The Comet Assay in Animal Models: from Bugs to Whales – (Part 2 Vertebrates)
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PART 2/2. Encl.: SWD(2021) 204 Final
Council of the European Union Brussels, 19 July 2021 (OR. en) 10943/21 ADD 1 VETER 66 ENV 540 RECH 361 COVER NOTE From: Secretary-General of the European Commission, signed by Ms Martine DEPREZ, Director date of receipt: 14 July 2021 To: Mr Jeppe TRANHOLM-MIKKELSEN, Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union No. Cion doc.: SWD(2021) 204 final - PART 2/2 Subject: COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Summary Report on the statistics on the use of animals for scientific purposes in the Member States of the European Union and Norway in 2018 Delegations will find attached document SWD(2021) 204 final - PART 2/2. Encl.: SWD(2021) 204 final - PART 2/2 10943/21 ADD 1 OT/pj LIFE.3 EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 14.7.2021 SWD(2021) 204 final PART 2/2 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Summary Report on the statistics on the use of animals for scientific purposes in the Member States of the European Union and Norway in 2018 EN EN PART C: MEMBER STATE DATA 2018 MEMBER STATE COMPARATIVE TABLES FOR 2018 MEMBER STATE DATA 2018 .............................................................................................. 10 VI Member State narratives and data submissions 2018 ......................................................... 10 VI.1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 10 VI.2. Member State narratives and data submissions for 2018 ............................................... 11 Austria ..................................................................................................................................... -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Biomed Central
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology BioMed Central Research Open Access Lifelong testicular differentiation in Pleurodeles waltl (Amphibia, Caudata) Stéphane Flament*, Hélène Dumond, Dominique Chardard and Amand Chesnel Address: EA 3442 Aspects cellulaires et moléculaires de la reproduction et du développement, Nancy-Université, Faculté des Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France Email: Stéphane Flament* - [email protected]; Hélène Dumond - [email protected]; Dominique Chardard - [email protected]; Amand Chesnel - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 5 March 2009 Received: 10 December 2008 Accepted: 5 March 2009 Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2009, 7:21 doi:10.1186/1477-7827-7-21 This article is available from: http://www.rbej.com/content/7/1/21 © 2009 Flament et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: In numerous Caudata, the testis is known to differentiate new lobes at adulthood, leading to a multiple testis. The Iberian ribbed newt Pleurodeles waltl has been studied extensively as a model for sex determination and differentiation. However, the evolution of its testis after metamorphosis is poorly documented. Methods: Testes were obtained from Pleurodeles waltl of different ages reared in our laboratory. Testis evolution was studied by several approaches: morphology, histology, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Surgery was also employed to study testis regeneration. -
Reconstruction of Past Distribution for the Mongolian Toad, Strauchbufo Raddei (Anura: Bufonidae) Using Environmental Modeling
Reconstruction of past distribution for the Mongolian toad, Strauchbufo raddei (Anura: Bufonidae) using environmental modeling Spartak N. Litvinchuk1,2, Natalya A. Schepina3 and Amaël Borzée4 1 Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 2 Biological Department, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia 3 Geological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia 4 Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China ABSTRACT The use of ecological models enables determining the current distribution of species, but also their past distribution when matching climatic conditions are available. In specific cases, they can also be used to determine the likelihood of fossils to belong to the same species—under the hypothesis that all individuals of a species have the same ecological requirements. Here, using environmental modeling, we reconstructed the distribution of the Mongolian toad, Strauchbufo raddei, since the Last Glacial Maximum and thus covering the time period between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene. We found the range of the species to have shifted over time, with the LGM population clustered around the current southern range of the species, before expanding east and north during the Pleistocene, and reaching the current range since the mid-Holocene. Finally, we determined that the ecological conditions during the life-time of the mid-Pleistocene fossils attributed to the species in Europe were too different from the one of the extant species or fossils occurring at the same period in Asia to belong to the same species. Subjects Submitted 17 February 2020 Biodiversity, Biogeography, Zoology Accepted 27 April 2020 Keywords Ecological modeling, North East Asia, Refugium, Distribution shift, Holocene, Published 5 June 2020 Pleistocene, Toads, Bufonidae Corresponding author Spartak N. -
Salamander Genome Gives Clues About Unique Regenerative Ability 22 December 2017
Salamander genome gives clues about unique regenerative ability 22 December 2017 Molecular Biology. "What's needed now are functional studies of these microRNA molecules to understand their function in regeneration. The link to cancer cells is also very interesting, especially bearing in mind newts' marked resistance to tumour formation." Even though the abundance of stem cell microRNA genes is quite surprising, it alone cannot explain how salamanders regenerate so well. Professor Simon predicts that the explanation lies in a combination of genes unique to salamanders and how other more common genes orchestrate and control the actual regeneration process. One of the reasons why salamander genomes have not been sequenced before is its sheer size - six Credit: CC0 Public Domain times bigger than the human genome in the case of the Iberian newt, which has posed an enormous technical and methodological challenge. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden "It's only now that the technology is available to have managed to sequence the giant genome of a handle such a large genome," says Professor salamander, the Iberian ribbed newt, which is a full Simon. "The sequencing per se doesn't take that six times greater than the human genome. long - it's recreating the genome from the Amongst the early findings is a family of genes that sequences that's so time consuming." can provide clues to the unique ability of salamanders to rebuild complex tissue, even body "We all realised how challenging it was going to parts. The study is published in Nature be," recounts first author Ahmed Elewa, Communications. -
Linking Environmental Drivers with Amphibian Species Diversity in Ponds from Subtropical Grasslands
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2015) 87(3): 1751-1762 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140471 www.scielo.br/aabc Linking environmental drivers with amphibian species diversity in ponds from subtropical grasslands DARLENE S. GONÇALVES1, LUCAS B. CRIVELLARI2 and CARLOS EDUARDO CONTE3*,4 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brasil 2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil 3Universidade Federal do Paraná. Departamento de Zoologia, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brasil 4Instituto Neotropical: Pesquisa e Conservação. Rua Purus, 33, 82520-750 Curitiba, PR, Brasil Manuscript received on September 17, 2014; accepted for publication on March 2, 2015 ABSTRACT Amphibian distribution patterns are known to be influenced by habitat diversity at breeding sites. Thus, breeding sites variability and how such variability influences anuran diversity is important. Here, we examine which characteristics at breeding sites are most influential on anuran diversity in grasslands associated with Araucaria forest, southern Brazil, especially in places at risk due to anthropic activities. We evaluate the associations between habitat heterogeneity and anuran species diversity in nine body of water from September 2008 to March 2010, in 12 field campaigns in which 16 species of anurans were found. Of the seven habitat descriptors we examined, water depth, pond surface area and distance to the nearest forest fragment explained 81% of total species diversity. -
Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians
Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians Compiled by Terbish, Kh., Munkhbayar, Kh., Clark, E.L., Munkhbat, J. and Monks, E.M. Edited by Munkhbaatar, M., Baillie, J.E.M., Borkin, L., Batsaikhan, N., Samiya, R. and Semenov, D.V. ERSITY O IV F N E U D U E T C A A T T S I O E N H T M ONGOLIA THE WORLD BANK i ii This publication has been funded by the World Bank’s Netherlands-Mongolia Trust Fund for Environmental Reform. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colours, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) have contributed to the production of the Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians, providing technical support, staff time, and data. IUCN supports the production of the Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and Amphibians, but the information contained in this document does not necessarily represent the views of IUCN. Published by: Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY Copyright: © Zoological Society of London and contributors 2006. -
Short Note Development and Characterization of Twelve New
*Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for Pleurodeles waltl_final_rev.docx 1 Short Note 2 Development and characterization of twelve new polymorphic microsatellite loci in 3 the Iberian Ribbed newt, Pleurodeles waltl (Caudata: Salamandridae), with data 4 on cross-amplification in P. nebulosus 5 JORGE GUTIÉRREZ-RODRÍGUEZ1, ELENA G. GONZALEZ1, ÍÑIGO 6 MARTÍNEZ-SOLANO2,3,* 7 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 8 Madrid, Spain; 2 Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, CSIC-UCLM- 9 JCCM, Ronda de Toledo, s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; 3 (present address: Centro de 10 Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Rua Padre Armando 11 Quintas, s/n, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal 12 Number of words: 3017; abstract: 138 13 (*) Corresponding author: 14 I. Martínez-Solano 15 Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) 16 Ronda de Toledo, s/n 17 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain 18 Phone: +34 926 295 450 ext. 6255 19 Fax: +34 926 295 451 20 Email: [email protected] 21 22 Running title: Microsatellite loci in Pleurodeles waltl 23 1 24 Abstract 25 Twelve novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the 26 Iberian Ribbed Newt, Pleurodeles waltl (Caudata, Salamandridae). The distribution of 27 this newt ranges from central and southern Iberia to northwestern Morocco. 28 Polymorphism of these novel loci was tested in 40 individuals from two Iberian 29 populations and compared with previously published markers. The number of alleles 30 per locus ranged from two to eight. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 31 0.13 to 0.57 and from 0.21 to 0.64, respectively. -
Unusual Primitive Heteromorphic ZZ/ZW Sex Chromosomes
Hereditas 144: 206Á212 (2007) Unusual primitive heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in Proceratophrys boiei (Anura, Cycloramphidae, Alsodinae), with description of C-Band interpopulational polymorphism FERNANDO ANANIAS1,A´ LVARO DHIMAS S. MODESTO2, SAMANTHA CELI MENDES2 and MARCELO FELGUEIRAS NAPOLI3 1Curso de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Sa˜o Francisco (USF), Braganc¸a Paulista, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil 2Curso de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Universidade Braz Cubas (UBC), Mogi das Cruzes, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil 3Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Ananias, F., Modesto, A. D. S., Mendes, S. C. and Napoli, M. F. 2007. Unusual primitive heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in Proceratophrys boiei (Anura, Cycloramphidae, Alsodinae), with description of C-Band interpopulational polymorphism. * Hereditas 144: 206Á212. Lund, Sweden. eISSN 1601-5223. Received August 6, 2007. Accepted September 20, 2007 We performed cytogenetic analyses on specimens from three population samples of Proceratophrys boiei from southeastern and northeastern Brazil. We stained chromosomes of mitotic and meiotic cells with Giemsa, C-banding and Ag-NOR methods. All specimens of P. boiei presented a karyotype with a full chromosome complement of 2n22, metacentric and submetacentric. We observed the secondary constriction within the short arm of pair 8, which was in the same position of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR). NOR heteromorphism was observed within two specimens from the municipality of Mata de Sa˜oJoa˜o (northeastern Bahia State). The C-banding evidenced an unusual heterochromatic pattern in the genome of P. boiei. In the southernmost population samples (Sa˜o Paulo State), we observed large blocks of heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes, whereas the northernmost samples (Bahia State) presented a small amount of constitutive heterochromatin. -
A Guide to the Amphibians of Beijing Compiled by R Nicolas LOU, ZHANG Junduo and Ben WIELSTRA
A Guide to the Amphibians of Beijing Compiled by R Nicolas LOU, ZHANG Junduo and Ben WIELSTRA Last update 28 March 2018 Cover photo: Boreal Digging Frog (Kaloula borealis), 11 June 2016 (Xing Chao) A GUIDE TO THE AMPHIBIANS OF BEIJING !1 Introduction This guide is one of a series about the wildlife that can be found in China’s capital city. It has been compiled by R Nicolas LOU, ZHANG Junduo and Ben WIELSTRA for Birding Beijing. The format follows the other guides in providing the English name, scientific name, Chinese name and the pinyin (pronunciation of the Chinese) and follows the order and taxonomy of “Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an online reference” by Darrel R Frost (see http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/). Photos of different stages of the life-cycle are included where available. If you have any information that can help to improve this guide, please contact Birding Beijing on email - [email protected]. Thank you. A GUIDE TO THE AMPHIBIANS OF BEIJING !2 The Amphibians Frogs and Toads 1. Asiatic Toad - Bufo gargarizan - 中华⼤蟾蜍 - Zhong Hua Da Chan Chu Asiatic Toad, 16 August 2016 (Chen Wei) Asiatic Toad, amplexus, 23 March 2018 (Ben Wielstra) A GUIDE TO THE AMPHIBIANS OF BEIJING !3 Asiatic Toad, spawn, 24 March 2018 (Ben Wielstra) Asiatic Toad, tadpoles, 21 April 2017 (Yu Yalun) A GUIDE TO THE AMPHIBIANS OF BEIJING !4 2. Mongolian Toad - Strauchbufo raddei - 花背蟾蜍 - Hua Bei Chan Chu Mongolian Toad, 20 April 2014 (Chen Wei) Mongolian Toad, 21 July 2015 (Zhang Junduo) A GUIDE TO THE AMPHIBIANS OF BEIJING !5 3. -
Cfreptiles & Amphibians
WWW.IRCF.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 27(2):154–160 • AUG 2020 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES A Herpetofaunal. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: Survey of Northwestern On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Mongolia. The Shared History ofwith Treeboas (Corallus the grenadensis) andFirst Humans on Grenada: Country Record of A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 theRESEARCH Moorfrog, ARTICLES Rana arvalis Nilsson 1842 . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 Munkhbaatar .MunkhbayarThe Knight Anole1 (,Anolis Terbish equestris Khayankhyarvaa) in Florida 2, Onolragchaa Ganbold1, Zoljargal Purevdorj3, Burnee Mundur4, .............................................GurragchaaBrian J. Camposano, Jargalsaikhan Kenneth L. Krysko,1, and Kevin Munkhbayar M. Enge, Ellen M. Khorloo Donlan, and1 Michael Granatosky 212 1 DepartmentCONSERVATION of Biology, Mongolian ALERT National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ([email protected]) . World’s2 DepartmentMammals in Crisis of Biology, .............................................................................................................................. -
How Do Adult Songbirds Learn New Sounds? Using Neuromodulators to Probe the Function of the Auditory Association Cortex
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses July 2020 How Do Adult Songbirds Learn New Sounds? Using Neuromodulators to Probe the Function of the Auditory Association Cortex Matheus Macedo-Lima University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Behavioral Neurobiology Commons, Comparative and Evolutionary Physiology Commons, Endocrinology Commons, Evolution Commons, Laboratory and Basic Science Research Commons, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Commons, and the Systems Neuroscience Commons Recommended Citation Macedo-Lima, Matheus, "How Do Adult Songbirds Learn New Sounds? Using Neuromodulators to Probe the Function of the Auditory Association Cortex" (2020). Doctoral Dissertations. 1947. https://doi.org/10.7275/17542388 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1947 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HOW DO ADULT SONGBIRDS LEARN NEW SOUNDS? USING NEUROMODULATORS TO PROBE THE FUNCTION OF THE AUDITORY ASSOCIATION CORTEX A Dissertation Presented by MATHEUS MACEDO-LIMA Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2020 Neuroscience & Behavior Program © Copyright by Matheus Macedo-Lima 2020 All Rights Reserved HOW DO ADULT SONGBIRDS LEARN NEW SOUNDS? USING NEUROMODULATORS TO PROBE THE FUNCTION OF THE AUDITORY ASSOCIATION CORTEX A Dissertation Presented by MATHEUS MACEDO-LIMA Approved as to style and content by: _________________________________________ Luke Remage-Healey, Chair _________________________________________ Joseph F. -
Advanced Microinjection Protocol for Gene Manipulation Using the Model
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 63: 281-286 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.180297th www.intjdevbiol.com Advanced microinjection protocol for gene manipulation using the model newt Pleurodeles waltl TOSHINORI HAYASHI*,1,2,3, MIE NAKAJIMA1, MITSUKI KYAKUNO1,2,3, KANAKO DOI1, IKUMI MANABE1, SHOUHEI AZUMA1 and TAKASHI TAKEUCHI1 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan, 2Graduate school of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan and 3Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan. ABSTRACT Urodele amphibian newts have an outstanding history as experimental animals in various research fields such as developmental biology and regeneration biology. We have reported a model experimental system using the Spanish newt, Pleurodeles waltl, and it enables reverse/ molecular genetics through gene manipulation. Microinjection is one of the core techniques in gene manipulation in newts. In the present study, we examined the conditions of the microinjection method, such as egg preparation, de-jelly solution, and formulation of injection medium. We have successfully optimized the injection protocol for P. waltl newts, and our improved protocol is more efficient and lower in cost than previous methods. This protocol can be used for the microinjection of plasmid DNA with I-SceI or mRNA, as well as genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. This protocol will facilitate research through gene manipulation in newts. KEY WORDS: newt, microinjection, regeneration, transgenesis, genome editing Introduction properties of newts, Gallien and his colleagues found out outstand- ing properties of P. waltl as an experimental animal. After then, Urodele amphibian newts have an outstanding history as an P.