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eBulletin for the week of 10/01/18

Legislave Announcements

MBFA Lobbies for Munibond Tax Exempon; Marc Farmer Represents NWPPA; House Panel Considers ESA Bills, Comment Period Closes on Proposed Rule; FCC Asserts Authority over Municipal Pole Aachments; House Passes $854B Minibus Appropriaons Bill; House Energy Panel Conducts Oversight of the DOE’s New Cyber Oﬃce; Congress Tees Up FAA Reauthorizaon, Disaster Recovery, and Reform Act; Court Determines Coal Ash Impoundments Not Liable for Water Polluon, Deepening Circuit Split; and BLM Releases Update to “Connected Acons” Deﬁnion in NEPA Handbook.

Public Power Industry Announcements

We remember: Albert Apana; Galioto Assumes Assistant General Counsel Posion at Energy Northwest; Chilcote Honored at Okanogan PUD; SMUD Transions to Time‑of‑Day Pricing Structure; Cowlitz PUD Unveils Squirrel Bridge; Benton PUD Annual Senior Day; Boat Launch at Beebe Bridge Park to Close for Rebuilding; OPALCO Pole Replacement for Orcas Road Re‑Alignment; PCWA Board Receives Reports from North Tahoe Basin Special Districts; State Auditor Issues a Clean Report for Grays Harbor; SMUD Joins Leaders in Pledge to Cut Transportaon Energy Use in Half; Mason PUD 3 in Line to Receive State Funding for Public‑Private Broadband Partnership; Mason PUD 1 Board Passes Resoluon Opposing I‑1631; and Alameda Municipal Power to Join Fleet Week Safety Demonstraon. Subscribe Past Issues Translate READ MORE

Associate Member Announcements

CFC Elects HEA’s Janorschke to Board; NWPP Corporaon Elects Bill Drummond as Chairman; OSI Appoints Al Eliasen as Chief Operang Oﬃcer; America’s First SMR Makes Pivotal Advancement with Selecon of Manufacturer; ABB Launches Opmized Two‑Pole 1500V DC Switch for UL and IEC Solar Industry; ABB Launches Molded Case Circuit Breakers for Higher‑Voltage Solar Power Plants; and Evluma AreaMax Evolves.

Upcoming Educaonal Opportunies

Check out NWPPA's class oﬀerings in the eCatalog of Events. Click on the buon below.

Don't miss these upcoming training events:

NRECA CCD 2630 ‑ Strategic Planning Oct. 15, 2018 in Cordova, AK

Senior Leadership Skills Series Session 4: Lead Your Organizaon Oct. 16‑17, 2018 in Whiteﬁsh, MT

NRECA CCD 2610 ‑ Understanding the Electric Business Oct. 16, 2018 in Cordova, AK

Budget Basics for Ulies Oct. 23, 2018 in Spokane, WA

All Aboard: Supervisors Guide to Onboarding and Their Crical Role of Employee Development Oct. 23, 2018 in Vancouver, WA

Substaon Series: Substaon Transformers & LTC Diagnoscs Oct. 24, 2018 in Bend, OR

3 Cs Conference: Customer Service, Credit, and Collecons Oct. 24‑26, 2018 in Vancouver, WA

Evaluang Capital Projects Subscribe Past Issues Translate Oct. 24, 2018 in Spokane, WA

Metering for Linemen Oct. 25, 2018 in Bend, OR

Substaon Series: Print Reading and Electrical Circuit Troubleshoong Techniques Nov. 7‑8, 2018 in Bend, OR

Staking Technician Cerﬁcaon Program ‑ Phase 1 Nov. 13‑16, 2018 in Anchorage, AK

Industry Calendar of Events

A list of upcoming industry events and meengs.

READ MORE Subscribe RFPP'sas ta Inssdue sRFQ's Translate

Ulies: NWPPA oﬀers its ulity members the opportunity (at no cost) to post RFPs and RFQs on our website at no charge. Reach out to NWPPA's almost 4,000 associate member contacts that supply goods and services to the ulity industry and might be interested in responding to your ulity RFP/RFQ. To post your RFP/RFQ, visit our RFP/RFQ page. For more informaon, contact Debbie at [email protected] or Mark at [email protected].

Associate Members: Make sure to check out NWPPA's RFP/RFQ Web page to view ulity RFP lisngs. Lisngs are posted as they are received by NWPPA.

New RFP posted September 17, 2018!

Recent Industry Jobs

View the job opportunies posted to NWPPA's website in the past week.

On This Day in History

Yosemite Naonal Park Established; Ford Motor Company Unveils the Model T; Jimmy Carter Is Born; and Johnny Carson Makes Debut as The Tonight Show Host.

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Our mailing address is: 9817 NE 54th St.. Ste. 200 Vancouver, WA 98662 eBullen LEGISLATIVE ANNOUNCEMENTS eBullen ()  Legislave Announcements

MBFA LOBBIES FOR MUNIBOND TAX EXEMPTION; MARC FARMER REPRESENTS NWPPA

Municipal Bonds for America (MBFA) held its annual advocacy rally on Sept. 24 and 25. On the ﬁrst day, t representaves conveyed to congressional staﬀ the importance of tax‑exempt municipal bonds to infrastru

Marc Farmer, General Manager of Clatskanie People’s Ulity District, parcipated as a panelist and represe eﬀort. Farmer described the infrastructure at Clatskanie PUD recently ﬁnanced through bond issues, inclu lines, and distribuon facilies. Other sectors represented included airports, local governments, and inves

Farmer and the other panelists expressed the coalion’s support for restoring the tax exempon for advan Advance refunding allows a bond issuer to refinance a bond when interest rates are low (similar to refinanc public power ulies to save money on interest rates, freeing up financial assets for other purposes. He re advance refunded a 2007 bond issue, reducing the interest rate by more than two points and saving $1.4 m removed the tax exempon for this longstanding financing tool.

The second day of the rally was made up of dozens of meengs with congressional oﬃces, including sever addion to reiterang the importance of tax‑exempt ﬁnancing, the coalion urged House members to co‑s legislaon by Reps. Randy Hultgren (R‑IL) and Dutch Ruppersberger (D‑MD) that would restore the tax exe municipal bonds.

NWPPA has a standing resoluon in support of the tax exempon for municipal bond interest, and supports the restoraon of the exempon fo bonds.

HOUSE PANEL CONSIDERS ESA BILLS, COMMENT PERIOD CLOSES ON PROPOSED RULE

Update provided by Meguire Whitney

On September 26, the House Natural Resources Commiee held a legislave hearing to examine nine bills related to Endangered Species Act ref coordinated package in July by members of the Congressional Western Caucus. The bills seek to reform a wide range of ESA regulatory requirem increasing the role of states in developing conservaon and recovery plans, capping aorneys’ fees, increasing transparency in lisng determina backlog, codifying “no surprises” polices, and more.

While the commiee members’ support or opposion for the legislaon fell largely along party lines, the administraon’s posion was more nua Policy Analysis at the Department of Interior, tesﬁed that the administraon generally supported the goal of the proposed legislaon to improv but noted concerns that some of the bills may unduly increase the workload of agency staﬀ or expose the department to increased ligaon risk department’s willingness to work with the commiee to address areas of concern or disagreement.

Of note to NWPPA, the administraon oﬀered its support of H.R.6360 , the PREDICTS Act, which NWPPA has also endorsed. The bill, sponsore would codify into law the “no surprises” policies regulators already employ in conservaon agreements. Such polices help provide regulatory cer agencies from tacking on addional requirements or changes aer an agreement has been signed.

In a separate markup on September 27, the commiee took up four of the nine bills where they passed by a party‑line vote. The bills included H Species Transparency and Reasonableness Act; H.R. 6346 , The WHOLE Act; H.R. 6345 , The EMPOWERS Act; and H.R. 6355 , The PETITION A on the PREDICTS Act. The ming of a ﬂoor vote is uncertain given the planned recess before the midterm elecons and an unclear agenda for th

Proposed rule

The commiee’s acon follows on the heels of the recently closed comment period for the administraon’s own proposed modificaons to key E rule put forward by the Fish and Wildlife Service and NOAA fisheries (the Services) would streamline consultaon requirements; create greater d and endangered species protecons; ghten the definion of “foreseeable future” used in analysis; and allow economic implicaons to be consid among other policy updates. While the administraon described the changes as “technical modificaons” to ESA regulaons, supporters and det the implicaons of the proposed rule as significant. Hundreds of thousands of comments were submied before the September 24 deadline, including from NWPPA. The Associaon offered gener to improve implementaon of the ESA and highlighted specific elements that could have meaningful impact on ulies. NWPPA also referenced comments provided by the Naonal Endangered Species Act Coalion that effecvely outline areas of support and specific concerns with the Se expected to be issued in 2019.

FCC ASSERTS AUTHORITY OVER MUNICIPAL POLE ATTACHMENTS

Update provided by Meguire Whitney

On September 26, the Federal Communicaons Commission issued an order liming the fees local authories can charge wireless providers to a assets, including electric poles owned by municipal enes. The order, which was approved by a 4‑0 vote, represents a reinterpretaon of public service secon under the Communicaons Act.

The commission asserts these secons allow it to prevent fees and delays that undermine the deployment of wireless services. The order require aachment applicaons within 60 days for exisng poles and 90 days for new structures. A separate provision of the Communicaons Act provi an exempon from federal pole aachment regulaons, and therefore the order’s legality is likely to be challenged, which could delay its implem

While NWPPA members support deployment of broadband technology, the Associaon’s resoluon on pole aachments outlines how maintain owned ulity infrastructure is essenal to ensuring both safety and reliability.

HOUSE PASSES $854B MINIBUS APPROPRIATIONS BILL

Update provided by Meguire Whitney

On September 26, the House of Representaves voted in favor (361‑61) of a FY19 "minibus" appropriaons package that included the Departm and the Labor, Health and Human Services and Educaon appropriaons bill. Also included in the package was a connuing resoluon allowing f levels for any agency not receiving FY19 appropriaons by the end of the ﬁscal year. The connuing resoluon expires on December 7, acknowl appropriaons bills will pause for the month of October and pick up again aer the midterm elecons.

The White House has indicated that President Trump will sign the measure, despite earlier concerns that he would veto the bill over lack of fund security.

The House plans to adjourn on September 28 unl aer the midterm elecons. Negoaons on the four‑bill minibus package that includes the I Transportaon, Financial Services, and Agriculture funding bills have stalled, and with me running out in the ﬁscal year, it appears likely that the connuing resoluon.

HOUSE ENERGY PANEL CONDUCTS OVERSIGHT OF THE DOE’S NEW CYBER OFFICE

Update provided by Meguire Whitney

On September 27, the Energy Subcommiee of the House Energy and Commerce Commiee held an oversight hearing on the Department of E Energy Security, and Emergency Response. Karen Evans, the recently confirmed assistant secretary of this office, was the only witness. In her tes of the commiee through the legal authority that the DOE possesses as the sector‑specific agency for energy. She also described several of the efforts between industry and government enes, including the Cybersecurity Risk Informaon Sharing Program administered by the Electricity Center.

Members on both sides of the aisle asked Evans if she had suﬃcient authority and resources to address cyberthreats, and she responded by sayi that she is sll only four weeks on the job. She described to members that she would like to “culvate an ecosystem of resilience” within the elec conﬁdent ulies could presently withstand a sophiscated cyberaack. Her wrien tesmony also referenced the ongoing programs between t Power Associaon and the Naonal Rural Electric Cooperave Associaon to support best pracces in cybersecurity as an example of DOE’s en improve cyber “hygiene.”

NWPPA has also been an acve partner in cooperave eﬀorts to prevent cyberaacks and to protect the reliability of the electricity grid. The As FERC/NERC process for developing cybersecurity standards for the bulk power system and opposes measures that may undermine the exisng

CONGRESS TEES UP FAA REAUTHORIZATION, DISASTER RECOVERY, AND REFORM ACT

Update provided by Meguire Whitney

On September 22, congressional leaders reached an agreement on the pending Federal Aviaon Administraon Reauthorizaon bill. FAA opera September 30. The House passed the full agreement and one‑week extension on September 26 because the Senate was not likely to have enou agreement before the deadline. The Senate is expected to quickly pass the short‑term extension before September 28 and turn to the longer‑ter The final agreement includes several provisions relang to drones, including requiring the FAA to begin a process to establish drone “no‑fly” zone infrastructure. The agreement also directs FAA to test ways to integrate drone use beyond the visual line of sight, nighme operaons, and ope consideraons important for the effecve applicaon of drones by electric ulies. NWPPA advocates for policies that will allow public power e of drones to increase safety, efficiency, and reliability of ulity operaons.

The short‑term extension was also coupled with the Disaster Recovery and Reform Act. DRRA includes a provision that would prevent FEMA fro clawing back) emergency disaster funding more than three years aer disbursement due to administrave errors. Disaster relief funds awarded b speciﬁc recovery‑related purposes. FEMA may recover the funding within three years if the monies are not appropriately used. However, FEMA with voluminous administrave and documentaon requirements. If a grant recipient is found in noncompliance with these requirements, FEMA There are examples of FEMA taking such acon long aer all the grant funds have been spent, forcing municipalies and public power ulies to the original disaster and disbursement of funds. The DRRA would limit FEMA to making administrave de‑obligaon decisions within three year like other types of de‑obligaon decisions.

COURT DETERMINES COAL ASH IMPOUNDMENTS NOT LIABLE FOR WATER POLLUTION, D SPLIT

Update provided by Meguire Whitney

On September 24, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals decided two cases holding that pollutants (namely from coal ash impoundments) leaching t waters are not covered under the Clean Water Act because groundwater is not a “point source.” Although other circuit courts have held coal ash because groundwater is connected to surface water (known as the hydrologic connecon theory), the judge in these cases ruled that the Resour Act is the appropriate regulatory framework to address groundwater polluon.

The decisions exacerbate an exisng circuit split and one of them, likely one involving an impoundment at the Tennessee Valley Authority, may b Court. Ulies have been concerned that their properly licensed coal ash impoundments may suddenly be liable for nearby surface water contam connecon theory, which was not widely adopted when most coal ash impoundments were licensed. The ruling is a win for ulies, but not yet

BLM RELEASES UPDATE TO “CONNECTED ACTIONS” DEFINITION IN NEPA HANDBOOK

Update provided by Meguire Whitney

On September 10, the Bureau of Land Management issued a Permanent Instrucon Memorandum (PIM ) to update the deﬁnion and analysis p under the Naonal Environmental Policy Act.

The memo clariﬁes that only federal acons can be considered “connected acons” under NEPA analysis and that non‑federal acons, even if clo separately. The document also encourages connected acons to be discussed in a single NEPA document, even if they involve mulple federal a

While the BLM connues its eﬀorts to revise the broader NEPA handbook, the agency issued the PIM to amend the exisng handbook to beer with recent case law. eBullen PUBLIC POWER INDUSTRY ANNOUNCEMENTS eBullen ()  Public Power Industry Announcements

WE REMEMBER: ALBERT APANA

Clark Public Ulies (Vancouver, Wash.) announced that one of their own, Water Service Operator Albert Apana, was involved in a vehicle collis traveling from a work site in Bale Ground and did not survive the accident.

"Al was a valued part of this ulity for 15 years, starng in the Customer Service Department and for many years working as a Water Systems O General Manager. "He was a gentle, kind, and professional man who will be missed across the organizaon as a colleague and, for many of us, my was known as a devoted family man and we are holding the Apana family, his wife, and his son and daughter close as we all grieve this loss."

According to the Clark County Sheriﬀ's Department the ulity vehicle Apana was driving was involved in a three‑vehicle collision. The police rep occurred when the driver of a southbound vehicle aempted to pass another vehicle, driving into the oncoming lane. Apana was traveling north collided with the PUD vehicle.

GALIOTO ASSUMES ASSISTANT GENERAL COUNSEL POSITION AT ENERGY NORTHWEST

Energy Northwest announced that Kathleen Galioto has been selected to ﬁll the posion of assistant general counsel/legal services manager. Sh past six months and will oﬃcially assume the responsibilies on October 6, 2018. Galioto replaces Angel Rains, who upon compleng manageme Services & Development's assistant general manager and assistant general counsel. This organizaonal change will result in an assistant general c nuclear and non‑nuclear aspects of Energy Northwest.

Galioto has over 17 years of legal experience in both the public and private sectors. During law school, she was a member of the Gonzaga Law R editor for the 1999‑2000 academic year, graduang from Gonzaga University Law School in 2000. Prior to coming to Energy Northwest, she wa aorney working

in the Civil Division of the Benton County Prosecutor's Oﬃce in Kennewick, Wash. Galioto joined Energy Northwest in April 2012 as senior cou support to Energy Northwest and specializing in the area of contracts. During the last six years, she has provided ligaon management, complia numerous client groups including, but not limited to, Supply Chain Services; Records and Informaon Management; Regulatory Aﬀairs; and Envir She is admied to pracce in the state and federal courts in Washington.

CHILCOTE HONORED AT OKANOGAN PUD

Okanogan PUD (Wash.) honored Rob Chilcote for his dedicated 15 years of service at the September 10 board meen on September 2, 2003, and has worked for the District for 15 years. He also serves the community by volunteering wi umpire for youth sports.

SMUD TRANSITIONS TO TIME‑OF‑DAY PRICING STRUCTURE

SMUD—Sacramento, California’s community‑owned, not‑for‑proﬁt electric ulity—is transioning its customers to its new me‑of‑day rate struc Time‑of‑day pricing is based upon when energy is used, as well as how much is used, because rates vary by me‑of‑day and by season.

Time‑of‑day is a form of me‑based pricing where electricity will cost more during summer weekdays from 5 to 8 p.m., but much less during the and holidays. And winter rates are even lower. It costs 2 to 3 mes more to provide electricity during summer peak hours versus non‑peak hours. Unl now, SMUD was able to blend those rat demand and pricing increase, it has become more diﬃcult to fairly blend those rates. The new rate structure beer balances what it costs to prov who conserve.

The new rate structure puts pricing into customers’ hands. By shiing or reducing energy usage, customers can actually save on their bills and he clean electricity, at some of the lowest rates around.

SMUD is working with the community to ensure a smooth transion and is reminding customers to conserve energy during summer weekdays f save.

SMUD expects that about half of its customers will save on this new rate structure, and the other half may see a minimal increase if they don’t re revenue neutral.

SMUD has made this rate available to customers for years and has had great results in terms of customer sasfacon.

For those customers who may have trouble shiing their energy usage, SMUD is offering an alternave fixed rate that offers a more consistent b over all hours of the day.

The me‑of‑day rate transion will begin in October and is expected to be complete by May 2019. Thirty days prior to the switch, customers wi a rate comparison report, along with a welcome packet and follow‑up communicaons to ensure that customers can make changes that best ﬁt t

COWLITZ PUD UNVEILS SQUIRREL BRIDGE

The city of Longview, Wash., is home to the Annual Squirrel Fest. The event stems from Longview’ for these furry rodents in 1963 when a prominent businessman, red of watching squirrels tempt d Nuy Narrows squirrel bridge. Today, Longview is home to seven squirrel bridges and this year, Co eighth PUD Squirrel Power bridge.

On August 18, Cowlitz PUD unveiled a technologically advanced bridge designed with the safety o related outages). Sensors built into the deck detect squirrels crossing the bridge, lighng up the Sq mulcolor display to create a fun reminder of our ongoing commitment to helping those who cann squirrels). An interacve display will keep track of the number of squirrels who cross. The squirrel b to verbal commands. The bridge will be able to display responses to a variety of quesons and com Some fun responses will include diﬀerent displays for various holidays, and other displays focused (L‑R) Squirrel Girl Sandy McNu, Cowlitz PUD’s of kids of all ages. A set of solar panels keep baeries charged that allow an Arduino microcontroll Teedara Garn, Engineer Jeﬀ Bauman, and the LED displays, light strings, and provide voice recognion for the PUD Squirrel Power bridge. Th Fabricator Jerry Bracket were joined by the spring of 2019. community to unveil their design.

BENTON PUD ANNUAL SENIOR DAY

Senior customers are invited to Benton PUD’s annual Senior Day on Thursday, October 11, at both the Kennewick (Wash.) Benton PUD Auditor PUD Auditorium.

Benton PUD customer service representaves and the Community Acon Connecons will provide informaon and assistance on Benton PUD’ Customers can receive one‑on‑one enrollment help and receive income veriﬁcaon from the Community Acon Connecons.

The low‑income monthly discounts are 10, 15, or 25 percent based on their household total annual income.

The low‑income senior discount qualificaons are based on annual household income and age (62+). The low‑income disabled discount qualifica household income and a qualifying disability of the customer or member of the household. Income verificaon is required for both discounts and Acon Connecons.

There will also be presentaons at the Benton PUD Kennewick Auditorium on Weatherizaon & Home Automaon at 9:30 a.m. and Safety Tips

Senior customers will receive a packet with informaon on electrical safety, energy saving ps, and other items. Coﬀee, juice, and cookies will be

BOAT LAUNCH AT BEEBE BRIDGE PARK TO CLOSE FOR REBUILDING

Aer serving boaters for nearly 30 years, the launch at Beebe Bridge Park will close today, October 1, as construcon on new ramps and installi

The popular launch is showing wear and tear, said Bob Seabeck, project manager. Now’s the me to replace aging concrete and docks before the could cause damage or safety risks. Beebe Bridge Park is on the Columbia River in Douglas County about 34 miles upriver from Wenatchee, Was The boat launch at Chelan PUD’s Chelan Falls Park, just across the Columbia River, will remain ope boaters. Signs are up in the park to alert users to the October 1 closure.

Both ramps at Beebe Bridge Park will be rebuilt and the three new docks and a gangway installed, similar to the rebuilt launches and new docks at Kirby Billingsley Hydro Park and Daroga State Par recently rebuilt Enat Park. Docks will feature a new, ﬁsh‑friendly design.

Beebe Bridge Park will remain open for campers and visitors through October 31. Work on the lau will be ready for use when the park reopens for the 2019 season on March 30.

Aerial photographs shot for the Security KRCI LLC of East Wenatchee will do the work under the $480,000 contract. Department.

OPALCO POLE REPLACEMENT FOR ORCAS ROAD RE‑ALIGNMENT

OPALCO (Eastsound, Wash.) is relocang a line of transmission poles along Orcas Road as part of t project. The new poles will be strung with larger transmission wire which follows current standards load‑carrying capacity. OPALCO’s contractor crews will be in the area through mid‑October. Most (with the power on), but once the crew is ready to connect the new poles to the grid, there will be outages in the vicinity. Stay tuned for planned outage informaon in early October.

Contract crews are brought in for long‑term projects like this one in order to maintain crical ulity construcon eﬀorts.

The County road re‑alignment project work will pick up again in the spring. The project will increas road and ferry route – and it corrects some legacy easements locaons for the county and private Auger digging hole for new pole. about the new road alignment and county project meline, go to: hps://www.sanjuanco.com/278

PCWA BOARD RECEIVES REPORTS FROM NORTH TAHOE BASIN SPECIAL DISTRICTS

For its September 20 board meeng, the Placer County Water Agency (Auburn, Calif.) Board of Directors traveled to Northstar Community Serv slope meeng. NCSD was joined by the North Tahoe Public Ulity District, Squaw Valley Public Service District, the Tahoe City Public Ulity Dis Ulity District to present individual reports to the PCWA Board.

Eric Marn, district engineer for NCSD, told the PCWA Board about the success of district’s WaterSmart metering program. High‑tech meters, s noﬁcaons, saved an esmated 1.2 million gallons of water in 2017, and 520,000 gallons so far in 2018. He also detailed a recent operaonal p rights as a way to reduce well pumping and minimize costs.

The NTPUD was represented by Will Stelter, engineering and operaons manager, who reported that the district’s eﬀorts to reduce water use in 2020, as required by state law. According to Stelter, the NTPUD is on pace to meet its target. Stelter also spoke about projects currently underw

SVPSD General Manager Mike Geary made a presentaon on proposed land development impacng SVPSD’s service area. To improve long‑term currently evaluang opons for a redundant water supply as demand is expected to increase more than twofold at buildout.

Tony Lalios, director of ulies for TCPUD, reported on current water system acquisions within TCPUD’s service area. Sixteen fractured wate homes and businesses in the area, and consolidaon beneﬁts the community by providing a more reliable water supply and reducing costs throu and experse. Lalios also highlighted two projects that recently received grant funding from PCWA: Madden Creek Interconnecon and Timbe Reconstrucon.

Steve Poncelet, TDPUD’s legislave and regulatory aﬀairs director/assistant general manager, wrapped up the presentaons with a discussion ab groundwater sustainability. TDPUD along with NCSD, PCWA, Nevada County, Placer County, and City of Truckee have submied an “Alternave accordance with the 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. Under SGMA, basins that can demonstrate sustainable operaon and yie provide an “Alternave” plan rather than form a new Groundwater Sustainability Agency.

STATE AUDITOR ISSUES A CLEAN REPORT FOR GRAYS HARBOR

A review of the Grays Harbor Public Ulity District’s (Aberdeen, Wash.) accountability and financial statements resulted in no significant findings Washington State Auditor’s office.

At the audit exit conference, the state reported to the ulity that no significant issues were found in the area of accountability following a review procurement, net metering credits, review and tesng of surplus property procedures, open public meeng minutes, fuel mix disclosure, financia sustainability. The audit of the ulity financial statements also resulted in a clean report as the PUD was found to have “no instances of non‑compliance or oth reported.”

“This report makes me very proud of the work put in by our PUD staﬀ,” said Commissioner Dave Timmons, who aended the exit conference. “T ulity to responsibly manage their PUD and this report shows that their faith and trust is jusﬁed.”

SMUD JOINS LEADERS IN PLEDGE TO CUT TRANSPORTATION ENERGY USE IN HALF

SMUD (Sacramento, Calif.) CEO Arlen Orchard has partnered with prominent naonal transportaon commission to launch a campaign to cut U. 50 percent by 2050 (dubbed the 50x50 goal) while also improving mobility.

Amid rapidly evolving transportaon trends like ride‑sharing, electrificaon, autonomous vehicles, and other technologies, the Alliance to Save E U.S. Transportaon Sector Efficiency issued recommendaons calling on policymakers to coordinate a successful energy efficiency transformao

“I applaud the 50x50 Commission’s final report which provides a roadmap to a cleaner, more sustainable transportaon future,” said Orchard. “O reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promong energy efficiency in transportaon will benefit greatly from this naonal effort. This partnersh transformaonal moment in the convergence of energy and transportaon.”

The 50x50 Commission is a diverse coalion of leading vehicle manufacturers, ulies, environmental and consumer groups, unions, technology The group says the U.S. could fall behind foreign competors if federal, state, and local policymakers don’t act to adopt the policy recommenda

Transportaon represents roughly one‑third of U.S. energy consumpon and recently displaced electricity generaon as the leading source of U. California, it’s the single highest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the state. It’s also the second biggest daily expense for American families services is set to rise signiﬁcantly in the future, potenally increasing congeson on roads, and pung more stress on the already overburdened But these challenges can be overcome. The 50x50 Commission united to develop a policy agenda that seizes the opportunies of new transport models to transform mobility for passengers and goods while using energy more eﬃciently.

SMUD shared its 28 years of electric vehicle experience with the commission in key areas of light‑duty electric vehicles and enabling infrastructu SMUD shared and gathered knowledge on integrated shared mobility and autonomous vehicles to help Sacramento become a center for autono economic development.

MASON PUD 3 IN LINE TO RECEIVE STATE FUNDING FOR PUBLIC‑PRIVATE BROADBAND PA

Six Mason County communies with sub‑par access to high‑speed internet will see a major upgrade thanks to a ﬁnancial boost from the Washin Revitalizaon Board.

CERB approved an applicaon from Mason PUD 3 (Shelton, Wash.) to bolster funding for Fiberhood programs for Chapman Road on Harsne Is Island View in Grapeview, Lake Chrisne on the Tahuya Peninsula, Satsop Maple Glen, the Schafer Park area, and Tahuya River Valley. Over 500 these speciﬁc Fiberhood communies.

“This is a historic moment for public ulity districts in Washington state,” said Jusn Holzgrove, PUD 3 telecommunicaons and community rela the CERB board recognizes the role that PUDs can play in extending broadband services to rural residents and businesses. The board seized this and low‑interest loan proposal to our PUD. We’ll be working closely on this project with our internet service provider partners who use our who resell broadband services to end users.”

The approved funding package from CERB proposes a $408,325 low‑interest loan and a $408,324 grant. The local match is $150,000. Cost reco through a monthly “construcon adder fee” paid back over 12 years by those who receive service in these areas. As a public ulity, it is the PUD create a proﬁt.

Mason PUD 3’s wholesale ﬁber‑opc network is a nondiscriminatory, open‑access, net‑neutral service. PUD 3’s partners, internet service provid HDTV, special digital circuits, and phone services. The network provides for improved educaonal opportunies, tele‑health services, economic property values.

“Rural broadband infrastructure investments are a fundamental piece of community growth," said CERB Chair Randy Hayden. "The New Rural Br in strengthening the economy of these counes by opening up new opportunies for cizens, businesses, educaon, health care, and the local g

“Virtually every job and economic opportunity today require access to broadband services,” said Brian Bonlender, director of the Washington Sta “Where someone lives should not be a determining factor in pursuing educaonal goals, entrepreneurial dreams, or quality health care. These fu meet the needs and strength rural and tribal communies throughout our state."

Projects for Jeﬀerson PUD, the city of Goldendale, the Port of Skagit County, the town of Darrington, and the Port of Whitman County will also through Washington’s new rural broadband program.

The release of CERB funds is conngent upon each applicant compleng speciﬁc pre‑contract requirements, such as ﬁnalizing other funding sou permits. MASON PUD 1 BOARD PASSES RESOLUTION OPPOSING I‑1631

At their September 25 regular board meeng, the commission of Mason County PUD No. 1 (Potlatch, Wash.) unanimously passed a resoluon o Carbon Emissions Fee Measure.

Discussion centered around the ambiguity of the rule‑making process and concern that, as with other iniaves, that process could drascally al iniave. Onerous regulaon and compliance requirements were also discussed.

“There is a mechanism for receiving a return on up to 100 percent of the fees that the ulity would have to pay which involves developing a stat annual reporng,” said Krisn Masteller, general manager. “However, it is likely that the creaon of that plan and the annual reporng would be c ulity. We simply don’t have the manpower to dedicate to managing a program like that to recoup our esmated $2,500 to $4,000 in fees each y

Board President Jack Janda took a separate issue with the way the iniave was wrien. “This iniave erodes our local control in our communi rate‑making abilies. There is a public oversight board that is supposed to ensure this program is administered and staying on track to meet the t representaon anywhere on the board. That’s a problem.”

Commissioner Ron Gold also had concerns about the pancaking of rates on customers who already are using energy that is over 98‑percent clea issue of homelessness in our state where many families are living paycheck to paycheck. If we connue to layer on new taxes and fees on power people right out of their homes. I can’t support that.”

“I think based on previous discussions we’ve had regarding carbon emissions both here and at the table with our other PUDs, we all agree that c addressed. This iniave is beer than the last one that came through, but it sll has too many exempons for exisng polluters, has too many u change where ulies like us buy our power from, which is Bonneville Power Administraon,” said Masteller. “My hope is that eventually the cle will come together with our PUD associaon and we can work together on legislaon or an iniave that will be impacul in carbon reducon a

Mason PUD 1 joins Benton and Franklin PUDs in opposing I‑1631.

ALAMEDA MUNICIPAL POWER TO JOIN FLEET WEEK SAFETY DEMONSTRATION

Alameda Municipal Power (Calif.) will play a role in educang the public on its potenal roles in emergencies in an exercise led by the U.S. Mari Francisco Fleet Week. An agency under the U.S. Department of Transportaon, MARAD focuses on waterborne transportaon maers involving shipping.

AMP will parcipate in MARAD’s emergency response demo and Fleet Week open house at Pier 50 in San Francisco from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on S

MARAD’s ship, the MV Cape Horn, will be docked at the pier and open to the public. Under MARAD’s direcon, AMP emergency response pers ulity trucks, which AMP would likely use in a large‑scale emergency.

“AMP welcomes the opportunity to partner with MARAD at this Fleet Week safety demonstraon,” General Manager Nicolas Procos said. “By pa occurs right before Public Power Week, we can inform the public about the role of community‑owned ulies in emergencies.”

The exercise will showcase how mulple government agencies coordinate to respond to emergencies and assist the public. Aendees will learn h heavy‑duty emergency vehicles to locaons impacted by natural disasters. MARAD, which has a ﬂeet of ships berthed at Alameda Point, is one o customers. eBullen ASSOCIATE MEMBER ANNOUNCEMENTS eBullen ()  Associate Member Announcements

CFC ELECTS HEA’S JANORSCHKE TO BOARD

At the September 26 CFC District 9 Meeng in Anchorage, Alaska, delegates elected newcomer Bradley Janorschke to Board of Directors. Janorschke serves as general manager with Homer Electric Associaon Inc and Alaska Electric & E Homer, Alaska. He will be oﬃcially seated following the 50th CFC Annual Meeng on March 11, 2019.

Created and owned by America’s electric cooperave network, CFC—a nonprofit finance cooperave with more than unparalleled industry experse, flexibility, and responsiveness to serve the needs of nearly 1,000 member‑owners acr informaon, visit www.nrucfc.coop.

NWPP CORPORATION ELECTS BILL DRUMMOND AS CHAIRMAN

On September 27, the Northwest PowerPool Corporaon announced its board of directors has elected Bill Drummond as board chairman of the electric grid operaons for the Northwestern United States and Western Canada. The NWPP Corporaon supports the volunteer membership o which includes major ulies, generators, and energy managers who together work for increased grid eﬃciency and reliability.

"Bill brings a wealth of regional and execuve experience to lead the board of NWPP Corporaon. He has a long history in the Northwest and w PowerPool Board members working alongside him, the Corporaon will connue to deliver valued services to its customers," said Hardev Juj, the

“I am honored by the board’s conﬁdence and look forward to working with the president, Frank Afranji, the staﬀ, and the PowerPool parcipants leadership and service, parcularly during the selecon process for our new president. The PowerPool’s future is exceponally bright and I am ex member parcipants to bring them addional value.”

The NWPP Corporaon is based in Portland, Ore. Having evolved from its informal origins of three engineers on loan from member ulies in 1941 to the Corporaon strives to help its customer organizaons achieve maximum benefits of coordinated operaons. The staffing and governance funcons suppo Northwest Power Pool Agreement were folded into a nonprofit corporaon in 1999. For more informaon, visit www.nwpp.org .

OSI APPOINTS AL ELIASEN AS CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER

Open Systems Internaonal, Inc. is pleased to announce that Al Eliasen, the company’s vice president of Project Delivery & Operaons has been operang oﬃcer. As a senior member of OSI’s execuve leadership team, Eliasen will now have the increased responsibility of overseeing and gu domesc and internaonal operaons.

Eliasen is an automaon industry professional with more than 25 years of experience in corporate operaons and engineering management. At O delivery operaons to date. He’s known for his excellence in managing complex projects, building high‑performance teams, and developing leade customer sasfacon.

“In light of our connued growth it is evident we will need cross‑funconal leadership and stewardship across the enre company to deﬁne, driv goals,” said OSI CEO Bahman Hoveida. “Al has repeatedly proven himself a talented, driven, and capable leader well suited for this role. A champ excel in this posion and connue guiding OSI and our customers to success.”

Eliasen has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Iowa State, an M.S. in mechanical engineering from Massachuses Instute of Technology, and Sloan School of Management at MIT.

Open Systems Internaonal (www.osii.com )—headquartered in Minneapolis, Minn.— provides open, state‑of‑the‑art, and high‑performance automaon addional informaon regarding this news release, please contact [email protected] (mailto:[email protected].).

AMERICA’S FIRST SMR MAKES PIVOTAL ADVANCEMENT WITH SELECTION OF MANUFACT NuScale Power has selected Virginia‑based BWX Technologies, Inc. to start the engineering work to manufacture NuScale’s small modular reacto 18‑month selecon process, with expressed interest from 83 companies based in 10 countries, to determine the best company to refine NuScale assembly, and transportability – the first phase in bringing NuScale’s pioneering design to life. NuScale’s technology is the world’s first and only S Cerficaon review by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and is the country’s frontrunner to compete in the global SMR race, a market es Agency to be more than $100 billion by 2035.

“BWXT’s established industry experience was important for us, and so was choosing an American company,” said NuScale Power President and C Hopkins. “Our technology will bring immense economic prosperity for people here at home, while improving the quality of life for those all acros carbon‑free electricity.”

BWXT will immediately start work on this ﬁrst manufacturing phase of NuScale’s SMR, which they expect will connue through June 2020. NuS remaining two phases (preparaon for fabricaon then fabricaon) at a later date. BWXT is a leading supplier of nuclear components and fuel to commercial nuclear power industry. It expects to use Pennsylvania‑based Precision Custom Components as a component manufacturing contrac

“Innovaon is a core value at BWXT, and that’s why we are incredibly proud to be selected as a manufacturer for NuScale’s revoluonary techno Chief Execuve Oﬃcer Rex Geveden. “NuScale’s unique SMR design can be factory‑made and oﬀers scalable power based on need. We are exci make their groundbreaking design a reality.”

NuScale is compeng with other countries, including Russia and China, in the global commercializaon of SMRs. According to the U.S. Departme of exports by U.S. companies represents at least 5,000 jobs. The sale of NuScale SMRs would have a signiﬁcant impact to both the American eco market.

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is scheduled to approve NuScale’s Design Cerficaon applicaon in September 2020. NuScale’s first c Municipal Power Systems, is on track to deploy the country’s first SMR plant in the mid‑2020s.

NuScale Power is developing a new modular light water reactor nuclear power plant to supply energy for electrical generaon, district heang, desalina Visit www.nuscalepower.com for more informaon.

ABB LAUNCHES OPTIMIZED TWO‑POLE 1500V DC SWITCH FOR UL AND IEC SOLAR INDUS

ABB is launching the solar industry’s first fully opmized two‑pole DC (OTDC) switch‑disconnector for 1500V ulity‑scale photovoltaic power p 250‑600A UL current range. The new design offers both a size reducon and an increase in efficiency and performance to help manufacturers o and energy storage systems adapt to the industry’s rapid adopon of 1500V DC soluons.

The two‑pole 1500V DC concept helps manufacturers improve system eﬃciency, reducing switch losses by up to 35 percent. Measuring just 15 across the current range, the OTDC range of 1500V DC switches is also up to 30 percent smaller than convenonal soluons. The compact size possible for manufacturers to reduce the size of combiner boxes and inverters.

Allen Ausn, market development manager for Renewables, Electriﬁcaon Products division, said, “The new OTDC 1500V DC switch‑disconnec producing innovave, further‑improved soluons that drive the market and help manufacturers make solar power more compeve and eﬃcien years of research and experience of making and breaking DC current and voltage. We expect it to quickly become the preferred soluon.”

The shi from 1000V to 1500V systems is helping reduce the cost of ulity‑scale photovoltaic systems. Higher‑voltage systems enable longer st combiner boxes and less wiring, making installaons less labor intensive and reducing the cost per wa of installed power. By 2019, virtually all expected to be 1500V DC.

ABB’s unique design makes it possible to operate up to two 1500V DC strings with just one switch. In addion to the standard connecons, the makes it possible for ABB to fulﬁl the non‑standard requests that come from the quickly changing solar market.

The OTDC range is a family of robust switch‑disconnectors, designed for photovoltaic and baery energy storage systems (BESS) applicaons. T the UL, IEC, and CCC standards to withstand the extreme outdoor condions and sudden temperature changes that are usual in a solar farm.

ABB provides the most comprehensive porolio of products, systems, and soluons along the solar PV value chain that enable the generaon, t solar power for both on‑grid and oﬀ‑grid applicaons. New OTDC will be the next product to provide even further improvement in ABB’s solar o

Deliveries in the United States are expected to start in late November 2018.

ABB is a pioneering technology leader in electriﬁcaon products, robocs and moon, industrial automaon and power grids, serving customers in ulie infrastructure globally. For more informaon, visit www.abb.com .

ABB LAUNCHES MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKERS FOR HIGHER‑VOLTAGE SOLAR POWER

ABB is adding an advanced, new molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) for higher‑voltage solar power plants to its Tmax to protect combiners, switchgear, and inverters up to 1500V DC, is the latest addion to ABB’s complete range of pro solar plants. The shi to higher voltages is helping reduce the cost of ulity‑scale photovoltaic systems. Higher‑voltage systems make installaons more ener components and less wiring, and are less labor intensive to build. Most new solar plants have voltages of 1500V on th towards 800V on the AC side.

Niko Railo, global product group manager for ABB’s Breakers & Enclosures business, said, “ABB advances are making u more reliable, eﬃcient, and cost eﬀecve. Upgrading solar plants can be complex because they are constructed from a from a long list of suppliers. ABB’s solar experse and its broad range of power technologies makes the process simple

For 1500V DC installaons with rated current up to 1200A UL and 1600A IEC, ABB’s produ and switch‑disconnectors. The SACE Tmax PV range makes installaon faster and reduces w solar plants, helping ulies and engineers save me. The SACE Tmax PV oﬀers design engi manufacturers a single–brand soluon for photovoltaic systems installed anywhere in the w electrical and mechanical accessories developed for the SACE Tmax T MCCB range.

For systems using string inverters, the SACE Tmax PV range now oﬀers circuit breakers for u to be type approved to UL 489 speciﬁcaons and compliant with IEC 60947‑2 Standard. AB break short circuit currents up to 32kA.

“We believe 800V AC will be a signiﬁcant trend in large‑scale solar plants,” said Marco Carmina, global product specialist for ABB’s low‑voltage partners indicates that it will be central to many developments in this ﬁeld. We are now planning further innovaons to support the shi to 800V everything they need to opmize their power producon.”

EVLUMA AREAMAX EVOLVES

The evoluon connues as LED lighng manufacturer Evluma announces an updated release o light product family. Ulizing premium performance LEDs from leading vendors, the updated A competors in eﬃcacy, achieving up to 160 lm/W, and over a 40‑percent increase in light outp to the 40W, 55W, and 70W opons, Evluma breaks out with an 80W and 100W opon on the replacement and a 30W opon on the low end. All waages are oﬀered in Type III or Type V lig range of correlated color temperatures (CCT): 2700K to 5000K.

While the updated product line offers efficacy improvements and a more uniform light distribu disncve so, diffuse light. Evluma’s proven 20kV/10kA surge protecon is sll offered stand company has chosen to maintain the classic lightweight housing. Photocontrol Failsafe, the maintenance‑saving technology that eliminates the n photocontrols, is built‑in to every model. The AreaMax is backed by a 10‑year warranty; the same comprehensive warranty Evluma has offered s

“With the signiﬁcant increase in lumen output, current customers can maintain their exisng lighng program, but can choose to transion to low Sales and Markeng David Tanonis.

Evluma recommends that current 40W customers purchase the 30W product, and current 70W customers purchase the new 55W model for co less was. Evluma connues to oﬀer a Dark‑Sky Friendly model for those concerned with light polluon and trespass. The light shield accessory

The updated, 2018 AreaMax line will funcon with Evluma’s ConnectLED app, however, current license holders may need to update their copy o

Evluma is commied to developing environmentally low impact LED lighng soluons that are aﬀordable and long lasng. For more informaon, visit ww eBullen CALENDAR OF EVENTS eBullen ()  Calendar of Events

2018 UPCOMING INDUSTRY MEETINGS

Send your 2018 meeng dates and locaons to Debbie at [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]).

October 2018

4 ‑ PPC Meeng, Sheraton Portland Airport, Portland, OR, 8 a.m. to noon

10‑11 ‑ GridFWD 2018, Pinnacle Harbourfront Hotel, Vancouver, BC. Visit: www.GridFWD.com .

11‑12 ‑ OMEU Meeng, Salishan Lodge, Gleneden Beach, OR

November 2018

2 ‑ PNUCC, Sheraton Portland Airport, Portland, OR.

December 2018

13 ‑ PPC Annual Meeng & Lunch, Sheraton Portland Airport, Portland, OR ‑ 8:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m.

13 ‑ OMEU Meeng (following PPC annual meeng), Sheraton Portland Airport, Portland, OR eBullen RFPS/RFQS eBullen ()  RFPs/RFQs

PHYSICAL SECURITY ACCESS CONTROL PLATFORM REPLACEMENT September 17, 2018 Sealed bids will be received by Public Ulity District No. 1 of Chelan County, Washington, at the oﬃce of the District, Aenon: Alexandria Burkard, Procurement …

ON‑LINE MANAGED CLOTHING PROGRAM September 13, 2018 Public Ulity District No. 1 of Benton County, is accepng proposals to provide an On‑Line Managed Clothing Program for employees Flame Resistant Clothing in compliance … eBullen RECENT INDUSTRY JOBS eBullen ()  Recent Industry Jobs

Recent Jobs

Manager I, Area Line Manager (R18‑591) S P

Electrical Maintenance Technician L P F

Electric Ulity Operaonal Technology Engineer R F

Journeyman Lineman E O F

System Engineer B O F

Manager of Purchasing B O F

Power and Energy Services Analyst A F

Real Estate Services Agent IV E S

Data Management Specialist I/II R C F

Journeyman Lineman A F

Staking Engineer P J

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 eBullen THIS DAY IN HISTORY eBullen ()  This Day In History

YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK ESTABLISHED

October 1, 1890

On this day in 1890, an act of Congress creates Yosemite Naonal Park, home of such natural won sequoia trees. Environmental trailblazer John Muir (1838‑1914) and his colleagues campaigned for was signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison and paved the way for generaons of hikers, c with countless “Don’t Feed the Bears” signs.

Nave Americans were the main residents of the Yosemite Valley, located in California’s Sierra Nev 1849 gold rush brought thousands of non‑Indian miners and selers to the region. Tourists and da ecosystem followed. In 1864, to ward oﬀ further commercial exploitaon, conservaonists convin declare Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove of giant sequoias a public trust of California. This Skiing in Yosemite Naonal Park with a cat. government protected land for public enjoyment and it laid the foundaon for the establishment o This photo was taken in the 1890s. systems. Yellowstone became America’s ﬁrst naonal park in 1872.

In 1889, John Muir discovered that the vast meadows surrounding Yosemite Valley, which lacked g being overrun and destroyed by domesc sheep grazing. Muir and Robert Underwood Johnson, a fellow environmentalist and inﬂuenal magazi park status for the large wilderness area around Yosemite Valley. On October 1 of the following year, Congress set aside over 1,500 square miles Island) for what would become Yosemite Naonal Park, America’s third naonal park. In 1906, the state‑controlled Yosemite Valley and Mariposa jurisdicon with the rest of the park.

Yosemite’s natural beauty is immortalized in the black‑and‑white landscape photographs of Ansel Adams (1902‑1984), who at one point lived in photographing it. Today, over 3 million people get back to nature annually at Yosemite and check out such stunning landmarks as the 2,425‑foot world’s tallest waterfalls; rock formaons Half Dome and El Capitan, the largest granite monolith in the U.S.; and the three groves of giant sequo

FORD MOTOR COMPANY UNVEILS THE MODEL T

October 1, 1908

On October 1, 1908, the ﬁrst producon Model T Ford is completed at the company’s Piquee A 1908 and 1927, Ford would build some 15 million Model T cars. It was the longest producon ru history unl the Volkswagen Beetle surpassed it in 1972.

Before the Model T, cars were a luxury item: At the beginning of 1908, there were fewer than 20 Model T was fairly expensive at first (the cheapest one inially cost $825, or about $18,000 in to ordinary people to drive every day. It had a 22‑horsepower, four‑cylinder engine and was made steel, pioneered by French race car makers, that made it lighter (it weighed just 1,200 pounds) an had been. It could go as fast as 40 miles per hour and could run on gasoline or hemp‑based fuel. early 20th century, making gasoline more affordable, Ford phased out the hemp opon.) “No ca crowed, “and no car over $2,000 offers more except the trimmings.”

Ford kept prices low by scking to a single product. By building just one model, for example, the company’s engineers could develop a system of reduced waste, saved me and made it easy for unskilled workers to assemble the cars. By 1914, the moving assembly line made it possible to p week and by 1924, workers at the River Rouge Ford plant in Dearborn, Michigan could cast more than 10,000 Model T cylinder blocks in a day.

But by the 1920s, many Americans wanted more than just a sturdy, aﬀordable car. They wanted style (for many years, the Model T famously cam and luxury too. As tastes changed, the era of the Model T came to an end and the last one rolled oﬀ the assembly line on May 26, 1927.

JIMMY CARTER IS BORN

October 1, 1924 On this day in 1924, future President James Earl Carter is born in Plains, Georgia. Carter, who preferred to a peanut farmer and was the ﬁrst president to be born in a hospital. Carter was raised a devoted Southern Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1946. He married Rosalynn Smith later that year.

Aer graduaon, Carter served in the Navy’s new nuclear submarine program and was looking forward to father passed away in 1953. The Carters dufully returned to Georgia and took over the family farm. Back involved in local polics, serving ﬁrst on the school board and working his way up to a seat on the George 1962, he was elected to the George Senate and, nine years later, he became governor.

A liberal Democrat, Carter launched a campaign against Republican presidenal incumbent Gerald Ford in 1974, when the American electorate w War, which ended in 1973, and former President Richard Nixon’s involvement in the Watergate scandal. Ford, who assumed oﬃce immediately u pardoned his former boss, enraging many who thought Nixon should have had to stand trial. Carter’s “Washington outsider” persona helped him

Carter’s tenure as president was most notable for his alternave‑energy policies, racial‑equality programs and friendly overtures toward Russia. H a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt and signed an arms‑reducon treaty with the Soviet Union (SALT II). These triumphs, however, were ove lead the naon out of a crippling energy crunch caused by the OPEC oil embargo of 1973.

On top of his administraon’s failure to eﬀecvely combat the energy crisis, which in turn contributed to rapidly rising inﬂaon, Carter’s adminis another crisis. In 1979, an Islamist student group in Iran stormed the U.S. embassy in Teheran, holding 70 Americans hostage for 444 days. Carte the hostages, the ongoing recession and a growing movement toward conservasm in America contributed to Carter’s loss to Ronald Reagan in t

The Carters have since stayed acve in naonal and internaonal affairs. In 1982, they founded the Carter Center in Atlanta to advocate for hum “unnecessary human suffering” around the world. Since 1984, the Carters have given their me each year to build homes and raise awareness of internaonal charitable organizaon Habitat for Humanity. In 2002, Carter won the presgious Nobel Prize for his efforts to find peaceful soluo advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development.

Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter live in Plains, Georgia, where the former president can sll somemes be found teaching a Sunday School class at M

JOHNNY CARSON MAKES DEBUT AS THE TONIGHT SHOW HOST

October 1, 1962

On this day in 1962, Johnny Carson takes over from Jack Paar as host of the late‑night talk program The Tonig host The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson for three decades, becoming one of the biggest ﬁgures in enterta

John William Carson was born on October 23, 1925, in Corning, Iowa. He grew up in Norfolk, Nebraska, serve 1940s and aended the University of Nebraska. By the early 1950s, he was living in California and working in of television. He later moved to New York City and in 1957 became the host of the popular game show Who appeared on The Tonight Show as a substute for host Jack Paar. The Tonight Show had originated in 1951 in Lo hosted by Steve Allen. In 1954, the program moved to TV and in 1956, Jack Parr replaced Allen as the host. Carson took over permanent hosng 1962. He hosted the show from New York City unl 1972, when it relocated to Burbank, California.

Each edion of The Tonight Show began with Carson’s sidekick Ed McMahon announcing “Heeere’s Johnny!” Carson, who became known for his and dapper appearance, performed an opening monologue of jokes, punctuated by his trademark golf swing. Following the monologue, he would show’s bandleader Doc Severinsen and somemes perform skits and play characters such as Carnac the Magniﬁcent, an “all‑knowing seer,” and t then conducted celebrity interviews. The Tonight Show featured sit‑downs with the day’s biggest movie and TV stars, as well as athletes, policia acts. On December 17, 1969, The Tonight Show drew its largest audience when some 58 million people tuned in for the on‑air wedding of the dim teenage fan known as Miss Vicki.

As for Carson’s inﬂuence on the TV industry as a whole, according to his obituary in the New York Times: “Throughout his career, Mr. Carson wa of the bedrock ways television operated. His move to Burbank meant a realignment of American pop culture from East Coast to West Coast, fro once the ‘Tonight’ show ceased to be televised live from 11:30 p.m. to 1 a.m. and began being taped in the early evening, it lost some of the spo live performance brings (and also, eventually, a half‑hour of its running me). The pracce of taping is now the norm, and virtually all live enterta television has become a thing of the past.”

Aer three decades with the hugely successful Tonight Show, Carson decided to rere. He hosted his ﬁnal show on May 22, 1992. Comedian Jay the following day. Carson, who was married four mes, stayed largely out of the public spotlight aer rering. On January 23, 2005, the late‑nig 79 of complicaons from emphysema.