DOCSLIB.ORG

TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Data Reveal Our Ocean Planet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TOPEX/Poseidon Altimeter Data Reveal Our Ocean Planet iewed from space, the oceans give Earth its "blue TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data marble" appearance, setting our planet apart from all reveal our Ocean Planet Vothers in the solar system. This cloak of life-giving water that covers more than 70 percent of Earth's surface area controls our planet's climate. Studying the oceans, scientists are using TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter data to learn how heat from the Sun is transported around the globe by ocean circulation patterns. Altimeter data over the oceans are used primarily to determine the sea-surface-height. From this data researchers have an improved understanding of the role of the oceans in the phenomenon known as El Niño, their role in controlling seasonal variations and longer-term climate changes. TOPEX/ Poseidon data are also used for operational purposes, such as monitoring eddies and their impact on human activities and marine life. The radar altimeter sends out short pulses of microwave energy; the round-trip time of the pulses is used to calculate the sea- surface topography. Corrections are made for a variety of factors including the precise satellite orbit, gravitational topography, atmospheric effects and ionospheric effects and tides. Scientists and engineers have worked to improve the corrections with the result that sea-surface height measurements are now accurate to 2.3 cm. Jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the French space agency Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), TOPEX/Poseidon has continuously surveyed the oceans' surface with radar altimeters since launch in 1992. The satellite orbits Earth 4,700 times per year, and engineers are optimistic that the mission will continue to collect data through the year 2000. TE AS SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/tsgc/topex/ Backside Panel 1 from the poster of Technology manages the TOPEX/Poseidon mission for ~ “Rise and Fall of the ’97-’98 El Nino As Tracked By ~ TOPEX/Poseidon” NASA. TOPEX/Poseidon Earth’s Oceans Topography Experiment Objectives • Six-year global view of Earth’s oceans Solar Array Global Positioning System Antenna • Improved understanding of ocean currents High-Gain Antenna (1.2 m dia.) • Improved forecasting of global environment Satellite Bus 3.3 m Highlights Attitude Control • U.S.–France (Centre National d’ Études Module Spatiales — CNES) program Propulsion • Launched August 10, 1992, on Ariane 42P Module 8.9 m launch vehicle Power • Sensors: Module – Altimeters (NASA, CNES) – Microwave radiometer (NASA) Microwave Radiometer 5.5 m Instrument Module – Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver (NASA) Doppler Laser Retroreflector Tracking Antenna Assembly – Laser retroreflector (NASA) (DORIS) Altimeter Wet mass: 2370 kg – Doppler tracking receiver (CNES) Antenna Dry mass: 2160 kg • Orbits Earth at 1336-km altitude, 66- degree inclination ± TOPEX/POSEIDON • 10-day repeat of ground tracks ( 1-km 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 Measurement accuracy) System Launch GPS • Covers 95% of the ice-free oceans every 8/10/92 Satellite 10 days Engineering Assessment Satellite Orbit • Unprecedented accuracy: sea-level Completed 9/24/92 measurements to within 5 cm Radar Altimeter Signal Verification Phase • Has measured sea levels, mapped basin- Completed 2/22/93 Gravity’s wide current variations, monitored effects Influence on Sea Level of currents on global climate change; Prime Mission DORIS Ocean Topography 3 Years Beacon Laser Ranging studied El Niño phenomenon . Station . Extended Mission . TE AS Through 2000 SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/tsgc/ Backside Panel 2 from the poster “Rise and Fall of the ~ ’97-’98 El Nino As Tracked By TOPEX/Poseidon” El Niño As a result, there is little for fish to eat and, in turn, few fish for people to eat. The ocean also affects the atmosphere. With the warm ocean, there is an increase in evaporation and An El Niño is a disruption in the normal ocean circulation that subsequent precipitation over the mountains in that area. affects the weather worldwide. Relatively small changes in The effects of the El Niño reach considerably further than the ocean temperature over large area can make very big changes area surrounding the tropical Pacific; jet streams are altered in the weather patterns. An El Niño is a natural event which all over the world and many places have weather that is very occurs every 5-10 years. The term “El Niño” is used by those different from normal. who fish the waters off the coasts of Ecuador and Peru to refer to the warm current that appears around Christmastime, The change in the trade winds which leads to El Niño has yet causing a decline in the fish population. to be fully understood. The trade winds are controlled by the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean, with sea- How does it work? surface temperature an especially important factor. Scientists are working to understand how and why the trade winds In a normal year, the easterly (westward-blowing) trade winds change so that we can better predict El Niño's. push warm surface water against the western boundary of the Pacific Ocean near Australia and Indonesia, while nutrient- rich cold water wells up along the west coast of South America, helping fish thrive. TOPEX/ Poseidon has tracked this LOW RAINFALL buildup of warm water in the HIGH RAINFALL western Pacific Ocean, which can be as much as 1 meter higher than the eastern Pacific. An El Niño occurs when the trade winds over the equator weaken and even weak trade winds reverse direction, that is, they blow from west-to- warm water east. This allows the warm Indonesia South America "pile" of water normally held against the western shore of the Pacific to move eastward along the equator. When this bulge of warm water reaches South America it moves TE AS north and south along the coast for hundreds of miles. When SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM the warm water bulge is against the shore of South America, http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/tsgc/ ~ the normal upwelling of cool nutrient-rich water is prevented. Backside panel 3 from the poster “Rise and Fall of the ’97-’98 El Nino As Tracked By TOPEX/Poseidon” Activity 1. Color the El Niño 33 4 4 4 44 5 4 4 3 5 4 3 4 3 4 3 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 4 4 5 3 5 0 4 4 7 4 5 3 2 3 2 5 3 5 1 5 4 4 4 3 1 2 5 MAR 97 4 4 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 -30 4 45 90 135 180 225 270 33 4 4 6 3 4 5 5 4 4 3 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 2 3 3 3 5 6 4 6 7 0 4 5 6 5 3 4 2 4 5 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 5 4 MAY 97 3 4 2 5 2 4 3 3 3 -30 3 3 45 90 135 180 225 270 33 4 3 5 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 4 5 5 4 7 5 2 2 4 4 3 4 5 1 2 2 1 0 1 7 7 2 7 2 3 5 2 1 3 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 NOV 97 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 -30 45 90 135 180 225 270 1 = PURPLE 2 = BLUE 3 = LT BLUE 4 = GREEN 5 = YELLOW 6 = ORANGE 7 = RED -20 -10 0 10 20 cm ~ TE AS Backside panel 4 from the poster “Rise and Fall of the ’97-’98 El Nino As Tracked By SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM TOPEX/Poseidon” http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/tsgc/ Activity 1. Color the El Niño (continued) 30 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 3 2 3 2 4 4 5 1 3 3 3 2 7 4 2 6 0 6 3 1 2 3 6 7 7 2 2 5 2 4 3 6 3 4 4 JAN 98 5 3 5 4 4 4 3 3 -30 45 90 135 180 225 270 33 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 4 6 5 5 3 4 3 2 4 3 7 5 4 3 2 5 0 4 1 2 3 5 6 6 3 2 7 5 2 1 4 3 2 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 FEB 98 5 4 5 5 4 4 -30 45 90 135 180 225 270 33 5 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 6 4 4 5 3 4 4 7 5 5 4 6 4 5 6 0 2 3 2 3 5 5 4 4 2 2 3 6 5 1 6 4 6 5 5 3 4 5 2 MAY 98 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 -30 45 90 135 180 225 270 1 = PURPLE 2 = BLUE 3 = LT BLUE 4 = GREEN 5 = YELLOW 6 = ORANGE 7 = RED -20 -10 0 10 20 cm ~ TE AS Backside panel 5 from the poster “Rise and Fall of the ’97-’98 El Nino As Tracked By SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM TOPEX/Poseidon” http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/tsgc/ The 1997-1998 El Niño altered weather patterns all over the globe. Because people and animals pattern their lives on average weather, most of the impacts were negative. Some of the major impacts are listed below: • Severe drought lowered crop yields in regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and South America. Over 60% of Algeria's wheat crop was lost, drought sent food prices soaring in Uganda, 70% of North Korea's maize crop failed with more than 60 rain-free days with temperatures near 90 deg.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1997
    2440 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 127 Eastern North Paci®c Hurricane Season of 1997 MILES B. LAWRENCE Tropical Prediction Center, National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 15 June 1998, in ®nal form 20 October 1998) ABSTRACT The hurricane season of the eastern North Paci®c basin is summarized and individual tropical cyclones are described. The number of tropical cyclones was near normal. Hurricane Pauline's rainfall ¯ooding killed more than 200 people in the Acapulco, Mexico, area. Linda became the strongest hurricane on record in this basin with 160-kt 1-min winds. 1. Introduction anomaly. Whitney and Hobgood (1997) show by strat- Tropical cyclone activity was near normal in the east- i®cation that there is little difference in the frequency of eastern Paci®c tropical cyclones during El NinÄo years ern North Paci®c basin (east of 1408W). Seventeen trop- ical cyclones reached at least tropical storm strength and during non-El NinÄo years. However, they did ®nd a relation between SSTs near tropical cyclones and the ($34 kt) (1 kt 5 1nmih21 5 1852/3600 or 0.514 444 maximum intensity attained by tropical cyclones. This ms21) and nine of these reached hurricane force ($64 kt). The long-term (1966±96) averages are 15.7 tropical suggests that the slightly above-normal SSTs near this storms and 8.7 hurricanes. Table 1 lists the names, dates, year's tracks contributed to the seven hurricanes reach- maximum 1-min surface wind speed, minimum central ing 100 kt or more. pressure, and deaths, if any, of the 1997 tropical storms In addition to the infrequent conventional surface, and hurricanes, and Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    LatIN AMERIca & CARIBBEAN REGION Environment & Water Resources Uncertain Future, Robust Decisions OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES The Case of Climate Change Public Disclosure Authorized Adaptation in Campeche, Mexico Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The Environment and Water Resources Occasional Paper Series was developed under the direction of Karin Kemper, Sector Manager for Environment and Water Resources in the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LCSEN) of the World Bank. The publications in this Series were designed and produced by GRC Direct under the supervision of Emilia Battaglini and Rachel Pasternack (LCSEN). A list of the most recent papers is on the back cover of this publication. For electronic copies of all our LAC Environment & Water Resources Occasional Papers please visit our website: www.worldbank.org/lac Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Vs. Tonameca Tourism, Oaxaca, Mexico” 167
    Rodiles Hernández, S. L. (2013): “World Heritage vs. Tonameca tourism, Oaxaca, Mexico” 167 World Heritage vs. Tonameca tourism, Oaxaca, Mexico Sofía Lorena Rodiles Hernández Universidad del Mar, Oaxaca [email protected] Recibido: 29-04-2013 Aceptado: 27-06-2013 Keywords: Heritage; tourism; culture Palabras clave: Patrimonio; turismo; and community. cultura y comunidad. ABSTRACT RESUMEN This paper deals with the problems of a Patrimonio vs. turismo en Tonameca, community that is thrown into a Oaxaca, México. El presente trabajo tourism project, without being taken trata sobre la problemática de una into account, expropriating land from comunidad que se ve inmersa en un the federal government to expand the proyecto turístico, sin ser tomada en road and then develop a tourism cuenta, expropiando de parte del corridor to consolidate the CIP gobierno federal tierras para ampliar la Huatulco and Puerto Escondido. carretera y posteriormente desarrollar un corredor turístico que permita For explanatory purposes described consolidar el CIP Huatulco y Puerto physically, economically and socially to Escondido. the community of Santa Maria Tonameca , the break points in its Para fines explicativos se describe history from its founding as a town in física, económica y socialmente a la 1921 , its flood disaster 1939 , 2004 , comunidad de Santa María Tonameca, 1997 Hurricane Pauline , his inclusion los puntos de quiebre en su historia in the processes Finally , historical and desde su fundación como municipio en current issues in the integration
    [Show full text]
  • Behind Every Good Team
    -----~ Go Irish ... Beat Panthers Money Problems??? • The Irish hockey team opens its season tonight at home against Western Ontario. a Roadtripping to Pitt or just watching the • Professor Charles Hice asks The game will begin at 7 p.m. in the Joyce game on TV? Cheek out Accent for all the why the University is "robbing Center. Last year's team won the match­ info on this week's Irish enemy. non-wealthy students." up 2-1. p. 12 & 13 p. 11 Back Page Friday, October 10, 1997 • Vol. XXXI No. 35 THE INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER SERVING NOTRE DAME AND SAINT MARY'S .. Ashley: Pleasure ·---·-·------~----- -- ·-·----~·- --------~ Friday Feature -----~ should not be the sole intent of sex By HEATHER MACKENZIE Assistant News Editor "For every Christian homosexual. chaste celibacy is the true vocation." Father Benedict Ashley, Notre Dame alumnus and professor emeritus, presented a theological answer to questions about human sexuality and homosexuality in a lecture yesterday afternoon. In an effort to present a Biblical understand­ ing of homosexuality. Ashley first discussed the Scriptural interpretation of marriage. "Marriage is to be a covenant of love that is both faithful and fruitful," he said. "God created man and woman in marriage to complement each other for these two purposes." 'Heterosexuality is an achievement. The Observer/Kevin Dalum · Every person has the Student managers work at football practices doing everything from assisting coaches, preparing the game field and chance to attain it.· painting the football helmets the traditional Irish gold color. Father Benedict Ashley . Behind every good team ••• Ashley explained that this type of union is not come many perks: managers who purely physical, but also psychological and spiri­ I Athletic managers stay on beyond sophomore year tual: "We arc told in Ephesians that this is a Atypical manager's schedule­ receive at no charge a full wardrobe union of love like Christ's own love for his peo­ I dedicate energy, Thursday before a game weekend of Notre Dame sports clothes both ple." for work and their own use.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Names: a Bunch of Hot Air?
    Weather and Climate Extremes 12 (2016) 80–84 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Weather and Climate Extremes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/wace Hurricane names: A bunch of hot air? Gary Smith n Department of Economics, Pomona College, United States article info abstract Article history: It has been argued that female-named hurricanes are deadlier because people do not take them ser- Received 7 July 2015 iously. However, this conclusion is based on a questionable statistical analysis of a narrowly defined data Received in revised form set. The reported relationship is not robust in that it is not confirmed by a straightforward analysis of 10 November 2015 more inclusive data or different data. Accepted 22 November 2015 & 2015 Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Available online 28 November 2015 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Hurricanes Data grubbing Sexism Jung, Shavitt, Viswanathan, and Hilbe (2014) argue that people depression (less than 39 mph), tropical storm (39–73 mph), hur- do not take hurricanes with female names seriously and are con- ricane (more than 73 mph), and major hurricane (more than sequently underprepared and more likely to be killed. The authors 110 mph). Tropical storms and hurricanes are generally given report that this “hazardous form of implicit sexism” is supported names like Hurricane Sandy, but tropical depressions are not. by their analysis of 92 hurricanes that hit the United States be- Jung et al. (2014) examine a narrowly defined dataset: U.S. tween 1950 and 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • College Voice Vol. 21 No. 4 Connecticut College
    Connecticut College Digital Commons @ Connecticut College 1997-1998 Student Newspapers 10-10-1997 College Voice Vol. 21 No. 4 Connecticut College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/ccnews_1997_1998 Recommended Citation Connecticut College, "College Voice Vol. 21 No. 4" (1997). 1997-1998. Paper 16. http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/ccnews_1997_1998/16 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Newspapers at Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. It has been accepted for inclusion in 1997-1998 by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author. THE COLLEGE "Peer Gynt" to appear in Palmer. seepage 4 A College Tradition Since 1976 Volume XI • Number 4 Connecticut College, New London, CT Friday, October 10, 1997 Special Fall Break Mini-Issue Conn College is awarded funds for long awaited black box theater Courtesy of to share the Arts Initiative with the Box Theater at Hillyer Hall. The College Relations New London community and the 1917 wood frame structure has area's arts institutions," Gaudiani served as gymnasium, chapel, lec- The Kresge Foundation, one of added. "We look forward to work- ture hall, post office, concert stage, the nation's leading philanthropic ing together on campus with lead- bookstore, and today is only par- institutions, has awarded Connecti- ers in the arts in our community and tially in use as a printshop and cut College a $1 million challenge with the citizens of New London in mailroom. In its time, the building grant toward the renovation of building appreciation for the arts served as a venue for appearances Hillyer Hall into a Black Box The- and.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensions of Remarks 6687 Extensions of Remarks
    April 23, 1998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6687 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM replenished her spirit at the Carmel Mission mediately faced the dual challenges of restruc­ Basilica where she was a faithful parishioner. turing both a centralized economy and authori­ HON. RON KIND She cared for her fourteen grandchildren and tarian political system. Unlike the often erratic OF WISCONSIN five great-grandchildren with her own special progression of other post-Soviet nations, IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kind of gentle compassion, providing a model Ukraine has moved cautiously and steadily to­ of humanity that they will carry with them al­ ward a free-market economy and multi-party Thursday , Apr il 23, 1998 ways. democracy. Just last month, Ukraine success­ Mr. KIND. Mr. Speaker, the announcement Her death at the age of 87 was a loss, but fully held its first national Parliamentary elec­ by the House leadership to allow an open and her generous spirit will continue to warm and tions under a new democratic Constitution and honest debate on campaign finance reform nurture the community through the memories recently passed federal election law. Nearly has been cheered by editorials and reform ac­ she has left with us. seventy percent of the citizenry turned out to tivists throughout the country. I, however, am cast a ballot in this monumental election. withholding my enthusiasm. We have been Any transition of this magnitude, however, given false promises before and I will not cele­ RECOGNIZING GEORGE DICKINSON will naturally encounter both progress, as well brate until we actually take part in a truly open as setbacks.
    [Show full text]
  • (Nahrs) Project
    NORTH AMERICAN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE SUMMIT (NAHRS) PROJECT SYNTHESIS REPORT September 12, 2017 PREPARED BY GLOBAL EMERGENCY GROUP Langdon Greenhalgh Engagement Manager Aliisa Paivalainen Project Manager Lorraine Rapp Subject Matter Expert Drew Souders Project Support COMMISSIONED BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS NORTH AMERICAN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE SUMMIT (NAHRS) PROJECT Table of Contents Acronyms 3 Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction to the NAHRS Project 7 1.1 Objective of the Synthesis Report 7 1.2 Subject of the NAHRS Project 7 1.3 Rationale for the NAHRS Project 8 2. Project Overview 9 2.1 NAHRS Project Scope 9 2.1.1. Purpose of the NAHRS Project: 9 2.1.2. Goal of the NAHRS Project: 9 2.1.3. Objectives of the NAHRS Project: 9 2.2 NAHRS Stakeholders 9 3. NAHRS Context 11 3.1 Disaster Research 11 3.1.1 Methodology 11 3.1.2 Findings, Analysis and Scenario Suggestions 12 3.2 Fora Overview 23 3.2.1 Findings 23 3.2.2 Trilateral 28 3.2.3 United States-Mexico Bilateral 30 3.2.4 United States-Canada Bilateral 33 3.2.5 Canada-Mexico Bilateral 38 3.2.6 Events or Conferences 38 3.2.7 Other 39 3.3 Policy Scan Summary 40 4. Recommendations 43 Annexes 45 Annex 1: Disaster Data Sets 45 Annex 2: Understanding UNISDR GAR 49 2 NORTH AMERICAN HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE SUMMIT (NAHRS) PROJECT Acronyms AAL Average Annual Loss CAUSE Canada and United States Resiliency Experiment CBO Customs and Border Patrol CEC Commission for Environmental Cooperation CMP Canada-Mexico Partnership EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council EMCG Emergency Management Consultative Group
    [Show full text]
  • December 2012
    DECEMBER 2012 1 THIS ISSUE ManagEMENT CORNER INDEX Reefer Trends 24-25 REGULARS by Richard Bright Marine Science 4-6 This issue 2 by Ute Schuster A boy’s dream 26-30 by Robert J. Porte From the editors 2 Containers vs. break bulk 7-9 by The Myth Buster Port travel guide 31-32 Management corner 3 Saint Petersburg, Russia The Seatrade Standard 10 Clippings 39 Working with Thermo King 33-35 Fish Potato Run 11 by Kay Henze Crow’s nest 40 by Katrijn Dehaen Sinterklaas excitement at Puzzle page 46 ASA Lines 12-13 the Seatrade offices 36-37 Fleetlist 47 Dover 14-15 Expoalimentaria 38 by James Ryeland by Gert-Jan Speld Two Straits meeting at Moin roads In the picture 16-18 Flowers, a choice of colours 41- 43 mv Coppename by Tom Verlinden 2012 has been a year with a great variety in stories. Major sporting With no big sports events, another four years of Obama, the events alternated with important elections; we added ‘Arab outcome of scientific experiments and rebellions unknown and Spring’ and ‘debt crisis’ to our daily vocabulary; were introduced bestselling books still in the authors’ pen, next year’s slate is blank Superstorms 19-23 Hidden messages in the to a particle called ‘Higgs’; witnessed a sound barrier-breaking still. Undoubtedly, new things are simmering as we speak, like by Howard Posner Seatrade calendar 44 space dive; and saw a very explicit novel called Fifty Shades of there are at Seatrade. by Fiona Schimmel Grey beating all records. A sneak preview into our shipmanagement branch reveals the All this happened against the background of a worldwide financial fleet -and office- wide implementation of the renewed Seatrade collapse that affected all of us.
    [Show full text]
  • The Behaviour of Immature and Female Hawksbill Turtles
    The Behaviour of Immature and Female Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) at Sea Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Vorgelegt von Sandra Storch Kiel 2003 The water was warm. There was plenty to eat. The turtles had everything turtles might need. And they were all happy. Quite happy indeed. ... And the turtles, of course... all the turtles are free As turtles and, maybe, all creatures should be. (from: Yertle the Turtle by Dr. Seuss) Contents 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1 2 STUDY AREAS........................................................................................ 5 2.1 BUCK ISLAND ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 MONA ISLAND ..................................................................................................................................... 8 3 METHODS..............................................................................................10 3.1 SHORT-TERM DATA RECORDERS DK600/602 ................................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Field Season at Buck Island 1998 ...........................................................................................10 3.1.2 Field Season at Buck Island 1999 ...........................................................................................12 3.1.3 Field
    [Show full text]
  • El Niño Impacts
    The 1997-1998 El Niño altered weather patterns all over the globe. Because people and animals pattern their lives on average weather, most of the impacts were negative. Some of the major impacts are listed below: • Severe drought lowered crop yields in regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and South America. Over 60% of Algeria's wheat crop was lost, drought sent food prices soaring in Uganda, 70% of North Korea's maize crop failed with more than 60 rain-free days with temperatures near 90 deg. F. (32 deg. C) • Flooding caused loss of life and road and property damage in central and southern South America. Some locations in central Chile received the amount of their total yearly rainfall in a single day. The increase in rainfall was due to increased moisture picked up over the eastern Pacific Ocean that changed the path of the jet streams. • Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes were dramatically reduced in 1997. This decrease was partly caused by abnormally strong high-level winds that blew from the eastern Pacific across the tropical Atlantic to the Sahel region of Africa. • The strength of hurricanes was increased in the eastern Pacific. Hurricane Nora was the strongest hurricane on record for the eastern Pacific. Hurricane Pauline was also very strong, and it hit Mexico's Pacific resort coast with winds of up to 120 miles per hour. These hurricanes were fed by high ocean temperatures. • Ice storms in eastern Canada and New England caused some areas to be without power for over a month as rain froze on contact with objects such as power pylons, telephone poles, wires, and trees.
    [Show full text]