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The Evidence of Late Antique Syriac Hagiography Di Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony
From Sacred Travel to Monastic Career: The Evidence of Late Antique Syriac Hagiography di Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony In one of the dramatic moments in the conversion of Rabbula – a prominent figure in the Church of Edessa in the first half of the fifth century – Acacius bishop of Aleppo and Eusebius bishop of Edessa led him to the monastery of Marcian and Abraham, two local holy recluses belonging to the Syriac ecclesiastical landscape1. There Rabbula declared his desire to convert to Christianity and to shut himself away, like them. But before entering this new way of life he expressed one desire: To go to Jerusalem and see the holy place and be baptized in the Jordan where Christ was baptized as a model for us2. Rabbula then «entered Jerusalem, prayed in front of Golgotha…, entered the tomb of the Lord and the cave where he was born, and went up to the place of the Ascension… From there he went down to the Jordan; at once he petitioned the priests and recited before them the creed, and they anointed him and baptized him»3. As soon as he was baptized he went back to his city, where he assumed a social position, and appeared as the patron of the poor4. Later on he launched his episcopate career and served as the bishop of Edessa in 411-412 and again in 435- 436, emerging as an opponent of Nestorius and supporter of Cyril of Alexandria. This account narrated in the Life of Rabbula, composed around 440, close to the hero’s own time, offers an intriguing close-up of the social and intellectual elite’s conversion against the background of Edessa’s Hellenic culture at the end of the fourth century and beginning of the fifth5. -
The Church Missionary Society and the Christians of Kerala, 1813-1840
Half-Brothers in Christ: The Church Missionary Society and the Christians of Kerala, 1813-1840 by Joseph Gerald Howard M. A. (History), University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 2010 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Joseph Gerald Howard 2014 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2014 Approval Name: Joseph Gerald Howard Degree: Master of Arts (History) Title: Half-Brothers in Christ: The Church Missionary Society and the Christians of Kerala, 1813-1840 Examining Committee: Chair: Aaron Windel Assistant Professor of History Paul Sedra Senior Supervisor Associate Professor of History Derryl MacLean Supervisor Associate Professor of History Mary-Ellen Kelm Supervisor Professor of History Laura Ishiguro External Examiner Assistant Professor Department of History University of British Columbia Date Defended: August 28, 2014 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract In the 1810s, the Church Missionary Society (CMS) established the College at Cottayam in south India to educate boys intended for the priesthood in the local, indigenous church. While their goal was to help the church, their activities increased British power in the community. The results of CMS involvement included increasing interference of British officials in matters internal to the Malankara Church (e.g., episcopal succession), tacit recognition of the authority of colonial courts to resolve disputes in the church, and the fragmentation of the St. Thomas Christian community. These effects reshaped the church into something more consistent with British Christianity and more subject to British rule. Keywords: British Empire; Christianity; India; mission iv Dedication In memory of M. -
Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol. -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
Dr Sebastian P
Dr Sebastian P. Brock Position: Retired (formerly Reader in Syriac Studies; Professorial Fellow of Wolfson College) Faculty / College Address: Oriental Institute / Wolfson College Email: [email protected] Research Interests: Having started out with a primary research interest in the textual history of the Septuagint, the encounter with important unpublished texts in Syriac led me to turn for the most part to various areas of Syriac literature, in particular, translations from Greek and the history of translation technique, dialogue and narrative poems, hagiography, certain liturgical texts, and monastic literature. Current Projects: Editing various unpublished Syriac texts Greek words in Syriac Diachronic aspects of Syriac word formation Syriac dialogue poems Courses Taught: Lessons Recent publications: From Ephrem to Romanos: Interactions between Syriac and Greek in Late Antiquity (Aldershot: Variorum CSS 664, 1999). (with D.G.K.Taylor, E.Balicka-Witakowski, W.Witakowski), The Hidden Pearl. The Syrian Orthodox Church and its Ancient Aramaic Heritage. I, (with DGKT) The Ancient Aramaic Heritage; II, (with DGKT, EB-W, WW), The Heirs of the Ancient Aramaic Heritage; III (with WW), At the Turn of the Third Millennium: the Syrian Orthodox Witness (Rome: Trans World Film Italia, 2001). Fire from Heaven: Studies in Syriac Theology and Liturgy (Aldershot: Variorum SCSS 863, 2006). The Wisdom of Isaac of Nineveh [Syriac-English] (Piscataway NJ, 2006). (with G. Kiraz), Ephrem the Syrian. Select Poems [Syriac-English] (Eastern Christian Texts 2; Provo, 2006). (ed), reprint (with new vol. 6) of P. Bedjan, Homilies of Mar Jacob of Sarug, I- VI (Piscataway NJ, 2006). An Introduction to Syriac Studies (Piscataway NJ, 2006). -
A200 Orthodox Syrian Church of the East Holy Episcopal
EXHIBIT: A200 ORTHODOX SYRIAN CHURCH OF THE EAST HOLY EPISCOPAL SYNOD Paulos Gregorios Metropolitan Orthodox Seminary, Post Box 98, Kottayam -686 001. Kerala, India Phone : 3526 Kottayam REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE HOLY EPISCOPAL SYNOD ON APRIL 14, 1975 1. This is a report respectfully submitted in response to the Kalpana No. 5/74 dated August 10, 1974 from His Grace the Secretary to the Holy Synod, asking for background information and interpretation on the questions raised by His Holiness the Patriarch of Antioch in his letter 52/74 dated 30-1-74 (paras 1, 4 & 4) and 196/74 dated 15-7-74 (point 1), concerning the throne of St. Thomas and its place in the Malankara Church. We were asked to examine the points biblically, historically and theologically. 2. The Word and its biblical use The word throne is thronos in Greek, kisse in Hebrew, korse in Biblical Aramaic, and kursyo in Syriac. The Hebrew word kisse is used for the seat of authority of a king, prince or judge. Primarily it is applied to the seat of God (1 Kings 22:19, Isaiah 6:1, Ezekiel 1:26, Psalms 11:4,47:8 etc). Pharaoh?s throne is referred to in Genesis 41:40, Exodus 11:5 etc. David?s throne is referred to quite frequently (2 Sam. 3:10, 1 Kgs. 2:5 etc). The Hebrew word kisse is rarely used for the seat of priests. In 1 Sam. 1:9 we see Eli the priest sitting on his throne beside the doorposts of the temple. In Sam. -
Gateway to the Syriac Saints: a Database Project Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent Marquette University, [email protected]
Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Theology Faculty Research and Publications Theology, Department of 1-1-2016 Gateway to the Syriac Saints: A Database Project Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2016): 183-204. Permalink. © 2016 St. John's College. Used with permission. 183 http://jrmdc.com Gateway to the Syriac Saints: A Database Project Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent Marquette University, USA Contact: [email protected] Keywords: Syriac; hagiography; late antiquity; saints; manuscripts; digital humanities; theology; religious studies; history Abstract: This article describes The Gateway to the Syriac Saints, a database project developed by the Syriac Reference Portal (www.syriaca.org). It is a research tool for the study of Syriac saints and hagiographic texts. The Gateway to the Syriac Saints is a two-volume database: 1) Qadishe and 2) Bibliotheca Hagiographica Syriaca Electronica (BHSE). Hagiography, the lives of the saints, is a multiform genre. It contains elements of myth, history, biblical exegesis, romance, and theology. The production of saints’ lives blossomed in late antiquity alongside the growth of the cult of the saints. Scholars have attended to hagiographic traditions in Greek and Latin, but many scholars have yet to Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture Volume 5, Issue 1 (2016) https://jrmdc.com 184 discover the richness of Syriac hagiographic literature: the stories, homilies, and hymns on the saints that Christians of the Middle East told and preserved. It is our hope that our database will give scholars and students increased access to these traditions to generate new scholarship. -
Ancient Syriac Sources on Mary's Role As Intercessor
Syriac Sources C ORNELIA HORN Ancient Syriac Sources on Mary’s Role as Intercessor INTRODUCTION Mariology is an aspect of theological inquiry and a subdiscipline of Christian dogma, to the study of which the Syriac tradition is able to make a solid contribution.1 Ideas and thoughts about Mary and her relevance in the history of Christianity are well represented and beautifully developed in texts written in Syriac, beginning already in ancient Christianity.2 The fourth- and fifth-century poets Ephraem the Syrian and Jacob of Serugh, for example, composed numerous stunning lines of reflective meditations on Mary’s role in the life of Christ. Over the course of the twentieth century, a respectable number of scholars with specialist expertise in Syriac studies, including Ignacio Ortiz de Urbina, Edmund Beck, and Sebastian Brock, have dedicated remarkable efforts to studying and making available to a modern audience through editions and translations important ancient sources that speak of Jesus’ mother in the Syriac language.3 Dominant themes in ancient Syriac mariology that have been highlighted in scholarly studies are Mary’s moth- erhood of the Son of God, her virginity, humility, reception of God’s mercy, purity, and any traces one might be able to identify of Mary being active in the work of salvation or reconciling human beings with God. The theme mentioned last is related to Mary’s role as intercessor. Yet if one defines intercession more narrowly and precise- ly as the activity of a person who intervenes with God for the needs and concerns of human beings and other creatures primarily through prayer,4 Mary’s role as intercessor as featured in early Christian texts in Syriac is not a topic that has been singled out for much sustained attention. -
The Origin of the Terms 'Syria(N)'
Parole de l’Orient 36 (2011) 111-125 THE ORIGIN OF THE TERMS ‘SYRIA(N)’ & SŪRYOYO ONCE AGAIN BY Johny MESSO Since the nineteenth century, a number of scholars have put forward various theories about the etymology of the basically Greek term ‘Syrian’ and its Aramaic counterpart Sūryoyo1. For a proper understanding of the his- tory of these illustrious names in the two different languages, it will prove useful to analyze their backgrounds separately from one another. First, I will discuss the most persuasive theory as regards the origin of the word ‘Syria(n)’. Secondly, two hypotheses on the Aramaic term Sūryoyo will be examined. In the final part of this paper, a new contextual backdrop and sharply demarcated period will be proposed that helps us to understand the introduction of this name into the Aramaic language. 1. THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE GREEK TERM FOR ‘SYRIA(N)’ Due to their resemblance, the ancient Greeks had always felt that ‘Syr- ia(n)’ and ‘Assyria(n)’ were somehow onomastically related to each other2. Nöldeke was the first modern scholar who, in 1871, seriously formulated the theory that in Greek ‘Syria(n)’ is a truncated form of ‘Assyria(n)’3. Even if his view has a few minor difficulties4, most writers still adhere to it. 1) Cf., e.g., the review (albeit brief and inexhaustive) by A. SAUMA, “The origin of the Word Suryoyo-Syrian”, in The Harp 6:3 (1993), pp. 171-197; R.P. HELM, ‘Greeks’ in the Neo-Assyrian Levant and ‘Assyria’ in Early Greek Writers (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation; University of Pennsylvania, 1980), especially chapters 1-2. -
The Syrian Orthodox Church and Its Ancient Aramaic Heritage, I-Iii (Rome, 2001)
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 5:1, 63-112 © 2002 by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute SOME BASIC ANNOTATION TO THE HIDDEN PEARL: THE SYRIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND ITS ANCIENT ARAMAIC HERITAGE, I-III (ROME, 2001) SEBASTIAN P. BROCK UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD [1] The three volumes, entitled The Hidden Pearl. The Syrian Orthodox Church and its Ancient Aramaic Heritage, published by TransWorld Film Italia in 2001, were commisioned to accompany three documentaries. The connecting thread throughout the three millennia that are covered is the Aramaic language with its various dialects, though the emphasis is always on the users of the language, rather than the language itself. Since the documentaries were commissioned by the Syrian Orthodox community, part of the third volume focuses on developments specific to them, but elsewhere the aim has been to be inclusive, not only of the other Syriac Churches, but also of other communities using Aramaic, both in the past and, to some extent at least, in the present. [2] The volumes were written with a non-specialist audience in mind and so there are no footnotes; since, however, some of the inscriptions and manuscripts etc. which are referred to may not always be readily identifiable to scholars, the opportunity has been taken to benefit from the hospitality of Hugoye in order to provide some basic annotation, in addition to the section “For Further Reading” at the end of each volume. Needless to say, in providing this annotation no attempt has been made to provide a proper 63 64 Sebastian P. Brock bibliography to all the different topics covered; rather, the aim is simply to provide specific references for some of the more obscure items. -
Martyrs, Saints & Prelates of the Syriac Orthodox
Martyrs, Saints & Prelates of The Syriac Orthodox Church Volume I Fr. K. Mani Rajan, M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D. The Travancore Syriac Orthodox Publishers Kottayam - 686 004 Kerala, India. 2007 1 Martyrs, Saints & Prelates of The Syriac Orthodox Church (Volume I) By Fr. K. Mani Rajan, M.Sc., M.Ed., Ph.D. First Edition 2007 Copyright Reserved All rights reserved. No reproduction or translation in whole or part is allowed without written permission from the author. Price Rs. 100.00 U.S. $ 10.00 Typesetting and Cover Design by: M/s Vijaya Book House, M.G.University, Athirampuzha Printed at: Dona Colour Graphs, Kottayam Published By: The Travancore Syriac Orthodox Publishers Kottayam - 686 004 Kerala, India. Phone: +91 481 3100179, +91 94473 15914 E-mail: [email protected] Copies: 1000 2 Contents Preface Apostolic Bull of H. H. Patriarch Abbreviations used 1. St. John, the Baptist .................................................. 2. S t . S t e p h e n , t h e Martyr ................................................................................ 3. St. James, the Disciple ............................................... 4. St. James, the First Archbishop of Jerusalem ............ 5. King Abgar V of Urhoy ................................................ 6. St. Mary, the Mother of God ....................................... 7. St. Peter, the Disciple ................................................. 8. St. Paul, the Disciple .............................................................................. 9. St. Mark, the Evangelist ............................................ -
The Apostolic Succession of the Right Rev. James Michael St. George
The Apostolic Succession of The Right Rev. James Michael St. George © Copyright 2014-2015, The International Old Catholic Churches, Inc. 1 Table of Contents Certificates ....................................................................................................................................................4 ......................................................................................................................................................................5 Photos ...........................................................................................................................................................6 Lines of Succession........................................................................................................................................7 Succession from the Chaldean Catholic Church .......................................................................................7 Succession from the Syrian-Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch..............................................................10 The Coptic Orthodox Succession ............................................................................................................16 Succession from the Russian Orthodox Church......................................................................................20 Succession from the Melkite-Greek Patriarchate of Antioch and all East..............................................27 Duarte Costa Succession – Roman Catholic Succession .........................................................................34