THE WORK of CLSA a BIBLIOGRAPHY־ of Representative

THE WORK OF CLSA

־A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Representative Publications

of the 1 5 t COMMISSION ON LAW AMD SOCIAL ACTION ץ AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS

JUNE, 1957 ־ AUGUST, 19^5

SbO.73 AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS At5 15 East Qbth Street

New York 28, N.Y.

Prepared "by

Commlssioa on law and Social Action

Shad Poller, Chairman

Leo Pfeffer, Director Will Maslow, General Counsel

American Jewish Congress

15 East 84 Street, Hew York 28, N.Y.

Israel Goldstein, President

Justloe Wise Poller, Chairman Max A. Kopstein, Chairman Executive Committee Administrative Comsiittee

Isaac Toubin, Executive Director TABLE OF COMETS

IMTRODUCTION

I. ABOUT CLSA AND ITS PHILOSOPHY . . . . . A. The Establishment of CLSA B. The Role of Law In Social Action C. Accounts of CLSA Work II. CHtJRCH AM) STATE A. Principles of Religious Freedom B. Government Aid to Religion C. Released Time and Religion in the Public Schools D. Sunday Laws Restricting Religious Freedom E. Unemployment Compensation Laws Restricting Religious Freedom F. Zoning Laws Restricting Religious Freedom G. Censorship and Religious Freedom 5• Adoption and Child Custody I. Miscellaneous

III* CIVIL RIGHTS - OVERALL PROBLEMS •13 A. General B. Federal (1) Legislation (2) The Filibuster (3) Administrative Action (4) Miscellaneous C. State D. Municipal

IV. DEFAMATION, GROUP LIBEL AND VIOLENCE 19 A. General B. Newspapers and Radio Stations C. Public Meetings D. Group Libel and Race Hate Legislation E. Vandalism

V. DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT • 23 A. General B. Federal C. State D. Municipal E. Research Projects

vn.. HOUSITO 35 A. General B. Restrictive Covenants C. Government-Assisted Housing D. Mortgage Insured Housing E. Other Problems

PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS 40, ־ .VIII A. Comprehensive Equal Accommodations Laws B. Travel C. Restaurants D. Resorts and Resort Advertising E. Insurance and Bonding F. Other Problems

IK. CIVIL LIBERTIES 43 A. The Federal Security Program B. State and Municipal Security Programs C. Legislative Investigation® D. wiretapping E. Loyalty Oaths F. Teacher Loyalty Programs G. Freedom of Speech, Press and Association

X. IMMIGRATION, NATURALIZATION AND DEPORTATION . . 46 A. Basic Immigration Policy fl) General (2) The National Origins Quota System (3) Exclusion of Former Nazis and Fascists B. Displaced Persons and Refugee Relief C. Natural!zation D. Deportation

(ii) Page

XI. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 51 A. Aftermath of the Second World War B. The Establishment of Israel 0. The Middle last Crisis and the Arab Campaign Against the Jews D. Human Rights and Genocide E. The Brieker Resolution F. Other Problems

Kit. IOTERGROUP COMMISSIONS 54 A. Bills B. Programs

X33X. MISCELLANEOUS . 56

(iii) INTRODUCTION

The Commission on Lav and Social Action (CLSA), a department 1 * of the American Jewish Congress, was established in August of 1945•

The work of the Commission was undertaken after a conscientious and thorough review of the program of the American Jewish Congress itself and of other major national agencies, Jewish and non-Jewish, engaged in combatting anti-Semitism in all of its manifestations. At its inception, the program envisioned for the CLSA represented a radical innovation because of our profound belief that the traditional methods of combatting anti-

Semitism were failing; that attempts to counter anti-Semitic propaganda and discrimination by argument or to create so-called favorite climates of opinion with regard to Jews or tolerance were largely ineffectual. We believed that the time had come for a fresh and more dynamic approach to the problem.

It was our conviction, in the first place, that the problem of racism in America had to be regarded not simply as one of general prejudice which would be eombatted by informational materials designed to transform attitudes.

Rather, every act of discrimination had to be seen as an imperfection of the democratic system, as a violation of the civil rights of Americans• We therefore argued the need for a comprehensive program of legal, legislative

* Prom its formation until the end of 1956 CLSA was under the direction of Will Maslow, now director of the Department of Public Affairs of the American Jewish Congress. Since then it has been under the direction of Leo Pfeffer.

We suggested that the pattern of discrimination itself was proving the most fertile source of prejudice. In too many instances the pattern was sanctioned or condoned by the authority of the law and public policy.

Transforming the practices and habits of our society and changing public policy in many areas in which discrimination operates would therefore do more than eliminate specific discriminatory practices. Such a program, by establishing new norms of conduct as expressed in law, would have a long range effect on public attitudes and prejudice.

We maintained that the campaign against anti-Semitism had to be viewed as part of the much broader struggle against racism in America. Successful prosecution of that struggle demanded that Jews join with all other groups in confronting their common problems. Such cooperation had to be expressed in common practical action.

It was equally clear that social action was vital both for the enactment of the specific measures we should seek and for providing large numbers of people with the opportunity of participating in the solution of the problems with which they were confronted. The work of community relations in this country, particularly among Jewish groups, for too long had been limited to a small group of professional workers.

One further consideration bulked large in the program we formulated — our conviction of the failure of the so-called educational campaigns on tolerance and brotherhood. Where others insisted on making a distinction between ,educational' and 'action' approaches, we had begun to see that the most helpful education on equality, group relations and civil rights is that which emerges from practical action, concentrates on a specific issue, and points to practical methods of correction. When masses of people work to• gether on a specific problem by which they are affected, they begin to develop the habit of cooperation. They understand in a practical way the measures they have to take to regain and safeguard their rights. They are able to communicate their understanding to many groups who ultimately may be affected.

Effective educational campaigns and the creation of psychological receptivity, therefore, do not precede the attempt to mobilize for social action. They emerge as part of the process of mobilization itself. These are among the principles upon which the work of the CLSA was established.

The contribution made by CLSA in the course of twelve years involves not only the creation of new concepts and techniques, new emphasis given to concepts and techniques we shared with others but especially the development of the framework into which they were placed and the philosophy of program into which they were merged. The new and expanded techniques employed by

CIM include the following:

1. The Administrative Approach to Discrimination. Ever since the Civil

War aost northern states have had laws prohibiting some types of racial and religious discrimination. By 19^5, these had largely fallen into disuse.

They operated on the premise that an act of discrimination against a particular Negro or Jew was an injury to him alone and all the law could do was to punish the offender and to direct payment of damages to the particular victim. The concept that the act of discrimination injures the entire community

(vi) or ethnic group demanded a different approach. Accordingly, the CLSA was the first to propose that all forms of racial and religious discrimination he handled by a public commission whose responsibility it would be not merely to redress the particular injury but more important to require the offender to cease discriminating against all members of all ethnic minority groups.

This approach had been suggested as an incident to the original New York

FEPC Act. But CLSA was the first to conceive of the idea that it be employed in all areas of civil rights. Accordingly, CLSA drafted bills which have since been enacted, relating to discrimination in education, in places of public accommodation, in housing and many other areas in which racial and religious discrimination can occur. The Freeman Bill of the State of New Jersey, the first comprehensive civil rights bill enacted by any state, was drafted by CLSA.

2. The Test Case. American law for many years has used the technique of seeking precedent-making judicial decisions through test cases. The CLSA adopted this technique for extensive use by the Jewish community. The Gideon

Bible case in the State of New Jersey, vitally affecting a church-state problem, and the Stuyvesant Town case in New York in the area of discrimination in housing are illustrative of the employment of this technique by CLSA.

3. The Brief Amicus Curiae. This device has been used imaginatively and creatively by CLSA in new areas and for new purposes. The framework of our legal system provides for the judicial determination of legal issues in law suits between private litigants but a court's decision may also affect the entire community. When the dispute between Mrs. Vashti McColluo and the

Board of Education in Champaign, HI., regarding religious education in the

(vii) public schools of that town readied the Uhited States Supreme Court, the

decision of that court would necessarily affect the entire Jewish community

and the welfare of every Jewish child in the public schools. Hence, it was

only proper that the views of the Jewish community should be presented to

the Supreme Court. This was done through the CLSA drafted brief amicus curiae

submitted to the Supreme Court in the name of the Synagogue Council of

America and the National Community Relations Advisory Council.

4. The "private attorney general". The principle underlying the sub- mission of amicus curiae briefs in behalf of the Jewish community has been

expanded by CLSA. in independently instituting legal proceedings in the name

of the American Jewish Congress and on behalf of that part of the Jewish

community represented by it. for example, when the New York Daily News, which at that time had a record of anti-Semitism in its treatment of news and

in its columns, applied to the Federal Communications Commission for an FM

radio license, the American Jewish Congress in its own name as a "public

witness," filed objections to the application and presented testimony at a

formal hearing held by the FCC. Similarly, when a number of insurance

companies in Hew York put upon their employment application blanks questions

seeking to determine the religion and race of the applicants, the American

Jewish Congress in its own name instituted a proceeding with the State Commis-

sion Against Discrimination to obtain a decision declaring the practice illegal.

5. Utilization of all disciplines. Effectuation of the new principles

evolved by CLSA required the employment not merely of narrow legal precedents

but of all the social sciences which could contribute to that end. For example,

in a brief submitted by CLSA to the United States Supreme Court in a case in-

(viii) volving the constitutionality of an Hawaiian statute outlawing all foreign

language schools for children (including Talmud Torahs), the legal argument

was coupled with an array of evidence by psychologists and educators showing

.lingualism was not harmful to the mental development of children־that bi

During the trifijl of the Gideon Bible case, CLSA presented noted educators and

psychologists who testified as expert witnesses on the injurious psychological effect upon Jewish 3hildren of Christological teaching in the public

schools.

Perhaps the most dramatic of many comparable examples is the public

school segregation case which was decided by the United States Supreme Court.

In that case, two major scientific studies conducted by the American Jewish

Congress were cited by the Supreme Court in support of its historic conclusion.

These were the only studies made by a Jewish agency or any other agency engaged

in the field of combatting discrimination which were so cited.

The•employment of these techniques and this conceptual approach to

combatting discrimination was characterized in the following words by the

Yale Law Journal:

"While other organizations, notably the NAACP, have employed affirmative and legislative techniques, CLSA has been the chief proponent of this method in the field of Jewish affairs. And it has been the first civil rights organization to clearly formulate and extensively publicize this positive approach which offers to all civil liberties organizations the most effective program yet suggested for meeting the complex civil rights problems of the future."

These new concepts and these new techniques are reflected in the 560

items listed in the following pages. In a sense this Bibliography, a re-

presentative rather than complete list of CLSA publications, is a short

(ix) history of CLSA and reflects perhaps better than anything else the contribu- tlon made by CLSA toward achievement of the goal of full equality in a free society.

Appreciation is expressed to Mr. Spencer Rich of the CLSA staff for the compilation of this Bibliography.

Shad Poller, Chairman Commission on Law and Social Action

June 30, 1957 I. ABOUT CLSA AND ITS PHILOSOPHY

A. The Establishment of CLSA

The Two Commissions and Their Role in the Congress Movement, by Alexander H. Pekelis and Will Maslow, Aug, 31, 1945. Proposes a philosophy and a program for CLSA. Mimeo., 65 pp.

Resolution formally establishing CLSA, adopted by the AJCongress Executive Committee, Nov. 29, 19^5• Mimeo., 1 pp.

B. The Role of Law in Social Action

Anti-Semitism and the Law, by Will Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Nov. 16, 1945. The law as a weapon against anti-Semitism.

Full Equality in a Free Society -- A Program for Jewish Action, by Alexander H. Pekelis, Feb., 1946• Projected CLSA program. 35ped, 47 pp.

Law, Conscience and Society, by Shad Polier, LAWYERS GUILD REVIEW, March-April, 1946. The law as an educational device.

The Law and Race Relations, by Will Maslow, ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, March, 19*16. Printed, 7 PP.

On Combatting Racism, by David W. Petegorsky, March, 19^3. Outlines CLSA'S philosophy of social action. Printed, 14 pp.

Legislating Against Discrimination, by Will Maslow and Joseph B. Robison, SOCIAL ACTION, Jan. 15, 1949. Discusses the use of the law against discrimination. Printed, 23 pp.

For the Rights of All Men, by Shad Polier, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Nov. 14, 1949. Reasons for AJCongress interest in the civil rights of non-Jews.

Is American Jewry Secure? by Will Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 27, 1950. Problems facing the American Jewish community.

CLSA Manual for Committee Chairmen, 1950. Describes CLSA'S objectives and methods. Printed, 27 pp. Revised, June, 1956; mimeo., 26 pp. Prejudice Discrimination and the Law, by Will Maslow, ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, May, 1951• The law as a weapon against prejudice. Printed, 9 pp.

,Jill Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY׳! Social Change ThroughJLegal Action, by Jan. 10, 1955• The role of law in the straggle against prejudice.

The Uses of Law in the Struggle for Equality, by Will Maslow, SOCIAL RESEARCH, Autumn, 1955. Printed, 15 pp.

The Uses of Law in the Struggle Against Bigotry, by Will Maslow, INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE BULLETIN, Vol. VII, No. 3, 1955• Printed, 8 pp.

C. Accounts of CLSA Work

CLSA Reports. Mimeographed monthly reports on CLSA'S work, from Aug., 19^5, to date.

Law and Social Action. CLSA printed newsletter, Jan., 19k6, to June, 1950.

What the President's Committee on Civil Rights Recommended - What the American Jewish Congress Has Been Doing, Nov., !947. Compares CLSA activity with the major recommendations of President Truman's Com- mittee on Civil Rights. Printed, 9 pp.

Private Attorneys General; Group Action in the Fight for Civil Liberties, So. An analysis of the work of־^YALE LAW JOURNAL, March, 19'$, pp. 57 CLSA, NAACP and the American Civil liberties Union.

Progress for Tolerance, by Phil Baum, THE SENTINEL, Sept. 7, 1950. A report on CLSA work for the year. Printed, k pp.

Organizations Promoting Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, by Joseph B• Robison, ANKALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, May, 1951• Printed, 9 pp.

The Fight for Jewish Rights - 5711, by Phil Baum, Sept., 1951. A summary of CLSA activities for the year, prepared for Rosh Hasbanah editions ox" the Anglo-Jewish Press. Mimeo., 5 pp. Similar articles were prepared in subsequent years.

- 2 - A ]Decade of CLSA.- Special issue of CONGRESS WEEKLY, April 16, 1956, describing CLSA'S philosophy, working methods and achievements.

Recent Outstanding Accomplishments of the AJCongress, Nov., 1956. Mimeo., 9 pp.

- 3 - II. CHURCH AND STATE

A. Principles of Religious Freedom

Religion, Education and the Constitution, "by Leo Pfeffer, LAWYERS GUILD REVIEW, May-June, 19^. Discusses the constitutional doctrine of church- state separation. Printed, 13 pp.

The Meaning of the First Amendment, by Leo Pfeffer. Address at the First National Conference of Protestants and Other Americans United for Separa- tion of Church and State, Jan., 19^9• Mimeo., 7 PP.

The Supreme Court as Protector of Civil Rights: Freedom of Religion, by Leo Pfeffer, ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, May, 1951. Printed, 11 pp.

Church and State, Something Less Than Separation, by Leo Pfeffer, UNT/ERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW REVIEW, Autumn, 1951• Urges a broad interpretation of the constitutional provision on separation of church and state. Printed, 29 pp.

No Law Respecting an Establishment of Religion, by Leo Pfeffer, BUFFALO UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, Spring, 1953. Argues that the First Amendment forbids non-preferential government aid to religion. Printed, 17 pp.

The Church as an Instx-ument of National Policy, by Leo Pfeffer. Address at the Seventh Annual Conference on Church and State, Washington, D. C., June 19, 1955. Printed in THE CHRISTIAN CENTURY, Sept. 21, 1955• ^ pp.

AJCongress statement on freedom of religion and separation of church and state; submitted to the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Oct77 1955. Printed in CONGRESS WEEKLY, Nov. 28, 1955.

Leo Pfeffer statement on freedom of religion and separation of church and state; submitted to the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Oct. 3, 1955. Mimeo., 31 pp.

Synagogue Council of American-NCRAC statement on religious freedom; submitted to the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional'Rights, Nov. 9, 1955• Drafted by CLSA. Mimeo., 7 pp.

Issues That Divide, by Leo Pfeffer, JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Vol. XII, No. 3, 1956. Discusses religious conflict and the role of church and state in contemporary America. Printed, 19 pp.

- k - B. Government Aid to Bellgion

"A Little Case Over Bus Fares," by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March a, 19571 Discusses the Ever son case involving the State of New Jersey's right to use public funds to pay for transportation of students to parochial schools.

Dr. Stephen S. Wise statement supporting Federal aid to education and opposing grants to parochial schools; submitted to the Senate Subcommittee on Education, April 25, 1947. Mimeo., 9 PP•

Bull v. Stichman. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging use of public funds for construction of religious school classrooms; submitted to the New York State Court of Appeals, May 14, 1948. Printed, 36 pp.

AJCongress statement opposing allocation of Federal funds to parochial schools; submitted to the House Committee on Education and Labor, June 2, 1949. Mimeo., 8 pp.

The Church Says No, by Leo Pfeffer, JEWISH FRONTIER, Oct., 1949. Discusses Roman Catholic opposition to Federal aid to education. Printed, 4 pp.

H.R. 4468, the Barden Bill for Federal aid to public education, drafted in part by CLSA; introduced in the House, June 14, 1950. Excludes grants to sectarian schools. Printed (legislative form).

Victims of Sectarian Conflict, by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 3, 1952. The effect of church-state controversy on proposals for Federal aid to education.

C. Released Time and Religion in the Public Schools

Cultural Pluralism and the Schools, by Menahem Boraisha, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 21, 1947. Discusses the teaching of religion in the schools.

A Comment, by David Petegorsky, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 21, 1947. General problem of religion in the public schools.

Sectarianism and the Public Schools. David W. Petegorsky statement outlining the AJCongress position, delivered at the joint conference of the Synagogue Council of America and the NCRAC, June 10, 1947• Mimeo., 6 pp. McCollum v. Board of Education of School District 71, Champaign County, m. Synagogue Council of America-NCRAC brief, prepared by CLSA, in a suit challenging the constitutionality of a released time program conducted on school premises during school hours; submitted to the U.S. S^reme'Couart, Oct. 24, 1947• Printed, 42 pp.

Religion and the Public School, by Leo Pfeffer, JEWISH AFFAIRS PAMPHLET SERIES, Nov., 1947. Revised edition, Feb., 19%. The released time problem. Printed, 27 pp. (19^9 ed.).

AJCongress statement on Joint Christmas-Hanukah Celebrations in the Public י י •Schools, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Dec. 13, 1947

Religion Before the Supreme Court, by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 9, 1948". Discusses the McCollum Case.

The McCollum Case. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, March 14, 1948.

Zorach v. Clauson. CLSA briefs in a suit challenging the constitutionality of the New York City released time program. The entire legal record has been collected in two bound volumes; CLSA work comprises 11 documents from July 23, 19*18, to Jan., 1952. (1) Zorach petition (New York State Supreme Court) for decree abolishing released time program, July 23, 19^. Printed 9 pp. (2) Brief (Appellate Division) in opposition to motion to dismiss or change venue, March, 1949. Printed, 24 pp. (3) Brief (Court of Appeals) in opposition to motion to dismiss or change venue, Nov., 1949. Printed 22 pp. (4) Brief (Appellate Division) on appeal against Supreme Court decision Nov., 1950* Printed, 59 pp. (5) Reply brief (Appellate Division) on arguments against appeal, Nov*, 1950. Printed 25 pp. (6) Brief amici curiae of AJCongress, American Jewish Committee and Anti- Defamation League (Appellate Division), Nov., 1950. Printed 31 pp. (7) Brief (Court of Appeals) on appeal, May, 1951• Printed 61 pp. (8) Reply brief (Court of Appeals) on arguments against appeal, June, 1951• Printed, 50 pp. (9) Brief amicus curiae of AJCongress, American Jewish Committee and Anti-Defamation League (Court of Appeals), May 16, 1951. Printed, 41 pp. r{10) Statement as to jurisdiction (U.S. Supreme Court), Dec., 1951• Printed 71 pp. (11) Appeal brief (U.S. Supreme Court), Jan., 1952. Printed, 85 pp.

The Fight Against Released Time, by Leo Pfeffer, THE STANDARD, Nov., 19*18. Printed, 7 pp. The Zorach case.

Distribution of Gideon Bibles in Public Schools. CLSA memorandum of law, May, 1949, challenging the constitutionality of distribution of New Testa- ments in the public schools. Printed as NCRAC brochure, 8 pp.

- 6 - Isaac Toubin Statement opposing religious holiday observances in the public schools; delivered at the Joint Synagogue Council-NCRAC Conference, Sept., 19^9. Mimeo., 3 pp.

Constitutional Aspects of Religion and State Universities, by Leo Pfeffer. Address at the Conference on Religion in State Universities, University of Minnesota, Oct., 1949. Mimeo., 7 pp.

AJCongress legal memorandum opposing use of public school questionnaires asking church affiliation and religious school attendance of students; submitted to the Hoboken, N.J., Board of Education, Dec. 16, I949. Mimeo., 20 pp.

Legal memorandum, opposing acreditation of outside religious instruction in public schools; prepared by CLSA, Jan., 1950. Mimeo., 27 pp.

Judgment by Attack and Default, by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, June 28, 1951• Discusses sectarian attack on the McCollum decision.

Doremus v. Board of Education. AJCongress brief in a suit attacking compulsory Bible reading in the public schools of Hawthorne, N.J.; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Nov., 1951. Printed, 33 pp.

The Outlook in the Struggle for Church-State Separation, by Leo Pfeffer. Address at the Central Conference of American Rabbis, May, 1952. Implica-^ tions of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Zorach case. Mimeo., 6 pp.

Lecoque and Tudor v. Board of Education of Rutherford, N.J. CLSA briefs in a suit challenging the constitutionality of distribution of Gideon Bibles in the public schools. (1) Plaintiffs' brief (Appellate Division, Superior Court of New Jersey), May 26, 1953• Printed, 34 pp. (2) Synagogue Council of America-NCRAC brief (Appellate Division), drafted by CLSA, May, 1953• Printed, 15 pp.

The Gideons March on the Schools, by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Oct. 5, 1953• Discusses the Gideon Bible case.

Rabbi Leon Fram statement on behalf of the Detroit Community Council in opposition to a proposed released time bill; drafted by CLSA; delivered to the Michigan House, Feb., 1954. Mimeo., 9 pp.

Released Time and Religious Liberty: A Reply, by Leo Pfeffer, MICHIGAN LAW REVIEW, Nov., 1954. Printed, 7 PP•

Easton Jewish Community Council statement in opposition to a released time program; drafted by CLSA; May, 1955• Mimeo., 19 pp.. A New Religion in the Schools? "by Leo Pfeffer, STANDARD, Nov,-Dec., 1955. Discusses "non-sectarian" religious practices in the public schools and argues that a "public school religion" is being created. Printed, 4 pp.

Should Public Schools Teach Religion? by Leo Pfeffer, HADASSAH NEWSLETTER, Dec., 1955• Printed, 2 pp.

AJCongress statement on the New York City public school "moral and spiritual values" program; submitted to' the New York City Board of Edu- cation, Sept. 17, 1956. Mimeo., 11 pp.

In the Matter of the Appeal of Nora Glbbs. AJCongress-New York Board of Rabbis legal memorandum opposing display of the Ten Commandments in the New Hyde Park, N.Y., public schools; submitted to the State Commissioner .Typed, 26 pp ״of Education, Jan., 1957

The "Moral and Spiritual Values" Section in Dr. George H. Reavis "Edu- .Analysis prepared in part by CLSA, April, 1957 ־?cational Platform1 Mimeo., Id pp.

Public School Sectarianism and the Jewish Child —A Report of Experiences. CLSA study, May, 1957• Describes incidents stemming from religious teaching or practice in the public schools. Mimeo., 42 pp.

A New Religion in America, by Leo Pfeffer. Address to the AJCongress Women's Division National Convention, Washington, D.C., May 7, 1957. Argues that a "public school religion" is being created. Mimeo., 7 PP«

Recitation of the Lord's Prayer by Jewish Children. Prepared by CLSA for Indicates the Christian character of the ׳the Board of Rabbis, May, 1957 Lord's Prayer. Mimeo., 8 pp.

Legal memorandum opposing display of the Ten Commandments on public school premises; prepared by CLSA, May 15, 1957. Mimeo., 26 pp. plus appendix.

D. Sunday Laws Restricting Religious Freedom

A Bill to Amend the New York Sunday law to Exempt Observers of a Day Other Than Sunday as Holy Day. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New -The same bill has been in) .י York State Legislature, Feb.1949 ,28 troduced each year since 1949.) Printed (legislative form).

AH Manner of Work, by Chester Inwald, JEWISH LIFE, April-May, 1949. Dis- cusses Sunday closing laws. Printed, 4 pp.

- 8 - Sabbath, Sunday and State, by Chester Inwald, THE JEWISH HORIZON, Sept., 1949. Discusses Sunday closing laws. Printed, 5 pp.

New York v. Friedman and New York v. Praska. AJCongress briefs in cases -State Sunday law. (1) Brief for defendants״ challenging the New York appellants (Appellate Division, New York State Supreme Court), Dec. 30, 1949• Printed, 44 pp. (2) Brief amicus curiae (Appellate Division), Feb. 24, 1950. Printed, 9 pp. (3) Brief for defendants-appellants (Court of Appeals), Oct. 5, 1950. Printed, 45 pp. (4) Brief amicus curiae (Court of Appeals), Oct. 16, 1950. Printed, 9pp. (5) Statement as to jurisdiction (U.S. Supreme Court), Feb. 13, 1951• Printed, 23 pp.

Sunday Law and Sabbath Observance, by Leo Pfeffer, LIBERTY, 2nd quarter, 1950. Printed, 4 pp.

CLSA memorandum on proposed amendments to the Sunday Law to allow sabbatarians to do business on Sundays; submitted to the Joint Legislative Committee of New York State by the Joint Committee for a Fair Sabbath Law, Jan. 15, 1953• Printed, 19 pp.

A Setback for Religious Liberty, by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKIY, May 25, 1953• Discusses the defeat of"efforts to amend the New York Sunday closing law.

Leo Pfeffer statement on behalf of the Joint Committee for a Fair Sabbath Law; submitted to the New York Democratic State Committee, Sept. 13, 1954. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Morritt Bill, drafted by CLSA, to allow New York City sabbatarians to keep stores open on Sunday; introduced Feb. 15, 1955• Printed (legislative form).

Resolution of New York City Council, drafted by CLSA, urging Gov. Averell Harriman to recommend amendments to the Sunday Law; approved March 22, 1955. Printed (legislative form).

Humphrey Chevrolet v. Evanston. AJCongress Chicago Division brief in a case involving the constitutionality of a Sunday closing law; submitted to the Illinois Supreme Court, Sept., 1955. Printed, 12 pp.

E. Unemployment Compensation Laws Restricting Religious Freedom

Chanin v. Pennsylvania. CLSA brief in a suit challenging denial of unemployment compensation benefits because of religiously-motivated refusal to accept jobs requiring work on Saturday; submitted to the Pennsylvania Superior Court, Oct., 19*18. Typed, 4 pp.

־ 9 - In Re the Claim of Mary Jane Heisler. CLSA "briefs in a suit challenging refusal of unemployment compensation benefits to a Sabbatarian. (1) Brief of plaintiff-appellant (Ohio Court of Common Pleas), April 19, 1950. Mimeo., 22 pp. (2) Appeal brief (Ohio Court of Appeals), Aug. 24, 1950, Mimeo., 19 PP• (3) Appeal brief (Ohio Supreme Court), Sept. 6, 1951. Mimeo., 18 pp. (4) Reply brief (Ohio Supreme Court), Nov. 19, 1951. Mimeo., 6 pp. (5) Statement as to jurisdiction (U.S. Supreme Court), March, 1952. Printed, 21 pp. (6) Brief opposing motion to dismiss (U.S. Supreme - Court), April, 1952. Printed, 13 pp.

Tary v. Bureau of Unemployment Compensation of Ohio. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging denial of unemployment compensation to a Sabbatarian; submitted to the Supreme Court of Ohio, Feb., 1954. Printed, 28 pp.

Swenson v. Michigan Employment Security Commission. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging denial of employment compensation to a Sabbatarian; submitted to the Michigan Supreme Court, June, 1954. Printed, 3? pp.

In the Matter of Imogene R. Miller, Cannon Mills Co. and the Employment Security Commission of Worth Carolina. North Carolina Association of Rabbis - AJCongress brief in a suit challenging denial of employment compensation to a Sabbatarian; submitted to the North Carolina Supreme Court, Nov., 1955• Mimeo., 30 pp.

F. Zoning Laws Restricting Religious Freedom

Memorandum of Law on the constitutionality of a zoning ordinance forbidding construction of a synagogue in a residential area; drafted by CLSA for a Jewish congregation in Dallas, Tex., Sept. 22, 1950. Typed, 39 pp.

Kelly v. Dover. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging a zoning law excluding a religious school from a residential area; submitted to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, Feb., 1951. Printed, 27 pp.

Leo Pfeffer statement in opposition to propose changes in zoning rules; submitted to the New York City Planning Commission, Feb. 17, 1954. !me changes would have eliminated restrictions on the operation of gasoline stations near part-time religious schools. Mimeo., 9 pp.

Roman Catholic Welfare Corporation of San Francisco v. City of Piedmont. AJCongress brief in a suit against' a zoning law barring construction of religious schools in certain residential areas; submitted to the California First District Court of Appeals, Dec., 1954. Mimeo., 24 pp.

- 10 - Mi Imoe-Brook Bin (New York State), drafted in part by CLSA, to bar zoning regulations against religious buildings and schools; introduced Jan. 10-11, 1956, Printed (legislative form).

Diocese of Rochester v. Planning Board of the Town of Brighton. AJCongress brief in a case involving exclusion of religious schools from residential districts; submitted to the New York State Court of Appeals, April 23, 1956. Printed, 26 pp.

G. Censorship and Religious Freedom

Burstyn v. Wilson.AJCongress briefs in "The Miracle" case, challenging the power of New York State to prevent e:xhibition of a "sacrilegeous" motion picture. (1) Brief amicus curiae (New York State Court of Appeals), June 21, 1951• Printed, 46 pp. (2) Brief amicus curiae (with American Civil Liberties Union), U.S. Supreme Court, April, 1952. Printed, 74 pp.

Heresy, American Democracy and "The Miracle," by Leo Pfeffer, JEWISH FRONTIER, Aug., 1952. Printed, 5 pp.

"The Miracle" Case; Shall the State Suppress Heresy? by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, April 28, 1952.

H. Adoption and Child Custody

In the Matter of Henry Gaily, Jr. AJCongress brief in a case involving adoption across religious lines; submitted to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, Jan. 8, 1952. Printed, 11 pp.

The Religious Liberty Issue in Adoptions. CLSA explanatory memorandum, March 11, 1952. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Goldman v. Fogarty. AJCongress briefs in a suit challenging a state court1s refusal to permit a Jewish couple to adopt the natural children of a Catholic mother. (1) Brief amicus Curiae (Massachusetts Supreme Court), April, 195^• Printed, 4 pp. (2) Petition for writ of certiorari (U.S. Supreme Court), Dec,, 195^. Printed, 14 pp.

Religion by Compulsion, by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, April 25, 1955. Discusses the religious issue in adoption proceedings.

Proposed Change in Massachusetts Adoption Law, House No. 1870, 1955, barring religious tests in adoption proceedings; drafted "by CLSA. Printed, (legislative form).

- 11 - Religion in the Upbringing of Children, by ]Leo Pfeffer, BOSTON UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW, June, 1955. Discusses the religious issue in adoption and child custody proceedings. Printed, 60 pp. lynch v. Uhlenhopp. AJCongress brief in a case involving a divorce decree directing religious upbringing of child; submitted to the Iowa Supreme Court, Feb. 1, 1956. Mimeo., 19 pp.

AJCongress-New York Board of Rabbis statement urging changes in the constitutional provision governing religious aspects of child custody regulations; submitted to the New York State Temporary Commission'on the Constitutional Convention, June 14, 1957. Mimeo., 15 pp.

I. Miscellaneous

In the Democratic Tradition, by Janet Freeman and Naomi Bronheim, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 9, 1951. A report on church-state controversies at the White House Conference on Children and Youth, Dec., 1950.

Church and State Today: A Survey, by Phil Baum, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 3, 1952.

Synagogue Council of America-NCRAC statement, drafted try CLSA, opposing Senate Joint Resolution No. 87 to amend the Constitution to state that the nation recognizes the authority and law of Jesus Christ; submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee, May 17, 1954. Mimeo., 11 pp.

Leo Pfeffer statement on S. 1636, "A Bill to Require Humane Methods in the Slaughter of livestock and Poultry." Submitted to a Senate subcommittee on agriculture and forestry, May 10, 1956. Defends Shehitah, the Jewish ritual method of slaughtering. Mimeo., 11 pp.

Statutes, Cases and Other Materials Concerning the Problem of Church and State in the State of Texas. CLSA study, June, 1956. Mimeo., 11 pp

Summary of Recent Church-State Decisions. CLSA report, Oct. 18, 1956. Mimeo., 11 pp.

House Bill No. 434, State of Illinois, granting absentee voting rights to persons whose religion forbids voting on religious holidays. Drafted by CLSA; introduced March 12, 1957• Printed (legislative form).

NCRAC statement on Shehitah, submitted to a House subcommittee holding hearings on bills to require humane methods in the slaughter of livestock and poultry. Drafted by CLSA, April 2, 1957• Mimeo,, 21 pp.

- 12 - Proposed revisions of the !few Jersey absentee voting lav to protect the voting rights of persons whose religion forbids voting on religious holidays. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the Hew Jersey legislature, April, 1957. Printed, (legislative form).

־ 13 - III.• CIVIL RIGHTS - OVERALL PROBLEMS

A. General

Civil Rights -•- A, Program for the President's Committee on Civil Rights, by Will Maslow and Joseph B. Robison, LAWYERS GUILD REVIEW, May-June, 1947. Printed, 10 pp.

The New Charter of Freedom. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin on the report of the President1s Committee on Civil Rights; drafted by CLSA, Dec. 15, 19^7.

A Practical Program for Combatting Racism, by Joseph B. Robison, STANDARD, Feb., 1948. Discusses the report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights. Printed, 7 pp.

Civil Rights in the United States, 19*16. A Balance Sheet of Group Relations. Booklet summarizing the status of civil rights; prepared jointly by CLSA and the NAACP, April, 1949. Printed, 36 pp. Similar volumes were issued for 19*19 (71 PP.), 1950 (96 pp.), 1951 (128 pp.), 1952 (151 PP.), and ״(.PP 189) 1953

Special issue of CONGRESS .־Civil Rights in the United States, 19*!-51950 WEEKLY, Nov. 27, 1950. Includes articles by Charles Abrams, Walter White. Dan Dodson, Milton Konvitz, Robert C. Weaver, Shad Polier, Will Maslow, Leo Pfeffer, Saul Carson and Jack Wasserman.

Report of the Commission on Other Civil Rights, Will Maslow, chairman; submitted to the National Association of Intergroup Relations Officials, Nov, 11, 1952. Deals with insurance, suffrage, security of person, religious freedom, Mimeo., 17 pp.

Civil Rights Legislation and the Fight for Equality, 1862-1952, by Will Maslow and Joseph B. Robison, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW REVIEW, Spring 1953, PP. 365-386.

Civil Rights in the United States -- A Selected Reading List. Compiled by CLSA, Sept., 1953• Mimeo., 9 pp.

Report of the NAIRO Commission on Civil Rights. The Nov., 1954, and Nov., 1955, reports were drafted in part by CLSA. Mimeo*, 26 pp- each.

- 14 - B. Federal

(1) Legislation

AJCongress statement to the President's Committee on Civil Rights, May 1, I947T Suggests ways of improving existing civil rights laws» Mimeo., 11 pp.

Legislation Before Congress, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 16, 194b. Discusses civil rights legislation under consideration.

AJCongress statements on Federal antj-lynching bills; submitted to the Senate and House Judiciary Committees on Jan. 21 and Feb. 2, 1948. Mimeo., 8 and 12 pp., respectively.

CLSA draft bill to establish a permanent Federal Civil Rights Commission, .Mimeo., 6 pp. Iievised, March 22, 1948; mimeo., 5 pp .־, Jan. 271948

AJCongress memorandum of law on the constitutionality of a proposed Federal anti-lynching statute; submitted to a Senate Judiciary subcommittee, Feb. 2, 19^. Mimeo., 12 pp.

The 81st Congress Takes Over, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 10, 1949. A survey of civil rights proposals before Congress.

AJCongress statement supporting anti-poll tax bills; submitted to the House Administration Committee', May 10, 1949. Mimeo., 6 pp.

AJCongress statement on the proposed comprehensive civil rights act of 1949; submitted to the House judiciary Committee, June 22, 1949. Printed, 7 PP.

A Miserable Legislative Record, by Will Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY, July 21, 1952. The civil rights record of the 82nd Congress.

NCRAC statement on S.I and S. 535, civil rights bills before the Senate Judiciary Committee. Drafted by CLSA, Jan. 27, 1954'. Mimeo., 6 pp.

A Barren Record on Civil Rights, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Sept. 20, 1954. Failure of Congress to enact civil rights legislation.

Advisability of Supporting Anti-Discrimination Provisions in Bills for Welfare Legislation. CLSA study, March 1, 1955• Mimeo., 7 pp.

AJCongress statement on civil rights bills; submitted to the House Judiciary Subcommittee July 27, 1955• Mimeo., 23 pp.

- 15 - Congress Must Act on Civil Rights. Pamphlet drafted in part by CLSA; published by the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, Dec., 1955• Printed, 20 pp.

Joint statement of organizations in support of civil rights, drafted in part by CLSA; delivered to the Senate Judiciary Committee, May, 1956. Mimeo., 6 pp.

The Approaching Showdown on Civil Rights, by Joseph B. Robison. Article for the Rosh Hashannah editions of Anglo-Jewish publications, Sept., 1956. Mimeo., 3 pp.

Civil Rights in the 85th Congress, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Feb. 4, 1957• Prospects for civil rights legislation.

The Federal Civil Rights Bill. CLSA study, March 22, 1957. Discusses pending Federal legislation, Mimeo., 11 pp.

Jury Trial in Civil Rights Injunction Suits. CLSA legal study, June 75 1957• Discusses one aspect of pending Federal civil rights legislation. Mimeo., 22 pp.

(2) The Filibuster

How to Beat a Filibuster Without Cloture. CLSA study, July 11, 19*46. Mimeo., 2 pp.

AJCongress statement on resolutions to amend the cloture rule; submitted to the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Oct. 3, 1951. Mimeo., 5 PP•

The United States Senate Rules and the Filibuster. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, Jan. 10, 1952.

Limitation of Debate in American State Senates, by Will Maslow, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, June 5, 1952, pp. A 3645-A 36*16.

NCRAC statement in support of revision of Senate Rule 22 (filibuster rule). Drafted by CLSA, Dec. 28, 1956. Mimeo., 2 pp.

(3) Administrative Action

AJCongress statement on the role of the national administration in supporting the recommendations of the President's Committee on Civil Rights; submitted to the National Citizens' Conference' on Civil Liberties,April 8, 19*48. Mimeo., *+ pp.

- 16 - AJCongress memorandum in opposition to a proposed ruling affecting rights of stockholders to raise questions about racial and religious discrimination at stockholders meetings; submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission, June 11, 1952. Mimeo., 6 pp.

(4) Miscellaneous

Analysis of Daniel-Humphrey proposal to abolish the electoral college. CLSA study, !•fey IT, 1955• Mimeo., 11 pp. Indicates how the proposal would affect civil rights legislation. A similar study of other proposals for changing the method of electing the president was prepared on May 4, 1956; mimeo., 21 pp.

Statement on strengthening civil rights laws, drafted by CLSA; presented to 'the Platform and Resolutions Committee of the 1956 Democratic national Convention by Max A. Kopstein, chairman of the Administative Committee of AJCongress, on behalf of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, Aug. 10, 195^• Mimeo., 4 pp.

1956 Civil Rights Platform. Platform proposals, drafted in part by CLSA; presented to political parties by the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, June, 1956. Printed, 6 pp.

C. State

Model state civil rights bin forbidding conspiracies to deprive persons of Federal or state rights solely because of race, color, religion or ancestry. Drafted by CLSA, March 17, 1947• Mimeo., 3 PP•

Proposed Amendments to the New Jersey Bill of Rights (with supporting memorandum), drafted in part by CLSA; submitted to the New Jersey Constitutional Convention by the Joint Committee on Constitutional Bill of Rights, July 8, 1947. Proposes guarantees against discrimination. Mimeo., 18 pp.

Check List of State Anti-Discrimination and Anti-Bias Laws, prepared by CLSA, Oct., 1948. Printed 14 pp. Revised, 1953; printed, 27 pp.

AJCongress statement recommending a civil rights legislation program; submitted to the Missouri Equal Rights Commission, Nov., 1948. Mimeo., 11 pp.

1949 Roundup of Pending State BiHs. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin on pending state civil rights bills. Prepared by CLSA, March 15, 1949•

The New 1949 State Civil Rights Laws. NCRAC legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, Nov. 25, 1949•

- 17 - Model civil rights section for state constitutions. Prepared by CLSA, May 11, 1950. Mimeo., 2 pp.

The Enforcement of northern Civil Rights Laws, by Will Maslow. Address at the Fisk University Institute on Race Relations, Nashville, Tenn,, June 28, 1950. Mimeo., 16 pp.

.by Will Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Dec" ג State Civil Rights Laws, 1951 17, 1951. A resume of state legislative activity during 1951.

New York State Laws Against Discrimination: What To Do When They Are .CLSA report, April 6, 1956. Mimeo., k pp !־Violated

List of civil rights and civil liberties bills pending in the 1956 session of the New York State Legislature! CLSA report, April, 1956. Mimeo23 pp. An evaluation of the most important bills was prepared on May 3, 1956; mimeo., 4 pp.

D. Municipal

Civil rights article for inclusion in the revised Philadelphia City Charter. Drafted by CLSA. Mimeo., 5 pp. Submitted with supporting memorandum (mimeo., 11 pp.) to the Revision Commission, Jan. 2k, 1950.

- 18 - IV. DEFAMATION, GROUP LIBEL AND VIOLENCE

A. General

Group Sanctions Against Racism, by Alexander H. Pekelis, NEW REPUBLIC, Oct. 29, 194-5• Suggests defenses against prejudice.

Defenses Against Group Defamation, by Leo Pfeffer, JEWISH FRONTIER, Feb., 1946. Printed, 33 PP• Suggests defenses against bigotry.

A Selected Bibliography on Group Libel. Compiled by CLSA, June 16, 1945. Mimeo., 3 PP•

Anti-Semitism in America, A Reading List. Compiled by CLSA, Feb., 1953• Mimeo. 9 pp.

B. Newspapers and Radio Stations

In the Matter of Application of the Daily News. AJCongress briefs, submitted to the FCC, in opposition to the granting of an FM broad- casting license to the NEW YORK DAILY NEWS. AJCongress contended that the DAILY NEWS was guilty of slanting stories against Negroes and Jews. (1) Petition for intervention, March 14, 19*16. Mimeo., 4 pp. (2) Quantitative content analysis of favorable and unfavorable news items concerning Jews and Negroes in the NEW YORK DAILY NEWS compared with the NEW YORK TIMES, NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE, NEW YORK DAILY MIRROR and PM for Jan., May and Sept., 19*15 > and Jan. and Feb., 19*16. Offered in evidence, Sept. 24, 1946, Mimeo., 26 pp. (3) Memorandum in the nature of proposed findings, Nov, 12, 19*46. Printed, 99 PP• (*0 Memorandum in opposition to motion to strike newspaper content evidence from record, Nov. 18, 19*16. Mimeo., 8 pp. (5) Brief objecting to tentative decision of FCC, June 19, 19*17• Mimeo., 24 pp. (6) Brief •PP ־on rehearing of tentative decision, Jan. 5, 19*18. Mimeo., 3*1

Fascist Field Day in Chicago, by Gilbert Gordon, THE NATION, Jan. 24, I948. Discusses the decision of a Chicago court finding the Anglo- Jewish newspaper SENTINEL guilty of libelling certain persons as "anti-Semites." Printed, 2 pp.

AJCongress Statement to the FCC opposing editorializing by broadcast licenses, March 1, 19*48. Mimeo., 6 pp.

- 19 - In the Matter of the Application of Station KMPC. AJCongress briefs, submitted to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), asking revocation of KMPC's license because of alleged slanting of news broadcasts against Jews. (1) Petition for revocation of license of KMPC, March 10, 1948. Mimeo., 3 pp. (2) Summary of evidence in KMPC case, May 28, 1948. Mimeo., 16 pp. (3) Memorandum opposing transfer of KMPC, WJR and WGAB, May 5, 1949. Mimeo., 14 pp. (4) Brief opposing KMPC motion challenging FCC jurisdiction to investigate program policies, Dec. 21, 1949• Mimeo., 19 pp. (5) Motion in support of exceptions to initial decision, Aug. 29, 1951. Mimeo., 7 pp.

The Verdict on the Daily News, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, April 23, 1948. Discusses the FCC decision in the DAILY NEWS case.

How to Conduct a Study of Race Tags in Newspaper Crime Stories, a suggested outline for use by part-time volunteers. Prepared by CLSA, May, 1948. Mimeo., 9 pp.

Local Editing of Westbrook Pegler's Column of Jan. 20, 1948• CLSA study, Aug. 30, 1948. Mimeo., 12 pp. 1

Prejudice on the Air, by Phil Baum, CONGRESS WEEKLY, June 4, 1951. Discusses the proceedings against station KMPC.

Prinz v. McGinley. Briefs of Rabbi Joachim Prinz of the AJCongress in his successful New Jersey libel action against Conde McGinley, publisher of COMMON SENSE. McGinley had labelled Rabbi Prinz as "Red" and charged him with pro-Communist activity. (1) Initial complaint of Rabbi Prinz (N.J. Superior Court), March 23, 1953• Typed, 5 PP. (2) Memorandum in opposition to motion to dismiss (Superior Court), June 26, 1953. Typed, 33 pp. (3) Prinz letter to Judge Wick containing comments on McGinley's reply brief, Sept. 14, 1953• Typed, 8 PP• (4) Plaintiff's brief in opposition to defendant's motion for leave to appeal (Appellate Division), Dec. 30, 1953• Mimeo., 13 pp. (5) Memorandum in support of plaintiff's motion to strike affirmative defenses (Superior Court), Feb. 19, 1954. Typed, 23 pp. (6) Plaintiff's reply to amended answer and answer to counter-claim (Superior Court), March 31, 1954. Typed, 5 pp. (7) Plaintiff's memorandum for pre-trial conference (Superior Court), Aug., 1954. Mimeo., 6 pp. (8) Plaintiff's brief in support of his motion for summary judgment on counterclaim (Superior Court), Nov. 8, 1954. Typed, 11 pp. (9) Plaintiff's reply brief in support of his motion for summary judgment (Superior Court), Feb. 10, 1955• Typed, 8 pp. (10) Rabbi Prinz*s complaint on transfer of property by McGinley to avoid payment of libel judgment (Superior Court), Oct., 1956. Mimeo., 12 pp.

Summary of Prinz-McGinley Litigation. CLSA report, April 12, 1955. Mimeo., 6 pp.

י 20 - C. Public Meetings

The Treatment of Rabble-Rousers. CLSA study, Oct. 24, 1947. Mimeo., 6 pp.

Terminiello v. Chicago. AJCongress brief in a case involving a rabble- rousing speech at a public meeting; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Jan. 24, 1949. Printed, 22 pp.

Analysis of U.S. Supreme Court Decision in the Terminiello Case. CLSA .Mimeo., 5 pp ׳Y'19, WW׳

D. Group Libel and Race Hate Legislation

How Free Should Speech Be? by Leo Pfeffer, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Dec. 7, 1945! Calls for laws against group libel.

Proposed Chicago Group Libel Ordinance; drafted by CLSA, 19*<6. Mimeo., 3 pp.

Memorandum to City Council of Chicago on Proposed Group Libel Ordinance; drafted by CLSA, 19*16. Mimeo., 11 pp.

Proposed Revision of Indiana Hate Bill; drafted by CLSA, Jan. 31, 1947. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Analysis of a Proposed Compulsory Reply Statute for Group label to compel publishers of group libels to grant equal space for reply to the libelled group; drafted by CLSA; submitted to the President's Committee on Civil Rights, June 11, 1947. Mimeo., 6 pp.

Model Race Hatred Ordinance for Municipalities; drafted by CLSA, Nov. 26, 1957! Mimeo., 2 pp.

Group Libel Reconsidered, by Will Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 23, 19*48. Discusses a Federal group libel bill.

Model State Group Libel Bill; drafted by CLSA, March 2, 1949. Mimeo., 2 pp.

Klein-Javitz Group Libel Bill (H.R. 2270, 81st Congress); drafted by CLSA; introduced in the House, Feb. 3, 1949• Printed (legislative form.)

- 21 - The Federal Group Libel Bill. CLSA analysis of the Klein-Javits Bin, March, 1949• Mimeo.,' 10 pp.

Federal Group Libel Legislation. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, June 10, 1949.

Good and Bad Libel Bills, by Phil Baum, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Sept. 19, 1949. Discusses the principles of effective group libel legislation.

Proposed Group Libel Bill for New Jersey. Drafted by CLSA, July 11, 1951 • Mimeo., 3 pp.

The Bounds of Free Speech, by Phil Baum, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Feb. 4, 1952. Discusses the Beauharnais case in which a racist rabble- rouser was convicted under the Illinois group libel law.

Javits Group Libel Bill (H.R. 7717, 82nd Congress); drafted by CLSA; introduced in the House, May 5, 1952. Printed (legislative form).

Analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court Decision on the Beauharnais Case and of a Federal Group Libel Bill. CLSA study, May 15, 1952. " י .Mimeo., 4 pp

E. Vandalism

Fiestas in Hate, by Walter L. Ktrschenbaum, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Nov. 15, 1956. Discusses vandalism against Jewish cemeteries and synagogues.

- 22 - V. DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT

A. General

.by Will Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY, June 15, 194-5־ ,FEPC and the Jews

Opportunity limited, by Will Maslow, JEWISH AFFAIRS PAMPHLET SERIES, Feb. 15, 1946. A discussion of racial and religious discrimination in employment and education. Printed, 15 pp.

Economic Trends Among American Jews, by Nathan Goldberg, JEWISH AFFAIRS PAMPHLET SERIES, Oct. 1, 1946. Printed 19 pp.

Occupational Patterns of American Jews, by Nathan Goldberg, JEWISH REVIEW, April, 1945. Similar articles appeared in the Oct.-Dec., 1945, and Jan. -March., 1946, editions of JEWISH REVIEW.

Trends of Fair Employment Practices Legislation in Nation, State and City. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, July, 1946.

Answering Objections to FEPC Legislation. Brochure prepared by CLSA for the Michigan Committee on Civil Rights, March 10, 1952. Mimeo., 5

B. Federal

FEPC — A Case History in Parliamentary Maneuver, by Will Maslow, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW REVIEW, June, 1946. Describes how a Federal FEPC bill was defeated. Printed, 38 pp.

Statement of Dr. Stephen S. Wise on S.984, a Federal FEPC bill; submitted to the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, June 12, 1947. Mimeo., 25 pp.

Proposed Executive Order outlining procedures to prevent and remedy discrimination in Federal employment and service. Drafted by CLSA, Feb., 1948. Mimeo., 6 pp.

AJCongress statement on H.R. 4453 (81st Congress), a Federal FEPC bill submitted to a House subcommittee on ]Education and Labor, May 24, 1949 Mimeo., 9 PP•

Black Monday in the Supreme Court, by Bert Diamond, CONGRESS WEEKLY, May 23, 1950. Discusses the Hughes decision barring picketing in labor controversies involving racial discrimination by employers.

- 23 - Proposed presidential executive order barring disemination la defense Industry or other work under government contract? Drafted by CLSA, Oct. 30, 1950. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Memorandum regarding application of the Russell Amendment to the proposed executive order on discrimination in employment. Drafted by CLSA, Nov. 7, 1950. Mimeo., 6 pp. 1

The Need for an Adequate Federal Executive Order Prohibiting Discrlmina- tion in Defense Industries? CLSA study, Feb. 25, 1951. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Suggestions for a Program for the President's Committee on Government Contract Compliance, proposals drafted by CLSA for the NCRAC; submitted to the President's Committee on Government Contracts, June 9, 1952. Mimeo., 8 pp.

A Bill to Prohibit Discrimination in Employment Under Government Contracts. Drafted by CLSA, April 14, 1953• Mimeo., 12 pp.

AJCongress memorandum and proposed anti-discrimination amendments to the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947; submitted to a Senate subcommittee on Labor and Public Welfare, May 7, 1953• Mimeo., 24 pp.

NCRAC recommendations on ^discrimination in employment. Drafted by CLSA; submitted to the President's Committee on Government Contracts, Jan. 29, 1954. Mimeo., 10 pp.

NCRAC statement on S. 692 (83rd Congress), the Federal fair employment practice bill, Drafted by CLSA; submitted to Congress, Feb. 23, 1954. Mimeo., 7 pp•

C. State

American Jewish Congress v. Lumbermans Casualty Co. of Illinois. CLSA memorandum in a complaint against religious questioning of job applicants; submitted to SCAD*, Jan. 31, 1946. Argues that organizations such as the AJCongress are "aggrieved persons" within the meaning of the New York State Law Against Discrimination. Mimeo., 13 PP•

A Model State Fair Employment practices Act, drafted by CLSA, March 5, 1946. Mimeo., 12 pp. Revised, Aug. 30, 1946; March, 1947; Sept., 1954.

* New York State Commission Against Discrimination

- 24 - How We Won In Massachusetts, by Henry R. Silberman, NEW REPUBLIC, An account of the struggle for passage of a .־July 6, l$k6 Massachusetts fair employment law.

Takahashi v. Fish and Game Commission. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging a California law denying commerical fishing licenses to Japanese resident aliens; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, April 16, 1948. Printed, 28 pp.

Julia Maude Alexander v. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. CLSA memorandum of law supporting jurisdiction of SCAD in a complaint alleging employment discrimination by the Federal Reserve Bank, May 3, 19*18. Mimeo., 18 pp.

The New York State Commission Against Discrimination; An Appraisal of Three and a Half Years Under the Ives-Quinn Law. Report of the Committee to Support the Ives-Quinn law, sponsored by the Urban League of Greater New York, AJCongress and the NAACP, Jan., 1949• Mimeo., 16 pp.

A Model State Bill for a Commission to Investigate Discrimination in Employment. Drafted by CLSA, March, 1949• Mimeo., 3 pp.

The New York State Law Against Discrimination; Operation and Administration, by Morroe Berger, CORNELL LAW QUATERLY, Simmer, 1950. Contains extensive references to CLSA work. Printed, 50 pp.

Cramton FEPC bill (House No. 385) drafted by CLSA; introduced in the Michigan House, Feb. 12, 1952. The companion bills, HB 369 and SB 262, were also prepared by CLSA. Printed (legislative form).

Tilley and Stewart v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. CLSA brief for the Connecticut Committee on Civil Bights in a suit charging that exclusion of Negroes from a labor union violates the state law against discrimination; prepared May 12, 1952. Mimeo., 36 pp.

American Jewish Congress v. John Warren Hill. Complaints and memoranda of law submitted to SCAD in an action attacking use of religious quotas in hiring and assignment of probation officers for the children's division of the New York City Domestic Relations Court. (1) Complaint alleging employment discrimination by Justice John Warren Hill, Jan. 22, 1955. Mimeo., 6 pp. (2) Memorandum of law, April, 1955• Mimeo., 22 pp. (3) Supplementary memorandum of law involving AJCongress status to sue, June, 1955. Mimeo., 15 pp. (b) Background memorandum on discrimination in selection of probation officers for Children's Court, Sept. 20, 1955• Mimeo., 7 pp. (5) Memorandum to New York Probation Commission, Oct., 1955. Mimeo., 15 pp. (6) Supplemental complaint, May 2h, 1956. Mimeo., 15 PP• (7) Application for reconsideration by SCAD, includes affidavit

- 25 - of Dr. Don J. Eager on harmfulness of practices under attack, July 19, 1956, Application, mimeo., 7 pp.; Hager affidavit, mimeo., pp. (8) Memorandum of law on application for reconsideration, Nov., 1956. Mimeo., 148 pp.

Morritt Bill (New York State Senate No. 385, No. 3333), drafted by CLSA, to give SCAD power to initiate investigation, Jan. 11, 1955. A similar bill (Senate No.1187) was drafted in 1956 and introduced on Jan. 25 by Sen. Metcalf. Printed (legislative form).

American Jewish Congress v. Arabian American Oil Co. Memoranda of law filed with SCAD in a complaint alleging refusal of Arabian American Oil Co. to hire Jews for employment in Arab countries. (1) Complaint, Aug. 1, 1956. Typed, 3 PP• (2) Memorandum of law in support of complaint, April, 1957. Mimeo., 31 PP•

Equal Job Opportunities for You, You and You. Brochure prepared by Chicago CLSA, March, 1957• Urges support of the Illinois fair employment bill. Printed, 6 pp.

D. Municipal

AJCongress memorandum suggesting new methods of enforcing New York's anti-discrimination laws; submitted to New York City Commissioner of Licenses, March 11, 1946. Mimeo., 3 pp.

AJCongress memorandum of law on a proposed Cincinnati fair employment practices ordinance; submitted to the Cincinnati City Council, Dec. 6, 1946. Typed 19 pp.

A Model FBPC Ordinance for Municipalities. Drafted by CLSA, Sept., 1947. Mimeo., 8 pp. latest revision, Aug., 1955; mimeo., 9 pp.

Philadelphia Fair Employment Practices Commission Ordinance. Drafted by CLSA; enacted, March 12, 1948. Printed, 7 pp.

Cherkis v. Impelliteri. CLSA briefs and memoranda of law in a case involving employment discrimination against Jews by the New York City Department of Correction. (1) Memorandum in opposition to motion to dismiss complaint (New York State Supreme Court), April 23, 1953• Typed, 20 pp. (2) Reply memorandum (Supreme Court), May 6, 1953• Typed, !0 pp. (3) Appeal brief (Appellate Division), Oct., 1953• Printed, 43 pp. (4) Appeal brief (Court of Appeals), March, 1954. Printed, 47 pp.

- 26 - E. Research Projects

AJCongress survey of Manhattan commercial employment agencies; analysis of their responses to a telephone order for a 'white Protestant" stenographer, Dec., 1946. Similar surveys were conducted in 1949, 1952 and 1955•

Are Insurance Companies Biased? by Dian S. LeVinson, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Dec. 27, 1946. Discusses the CLSA survey of employment discrimination by insurance companies.

Does the Ives-Quinn Law Work? by Eve Ross, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Dec. 27, 1946. Discusses employment agency evasion of the New York State fair employment law.

Employer Support for Fair Employment Legislation. CLSA study, sponsored by the NCRAC; submitted to the Committee on Discrimination in Employment, Feb. 2, 1953. Mimeo., 7 PP•

CLSA survey of employment experiences of 1951 law school graduates of Chicago, Columbia,Harvard and Yale Universities, May, 1954. Mimeo., 26 pp. plus tables.

AJCongress statement on discrimination by New York City employment agencies; submitted to t%e Joint Legislative Committee on Industrial and Labor Con- ditions, May 23, 1955• Mimeo., 5 pp.

Proportion of Jewish and non-white population of the United States residing in areas covered by fair*employment!laws. CLSA survey, Nov. 2, 1955• Mimeo., 3 PP• Employment Discrimination Against Jews in the United States, by Lois Waldman, JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES, July, 1956. Printed, 5 pp.

- 27 - VI. EDUCATION

A. General

Expanding Educational Opportunity. NCRAC legislative Information Bulletin, prepared "by CLSA, Feb. 24, 1948.

Equalizing and Expanding Educational Opportunity, by Dr. Stephen S. Wise and Joseph B. Robison, KEY REPORTER, Winter, 1948-49.

A Selected Bibliography on Discrimination Against Jews in Education in the United States,, !931-1953? complied by CLSA, May 13, 1953• Mimeo., 16 pp.

B. Segregation

Westminster School District v. Gonzalo Mendez. AJCongress brief in a suit attacking segregation of students of Mexican ancestry by school authorities of Orange County, Cal.; submitted to the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, Oct., 1946. Printed, 35 PP•

Sweatt v. Painter. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging segregation at Texas University Law School; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, May, 19^9• Printed 21 pp.

Out-Flanking Segregation, by Joseph B. Robison, NEW REPUBLIC, June 30, 1952. Comments on the Claredon elementary school segregation case. Printed, 2 pp.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging racial segregation in the public schools; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Oct. 9, 1952. Printed, 20 pp.

Boiling v. Sharpe. Brief amicus curiae of AJCongress and other organizations in a suit challenging racial segregation in the public schools of Washington, D.C.; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Dec., 1952. Printed, 55 PP•

Segregation on Trial, by Lois Waldman, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Dec. 22, 1952. Describes Southern efforts to improve segregated schools pending the Supreme Court's decision on public school segregation cases.

Public School Segregation Cases. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletins on segregation cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, prepared by CLSA, Jan., 1953, and Jan., 1954.

- 28 - The Doom of Segregation, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, May 31, 195^• The implications of the Supreme Court decision against "separate but equal" public school facilities.

Walker v. Board of Education of Englewood, N.J. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging gerrymandering of school district lines to preserve de facto racial segregation of students; submitted to the N.J. Divi- sion Against Discrimination, Feb., 1955• Mimeo., 13 pp.

C. Discrimination by Colleges and Professional Schools

(1) Lawsuits

Application of Dr. Stephen S. Wise for cancellation of the tax exemption of Columbia University because Of discriminatory admission policies; submitted to The New York City Tax Commission, March 4, 1946. Mimeo., 5 pp.

Goldstein v. Mills. Dr. Stephen S. Wise brief in a suit to compel the N.Y.C. Tax Commission to cancel tax exemption of Columbia University because of discriminatory admission practices; submitted to the Appellate Division, N.Y.S. Supreme Court, May, 1946. Printed, 19 pp.

American Jewish Congress v. Columbia University. Memorandum upholding the jurisdiction of SCAD over discriminatory practices by the Columbia University Placement Service; submitted to SCAD, Jan. 2, 1947. Mimeo., 18 pp.

Tamir v. Long Island Agricultural and Technical Institute. CLSA memorandum in a complaint alleging discrimination against a Jewish teacher; submitted to the University of the State of New York, May 21, 1951. Mimeo., 19 pp.

(2) Research Studies

So Your Son Wants To Be A Doctori by J.X. Cohen, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Dec. 21, 1945. Discusses medical school discrimination against Jews.

The Quota System Spreads, by J.X. Cohen, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 4, 1946. The quota system in medical, schools.

Number and Percentage of Jews in First Year Class of the Nine Medical Schools in New York State. CLSA report, Sept. 20, 1946. Mimeo., 4 pp.

- 29 - by the Special Investigating Committee of •bhe Council of the City־ Report of Hew York of an investigation concerning the admission practices and -be non־ policies of educational institutions within the city claiming to sectarian, Dec, 23, 19**6; printed, 81 pp. The appendix contains CLSA'S charts on Jewish enrollment in Columbia and Cornell medical schools.

The Distinctive !feme Method of Determining Jewish Enrollment in Medical !CLSA study/ Jan. 28, 1947• Mimeo., 8 pp !־School

,by Dian S. Levinson, CONGRESS WEEKLY״,How Colleges Practice Bias March 7, 1947. An analysis of a CLSA study of college application blanks.

Survey of Application for Admission Forms in Current Use by Liberal Arts Colleges Throughout the Country. CLSA study; revised, Oct. 28, 1947"! Mimeo., 14 pp. " ::

Survey of College Application Blahks in New York State. CLSA study, June, 1948. Examination of discriminatory questions on college application blanks. Mimeo., 17 pp.

Multiple Applications for Admission to American Medical Schools. CLSA study, June, 19*18. Printed, 11 pp. "

Discrimination in Medical Schools, A Summary of the Existing Evidence. CLSA study, Nov. 4, 1949. Mimeo. , 4 pp.

Survey of Treatment Accorded 1949 Medical and Dental Scholarship Winners. CLSA study, July 13, 1950. Mimeo., 4 pp. plus tables.

The Quota System in Medical Schools, An Analysis of Existing Evidence. CLSA study, Aug., 1950. Mimeo., 9 pp. '

Quotes in Medical Schools, by Nathan Goldberg and Howard Squadron, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Sept. 11, 1950. Reports the results of a CLSA survey.

A Survey of the Number and Rank of Jewish Faculty Members in 22 Colleges, CLSA study, prepared for the NCRAC, April 20, 1951. Mimeo., 16 pp.

Survey of the Experience of Winners of New York State Medical and Dental Scholarships for 1950 in Seeking Admission to New York Professional Schools. CLSA study; submitted to the Hew' York State Board of Regents, May 16, 1951. Mimeo., 16 pp. Identical surveys were conducted for 1951 scholarship winners (June !3, 1952; mimeo., 10 pp.); and for 1952 winners. Results for the three years surveyed (1950-52) were published June 19, 1953; mimeo., 14 pp. plus tables.

A Survey of the Experiences of Winners of New York State University Scholarships In 1950 In Seeking Admission to Colleges and Universities, CLSA study, Nov., 1952. "Mimeo., 15 pp. plus tables.

- 30 - Memorandum Regarding Evidence of Discrimination by the State University Medical School At Syracuse, N.Y. CLSA study, July 20, 1953• Mimeo., 6 pp.

Analysis of Wilson Report to the New York State Board of Regents on Ad- mission Practices of Nine New York State Medical Schools. CLSA study, July 30, 1953• Mimeo., 26 pp. plus tables.

"Personality" — A Cover for Bias, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Aug. 17, 1953• Describes how medical schools evade charges of racial and religious discrimination in admission policies.

Religious Differentials in the Admission to College of New York State Scholarship Winners, 1950-52. CLSA survey, May, 1954. Mimeo., 20 pp. plus tables.

Percentage of Jews in the Hunter College Faculty, 1949-50 and 1953-54. CLSA study, Jan. 15, 1955. Mimeo., 4 pp.' plus tables.

Religious Census of Students in New York State Colleges, 1955-56, based on voluntary reports after enrollment. CLSA study conducted for the administrator of the Fair Education Practices Act, Jan. 10, 1956. Mimeo., 1 pp.

Du legislation

(1) Federal

Amendments to the G.I. Bill of Rights (H.R. 867, 80th Congress), a bill drafted by CLSA to forbid G.I. Bill payments to colleges guilty of discrimination; introduced, Jan. 13, 1947• Mimeo., 2 pp.

AJCongress statement calling for Federal aid to education; submitted to a Senate subcommittee on education, April 25, I947. Mimeo., 9 PP• Argues that Federal aid is necessary for the establishment of equal educational opportunity for all students.

NCRAC statement on Federal aid to schools. Drafted by CLSA; submitted to the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, May 28, 1954. Mimeo., 9 pp. Opposes Federal aid to segregated school districts.

AJCongress statement on the need for Federal grants for public school construction; submitted to the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, Feb. 23, 1955• Mimeo., 5 pp. Argues that Federal aid is necessary for the establishment of equal educational opportunity for all students.

- 31 - AJCongress statement on the need for Federal grants for public school construction; submitted to the House Committee on Education and Labor, May 9, 1955. Mimeo., 7 pp. Opposes Federal aid to segregated school districts.

AJCongress statement in support of H.R. 4743, 84th Congress, a bill for Federal aid to medical schools; submitted to the House Health and Science Subcommittee, June 21, 1955• Mimeo., 5 pp. Advocates safeguards against discrimination by schools accepting aid.

A Tragic Dilemma, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, May 2, 1955. Discusses a Federal aid to education biH and the Powell Amendment barring such aid to segregated school districts.

(2) State

Nhy a State University, by J.X. Cohen, CONGRESS WEEKLY, May 3, 1946. Argues that the existence of a state university would guarantee equal educational opportunity.

Austjn-Mahoney Bill (A. Int. 2501; S. Int. 2187) to prevent and eliminate educational discrimination based on race, color, creed, ancestry or national origin. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New York State Printed (legislative form). A similar .ך, Legislature, March 1946 .S. Int 7) was introduced Jan. 8, 1947 ,ך .bill (A. Int

A Model State Fair Educational Practices Act. Drafted by CLSA, Sept. 19, 1946; revised, Dec. 16, 1948; March, 1951; Sept. 16, 1954.

Reiffen fair educational practices bill (Assembly No. 87). Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New Jersey Assembly, Jan. 20, 1947. Printed (legislative form).

A Continuing Fight, by Sidney Katz, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 21, 1947. Describes the legislative struggle for passage of a New York State fair educational practices act (Austin-Mahoney bill).

AJCongress Recommendations to New York Temporary Commission on Need for a State University; discusses need for legislation against discrimination in education; Aug. 20, 1947. Mimeo., 11 pp.

The Next Step. AJCongress leaflet on the Austin-Mahoney Fair Educational Practices Bill, 1947. Printed, 4 pp.

Shad Polier statement on behalf of New York State Committee for Equality in Education; submitted to the New York Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University, Oct, 20, 1947• Discusses the basic principles of effective fair educational practice legislation. Printed, 12 pp.

- 32 - Proposed New York Fair Educational Practices Law. Originally drafted "by CLSA, Nov. 1, 19'47; introduced/ Feb. 11, 19*18, as the Wachtel-Fine-Roman- Bannigan Bill. The same bill with some amendments was introduced on March 5, 19^8, and enacted as the Quinn-Olliffe Law.

Memorandum to New York State Commissioner of Education on proposed regulations under the Quinn-Olliffe Fair Educational Practices Law. Drafted by CLSA; submitted by the New York State Committee for Equality in Education, Oct. 7, 1948. Mimeo., 8 pp.

Toward Equality in Education, by Bert Diamond, JEWISH REVIEW, Nov. 4, 1948. The campaign for enactment of the Quinn-Olliffe Law.

AJCongress statement in support of fair educational practices legislation; submitted to the Massachusetts House Education Committee, April 11, 1949• Mimeo., 11 pp. plus tables.

Analysis and explanation of H. 2692, a proposed Massachusetts Fair Educa- tional Practices Law; prepared by CLSA for the Massachusetts Committee .Mimeo., 6 pp ״for Equality in Education, July 26, 1949

The Enforcement of the Quinn-Oliffe Law. CLSA study of the New York State fair educational practices law, Dec., 1950. Mimeo., 4 pp.

AJCongress statement to the Connecticut Senate and House Committee on Education, March 157 1951, recommending passage of a proposed fair educational practices law. Mimeo., 7 pp.

Amendments to the Massachusetts Fair Educational Practice Act. Drafted by CLSA; enacted, May 10, 19561 tinted "(legislative form).

E. Bigotry in the Classroom

Wade v. Quinn. AJCongress submissions to the New York City Board of Education in the case of May Quinn, public school teacher accused of making anti-Semitic and anti-Negro remarks in the classroom. (1) Memorandum, Feb. 19, 1946. Mimeo., 15 pp. (2) Memorandum in support of appeal against decision favoring Miss Quinn, June 7, 1946. Mimeo., 7 pp.

In the Matter of the Romance Languages Department of the College of the City of New York. The Knickerbocker case: AJCongress documents in the investigation of alleged anti-Semitic practices by the chairman of the Romance Languages Department of New York's City College. (1) Petition for investigation (New York City Board of Higher Education), March 8, 1946. Mimeo., 16 pp. plus appendices. (2) Analysis of the record (submitted to Board of Higher Education), Sept. 10, 1946. Mimeo., 54 pp.

- 33 י plus appendices. (3) Petition to Board of Higher Education, Sept. 24, 19*48, Mimeo., 13 pp. plus exhibits. (4) Appeal to Commissioner of Education, Oct. 22, 1948. Mimeo., 15 pp. plus appendices. (5) Re- joinder to reply of Board of Education (submitted to State Commissioner of Education), April 27, 19%• Mimeo., 6 pp. (6) Brief to Commissioner .Mimeo. , 33 pp.ך, of Education, June 1949

Knickerbocker Case Distorted, by Bert Diamond, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Sept. 19, 1949. Discusses an article in COMMENTARY.

Correspondence on the Knickerbocker Case, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Oct. 24, 1949.

Bigotry in the New York City Public Elementary and High Schools. CLSA report, June 14, 1950. Mimeo,, 11 pp.

F. Miscellaneous

Stainback v. Poe. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging a Hawaii law forbidding instruction in languages other than English; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Jan., 19%. Printed, 37 pp.

- 3k - VII. HOUSING

A. General

Qyama v. California. AJCongress "brief in a suit challenging a Calif- ornia law directed~against Japanese residents and forbidding aliens ineligible for citizenship from owning farms; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, March, 194?. Printed, 18 pp.

Bill to create a New York State temporary commission to investigate ׳.discrimination in housing. Drafted! by CLSA, Pec., 1947. Mimeo., 3 PP The same bill, with various sponsors, was introduced annually from 1949 to 1955•

Chicago Jewry Learns a Lesson, by Byron S. Miller, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 2, 1950. Discusses Chicago's Peoria Street housing riots.

Discrimination in Housing. NCRA Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, Jan. 26, 1950.

Proposal for a New York State investigation of the housing blight and the growth of slums! Drafted by CLSA, Nov. 30, 1954. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Metcalf-Baker Bill (S. No. 165, A. No, 130) to create a temporary state commission to study slums. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New York State Legislature, Jan. 6, 1955• Printed (legislative form).

Equality of Opportunity in Housing. NCRAC booklet on general problems of housing discrimination; drafted in part by CLSA, June, 1952. Printed, 68 pp.

Guide to Changing Neighborhoods. NCRAC manual of guidance for dealing with intergroup relations problems in the neighborhood undergoing racial change. Drafted in part by CLSA, Feb., 1956. Printed, 72. pp.

Firsts in Housing Legislation. Joseph B. Robison statement to the Tenth Annual Conference of the National Association of Intergroup Re- lations Officials, Philadelphia, Nov. 29, 1956. Mimeo., 5 pp.

B. Restrictive Covenants

Falk-Andrews Bill (S. Int. 1013; A. Int. 1112) outlawing restrictive covenants in New York State. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in New York State Legislature, Feb. 5, 1946. Printed (legislative form).

- 35 - Jim Crowded. Brochure on discrimination in housing and racial restrictive covenants. Prepared by CLSA, May, 1946. Printed, 4 pp.

Legal Memorandum Suggesting Means of Attacking a Restrictive Covenant Against Jews in Roanoke, Va. Prepared by CLSA, June 12, 1946. Mimeo., 36 pp.

McCormick v. Green. AJCongress brief opposing the enforcement of a racial restrictive covenant; submitted to the Illinois Superior Court, June, 1946. Mimeo., 33 pp.

Model Restrictive Covenant Bill. Drafted by CLSA, Oct. 21, 1946. Mimeo., 3 PP.

Kemp v. Rubin. AJCongress briefs in a suit challenging Hew York State enforcement of a restrictive real estate covenant. (1) Brief amicus curiae (W.Y.S. Supreme Court), Nov., 1946. Printed, 56 pp. (2) Brief amicus curiae (Supreme Court, Appellate Division), Nov. 10, 1947. Printed, 36 pp. (3) Brief amicus curiae (Court of Appeals), May, 1948. Printed, 24 pp.

Shelley v. Kraemer, McGhee v. Sipes, Kurd v. Hodge, Urciolo and Rove v, Hodge! AJCongress briefs in a suit challenging enforcement of a restrictive real estate covenant by the State of Michigan. (1) Brief amicus curiae (Supreme Court of Michigan), Nov., 1946. printed, 51 PP• (2) Brief amicus curiae (U.S. Supreme Court), Nov. 20, 1947. Printed, 28 pp.

Analysis of the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in restrictive covenants cases. יי" .CLSA study, May 20, 19^• Mimeo., 10 pp

American Ghettos, by Elmer Gertz, JEWISH AFFAIRS PAMPHLET SERIES, Feb. 1, I947. Discusses restrictive covenants in America. Printed, 22 pp.

Restrictive Covenants — The State of the Law. CLSA Study, June, 1947. Mimeo., 4 pp.

!The U.S. Supreme Court Decisions on Restrictive Covenants Cases. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, July 15, 1948.

Cirero's Covenants, by Byron S. Miller, NEW REPUBLIC, August 6, 1951• An Account of a race riot in a Chicago suburb. Printed, 3 PP•

Barrows v. Jackson. NCRAC brief, drafted by CLSA, in a restrictive covenant damages case; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, April, 1953• Printed, 16 pp.

- 36 - C. Government - Assisted Housing

Horsey, Dowling and Harper v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. and briefs in a suit to end discriminatory־ Stuyvesant Town. AJCongress rental practices by a New York City redevelopment project. The entire /.; court record, including a separate taxpayer suit brought by Shad Poller, CLSA chairman, is bound in two volumes. The major briefs are as follows: (1) Complaint of Dorsey, et al. (N.Y.S. Supreme Court), June 25, 1947. Printed, 9 pp. (2) Complaint of Shad Poller (Supreme Court), June 26, 1947. Printed, 12 pp. (3) Brief supporting motion for temporary injunction (Supreme Court), July 9, 1947. Printed, 67 pp. (4) Reply brief (Supreme Court), July 11, 1947. Mimeo., 14 pp. (5) Appellants' consolidated brief (Supreme Court, Appellate Division), Sept. 17, 1948. Printed, 67 pp. (6) Appellants' consolidated reply brief (Appellate Division), Dec. 3, 1943• Mimeo., 6 pp. (7) Appellants'consolidated Printed, 72 pp. (8) Brief on .״ brief (Court of Appeals), Feb1948 ,17 petition for writ of certiorari (U.S. Supreme Court), Oct. 14, 1949. Printed, 43 pp. (9) Reply brief (U.S. Supreme Court), Nov. 22, 1949. Printed, 6 pp.

Model municipal ordinance to prohibit racial discrimination in urban redevelopment projects, drafted by CLAA, Sept. 26, 1947. Mimeo., 2 pp.

Seawell v. MacWithey. AJCongress briefs in a suit challenging exclusion of Negroes from an East Orange, H.J., public housing project. (1) Plain- tiff's brief (Chancery Div., N.J. Superior Court), Dec. 22, 1948. Mimeo., 23 pp. (2) Plaintiff's brief (Appellate Div.), Jan., 1949. Printed 39 pp.

Wachtel-Austin Bill (S. Int. 1802, A. Int. 2021) forbidding discrimination in publicly-assisted housing. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New York State Legislature, Feb. 16, 1949. Printed (legislative form). Ultimately enacted as the Wicks-Austin Bill, 1950.

Memorandum Regarding Racial and Religious Discrimination Under the Redevelopment Provisions of the Federal Public Housing Act of 1949. Drafted by CLSA, Sept. 12, 194$. Mimeo., 6 ppl

Model municipal ordinance barring discrimination in publicly-assisted housing. Drafted by CLSA, Dec., 1949. Mimeo., 1 p.

New York Cr'.ty Local Law No. Ill forbidding racial and religious discrimination in private urban redevelopment projects assisted by the city. Drafted by CLSA; adopted by the New York City Council, Dec. 16, 1949• Printed (legislative form).

Brown-Isaacs Bill (N.Y. City Council No. 276) forbidding discrimination and segregation in city-assisted housing. Drafted by CLSA; introduced

־ 37 - in the New York City Council, June 20, 1950. Printed (legislative form). A similar CLSA-drafted hill (Brown-Isaacs Bill, N.Y. City Council No. 301) was introduced Sept. 28, 1950. Ultimately enacted as New York City local Law No. 41, March 14, 1951.

Memorandum of law respecting racial and religious discrimination and segregation in public and publicly-assisted housing in Hew York State. Drafted by CLSA, Dec. 12, 1950. Mimeo., 10 pp.

Davis v. Stuyvesant Town. Brief amici curiae of AJCongress and other organizations in a suit challenging eviction of residents from an urban redevelopment project because they criticized racial rental policy of landlord; submitted to the New York State Supreme Court, Jan., 1951. Typed, 4 pp.

A Victory Over Discrimination, by Joseph B. Robison, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 26, 1951• Discusses the Brown-Isaacs Ordinance barring discrimination in New York City housing and city-assisted housing.

The Story of Stuyvesant Town, by Joseph B. Robison, THE NATION, June 2, 1951. Printed, 3 pp.

Metcalf-Baker Bill (S. Int. 1462, A. Int. 1728) giving SCAD jurisdiction to enforce existing laws against discrimination in publicly-assisted housing. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New York State Legislature, Feb. 1954. Reintroduced and enacted in 1955• Printed (legislative form).

D. Mortgage Insured Housing

Metcalf-Baker Bill (S. Int. 1k6k, A. Int. 1729) barring discrimination in housing receiving Federal or state mortgage financing. Drafted by CLSA.; introduced in the New York State Legislature, Feb. h, 1954. Re- introduced and enacted, 1955• Printed (legislative form).

Memorandum of law on proposed New York City ordinance barring discrimination in housing receiving Federal, state or city mortgage insurance. Drafted by CLSA, April, 1954. Mimeo., 10 pp.

Sharkey-Brown-Isaacs Bill (New York City Council No. 222) barring discrimination in housing receiving Federal, state or city mortgage insurance. Drafted by CLSA; introduced, May 11, 1954. Enacted, July 6, 1954, as Local Law No. 42. Printed (legislative form).

Metcalf-Baker Bill (S. 1186, A. 1488) giving SCAD power to enforce laws against discrimination in housing receiving Federal, state or local mortgage insurance. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New York State Legislature, Jan. 25, 1956. Enacted into law. Printed (legislative form).

- 38 - E. Other Problems

A proposed bill to amend the banking law and the Insurance lav of New York to prohibit discrimination in mortgage financing because of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry. Drafted by CLSA, Feb. 10, 194-7. Revised,' Dec. 23, 1948. Mimeo., 2 pp.

Wachtel-Jack Bill (S. Int. 1801; A. Int. 126) forbidding discrimination in mortgage financing. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New York State Legislature, Jan. 10 and Feb. 17, 1949. Printed (legislative form).

Stevens Bill (A. Int. 2348), a comprehensive fair housing practices law. .CLSA; introduced in the New York State Assembly, Feb. 23, 1949״ by"!*־־Draft Similar bills were introduced in 1950 (Morrltt-Baker Bill, S. Xat, 799, A. Int. 946) and 1951 (Maresca Bill, A. Int. 1684). Printed (legislative ״ (form

Novick v. Levitt and Sons, Inc. Brief amici curiae of AJCongress and other organizations in a suit challenging landlord's cancellation of housing lease because lessees entertained Negroes in their homes; submitted to the New York State Supreme Court, Jan. 3, 1951• Mimeo., 9 PP•

Proposed New York State bill for the suspension or revocation of licences of real estate brokers and salesmen who conspire to engage in racial, religious or ethnic discrimination. Drafted by CLSA, Dec. 24, 1952. Mimeo., 2 pp.

Proposed New York State Fair Housing Practices Act. Drafted by CLSA, Dec. 24, 1952. Amendments to the existing Law Against Discrimination making it applicable to housing. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Metcalf-Baker Bills (3. Int. 722, A. Int. 910 and S. Int. 723, A. Int. 911) forbidding discrimination in private housing. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in New York State Legislature, Jan. 23, 1957• First bill gave enforcement powers to SCAD; second bill left enforcement to aggrieved party. Printed (legislative form).

Memorandum on the Constitutionality of the Metcalf-Baker Fair Housing Practice Bill barring discrimination in private housing. Drafted by CLSA, March 1, 1957. Mimeo., 24 pp.

Sharkey-Brown-Isaacs Bill (New York City Council No. 864, Int. No. 733) barring discrimination in certain private housing; drafted by CLSA; introduced May 21, 1957. Printed (legislative form).

AJCongress statement supporting Sharkey-Brown-Isaacs Bill; submitted to the New York City Council Committee on General Welfare, June 7, 1957• Mimeo., 3 PP•

־ 39 - VIII. PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS

A. Comprehensive Equal Accommodations Laws

Model municipal ordinance prohibiting discrimination by holders of city licenses, franchises or other privileges. Drafted by CLSA, Oct. 27, 1947. Mimeo., 6 pp.

Proposed comprehensive civil rights act (equal accommodations) for New Jersey. Drafted by CLSA; submitted to the New Jersey Governor's Com- mittee on Civil Liberties by the Joint Council for Civil Rights, Feb. 24, 1948. Mimeo., 13 pp. Enacted in substance as the Freeman Bill, April 5, 19^9.

Comprehensive civil rights (equal accommodations) bill for New York. Drafted by CLSA, Jan. 28, 1949; revised, Dec., 1949• Mimeo., 9 pp. (Dec. ed.)

Model state equal accommodations act. Drafted by CLSA, Feb. 14, 1949. Mimeo., 11 pp.

Wachtel-Mahoney Bill (S. Int. 1296, A. Int. 1578) to transfer enforcement of New York State equal public accommodations law to SCAD. Drafted by CLSA; introduced Feb. 2 and Feb. 8, 1950, in the Senate and Assembly, respectively. Printed (legislative form). Ultimately enacted as the Wicks-Reman Law, 1952.

How History Was Made in the State of New Jersey, by Phil Greenwood, THE CRISIS, May, 1950. Describes the campaign to enact the Freeman equal accommodations bill. Printed, 7 PP«

Massachusetts House Bill Ho. 1793- expanding the statutory definition of places of public accommodation affected by state anti-discrimination laws. Drafted by CLSA; introduced, Jan., 1952; enacted, May, 1953• Printed (legislative form).

CLSA draft of proposed Hew Hampshire public accommodations anti-discrimina• tion law, May 26, 1952. Mimeo., 12 pp.

AJCongress proposals to SCAD for enforcement of the Wicks-Roman Law, June 23, 1952. Mimeo., 6 pp.

CLSA model statutory definition of "a place of public accommodation," י י ~ י .Oct. 30, 1952. Mimeo., 3 pp

- 40 - B. Travel

Bob-Lo Excursion Co. v. Michigan. AJCongress brief in a case involving enforcement of the state law against discrimination on excursion boats traveling between Michigan and Canada; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Dec., 19^7. Printed, 18 pp.

Henderson v. United States. AJCongress motion and brief in a suit challenging the constitutionality of racial segregation on trains and buses; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Oct. 17, 19k9• Printed, 37 pp.

American Jewish Congress and Gladstone v. American Airlines. Memorandum of law challenging segregation of Negro airline passengers; submitted to the Queens County, N. Y., District Attorney, Sept. 28, 1951• Mimeo., 13 pp.

NCRAC statement on bills to prohibit segregation in interstate commerce; drafted by CLSA; submitted to the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, May 13, 1954. Mimeo., 11 pp.

C. Restaurants.

State of New Jersey v. James King and Miriam Baker. AJCongress brief in a case involving the arrest of persons picketing a restaurant that refused to serve Negroes; submitted to the Atlantic City, N. J., Recorder's office, June, 1946. Mimeo., 23 pp.

Thompson v. District of Columbia. Brief amici curiae of AJCongress and 21 other organizations in a suit challenging a restaurant's refusal to serve Negroes; submitted to the U. S. Court of Appeals, Nov., 1951• Printed, 67 pp.

D. Resorts and Resort Advertising

Near Christian Churches, by Abraham A. KLugsberg, CONGRESS WEEKtY, Dec. 1, 1946. Discusses resort advertising.

How to Conduct a Study of Discriminatory Resort Advertising—A Suggested Outline for Use by Part-Time Volunteers. CLSA report, May, 1950. Mimeo., 7 PP•

Survey of hotels advertising "near churches" in the N. Y. Times on May 20, 1951• CLSA study, July 9, 1951• Mimeo., 8 pp.

- 41 - A Survey of the Admission Practices of Resorts Advertising "Dietary Laws Observed," CLSA study, Sept., 1951. Mimeo., 3 pp.

The Term "Near Churches" in Resort Advertisement Violates Section 206(a) of the Law Against Discrimination. AJCongress memorandum; submitted to SCAD, Dec• 8, 1952. Mimeo., 9 PP•

E. Insurance and Bonding

Austin Bill (Int. 2956, No. 3105) forbidding discriminatory practices in insurance and bonding. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the New York State Legislature, Feb. 20, 1951• Printed (legislative form).

Proposed New York State Act on Discrimination by Mortgage and Insurance Companies. Prepared by CLSA, Dec. 2k, 1952. Printed, 4 pp.

F. Other Problems

Culver v. City of Warren. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging exclusion of Negroes from a publicly-owned, privately-operated swimming pool; submitted to the Ohio Supreme Court, Dec. k, 19*48. Typed, 19 pp.

New York City Local Law No. 66 (Brown-Isaacs Law) barring discrimination by city-assisted charitable homes for destitute children. Drafted by CLSA; enacted June 2k, 1952. Printed (legislative form).

Rice v. Sioux City Memorial Park. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging the validity of a contract limiting burial in a cemetery to "Caucasians"; submitted to the U. S. Supreme Court, Oct., 1954. Printed, 10 pp.

Remedies for Racial or Religious Discrimination by Hospitals. Chicago CLSA brochure, April, 1957• Outlines legal recourses against discriminatory admission policy by hospitals. Printed, k pp.

- 142 - IX. CIVIL LIBERTIES

A. The Federal Security Program

An Analysis of Executive Order 9835, The Government Employee Loyalty Program. CLSA study, May 8, 1947. Mimeo., 14 pp.

AJCongress statement in opposition to H. R. 5852, the Mundt subversive activities control bill; submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee, May 29, 1948. Mimeo., 5 PP• A similar statement was submitted on June 8, 1949; mimeo., 7 PP•

Civil Liberties Today, by Morroe Berger, JEWISH FRONTIER, Jan., 1950. Stresses the problem of the effect of national security programs on civil liberties. Printed, 4 pp.

Internal Security Act of 1950 (McCarran Act), an evaluation and analysis. CLSA study, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 12, 1951•

The security program under Federal Executive Order No. 10450• CLSA study, Oct. 25, 1954. Mimeo., 7 pp.

AJCongress statement on S. J. Res. 21, a proposal to establish a Commission on Government Security; submitted to the Senate Committee on Government Operations, March 15, 1955• Mimeo, 10 pp.

AJCongress statement on the Federal Employees Security Program; submitted to a Post Office and Civil Service subcommittee, Aug. 22, 1955• Mimeo., 13 pp.

AJCongress statement on the Federal Employees Security Program; submitted to the Commission on Government Security, March, 1957• Mimeo., 32 pp.

B. State and Municipal Security Programs

AJCongress statement on the New York City security questionnaire, April 1, 1954. Mimeo., 4 pp.

AJCongress statement on the New York State Public employees security program; submitted to the Committee on Public Employee Security Pro- cadures, Dec. 20, 1956. Mimeo., 14 pp.

- 43 - C. Legislative Investigations

Lawson v. United States and Trumbo v. United States. Memorandum amici curiae of AJCongress and the NAACP in suits upholding the right of individuals to refuse to answer questions put by Congressional investigating committees; submitted to the U. S. Supreme Court, Oct. 19, !949• Printed, 6 pp.

Case History of a Smear, by Will Maslow, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Oct. 19, 1953• Tells how two dead Jewish leaders were smeared in testimony before a Congressional committee.

AJCongress statement outlining a code of fair procedures for Congressional investigating committees; submitted to the House Subcommittee on Legislative Procedures, Feb. 18, 1954. Mimeo., 15 pp.

The Highest Common Good...Individual Justice. NCRAC statement of guiding principles for legislative investigating committees. Drafted by CLSA, March, 1954. Printed 8 pp.

Fair Procedure In Congressional Investigations: A Proposed Code, by Will Maslow, COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW, June, 195^•• Printed, 53, PP.

Will Maslow statement on fair legislative investigating procedures; submitted to the Senate Rules Subcommittee, July 6, 1954. Printed, 63 pp.

Legislative Inquiries: Abuses and Remedy, by Will Maslow and Phil Baum, WEEKLY, April 30, 1956. Suggests methods of fair procedure for ״CONGRESS Congressional investigations.

D. Wiretapping

AJCongress statement on wiretapping bills; submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee, April 30, 1954. Mimeo., 12 pp.

H.R. 4513, the Celler Bill to regulate wiretapping. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the House, March 1, 1955• Printed (legislative form).

Bills Concerning Wiretapping. AJCongress statement to the House Judiciary Subcommittee, April 27, 1955• Mimeo., 8 pp.

Recommendations Concerning Wiretapping. AJCongress statement to the New York State Joint Legislative Committee to Study Illegal Interception of Communications, Feb. 16, 1956. Mimeo., 10 pp.

Recommendations Concerning Wiretapping. AJCongress New Jersey Region statement to the New Jersey Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate Wiretapping, Nov. 21, 1956. Mimeo., 9 pp.

- 44 - E. Loyalty Oaths

Imbrie V. Marsh. AJCongress brief in a case involving a loyalty oath for candidates for public offices; submitted to the New Jersey Supreme Court, Oct., 1949• Printed, 16 pp.

Green v. Detroit. AJCongress brief in a suit attacking the constitutionality of a municipal loyalty oath; submitted to the Michigan Circuit Court, July, 1950. Typed, 3 pp.

Loyalty Oaths for Tenants of Federal Housing Projects. CLSA study, Feb., 1953• Discusses the Gwinn Amendment to the Federal Housing ״Act. Mimeo., 5 PP

F. Teacher Loyalty Programs

AJCongress statement on proposals for implementing the Feinberg Law (N.Y. Education Law No. 3022); submitted to the New York City Board of Education, Sept. 15, 1949• Urges safeguards to protect academic freedom. Mimeo., 5 PP•

Thompson and Norman v. Board of Regents. AJCongress briefs in a suit the.׳ challenging the Feinberg Law barring "subversives" from teaching in public schools; submitted to the New York State Supreme Court, Oct. 6, 1949.

In the Matter of the Application of Samuel S. Cohen. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging the New York City Board of Education's "Informer Resolution"; submitted to the State Commissioner of Education, Dec., 1955• Mimeo., 3 pp.

G. Freedom of Speech, Press and Association

Collins v. Hardyman. AJCongress briefs in a suit holding the Federal government responsible for failure to prevent private citizens from disrupting a public hearing. (1) Brief amicus curiae (U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals), Dec. 30, 1949• Printed, 31 PP• (2) Brief on petition for writ of certierari (U.S. Supreme Court), Feb., 1950. Printed, 44 pp.

NCRAC reply to questionnaire issued by the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights dealing with the free speech and free press clause of the First Amendment. Drafted by CLSA, Oct. 21, 1955• Mimeo., 12 pp.

Assault Upon Freedom of Association. CISA study, May 31, 1957• Des- orlbes the efforts of Southern states to constrain or destroy the NAACP. Foreword by the Rev. Eugene Carson Blake. Printed, 47 pp.

־ 45 - X. IMMIGRATION, NATURALIZATION AND DEPORTATION

A. Basic Immigration Policy

(1) General

NCRAC statement in opposition to the Gossett Bill (H.R. 3663) proposing reduction of immigration quotas. Drafted by CLSA, March 6, 1946. Mimeo., 13 pp.

AJCongress statement in opposition to a proposed regulation restricting the privilege of temporary sojourn in the United States; submitted to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Feb. 9, 1948. Mimeo., 5 pp.

Immigration — or Frustration? by WiH Maslow (with George J. Hexter), THE JEWISH COMMUNITY, Sept., 1948. Discusses U.S. immigration laws. Printed, 7 pp.

AJCongress statement to the Joint Senate-House Judiciary Subcommittee on the McCarran-Walter omnibus immigration bills, March !5, 1951. Mimeo., 33 PP• Printed in CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, March 30, 1951.

Analysis of House Debate on the Walter Omnibus Immigration Bill, H.R. 5678. CLSA Study, May 8, 1952. Mimeo., 13 pp.

Brief Digest and Analysis of the McCarran Immigration Law (Public Law 414). Drafted by CLSA for the NCRAC, Aug. 5, 1952. Mimeo., 7 pp.

Synagogue Council of America - NCRAC statement regarding basic concepts of U.S. immigration and naturalization policy and deficiencies in the U.S. immigration and natural!zation law. Drafted by CLSA; submitted to the President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization, Sept, 30, 1952. Mimeo., 25 pp.

An American Immigration Policy, by Israel Goldstein, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Nov. 3, 1952. Proposals for a fair immigration policy.

Suggestions for a Model Immigration Bill, drafted by CLSA, Dec. 11, 1952. Mimeo., ITppT

The Commission Points the Way, by Phil Baum, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Jan. 12, I953. Analysis of the report of the President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization suggesting ways to improve the McCarran-Walter Da- migration Act.

- k6 - Report of the President's Commission on Immigration and Naturalization. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, drafted by CLSA./ March 10, 1953•

Proposals for a Model Immigration Bill, drafted by CLSA; submitted to the Washington conference preparing the Lehman omnibus immigration bill, March 13, 1953• Mimeo., 24 pp.

New Omnibus Immigration and Nationality Bills in Senate and House. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin/ drafted by CLSA, Dec. 10, 1953.

The Stranger at Our fete, by Hubert H. Humphrey, Jr., Public Affairs Pamphlet No. £02, prepared in cooperation with CLSA, Jan., 1954. Printed, 28 pp.

A Statement of Principles Regarding American Immigration and Naturaliza- tion Policies, including Some Suggestions for Basic Revision of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. NCRAC brochure drafted by CLSA, March 15, 1955. Printed, b pp.

Analysis prepared for the Legislative Committee of the American Immigration Conference^ containing recommendations for revision of the McCarran-Walter Immigration Act. Drafted by CLSA, Sept., 1955. Mimeo., 40 pp.

Prepared statement of Rabbi Abraham J. Feldman, president of the Synagogue Council of America, to the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Immigration, Nov, 22, 1955• Drafted by CLSA. Mimeo., 12 pp. plus appendices.

Analysis of the Watkins-Keating Bills, drafted by CLSA for the American .Mimeo., 17 pp״ .Immigration Conference, Feb., 1956

The President's Immigration Message. CLSA report, Feb. 10, 1956. Mimeo., 8 pp.

Analysis of Major Proposals for Revision of the McCarran-Walter Act. NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA, April 13, 1957•

Recent Major Proposals for Immigration Legislation. CLSA study, June 19, 1957• Mimeo., 16 pp.

(2) The National Origins Quota System

AJCongress statement proposing elimination of the national origins quota system; submitted to a House Judiciary Subcommittee, Aug. 18, 1948. Mimeo., 37 pp.

- 47 - Proposed immigration law amendment pooling unused national quotas,"' drafted by CLSA, Nov. 16, 1949. Mimeo., 2 pp.

The Racist Immigration Law, by Israel Goldstein, CONGRESS WEEKLY, March 17, 1952. An open letter to Rep. Francis Walter from the president of the AJCongress.

An Analysis of the Racist Origins of the National Origins Quota System of the Immigration Act of I924. CLSA study; submitted to the President' Commission on Immigration and Naturalization, Oct. 29, 1952. Mimeo., 28 pp.

(3) Exclusion of Former Nazis and Fascists

Proposed amendment to the Immigration Act of 1917 to bar advocates of racial or religious persecution. Drafted by CLSA, Feb. 24, 1949. Mimeo., 2 pp.

Memorandum in opposition to the admission of former Nazis under U.S. immigration laws. Drafted by CLSA; submitted to the State Department by the NCRAC, Sept. 23, 1949• Mimeo,, 11 pp.

Memorandum Regarding the Exclusion of Members of the Nazi and Fascist Parties from the United States Under the Provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. Drafted by CLSA; submitted to the State Department by the NCRAC, Dec. 4, 1952. Mimeo., 25 pp.

B. Displaced Persons and Refugee Relief

Proposed amendments to the Displaced Persons Act of 1948. Drafted by CLSA, July 20, 1948. Mimeo., 3 PP• Similar revisions were proposed (.pp .ע) in Sept., 1948 (4 pp.) and on Dec. 27, 1948

Congressional Intent as Evidenced by the Legislative History of Section 4 of the Displaced Persons Act. CLSA study, July 6, 194-9. Mimeo., 6 pp

In the Matter of Maurice and Joseph Bararl. AJCongress brief in a test case to establish the displaced person status of Jews from Arab lands; submitted to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Aug. 30, 1949. Mimeo., 13 pp.

In the Matter of Ephraim Menashi Murad. AJCongress brief in a test case to establish the displaced person* status of Jews from Arab lands; submitted to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization. {Service, Sept. 7, 19!+9 Typed, 20 pp.

. 48 - Senate Resolution 184 for the relief of certain Shanghai DP's. Drafted by CLSA., introduced, May 26, 1950. Printed (legislative form).

Analysis of the 1950 amendments to the Displaced Persons Act of 1948. Prepared by CLSA, June 9, 1950. Mimeo., 11 pp.

An Analysis of the Refugee Relief Act of 1953 (Public Lav 203, 83rd Congress)? CLSA study, Aug. 14, 1953• Mimeo., 6 pp.

The Refugee Relief Act of 1953 — Paper Victory? CLSA report, Aug. 21, 1953• Mimeo., 9 PP•

United HXAS Service testimony on amendments to the Refugee Relief Act. Prepared by CLSA; submitted to the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee, June 6, 1955• Mimeo., 5 pp.

Analysis of Vice President !axon's Jan. 1st Report on Hungarian Refugees and Needed Immigration Legislation. Drafted by CLSA, Jan. 2, 1957• ~ Mimeo., 4 pp. :

C. Naturalization

AJCongress statement on the Judd Bill (H.R. 5004) forbidding racial discrimination in naturalization; submitted to the House Judiciary Committee, April 16, 19*18. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Wixman v. United States. AJCongress brief in a suit challenging refusal of naturalization to a college professor accused of favoring a collectivism economic system; submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court, Nov. 26, 19*18. Printed, 10 pp.

Lapides v. Clark. AJCongress briefs in a suit challenging Section 404 (c) of the Nationality Act revoking citizenship of naturalized persons absent from the U.S. for five successive years. (1) Brief amicus curiae (U.S. Court of Appeals), March 25, 19*19• Printed, 21 pp. (2) Brief on petition for writ of certiorari (U.S. Supreme Court), Aug. 22, 1949. Printed, 22 pp. (3) Petition for rehearing on request for certiorari (U.S. Supreme Court), Nov., 1949• Printed, 10 pp.

H.R. 8268 repealing section *104 (c) of the Nationality Act. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the House, April 27, 1950. Printed (legislative form).

Mendelsohn v. Acheson. AJCongress brief in a suit attacking the constitutionality of the automatic expatriation provisions of Section 404(c) of the Nationality Act; submitted to the U.S. Court of Appeals, May, 1952. Printed, 52 pp.

- 49 - D. Deportation

AJCongress statement on H.R. 2933 forbidding racial discrimination in supervision of deportations; submitted to' the House Judiciary Com- mittee, April 28, 1947. Mimeo., 8 pp.

AJCongress statement in opposition to the Hobbs Bill (H.R. 10) providing for detention of aliens whose deportation cannot be effectuated; submitted to Congress, July 19, 1949. Mimeo., 3 PP•

She Deportation of Aliens. AJCongress recommendations submitted to the American Immigration Conference, Dec, 16, 1954. Mimeo., 4 pp.

Proposed Statutory Changes in Our Deportation law. CLSA study, Jan. 17 > 1955• Mimeo., 13 pp.

Jay v. Boyd. AJCongress briefs in a suit challenging the use of con- fidential information by the U.S. Attorney General in exercising his power to suspend deportation. (1) Brief amicus curiae (U.S. Supreme Court), March 30, 1956. Printed, 30 pp. (2) Joint reply of petitioner and AJCongress (U.S. Supreme Court), April 30, 1956. Printed, 5 pp.

Recasting our Deportation Law; Proposals for Reform, by Will Maslow, COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW, March, 195&• Printed, 68 pp.

- 50 - XI. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

A. Aftermath of the Second World War

AJCongress statement urging relief for victims of racial and religious persecution in the administration of enemy alien property; submitted to the House Judiciary Committee, June-July, 19*16. Mimeo., 6 pp. plus appendices.

Public Law 6J1, 79th Congress, 2nd Session exempting alien victims of racial or religious persecution from the operations of the Enemy Alien Property Law. Based on CLSA draft proposal of Jan. 29, 1946. Enacted, Aug. 8, 1946. Printed (legislative form).

Bernstein v. Van Heyghen Freres. AJCongress briefs in a suit challenging the validity of forced transfer of Jewish property to Nazi officials. (1) Brief amicus curiae (U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals), April, 1947. Printed, 38 pp. (2) Brief on petition for writ of certiorari (U.S. Supreme Court), Oct., 1947. Printed, 12 pp.

Senate Joint Resolution 125 calling for investigation of American policy in Germany! Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the Senate, June 7, 1949. Printed (legislative form). Similar resolutions (S. Res. 260; H. Res. 599) were drafted by CLSA and introduced in the Senate and House on April 17, 1950, and May 7, 1950, respectively.

Memorandum on the Convention on the Declaration of the Death of Missing Persons. Drafted by CLSA, Feb. 28, 1951! Mimeo., 4 pp.

AJCongress statement on the proposed convention establishing relations between the three powers and the federal Republic of Germany; submitted to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, June 19, 1952. Urges safeguards against a resurgence of Nazism or anti-semitism. Mimeo., 13 pp.

AJCongress statement on Senate Resolution S. 2227 (return of enemy assets and award of compensation for war damages); submitted to the Senate Sub- .Mimeo., 8 pp ״committee on Trading With the Enemy Act, Nov. 29, 1955 Urges broader definition of groups to be compensated. Similar statements were submitted on April 20, 1956 (mimeo., 7 pp.), and April 4, 1957 (mimeo., 19 pp.).

B. The Establishment of Israel

AJCongress statement on the rights and interests of American Jews with respect to Palegtlne and restriction of Jewish immigration to Palestine under the terms of the 1939 British Whit•3 Paper; submitted to the Anglo- American Committee' of Inquiry, Jan., 1945"! Printed, 1? pp.

- 51 - Contributions to the Israeli Draft Constitution by CLSA., Oct. 1, 1948. CLSA suggestions incorporated in the Israeli draft constitution. Mimeo., 3 PP•

For Full Recognition of Israel; an analysis of United States diplomatic practice in granting de jure recognition to newly-established governments. Prepared by CLSA, Oct. 11, 1948. Printed, 15 pp.

How Israel Will Be Governed, by Will Maslow, JEWISH AFFAIRS PAMPHLET SERIES, Dec. 15, 1948. An analysis of the Israeli draft constitution. Printed, 32 pp.

A Study of the Provisions of the Israeli Draft Constitution Regarding Civil Rights as Compared With Those in Certain Other Selected Constitutional Documents! CLSA study, March 10, 1949• Mimeo., 24 pp.

C. The Middle East Crisis and the Arab Campaign Against the Jews

The Arab Campaign Against American Jews. CLSA "White Paper," April, 1956, on Arab action against American citizens. Printed, 56 pp.

Senate Resolution S. 298 on preserving the integrity of American citizenship. Drafted by CLSA; introduced in the Senate, June 27, 1956. Enacted with some changes as S. 323 on July 26, 1956. Printed (legislative form).

The Legality of Appeals for Funds for Israel. CLSA study, Aug. 15, 1956. Mimeo., 18 pp.

Memorandum to United States National Commission for UNESCO on Jordan Restrictions Against UNESCO Personnel. Drafted by CLSA, Sept. 13, 1956. Mimeo., 7 pp.

Draft of resolution on Arab discrimination against foreign students and educators. Drafted by CLSA; presented to the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, Sept. 17, 1956. Mimeo., 2 pp.

List of printed or mimeographed materials on the Arab campaign against American Jews, compiled by CLSA, Oct., 1950. Mimeo., 3 pp.

NBA-Sponsored Tours to Arab Countries That Bar Jews. CLSA memorandum; submitted to the Board of Directors Of the National Education Association, Oct. 5* 1956. Mimeo., 8 pp. plus appendices.

Analysis of editorial comment on the Suez-Sinai war of 1956. CLSA study, Nov. 7, 1956. Mimeo., 5 PP•

- 52 - The Elack Record — Nasser's Persecution of Egyptian Jewry. CLSA pamphlet, Jan., 1957• Printed, 40 pp. plus appendix.

D. Human Rights and Genocide

Human Rights: Dill or Agency, by Alexander H. Pekelis, N3U REPUBLIC, April 30, 1945.

AJCongress statement urging ratification of the Genocide Convention; submitted to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Jan. 23, 1950. Mimeo., 12 pp.

United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide! NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletin, prepared by CLSA and the American Jewish Committee, Feb. 3, 1950,

E. The Bricker Resolution

AJCongress statement in opposition to the Bricker Resolution (S.J. Res. 130) to limit the treaty-making^powers of the U.S.; submitted to the Senate Judiciary Committee, May 28, 1952. Mimeo., 12 pp. A similar statement (mimeo., 17 pp.) was submitted to the Judiciary Committee on Feb. 15, 1953* with regard to S.J. Res. 1.

The Bricker Resolution. CLSA study, March, 1953• Mimeo., 13 pp.

The Revised Bricker Resolution. CLSA study, July 2, 1953• Mimeo., 10 pp.

NCRAC statement in opposition to the Bricker Amendment. Drafted by CLSA, May 17, 1955• Mimeo., 7 pp.

F. Other Problems

AJCongress statement on the condition of Jews behind the Iron Curtain; submitted to the Select Committee to Investigate Incorporation of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia into the U.S.S.R., Sept. 23, 1954. Mimeo., 10 pp.

Memorandum on proposed religious restrictions at United States military bases in Spain. Drafted by CLSA, June, 1956. Mimeo., 3 pp.

AJCongress statement opposing State Department restrictions on travel of American citizens; submitted to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, April 11, 1957• Mimeo., 9 PP•

- 53 - XII. INTERGROUP COMMISSIONS

A. Bills Model ordinance to create a municipal conmission on group relations. Drafted by CLSA, Sept., 1947. Mimeo.,"5 pp!

Chapter 21, Sections 49-52 of the Chicago, 111•, Municipal Code, an ordinance establishing the 1-fe.yor's Commission on Human Relations. Drafted by CLSA: enacted, Dec. 12, 1947. MLmeo., 2 pp.

A Bill to Create a Baltimore Commission on Human Relations. Drafted by CLSA: introduced, June 11, 1951. Printed (legislative fonu).

Proposed New York City Local Law creating a commission on intergroup relations. Drafted by CLSA, Nov. 7, 1952. MLmeo., 5 pp.

Sharkey Bill (No. 1166, Int. 1022) to create a statutory commission on intergroup relations for New York City. Drafted by CLSA: introduced in the New York City Council, Feb. 10, 1953• Printed (legislative form).

AJCongress statement on Sharkey Bills. No. 1 and 112 to create a Commission on Intergroup Relations; submitted to the Committee on General Welfare of the New York City Council, Jan. 20, 1955. Mimeo., 12 pp.

Model state human relations commission bill. Drafted by CLSA, Feb. 9, 1955 MLmeo., 5 pp.

New York City Local Law No. 55, drafted by CLSA, to create a Commission on Intergroup Relations. Approved, June 3, 1955• Printed (legislative form).

Statement of CoKmunity Relations Committee of the Hartford, Conn. Jewish Federation, on Parskey Ordinance No. 1950 creating a Commission on Human Relations. Drafted by CLSA and submitted to the Hartford Common Council, Sept. 12, 1955• Mimeo., 12 pp.

B. Programs

A Study in Futility: New York Committee on Unity, by Naomi Bronheim and Howard M. Squadron, CONGRESS WEEKLY, Feb. 5, I95I. Programs of Municipal Group Relations Agencies• CLSA report, Sept., 1952. MLmeo., 8 pp.

Program proposals for the Ilew York City Commission on Intergroup Relations. Drafted by CLSA; submitted by the Hew York Council of AJCongress, Vay 22, 1956. Mimeo., 8 pp.

Memorandum on Local Public Intergroup Relations Agencies. Drafted by CLSA, Ifov. 23, 1956. Includes model ordinance. Mimeo., 10 pp.

־ 55 - XIII. MISCELLANEOUS

,Nathan Goldberg, CONGRESS WEEKLY־ Is the Jewish Birth Rate Rising? "by Dec. 13, 1946.

Opinion of the AJCongress Arbitration Tribunal in Krieger v. Mittelman, Nov. 29, 1950. Report of the AJCongress tribunal which heard the charge that Major Mittelman had killed the 'brother of Benjamin Krieger while the three men were prisoners in a Nazi concentration camp. Mimeo., 5 PP•

Secularizing the Ketubah, by Leo Pfeffer, JEWISH HORIZON, June, 1955•

NCRAC Legislative Information Bulletins. Four brochures, each dealing with a number of subjects; prepared by CLSA, as follows: (1) Roundup of Pending Federal Bills, June, 1946. (2) Bills of Interest in the 80th Congress, March, 1947• (3) Roundup of 1947 State Legislation, April, 1947. (4) The Unfinished Business of the 80th Congress, Oct., 1947.

Three Important Issues, by Leo Pfeffer. Address at the AJCongress Women's Division National Convention, May 6, 1957• Discusses Federal aid for public school construction, the Federal civil rights program and proposals for immigration law revision. Mimeo., 8 pp.

- 56 -