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UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Burning images Performing effigies as political protest Göttke, F.U. Publication date 2019 Document Version Other version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Göttke, F. U. (2019). Burning images: Performing effigies as political protest. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:09 Oct 2021 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Structure of the Research Collection The table shows the number of effigy protests in the collection in each country divided into four time periods. For the most recent time period (2001–2018) index A was calculated to compare the frequency of effigy protests between countries. Index A was simplified (index B) and converted into a color-code for a map (Appendix 2) that shows the global spread and frequency of effigy protests for the years 2001–2018. Continental Region Country before 1920 1920 -- 1970 1971 -- 2000 2001 -- 2018 Total population in million ** (frequency A Index of effigy protests 2001 -- 2018) *** Index B (simplified from Index A)**** North Africa Algeria 1 4 5 40 0 0 North Africa Egypt 1 9 2 69 81 94 7.08 4 North Africa Libya 5 25 30 6 10.2 4 North Africa Tunisia 1 1 2 11 0.3 1 North Africa Morocco * 0 0 0 Africa Chad 1 1 13.7 0.28 1 Africa Ethiopia 2 1 0 3 102 0 0 Africa Kenya 5 5 49 0.71 1 Africa Nigeria 3 3 186 0.22 1 Africa South Africa 3 5 1 1 10 55 0.13 1 Africa Sudan 1 1 3 5 39.6 0.48 1 Africa Uganda 2 2 41.5 0.31 1 Africa Zambia 1 1 16.6 0.25 1 Africa Zimbabwe 1 1 16.2 0.25 1 Africa other African 0 0 countries * North Canada 15 10 15 10 50 35 1.69 2 America 307 Continental Region Country before 1920 1920 -- 1970 1971 -- 2000 2001 -- 2018 Total population in million ** (frequency A Index of effigy protests 2001 -- 2018) *** Index B (simplified from Index A)**** North United States 215 208 128 161 712 325 8.94 4 America North Mexico 8 2 26 36 123 2.34 2 America Central Belize 1 1 0.39 0.62 1 America and the Caribbeans Central El Salvador 1 2 1 4 6.3 0.39 1 America and the Caribbeans Central Guatemala 1 1 0 2 17 0 America and the Caribbeans Central Honduras 1 1 2 4 9.1 0.66 1 America and the Caribbeans Central Nicaragua 1 2 0 3 0 America and the Caribbeans Central Panama 2 4 5 11 4 2.5 2 America and the Caribbeans Central Cuba 1 6 4 0 11 0 America and the Caribbeans Central Haiti 4 4 10.8 1.22 2 America and the Caribbeans Central Costa Rica, Puerto 0 0 America Rico * and the Caribbeans South Argentina 5 1 4 10 43 0.61 1 America South Bolivia 1 5 6 11 1.51 2 America South Brazil 3 1 10 14 209 0.69 1 America South Chile 2 4 6 17.5 0.95 1 America South Colombia 1 1 3 5 49 0.71 1 America 308 Continental Region Country before 1920 1920 -- 1970 1971 -- 2000 2001 -- 2018 Total population in million ** (frequency A Index of effigy protests 2001 -- 2018) *** Index B (simplified from Index A)**** South Ecuador 1 7 8 16 1.75 2 America South Guayana 2 2 0.28 3.77 3 America South Peru 1 3 4 32 0.53 1 America South Venezuela 1 9 10 31 1.61 2 America South Paraguay, 0 0 America Suriname, Uruguay * East Asia North Korea 1 3 4 25 0.6 1 East Asia South Korea 2 14 23 39 51 3.22 3 East Asia China 10 3 0 13 1403 0 East Asia Hong Kong 1 3 4 7.4 1.1 2 East Asia Taiwan 1 2 3 23.5 0.41 1 East Asia Japan 7 2 3 12 127 0.27 1 East Asia Mongolia, Macau * 0 0 South East Indonesia 7 3 17 27 261 1.05 2 Asia South East Cambodia 2 4 6 16 1 1 Asia South East Vietnam 7 2 0 9 94 0 0 Asia South East Thailand 3 11 14 69 1.32 2 Asia South East Philippines 10 30 50 90 100 5 3 Asia South East Malaysia 4 3 4 11 32 0.71 1 Asia South East Singapore 1 1 5.6 0.42 1 Asia South East Myanmar, Laos * 1 2 0 0 3 0 Asia South Asia Afghanistan 10 76 86 34 13 5 South Asia Bangladesh 12 37 49 149 3.03 3 South Asia India 24 49 312 385 1210 8.96 4 South Asia Pakistan 9 29 303 341 212 20.8 5 South Asia Sri Lanka 1 17 18 22 3.62 3 South Asia Nepal 2 22 24 28 4.16 3 South Asia Tibet, Bhutan, 0 0 Maldives,* Central Asia Kazakhstan 2 2 18 0.47 1 Central Asia Kyrgyzstan 1 1 6 0.41 1 Mongolia 1 1 3 0.57 1 309 Continental Region Country before 1920 1920 -- 1970 1971 -- 2000 2001 -- 2018 Total population in million ** (frequency A Index of effigy protests 2001 -- 2018) *** Index B (simplified from Index A)**** Central Asia Tajikistan,* 0 0 Turkmenistan,* Uzbekistan* West Asia Bahrain 3 3 1.4 2.5 2 West Asia Iran 2 55 46 103 81 5.11 3 West Asia Iraq 1 7 37 45 37 6.08 3 West Asia Syria 1 10 11 17 2.43 2 West Asia Lebanon 1 24 15 40 6 6.12 3 West Asia Palestine 2 29 44 75 4.8 20.04 5 West Asia Israel 5 8 6 19 8.8 2.02 2 West Asia Jordan 1 1 2 4 9.5 0.64 1 West Asia Saudi Arabia 2 0 2 33 0 0 West Asia Yemen 1 9 10 27 1.73 2 West Asia Oman, UAE, Qatar, 0 0 0 Kuwait * Europe United Kingdom 62 29 19 40 150 65 4.96 3 Europe Ireland 7 1 8 6 22 6.5 2.35 2 Europe Scandinavia 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 Europe Baltic Countries 1 2 0 3 0 0 Europe Russia, Belarus* 8 4 10 22 144 0.83 1 Europe Georgia, 4 9 13 GE: 3,7, 2.44 2 Azerbaijan, AZ: 9,9 Armenia * Europe Ukraine 2 19 21 42 2.93 2 Europe Poland 1 3 6 10 38 0.97 1 Europe Bosnia 1 0 1 3.9 0 Europe Bulgaria 2 2 7.1 0.75 1 Europe Czech Republic 2 0 3 5 10.6 0.92 1 Europe Hungary 1 1 3 5 9.8 0.95 1 Europe Romania 2 1 3 19.6 0.23 1 Europe Serbia 2 0 2 0 Europe Kroatia, Kosovo, 0 0 Slovenia, Slovakia Moldavia* Europe Greece 2 1 4 7 11 1.2 2 Europe Turkey 2 2 17 21 81 1.89 2 Europe Italy 4 9 3 3 19 60 0.52 1 Europe Germany 5 26 11 4 44 83 0.44 1 Europe Austria 1 1 2 0 4 8.8 0 Europe Switzerland 1 3 0 4 8.4 0 Europe The Netherlands, 3 3 5 4 15 17 0.97 1 Belgium + 6 8 2 5 21 B: 11, 1.46 2 Luxembourg LU: 0,6 Europe France 24 18 13 10 65 67 1.09 2 Europe Spain 5 2 2 5 14 47 0.73 1 310 Continental Region Country before 1920 1920 -- 1970 1971 -- 2000 2001 -- 2018 Total population in million ** (frequency A Index of effigy protests 2001 -- 2018) *** Index B (simplified from Index A)**** Portugal 1 1 10 0.32 1 Australia Australia 8 3 1 8 20 23 1.66 2 New Zealand 4 1 0 1 6 4.2 0.4 1 Total 370 493 554 1594 3009 * Countries that have no record in the collection are crossed out. ** Source: Using the most recent year of census or population estimates according to the data on each country’s entry in Wikipedia. *** To get an idea how common and wide-spread and effigy protests have in different countries in the years 2001 - 2018, an effigy index was calculated. Since it cannot be expected that the number of effigy protests in a country grows directly proportionately with the population size, it was deemed necessary to decouple to some degree the index from the population number. Using the direct ratio of effigy protests per million of population would give small countries with a relatively low number of effigy protests around just one prominent conflict a disproportionately high number compared with large countries, where a large number of effigy protests occurred addressing a large variety of political conflicts.
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