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The Ceremonies of the Roman Rite Described (1917)

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The Ceremonies of the Roman Rite Described (1917) PART II THE HOLY SACRIFICE CHAPTER VI LOW MASS SAID BY A PRIEST § 1. PREPARATION LTHOUGH High Mass, historically, is the original rite, so that Low Mass is really only a shortened form ofthat, nevertheless, in practice, the first thing a priest must learn is how to say Low Mass. 1 He A does so constantly, generally every morning. The ceremonies of normal Low Mass form, as it were, the back­ ground for all other Eucharistic rites. It is possible to describe these others more shortly, supposing that the priest is familiar with those of Lo\v Mass. Then we need note only the differ­ ences on other occasions. Nothing is said here about the rite, as far as the prayers are concerned; that is another matter and is extremely com­ plicated. Here we describe only the ceremonies. Before Mass the following preparations must be made. The altar must be uncovered of the dust-cloth (so-called vesper­ cloth, p. 8), leaving the three altar-cloths of white linen. It must have a cross and three, at least two, candles, which two are lighted. They should stand at either end. The third candle, ordered by the rubrics for the consecration, ~ should stand at the epistle end of the altar, outside the others, or it may be fixed to a bracket near the altar. The frontal and tabernacle veil (if there is a tabernacle containing the Sanc­ tissimum) should be of the colour of the vestments, with the exception noted above (p. 6). The missal-stand or cushion must be at the epistle side of the altar, straight, so that its front line is parallel with the front of the altar. The missal lies on it, with its edges towards the cross, unless the server bring this with him from the sacristy. In any case, all the places should be found and marked in it before Mass begins. The altar-cards will be in their place on the altar, as de­ scribed at p. 20. If it is to be used, the card with the prayers 1 For the ceremonies of Low Mass the first norm is, of course, the rubrics of the missal (Rubricae generales and Ritus sel"'Jandus). The standard commentary on these rubrics is Bartholomew Gavanti's Tlu­ saurus sacrorum rituum, with the additional notes of Cajetan Merati (Venice edition, 1762), especially the second part (vol. i, pp. 89-192). See also Pius Martinucci, Manuale sacrarum C'aerimoniarum, 3rd edition, corrected and edited by John Baptist Menghini (Regensburg and Rome, Pustet, 1911-1916), vol. i, part i, pp. 343-383; Le Vavasseur, kIanue! de Liturgie, 10th edition, edited by H:egy (Paris, Lecoffre, 1910), vol. i, pp. 272-362; J. B. de Herdt, SaCl'ae Liturgiae pra.o:is, 9th edition (Louvain, 1894), vol. i, pp. 261-397; J. F. Van der Stappen, Sacra Liturgia, 2nd edition (Mechlin, H. Dessain, 19°4-19" j, vol. iii, pp. 294-394; I. \Vapd­ horst, Compendium sacrae LitU1;giae, 9th edition (l\'ew York, Benziger, '915), PP' 78-107; Felix Zualdi, The sacred Ceremonies ofL07" AIass, trans­ lated by M. O'Callaghan, 9th edition (Dublin, Browne and Nolan, 1911). The rules of the Codex for Mass are contained in c. 801-844- 2 See pp. 7, ,64. 4' 4 2 Ube 1bol)] Sacrifice said after Mass will be at the epistle side, at the bottom of the altar steps. On the credence table the cruets stand, filled with wine and water, with the dish and towel (pp. r6-r7). The bell may be on the credence table, or (in England more usually) at the epistle side, near where the server will kneel. In the sacristy the vestments are laid out on the vesting table, in the order in which the priest will put them on, so that the one he takes first will be on the top. First the chasuble is laid out, conveniently so that the priest can take it at once. It is laid on the table with the front part down; then the lower part of the back is folded so that he can easily put it over his head. On the chasuble the stole is laid, then the maniple, the girdle, the alb and amice, in that order. Each priest uses his own amice and purificator; so that these are kept apart for him. The other vestments are the same for any celebrant. By the side of the vestments the chalice is prepared with the purificator, the paten, having on it the altar bread, the pall, veil and burse, with a corporal inside, as described at p. r6. Unless the missal is already on the altar, it will be placed near the vestments, so that the priest may first find and mark the places in it. All these preparations are made by the sacristan, or partly by the server, according to the custom of the church. In any case the server should look to see that all is ready in order before Mass begins. The time for Mass is not earlier than an hour before dawn nor later than r p.m.' The priest who is about to celebrate must be in a state of grace and fasting from midnight. According to the rubric, he should have said matins and lauds; 2 though this is not con­ sidered a grave obligation, so that a reasonable cause will excuse him from it. The rubric of another rite applies very well to that of Rome too. "The priest who is about to celebrate the holy mysteries must have confessed his sins, must be reconciled to all men and have nothing against anyone. He must keep his heart from bad thoughts, be pure, and fasting till the time of sacrifice." 3 Before Mass the priest will spend some time in saying preparatory prayers, and will make the intention for which he is to offer the sacrifice. He is not bound to use the prayers given for this purpose in the missal; " but they certainly form 5 the best preparation. Then, when he is ready, about five minutes before the time J Cod., c. 821. 2 Rit. eel., i, 1. :l Rubric of the Byzantine EucllOlogio1t before the" Order of the holy Liturgy." 4 The" Praeparatio ad missam pro opportunitate sacerdotis facienda " at the beginning of the missal. 5 Generally he will make this preparation in the church or sacristy. j!,ow .mass sai~ bl? a ~riest 43 fixed for !'1ass to begin, he goes to the sacristy or vesting table. It IS supposed that he already wears the cassock. I If he .does not wear this habitually, he will put it on before sayIng the preparatory prayers." The rubric directs that first he find the places in the missal." Then he washes his hands at t~e place prepared for that purpose, saying the prayer appol11ted. He sees that the chalice is prepared pro­ perly. Then he puts on the vestments. First he takes the amice, places it for a moment on the head, then slips it over the shoulders, ties the strings that keep it in place, passing them around the body, and inserts the amice all round the neck, inside his collar. He puts on the alb and sees that it does not trail on the ground. He fastens it round the body with the girdle, letting the two ends of the girdle hang down in front. He takes the stole, kisses the cross in its middle, puts it over the shoulders, crosses it in front, and fixes its ends on either side with the ends of the girdle. He takes the maniple, kisses the cross in the middle, puts it on the left arm and fastens it there with a pin or band. He puts on the chasuble, passing the head through the opening, and fixes it by tying the strings attached to it around the body. As he puts on each vestment he says the prayer appointed for that purpose in the missal. 4 It is usual that the server assist the priest in vesting by handing him each vestment, helping to arrange the alb, and so on. The celebrant then puts on his biretta. It is fitting that he be ready a minute or two before the time appointed for Mass. He will then stand at the vesting table and say his prayers till the time has come. From the time he has begun the prayers before Mass, he should not speak to anyone, except in case of strict necessity. At the time for beginning Mass the priest takes the chalice, covered, in the left hand, and lays the right on the burse. The veil should cover the chalice in front, so that it cannot be seen. If the veil has a cross or ornament on one side, the chalice should be held so that this be in front. Holding the chalice so, with head covered,' he bows slightly to the cross in the sacristy, then follows the server into the church. At the door of the sacristy it is usual that the priest No one may wear a skull-cap while saying :\Iass without express permission of the Holy See (Decree of Urban VIII at the beginning of the missal). Only Cardinals and bishops ha\'e this right normally. If anyone else has the privilege he must observe their rule (p. 23). " Cod., c. SJI. ' Rit. eel., i, I, • In the beginning, after the" Praeparatio." 5 At Low Mass the celebrant bows to the cross in the sacristy with covered head, because he already holds the chalice.
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