “Legislative Council ’’ which all your groans for us-with laughter. approved of the two lastacts is reactionary. But so is California, U.S.A. R. A. N. theEnglish House of Lords. Inthat council there is not *** one whois not a peer, and as peer he acts. The system of electionprecludes anybody with honestyor liberal ideas. A SHORTDEFINITION OF SOCIALISM. A candidateis required to have at least £8,000 and a TO THE EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.” reactionaryage. Mr. Skelthorn is naive. Heregards that point in my Even ifwe were allreactionary, there is still a moral short definition of Socialism as a “weak link in the chain,” basisfor self-government. Just as I believe inthe Shavian which really constitutes the main strength of this definition doctrinethat a manshould only obey his own instinct, anddifferentiates it from other definitions. He does so on thatis to say, self-government for the individual, so I thestrength of themaxim that“no actions are believein the self-government of anation. It is good for really self-regarding ”-a piece of copy-book twaddle about theworld and for us that we shouldcommit suicide ifwe ona par with thesolemn piatitudinous fallacies, also be- want to. S. MOUSSA. longing to the copy book order of thought, that “two wrongs *** do not make a right,” that there is “no such thing as chance GEOGRAPHICALEXACTITUDE. inthe world,” etc., etc. The hollowness of theseformal quibbles it requires but a very little insight to unmask. The TO THE EDITOROF “THE NEWAGE.” only purpose they subserve is to momentarily nonplus a not While I do notthink that my notes on Argentina were too clear-headed opponent in argument. The assumption of veryillegibly written, .I find I ammade to speak of our whole life and conduct is that, given the requisite con- “Hudson’s Bay,” alocality whichis officiallyunknown to nexion, two wrongsdo make a right.It is only when we geographers.The correct term, of course, is HudsonBay. want to snatch an advantage in argument that thecopy-book I shouldlike to make this correction before some kind maxim is trotted out. Similarly our whole thought and action friend rushes in gloatingly to do it for me. are based upon the assumption that the events of life consist The word left out of my peroration (I presume the Greek in a synthesis of chance and law-that law, as realised, in- typehad to be set up separately) was Itis my volves itsantithesis, chance. But to return to our sheep! experiencethat the word “poet,” when used inEngland, connotes a lanky body, palefeatures, long, fair hair, and Thestale stuff about “no actions ” being“really self- pince-nez. Hence I preferto avoid itin favour of the regarding ” isfully met in my letter by my definition of Greek original ; for, if one uses “creator ” as a makeshift, self-regardingactions as meaning such actions as have no thepious Englishman at once thinks of Genesisand is direct social reference. This point is amplified in the para- puzzled. I trustyou will permitme to call attention to graphenclosed in square brackets following 5. Thatevery linguistic this deficiency. S. VERDAD. action may possibly have a social reference, indirect where *** notdirect, isplatitude.a But isit preciselythis dis- tinction between actions indirectly affectingsociety and “N. A.” REVIEWS. actions directly affecting it on which this part of my defini- TO THE EDITOROF “THENEW AGE.” tion of Socialismis based. Yet thisdistinction Mr. Skel- I am aminor reviewer onthe staff of THE NEW AGE ; thorncompletely ignores. He postulatesthe absurdity that therefore, I rushin where myelders (by about two years) all actions have equally a social reference. ButMr. Skelthorn fearto tread. If Dr.Whitby and Mr. ArnoldBennett and goesstill further than this, affirming that “every act from Mr. Swinnerton will believe me, thereis no conspiracy thecradle to the grave performed by one citizeninvolves amongstus as to the manner in which reviewingshall be more or less injury (sic) to another.” So it is plainly, there- done.We say what we thinkabout a book ora play : it fore,a duty imposed by the highest social morality upon mey be captious,it may be anything anyone likes, butit every citizen to go forthwith andshoot himself! No ! Mr. is definitely and honestly what we think. And in these days, Skelthorn,the sacredness of individualliberty inself- when a great deal of criticism is patently dishonest, and in regardingmatters as defined inmy letter of theissue of some casesilliterate, that issomething for which Dr. June 30, must be an integral position of Socialism if it is not Whitby and Mr. Bennett and Mr. Swinnerton ought devoutly todegenerate into the cast-iron tyranny against which its tobe thankful. The fact that they persistently read the opponents are so fond of warning the world! reviews publishedin this journal does denote that in a muddle-headedfashion they are thankful. I amopen to As I am writing I would like, with the Editor’s permission, wagerthat there are few other, if any,journals in this to callattention to the fact that, owing to an accidentin country whose reviews aredeliberately read as a matter the press, making “printers’ pie,” the last paragraph of my of course in the same way that the leading articles, middles, “short definition “ (7) has been rendered fairly unintelligible. poems, and what not, are read. It shouldread as follows : “Thatthe firstpolitical aim of Socialists in the present day should be the destruction of the Now, takethis matter of theRepertory Theatre ! The power of privateproperty, either as exercised directlyby objection to “Misalliance,” so farat all events as I am therepresentation of the interests of privateproperty in concerned, is not that it was in a new form, or that it flouted theLegislature, or indirectly by the existing Government dramaticconventions and had little respect for Aristotle. bureaucracies, which have in their hands the administration In thesematters I am aPragmatist: I donot care how of the political and social machinery. This power of wealth, anartist gets his effects solong as he gets them.My objectionto “Misalliance ” is that Mr. Shawdid not get which in either case is used to sustain the principle of private any effect atall. Ashley Dukestells me that that was propertyholding, and to further the interests of thepro- because he had flouted the dramatic conventions; I do not pertied classes, it is essential to get rid of, before the class agree with AshleyDukes. Mr. Shaw flouted thedramatic state of to-daycan become the Socialist Commonwealth of conventionsin precisely the same manner in “Getting to-morrow.” AN OLD SOCIALIST. Married ” andto a minor extent in “John Bull’s Other *** Island ” ; but neither of those plays bored me. Misalliance ” sent me yawning from the gallery of the Repertory Theatre EGYPT. before thelast act had reached its wearisome end.“Mis- TO THE EDITOR OF “THE NEWAGE.” alliance ” was hash; there was not anything in it that Mr. Mr. S. Verdadhas this week invited anargument by Shawhad not already said, and said much better. The hisnotes onEgypt. Now we donot ask for the objection then, to “ Misalliance ” is solely that “ Misalliance ” sentimentalism of Mr. Verdad.We ask him for justice if is a bad play. he hasthe courage to accept it. Whatis unjust in the Thatleads me to the amazing doctrine propounded by nationalist demand for universal and gratuitous education ? Jacob Tonson, to wit, that Mr. Barker was bound to produce Why should it be just for an old man in England to have “Misalliance”because Mr. Shaw sentitto him. That, apension and unjust for an old manin Egypt to ask for tome, is the most incomprehensiblestatement I haveever it?We charge the Anglo-Egyptian Government with seenin, print, or out of it. Why,in the name of heaven? deliberate ill-will tothe Egyptians for Because of Mr. Shaw‘s eminence?Is, then, a manto be (I) Raising the fees for school children (£8for elementary i allowed toclimb into a positionfrom which hecan hurl education) and accepting only a very limited number. anysort of rubbishat us merely because he is inthat JULY 14, 1910 THE NEW AGE 261 position? Mr. Tonson’sdoctrine can only bejustified Thoseof us who haveread your recent “Notes of the commercially;it means, crudely stated,that Mr. Barker Week ” quite recognise what your conception of Democracy were a foolif he were notto produce anything Mr. Shaw is, and how the dry, unimaginative Socialism expounded by chooses towrite because Mr. Shawhas a following which modern authorities onthe subject fails to attain it even in will pay to see anythinghe chooses towrite ! It is time theory.Therefore continue to criticise modern Socialism. that Mr. Shaw‘s followers were protectedfrom Mr. Shaw Letthe Fabian Society carry on itsharmless and rather andfrom themselves. Quite clearlyit was Mr. Barker’s amusing propaganda, like Christian missionaries among the duty to refuse to produce “Misalliance ” on the ground that Jews. Butlet THE NEW AGE continue to bethe only it was a badplay, and on thatground alone. Consider the review inEurope which doesnot attempt to curryfavour effect that would havehad on Mr. Shaw!He might have with anyparticular Party or group,and is not afraid to re-writtenthe play;he might have made a good playout tellits friends they are in the wrong when theyactually of it; we might now be glorifyingin a richRepertory are so. If any of yourreaders mistake your eagerness to Theatreinstead of bemoaningits supersession by “ The facefacts rare(a characteristic of Englishmen)for Dawn of To-morrow! ” Inthis world, Charlesthe Second reactionism, consoleyourself with thethought that THE seems to succeed Oliver Cromwell with pitiless regularity ! NEW AGE was borninto the world tosave the souls of The objectionto “Misalliance “ does not apply to “The theelect. In a word, stickto your guns. To saysomething MadrasHouse.” I haveforgotten what Ashley Dukes said pour épater les bourgeois used to be thought good fun. But about Mr. Barker’s play, but I remember what I said about you have discovered somethingfunnier still ; tosay some- it myself.The play interested me extraordinarily. Except thingpour épater lessocialistes-so few of themhave a forthe facts that it was over-longand not sufficiently sense of humour. dogmatic, I liked it and enjoyed it. I said so in the ‘‘Labour J. M. KENNEDY. Leader.” I didnot enjoy “ Misalliance,’! and I said so in *** the “ LabourLeader.” That cost me at least two votes at thelast election tothe Fabian Executive. Two Shaw “adorers,” as we call them in the Fabian nursery, declined THETRUST IN CRIME. tovote for me on the ground that I had “no soul! ” By- TO THE EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.” God ! They voted for Mr. So-and-Sc,who putsin about two attendancesat committee meetings during the year ! Theblood-lust of lawyers is yet so strongthat they are willing to take even circumstantial evidence as a means to Well, well, we who criticised “Misalliance “ adversely have the satisfaction of knowingthat we were right,The thedeath sentence. Instead of JudgeColeridge directing thejury to beware of so flimsy astring of “evidence ” as “ adorers”are beginning to admit it already. When Shaw has been dead three years, they will become Shaw “haters,’: that flimsy string of accident,personal belief andfantasy andthen Dukes and I will haveto start reminding them which may hangJohn Dickman, this judge egged on of what fine work Shawhas done. Inthat day wewon’t the jurymen, who, except two or three, needed no urging to convince themselves thatthe man accused was theguilty refer to “Misalliance ” at all. man.There was minority who heldout for two hours ST. JOHN G. ERVINE. a *** and a halfagainst the verdictBut the cunning of the judge was cunningindeed. Difficult would ithave been for “NEW AGE ’’ POLICY. the jury to have discovered while he was orating, the subtle, TO THE EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.” insolentmethod of LordColeridge’s attack upon, the Perhaps you will kindly permit me to comment on certain prisoner.But the reports of thesumming-up all coincide opinions which areentertained regarding the policy of to exhibitthis judge reversing the judicial procedure by THE NEW AGE. Someare apparent from the letters you stating first the facts which defendedthe prisoner, and haverecently published on Socialism; others I have heard leaving the details of the prosecution to take effect last upon inother quarters. the minds of the jurymen. Now ifwe wantthe fanatical explosions of theextreme Asign of theNorth reviving from its recent ferocious idealisticSocialists, we caneasily get them by going to fit of prejudice is that the unfairness of the judge has now HydePark or by purchasing“Justice.” If we want aroused a strongand growing party in Dickman’s favour. Socialismexpounded from the arid economical point of The type of mind which does not. shrink from a condemna- view, without a spark of higher imagination than is neces- tionon circumstantial evidence is, however, shown at its saryto appeal to an artisan of thebetter class, we can crudestin the Newcastle mob that follows themiserable buy the“Clarion,” which, by the way, seemsto be an wife ofthe condemned man about the streets booing, and unconscionably long time dying. On the other hand, apart wears herstrength away by hostiledemonstrations before from THE NEW AGE, there is no review printed in English her house. which deals withdifficult politicalproblems from a stand- As forthe sensational identification by the widow of the point which is at once abstract (not idealistic) and practical. murderedman, after local opinion had become inflamed- You deserve the thanks .of those who desire to view questions it is not good enough ! Adolf Beck was positively identified freed as much as possible from mere Party bias for having and sworn away intopenal servitude. If hisalleged crime shown conclusivelywhat was inthe minds of many of us; hadbeen murder, Beck would havebeen hanged innocent. that shibboleths are not confined only to Conservatives and If there were not amidstthe ring of persons who are Liberals,but are to be found among the Labour men sendingDickman to death that doubtful shrouded figure, andthe Socialists. Butthe Conservatives andLiberals onemight exhaust ink on thesatirical side of this trial. arestill the only parties that count ; their shibboleths are That judge is really a man for Molière or our own Dickens. theshibboleths of potentialactivity and reform, whereas “ I donot presume to judge you,” after thesuccess of his theshibboleths of theSocialists are the shibboleths of wicked. summing up,he assured Dickman amI only impotence, envy, andpotential bureaucracy. theminister of thelaw.” He then pronounced very slowly, There is anotherpoint about which youmay receive and raising his hand, “May God Almightgy,” etc. If we may complaints. A few ofthe less clear-sighted Socialists- decide from the Beck case,our police-court news travels thisgroup being distinctly in the majority-have blamed tardily heavenward. THENEW AGE forsaying harsh things about the Liberal Advantage should have been taken of the fact that there Governmentand less harsh things about the opposition. was nothingin the world againstDickman but circum- Thisis the very acme of muddle-headedness.Extremes stantial evidence to bring the lesson of reason and a decent meetinthe domain of politicsas they do elsewhere. consciencehome to people only too eager to formcon- Speaking as one who is, onthe whole, aConservative I victions uponaccidents and fancies. No scientist would haveno hesitation in saying that we Tories feel we have base an opinion about anything upon such grounds as have muchmore in common with theSocialists than with the madethis judge assured enough to connive at a prisoner’s Liberals. If I amnot mistaken, haveI also seen this death. opinion expressed in one or two professedly Socialist papers. Apart altogether from the gross injustice and unfairness of LordColeridge stands atthis moment for the most the Liberal Press, of which we have had so many examples irresponsible of men, a gambleron his own opinions. To recently,it is becoming clearer every day that there is no this lawyer thespilling of blood is meansby so place for the Liberal in modern politics. He is an anomaly. serious as heinformed Dickman. He instructed the jury: Certainparties on the Continent call themselves Liberal, “The lawdoes not require juries to act on certainties and certainties alone.’’ There’s a code for a scientific ageto andthe “ Daily News “ disownsthem. There is no room for Radicals, either,They must inevitably be absorbed by hast of ! Inthe course of thisremarkable harangue theSocialists or become Conservatives. Therefore, go on nothing is perhapsmore gruesomely comic thanthe criticising the Liberals : a bewildered political Party, which following sentencebearing against (always against) the mumbles old catchwordsabout peace, retrenchment, and prisoner’s account of his walk toStannington : “If they reforn while makinghuge additions to the estimates and (the jury) believed the prisoner, then they must acquit him. engaging new hordes of State officials, declaimingabout If theydischarged him, where was heduring those two the House of Lords while creating seven peers who will be hours? ’’ I canimagine the prisoner dumbly saying Conservative in two years-what fate but utter extermination inside hissporting mind : “Notan earthly ! ” Whatthe is deserved by such a facing-both-ways group ?-Janus with judge should properly have said is : ‘(If you disbelieve this a towel round his head. story, what evidence have you that it is not true ? ” There 262 THE NEW AGE: JULY 14,1910

is not a particleof evidence to disprove the story! One dynasty and succession until Ismail Pasha’s bribery diverted furtherinstance of theinvincible prejudice of the judge. that succession fromPrince Halim (the rightful heir Aboutthe bloodstained gloves,which stainthe chemist according to the Mohammedan law of succession} to Tewfik declinedto swearwas eventhe blood of a mammal,let Pasha.(‘The idea of AhmedArabi approaching the alone a human, the judge remarked always drawing tighter KhediveMuhammad Tewfikwith a proposalto throw off therope : “Thestain on the gloves might also havebeen theTurkish yoke is bothoriginal and finelycomic ; so 1s disregarded, but that stain was a recent stain, while prisoner thesuggestion that Arabi’s objectin the conspiracy was said he had not used the gloves for three months.” A liar, to improve the finances of the country and abolish bribery yousee, andthere you haveanother proof thatthis man and corruption.” All this nay be “finely comic ” to murderedthe deceased ! True, we have no proof that MarmadukePickthall, but is neverthelesstrue. Dickmanhad worn these gloves recently.True, blood Tewfik Pashasucceeded to theprincely throne of Egypt might have dropped on to the one single finger which was through Ismail’s bribery,and the country was bankrupt stained.But circumstantial guesses in the prisoner’s favour on the accession of Tewfik, notwithstandingthe existence havenot the same weight as when theseare against him. of theDual Control. UndoubtedlyDickman lied aboutwearing the gloves Of If there was noTurkish yoke tothrow off, how does course he wore them;and although the blood mightbe MarmadukePickthall account for that famous telegram, fish blood, itis undoubtedly the blood of themurdered datedJune 26, 1879, “from the Sultan of Turkeyto the man ! ex-Khedive, IsmailPasha,” deposing that Prince and Thus we can shuffle away a man’s life if we are sanguinary appointingMehemet Tewfik Pashahisassuccessor? mindedto do so. If Dickman were never so. guilty we Marmaduke Pickthall is evidently ignorant of the fact that should be wrong to try him by the methods of Lord Cole- a Turkish Party existed in Egypt at this period headed by ridge. Thepublic is becominghealthily familiar with the HalimPasha, and that a tribute was beingpaid to the ways of lawyers. Science will banishthem finaIly from Porte. jurisdiction over criminals.Under the Indian caste system Now, as to theCopts. Marmaduke Pickthall says “ they when that system was at its best, lawyers wereclassed with provided most of theGovernment clerks under the old theChandalas, the lowest caste,scavengers, and what not. Turkishrégime, were notmerely agriculturists, as Duse While we suffer them, our immediate business is to maintain Mohamed suggests.” This abundantly proves, if proof were civilisationagainst them. Thejudicial murder of Dickman wanting, how MarmadukePickthall has twisted and dis- uponcircumstantial evidence if carriedout will offend tortedmy statements in order that he might prove his civilisation. No one who wasnot set upon it would hang exceptionalknowledge of Egyptianhistory! “ a cat on that evidence. I never “ suggested ” that“the Copts were merely BEATRICEHASTINGS. agriculturists.” I said, “the Copt, who for centurieshad *** remained in a condition of serfdom under his Mohammedan masters, was permitted and assisted to peacefully pursue his WILLIAM MORRIS MEMORIAL HALL. agriculturalavocations.” Both Canada and Australia are engaged in manufacture, but the mainstay of these colonies TO THE EDITOROF “ THE NEW AGE.” is agriculture. We therefore call them agricultural colonies, A circular has lately come into my hands having reference inasmuch as we are taught that “the greater includes the to the above,which I thinkdeserves the serious attention less ” ; butMarmaduke Pickthall’s “logic ” 1s castin a of allfollowers of Morris,Socialists in particular. On the moresuperior mould ! Perhapsit would beas well to frontispiece is adrawing showing the “Proposed Elevation informMarmaduke Pickthall that there were Syrianclerks underconsideration by the Committee,” and this elevation as well as Copts under the Turkish régime, and further, that is so poor in character and so woefully lacking in anything these Coptic protégés of his were instrumental in retarding approachingarchitectural treatment, as almost to provoke the efforts of theBritish andFrench financial controllers Morris to turnin his grave! As amemorial to William intheir endeavours to straighten out the tangled finances Morris, “ Craftsman,Designer, Poet,” it would betoo of thecountry. Marmaduke Pickthall alsobewails thefact ludicrousand its appearance on thecircular gives one that I shouldhave called him, and those of hiskidney, causeto wonder whether Socialists have really understood “rashmeddlers.” Have I notproved him to be a ‘(rash theteaching of Morrisand the principles underlying all meddler ”? mightI also addthat trite English saying: his work. “a little knowledge is a dangerous thing.” The names of Walter Crane, Emery Walker and Cobden Marmaduke Pickthall’s article, although beautifully decor- Sanderson appear on the circular, but I can hardly imagine ated with Latin and French embroidery, not to mention his any of these gentlemen lending their support to a scheme, “knowledge ” of an Arabichistory of theperiod, written the suggested chief feature of which is a building apparently from the young Egyptian standpoint, which would have pro- transgressingevery tradition of decentarchitecture. vided me with firmerground, is all very pretty, and was MayhaveI the indulgence of yourvaluable columns doubtlessmeant to beimpressive; but although we are to askSocialists to make further enquiries as to thekind taught that ’‘ critics are ready-made,” Marmaduke Pickthall of building the hall is to be before subscribing to the fund? lacksboth the critical faculty and that element of good It would be an everlasting reflection on the illustrious name taste which is expected of those “who write to the papers.” of WilliamMorris to associate it with aproject so far In conclusion, I respectfullybeg to inform Marmaduke removed, in its external appearance at all events, fromthe Pickthallthat, instead of showingan indifference for his- spirit teaching.of his T. ALWYN LLOYD. toricalfacts, I amonly too sure of myposition, inasmuch *** as I was in the city of Alexandria during its bombardment by the British in 1882--not “ in Nelson’s time ” ! THE SITUATION IN EGYPT. My father was an officer in the Egyptian Army, falling at TO THE EDITOROF “THENEW AGE.” Tel-el-Kebir.Arabi Pasha was a frequentvisitor at my In THE NEW AGE (June 30) appeared a reply to my father’s house during those stirring times, thereby giving me articleon the above subject by MarmadukePickthall, who ample opportunity to obtain that first-hand knowledge which begs to be allowed “to point out a few inaccuracies and to MarmadukePickthall has acquired second-hand from his comment on the issueswhere thefacts are truly stated.” “Arabichistory of theperiod.” DUSE MOHAMED. First,let me state that my “inaccuracies “ comprisedone inaccurate word. “ Onthe British fleet being ‘sighted’ (theFrench squadron) immediately put to sea.”The word “augmented ” shouldhave been written instead of Articles the “sighted,” which I franklyadmit was grosscarelessness of Week, on my part,and therefore deserves the just censure and ANONYMOUS, “The Tyranny of Socialism,”Out- uncontrolledindignation of MarmadukePickthall. I am look, July g. sorryto he compelledto refute Marmaduke Pickthall, but ARCHER, WM., “Aristotleand Darker,” really I didnot refer to “Nelson’s time,”but to July I I, Mr. 1882 ; and as my mentor has evidently misread his history, MorningLeader, July g. I would suggestto Marmaduke Pickthall that instead of BAUGHAN, E. A., “ Mozart as OperaComposer,” reading his “Arabic history of the period,’’ he will straight- DailyNews,, July 4. way consult some English history of theperiod, which he BELLOC,HILAIRE, “ His Character,”Morning will doubtlessunderstand much better. Post, July g. J am now forty-five years of age,and as I suffer from BENNETT, ARNOLD, “ The Mysterious People,” rheumatism, I am quite incapable of indulging in anything Daily Chronicle,July g. borderingupon terpsichorean a gyration, martial or BINYON, LAURENCE,“Mr. Ricketts on Titian,” “ imaginative.” “DuseMohamed is confusing him (Arabi Pasha) with SaturdayReview, July g. MuhammadAli ” (?) I amnot confusing Mehemet Ali BLATCHFORD,ROBT., “ Brutality, Brains, and with AhmedArabi Pasha. Mehemet Ali diedin the year Boxing,”Weekly Dispatch, July IO; “Shall. we Con- 1849 (Aug. 2), and was responsiblefor the Khedivial tinuethe Clarion?” Clarion July 8. JULY 14,1910 THE NEW AGE 263

CHESTERTON, G. K., “Something,”Daily News, fects of theDepartmental Report,” Morning Leader, July 9. July 8. COLQUHOUN, A. R., “The ‘ Sokols’and the TIBAL, A., “ Le Théatre Allemand D’Aujourd’hui,’’ Movementthey Represent,” Graphic, July 9. Revuede Paris, July I. DOUGLAS,JAS., “ Inthe New Forest : TheOld TITTERTON, W. R., “ A SuspectedCharacter,” Deerherd,”Morning Leader, July 4. Daily News, July 7. DUVAL,MAURICE, “M. CharlesBenoist,” Revue TOLLEMACHE,The Hon. LIONEL A., “ Re- InternationaleIllustrée July I. miniscences of GoldwinSmith,” Nation, July g. GEORGE, W. L., “ Johnson v. Jeffries : Willthe TOULMIN,GEO., M.P., “ AnInstrument of FightPrecipitate a RaceWar?” Daily Chronicle, Economy,”Nation, July g. July 6. WATTS, A. A., “ Out-relief andthe Payment of GIBBS,PHILIP, “History under the Hammer : Rent,”Justice, July g. ThePass of Killiecrankie tobe Sold at Auction,” WEBB, SIDNEY, “ How to AbolishDestitution,” Graphic,July g. Labour Leader, July 8. “ GRAHAM,R. B. CUNNINGHAME, “ Don WILSON H. W., Is the Navy Ready for War?” Martin,”Saturday Review, July g. Daily Mail, July 8. GREEN, F. E.“The Small Holding in July,” Daily News,July 4. GWYNNE,STEPHEN, M.P., “Ireland and the Bibliographies of Modem Authors, Truce of God,” DailyMail, July 7. 34.FREDERIC HARRISON. HARRISONFREDERIC, “ TheNear East,” Times, July 4 (letter to the Editor). 1862 MEANINGOF HISTORY. (Trübnerand Co. HARTLEY,EDWD. R.,“Saving the Children : Out of print.) Open-airSchooIs,” Clarion, July 8. 1875 ORDERAND PROGRESS. (Longmans. Out of print.) HORN, J. G., “ The Paris Bookstalls on the Quays,” Chambers’s Journal, July. 1875 SOCIALSTATICS. Comte’s PositivePolity, HORWILL, H. W., “Payment of LabourRepre- vol. ii. (Longmans.Out of print.) sentatives,”Political Science Quarterly, June. 1886 THECHOICE OFBOOKS. (Macmillan’s EversleySeries. 3 /6.) “ HUBERT,” “ Are Americans Sportsmen ? : Some Reflections on theReno Fight and its Aftermath,” 1888 OLIVERCROMWELL. (Macmillan. 2/6.) SundayChronicle, July IO. 1893 ANNALSOF AN OLD MANOR HOUSE. HYNDMAN,H. M., “TheComing Com-of (Macmillan. Out of print.) munism,”Justice, July g; “ Socialismand the Navy : 1899 ----New Edition. (Macmillan. 5/-.) The German Danger,” Morning Post, July 6 (letter to 1892 NEW CALENDAROF GREAT MEN. (Part theeditor). of.) (Macmillan. 7/6.) LANG, ANDREW, “ University Cricket,” Morning 1894 THEMEANING OF HISTORY,Enlarged. Post,July 8; “ ScottLetters,” Illustrated London (Macmillan’sEversley Series. 3 /6.) News, July g. 1895 VICTORIANLITERATURE. (E. Arnold. MACNEILL,Prof. J. G. SWIFT, K.C., M.P., 5/-) “ The AccessionDeclaration ” (secondarticle), West- 1896 INTRODUCTIONTO COMTE’SPOSITIVE minsterGazette, July 7. PHILOSOPHY. (Bohn’sLibrary. 3 vols.) MAHAN,Admiral (United States Navy), “ Britain 1896 -----CARLYLE’S PASTAND PRESENT. andthe German Navy,” Daily Mail, July 4. (Ward, Lock and Co.) MARSHALL, ALFRED, “ Alcoholism and Ability,” 1903 ----CARLYLE’S ESSAYS. (Blackie and Co. Times,July 7 (letterto the Editor). I /6 and 2/6 each.) MASSINGHAM, H. W., “ The Jingo Party : ‘ lm- 1905 -----BACON’S ESSAYS. (Blackieand Co. perialists ’ in Egypt,” Morning Leader, July 4. 1/6 and 2/6 each.) MONEY, L. G. CHIOZZA, “ BritishTrade and 1906 -----TROLLOPE’S BARSETSHIRETALES. the Japanese Tariff,” Morning Leader, July 7 ; “ The (Introductionin Vol. I.) (Bell andCo.) Protectionist in Ireland : Is Irish Hosiery Penalised by 1897 WILLIAM THESILENT. (Macmillan. 2/6.) America? ” DailyNews, July 6. 1897 THEMILLENARY OFKING ALFRED. O’CONNOR, T. P., “ The PoliticalOutlook : Less Essay. (Black.) Misgivingamong Liberals,” Reynolds’s, July IO. 1899 TENNYSONRUSKIN, MILL, AND PAIN,BARRY, ‘‘ TheHuman Zoo,” DailyChro- OTHERS. (Macmillan. 8/6.) nicle, July 5. 1900 BYZANTINEHISTORY INTHE EARLY PORRITTEDWARD, “The BritishLabour Party MIDDLEAGES. (Macmillan. 2/6.) in 1910,” PoliticalScience Quarterly, June. 1901 GEORGEWASHINGTON AND OTHER RAMSAY, SirWM., “The Turkish Gendarme,” AMERICANADDRESSES. (Macmillan, ManchesterGuardian, July 6. NewYork. 7/6.) ROBERTSON,J.M., M.P., “ Mr.Balfour as 1902 LIFE OF RUSKIN. (Macmillan. 2/-.) Orientalist,” Westminster Gazette, July g. 1904 THEOPHANO. (Chapmanand Hall. 10/-) ROCH, W. F., M.P., “ RobertOwen,” Socialist Review, July. 1905 CHATHAM. (Macmillan. 2/6.) ROOK, CLARENCE, “ Clothesand the Man,” 1905 HERBERTSPENCER LECTURE (Oxford). DailyChronicle, July 4. (UniversityPress. 2 /6.) RUNCIMAN,JOHN F., “ AVery Blind Bat,’” 1906 NICEPHORUS. A Tragedy of NewRome. SaturdayReview, July g. (Privately printed.) RUSSELL, G. W. E., “ Gladstone’sCorrespon- 1906 MEMORIES ANDTHOUGHTS. (Macmillan. dence,”Manchester Guardian, July 4. 8/64 RUSSELL, THOS., “ Phrase-making : Words that 1907 CARLYLEAND THE LONDON LIBRARY. WinImmortality,” Morning Leader, July 7. (Chapmanand Hall. 3/6.) SAIT, E. M., “ EconomicAspects of the French 1907 THECREED OF A LAYMAN. (MacmilIan. Revolution,” Political Science Quarterly, June. 7 /6.) SCHLOESSER, H. H., “ Progress and Existence,“ 1907 THEPHILOSOPHY OF COMMON SENSE. Socialist Review, July. (Macmillan.7/6.) SECCOMBE, THOS., “ Onthe AllegedBarren- 1908 MY ALPINEJUBILEE. (Smithand Elder. ness of the ‘ Best Sellers,’ ” Graphic, July g. 3/64 SHARP, EVELYN, “ The Art of Jumbling,” Morn- 1908 NATIONALAND SOCIAL PROBLEMS ingLeader, July 6. (Macmillan. 7 /6.) SMITH, CONSTANCE, ‘‘ Pottery and Poison : De- 1908 REALITIESAND IDEALS. (Macmillan. 7/6) 264 THE NEW AGE JULY 14, 1910

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