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Willingness to Pay of Ecotourism Visitors Jejak Vol 10 (2) (2017): 350-360. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i2.11299 JEJAK Journal of Economics and Policy http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jejak Willingness to Pay of Ecotourism Visitors Ade Paranata1 , Himawan Sutanto2, Muhammad Mujahid Dakwah3 1,2,3Economics and Business Faculty, Mataram University Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i2.11299 Received: February 2017; Accepted: May 2017; Published: September 2017 Abstract This study aims at analyzing the willingness to pay (WTP) of the visitors in Bird Watching Ecotourism in Lake Meno and the factors that influence the WTP value. The research is located in Gili Meno. The method used is quantitative method. The total samples are 38 obtained by accidental sampling. The procedure of analysis used the Contingent Valuation Method and Logit Model. The results showed that in the samples there are 27 people (77.14%) who are willing to pay (dominated by foreign tourists) and eight people (22.86%) who are not willing to pay with various reasons. The average value of WTP that can be proposed as a reference of environmental service is Rp 39,189. Key words : WTP, CVM, Logit. How to Cite: Paranata, A., Sutanto, H., & Dakwah, M. (2017). Willingness to Pay of Ecotourism Visitors. JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan, 10(2), 350-360. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i2.11299 © 2017 Semarang State University. All rights reserved Corresponding author : ISSN 1979-715X Address: Jl. Majapahit No.62, Gomong, Selaparang, Dasan Agung Baru, Selaparang, Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Bar. 83115 E-mail: [email protected] JEJAK Journal of Economics and Policy Vol 10 (2) (2017): 350-360 351 INTRODUCTION lodging facilities compared to Gili Trawangan and Gili Air. Moreover, Gili Meno is designed as Over the last few decades, tourism a special destination for the visitors who look for sector has become an interesting topic to peace with a natural atmosphere. discuss in the study of development Gili Meno has an area of ± 150 ha with a economics (Holik, 2016). Indonesia is an circumference of ± 4 km island. Geographically it archipelago country that has various kinds of is inseparable from the other two gili, which species and ecosystem (Chairiyah, 2013). located at 8º 20º - 8º 23º LS and 116º00º - 116º 08º Therefore, with the various diversities, the BT. Administratively Gili Meno is included in Gili tourism sector, especially in the region, can be Indah Village, Pemenang District. Gili Meno has a force in order to develop the potential of its own uniqueness. The uniqueness that can be each region. The tourism sector in North found in Gili Meno is a salt water lake located in Lombok Regency (KLU) becomes the the middle of the island, and also the mangrove backbone of the regional economy. The Three forests that are home to a variety of fauna, one of Gili Islands in Lombok is now famous as one which is birds. Hadiprayitno (2000) found 34 of the most destinations that are visited by bird species belonging to 16 families. Later, tourists. In fact, the area is always crowded by Hadiprayitno and Saleh (2001) and Hadiprayitno the domestic and foreign tourists. The region and Abdurrahman (2002) recorded 28 species of is famous as Gili Matra (Gili Meno, Gili Air birds belonging to 12 families. In 2009 the and Gili Trawangan). research was continued and recorded 25 species The swift flow of tourists visiting the of birds belonging to 15 families. region of Three Gili does not only occur on Furthermore, Atmanegara (2010) has weekends and school holidays but almost found eleven species of birds in Gili Meno that every day. Here is the presentation of data on belong to four families. Meanwhile, the following the number of tourists visiting the Three Gili year Hadiprayitno (2010) claimed that he has Islands. Based on the information presented found twelve bird species belonging to five in table 1 above, it shows that the number of families. Atmanegara explained that the species tourists’ visits is dominated by the foreign of birds found did not have too much difference tourists. Overall the number of tourists is with Hadiprayitno's findings. Hadiprayitno 28,000 people. In April the number of tourists’ (2012) explained that the different types of birds arrivals has not been recorded as a whole. found previously are caused by various factors, However, the development of tourists’ visit including the reduction of the lake water that data in Gili Meno is the lowest among the two occurred when the research was conducted. other gili. It is because Gili Meno has fewer Table 1. Tourists’ Visits in Three Gili, North Lombok Regency, until April 2015 Trawangan Meno Air Month Total Indonesia Foreign Indonesia Foreign Indonesia Foreign January 3,704 15,953 1 493 233 7,725 28,109 February 3,127 18,992 20 83 153 7,270 29,645 March 4,092 16,554 11 96 225 7,839 28,817 April - - 9 38 - - 47 Source: Office of Tourism KLU, 2015 352 Ade Paranata et al., Analysis of Willingness to Pay of Visitors In rainy season the volume of water community from both Singapadu Village and increases, while in dry season the volume of from outside the village is quite beneficial water decreases, resulting in the reduction of because most villagers are the art workers and the resources in it (fish). Besides, the their products can be sold around the BPP area. destruction of mangrove forests also triggers Then, Marjuka (2007) conducted a the reduction of bird species in Lake Meno. research at the small island tourism object in Variety of bird species in Gili Meno, Kepulauan Seribu (Thousand Islands) with travel especially in Lake Meno may be the special cost method. The results show that on the attraction for the tourists, so the existence of ecotourism object of coastal area of Kepulauan the fauna needs to be preserved. This form of Seribu, the average willingness to pay is Rp conservation can be tested from the tourists’ 50,641.2 per 1000 people or equals to 23,034 per willingness to pay for the nature tourism visit. The value paid by the consumers is Rp services in Lake Meno that is bird watching. 32,108.69 per 100 people or Rp 14,605 per visit and Besides, the role of Gili Meno community is the consumer surplus is 18,550.43 per 1000 people also considered very important in or Rp 8,429 per visit. maintaining the sustainability of Lake Meno Furthermore, Miandi and Arifin (2010) Bird Watching Ecotourism. According to conducted a research on the development and Ahyadi, et.al.(2014), mangrove forests around management plan of the landscape of Lake Lake Meno have great potential for Kerinci tourism object in Kerinci Regency, Jambi. developing bird watching tourism area. But The objective to achieve is to analyze the existing the Gili Meno people have a great dependence condition of the landscape of that area. The on the mangrove forests, especially for method used is survey method. The results firewood, so that it causes an increase in forest obtained that there are still weaknesses of the destruction. funding deficiencies such as the following: 1) the The future potential development of management and maintenance of the landscape bird watching ecotourism is largely is still low, 2) the condition of are is arid and hot, determined by various stakeholder behaviors. 3) the division of space for recreational activities Therefore, the research becomes very is not clear and 4) the number of managers is interesting because not only seeing the very little. behavior of the surrounding community in A research was also conducted by Suja and maintaining the sustainability of mangrove Budiarta (2012) that aimed at finding a model of forests as the habitat of various species of Lake Buyan ecotourism development as a tourist birds but also seeing the response of the object in Bali. The method used is the contingent tourists related to their willingness to pay for valuation by exploring the individual response the bird watching ecotourism in Lake Meno. about willingness to pay (WTP) per visit. The Darmayanti (2001) conducted a results obtained in the field of the total value research to determine the amount of benefits without the use of Lake Buyan recreational benefits with the Travel Cost ecotourism area as a tourist object depend on the Method and the Contingent Valuation WTP that amounted to Rp 11,646,800 Method approaches. The results obtained that Furthermore, Maria et.al.(2013) conducted the economic impact of the existence of Bali a research on the economic value of ecotourism Bird Park (BPP) for the surrounding of Lake Sentarum National Park in Kapuas Hulu JEJAK Journal of Economics and Policy Vol 10 (2) (2017): 350-360 353 Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The researchers tend to direct the research more on method used in this research is Stepwise the development of bird watching ecotourism by Regression with dependent variable (Y) = visit doing action research with Participatory Rural per 1000 inhabitants, X1 is the total average Appraisal method. The bird watching training travel cost from each zone (Rp / org), X2 is the has succeeded in increasing the knowledge and average visitor age, X3 is the average income skills of Meno Lestari Group in conducting bird (Rp / org), X4 is the level of education (year), watching in the field. A total of 25 species of birds X5 is the length of visit (day). The result is R2 have been well identified by the group. 88,7%. The effect of these four variables is Buaton and Purwadio (2015) examined significant in 95% of confidence degree.
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