DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematics of the Monodelphic Species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina) with Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematics of the Monodelphic Species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina) with Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species R Trichodoridae Taxonomy: Rodriguez-M., Bell 141 examined and found to have the vulva as a chodoridae, pp. 103-127. in F. Lamberti, C. E. short transverse slit. Taylor, and J. W. Seinhorst, eds. Nematode vectors of plant viruses. Plenum Press, Females of the subgenera of Paratri- London and New York. chodorus can be characterized on the basis 5. RAZJIVIN, A. A. and G. PENTON. 1975. A of vulva shape as follows: Nanidorus with new species of the genus Trichodorus (Nema- a short transverse slit, Paratrichodorus with toda) from the rhizosphere of the sugar cane in Cuba. Zoo. Zh. 54:1082-1083. (Russian a short longitudinal slit, and Atlantadorus with English abstract) with a pore-like opening. 6. RODRIGUEZ-M., R., S. A. SHER, and M. R. SIDDIQI. 1978. Systematics of the monodel- LITERATURE CITED phic species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: 1. ALLEN, M. W. 1957. A review of the nematode Diphtherophorina) with descriptions of a new genus Trichodorus with descriptions of ten genus and four new species. J. Nematol. 10: new species. Nematologica 2:32-62. 141-152. 2. CLARK, W. C. 1963. A new species of Tri- 7. SHER, S. A., A. H. BELL, and R. RODRIGUEZ- chodorus (Nematoda: Enoplida) from West- M. 1977. The face view of Trichodoridae. J. land, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Sci. 6:414-417. Nematol. 9:254-256. 3. COBB, N. A. 1913. New nematode genera found 8. SIDDIQI, M. R. 1973. Systematics of the inhabiting freshwater and non-brackish soils. genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3:432-444. Dorylaimida) with descriptions of three new 4. LOOF, P. A. A. 1975. Taxonomy of Tri- species. Nematologica 19:259-278. Systematics of the Monodelphic Species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina) With Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species R. RODRIGUEZ-M., 1 S. A. SHER,2 and M. R. SIDDIQI ~ Abstract: I"o show the relationship of the monodelphic species of Trichodoridae with the nominal taxa, the genus Monotrichodorus is redefined, with the addititm of one new species. The new genus Allotrichodorus is proposed on the basis of new species found in Brazi.1; and one new species is described in the genus Paratrichodorus. Key Words: Taxonomy; Trichodoridae; Monotrichodorus monohystera; M. vangundyi; Allotrichodorus campanullatus; A. guttatus; Paratrichodorus (N O westindicus. The first monodelphic species of Tri- although it was reinstated in Loof's com- chodorus Cobb, 1913, described from prehensive paper on the taxonomy of Venezuela, was named Trichodorus mono- Trichodoridae (6). Andrassy (2), with hystera Allen, 1957 (1). The female of this abbreviated explanation, proposed the species was distinguished by a single out- genus Monotrichodorus on the basis of T. stretched anterior ovary, lower position of monohystera. The uncertainty regarding the vulva, and two pairs of lateral body the taxonomic position of this group pores near the vulval level (1). Loaf (4) and the incomplete description given by mentioned some discrepancies in Allen's Andrassy provided the impetus for this description for specimens which he col- work oil the monodelphic species of this lected in Venezuela. important plant-parasitic taxon. Siddiqi (8) tentatively excluded T. The specimens used in this study are monohystera from the genus Trichodorus, primarily from the nematode survey col- lection held at the University of California, Riverside and Davis, California, USA. All Received for publication 13 October 1976. observations were made on specimens fixed Z, 2Department of Nematology, University of California, in 5% formalin and permanently mounted Riverside, California 92521. Present Address (Senior Author): Colegio de Postgraduados, Escuela Nacional de in glycerin. Some observations were made Agricultura, Chapingo, Mexico. with SEM following the technique of Sher *Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, The White House, 103 St. Peter's St., St. Albans, Hefts., England. and Bell (7). 142 Journal of Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978 Monotrichodorus Andrassy, 1976 9 ~ 3: L = 0.67-0.90 ram; a = 19-24; b = 4-5; c --- 70-90; T = 60-68; onchiostyle Diagnosis (Expanded): Trichodoridae. = 43-48 #m; spicules = 51-59 p.m; guber- Cuticle not swollen after fixation. Dorsal naculum = 10-13 btm. esophageal gland nucleus anterior to, and San Salvador 6 9 2 : L = 0.82-0.94 (0.87) the same size as, the posterior subventral mm; a = 18-22 (20); b = 4.5-5.2 (4.8); c = gland nuclei. Esophagus not overlapping anus subterminal; V = 80-83; onchiostyle intestine. = 48-53 t~m. Female: Gonad monodelphic, prodel- Fe'male: Body slightly curved ventrally. phic, with flexure at the oviduct; postvulvar Cuticle not swollen after fixation. Post- uterine sac present. Vagina anteriorly vulvar uterine sac less than one body-width directed, more than one-half body-width, in length. Gonad single, prodelphic, with with strong musculature and prominent ttexure at oviduct. Spermatheca round, cuticularization. Lateral advulvar body usually filled with round sperm. Paired pores present. Vulva a transverse slit at lateral vulvar body pores; right pore slightly about 80% of body length. Single caudal posterior to vulva, left pore less than one pore present. body-width anterior to vulva. Vagina elon- Male: Spicules long and slender, cylin- gated, slanted anteriorly with conspicuous drical, with bristles; a longitudinal septum cuticularization. Vulva a transverse slit. running from the head-shaft junction to Anus subterminal. Caudal pore single, near the distal end, opening terminal; fine terminal. transverse striae present along most of Male: Body slightly curved ventrally. spicule length. Copulatory muscles promi- One ventral cervical papilla immediately nent, elongate to oval. Three ventromedian anterior to excretory pore, absent in one supplements, at least one anterior to specimen. Paired lateral cervical pores retracted spicule, posterior supplement near slightly posterior to excretory pore. Three cloaca. Paired ventrolateral postcloacal ventrornedian supplementary papillae, only papillae present. Single subterminal caudal one within range of retracted spicules. pore. Single ventral cervical papilla anterior Spicules arcuated, cephalated, bearing to excretory pore. bristles. Gubernaculum linear. Caudal pore Type species: Monotrichodorus mono- subterminal. hystera (Allen, 1957)Andrassy, 1976. In addition to paratypes that have been Syn. Trichodorus monohystera Allen, studied and illustrated, this species has been 1957 identified from soil around sugar cane, San Other species: Monotrichodorus van- Salvador; soil around banana, Esquinas, gundyi n. sp. Costa Rica; and soil around Solarium sp. Diagnosis: Monotrichodorus can be and AUstroameria sp., Cordillera Blanca distinguished from Trichodorus, the most (3,900 m), Peru. Only females and juveniles closely related genus, by the anterior posi- were present in the few specimens available tion of the dorsal esophageal gland nucleus, from those localities. the monodelphic females with posterior vulva and anteriorly directed vagina; in the Monotrichodorus vangundyi n. sp. male by the long slender cephalated Fig. 2 spicules, fusion o~ outlet of caudal pores, and prominent elongate to oval copulatory Measurements: Paratypes 20 9 9: L = muscles. 0.65-0.81 (0.72)mm; a = 15.5-22.0 (19.5); b = 3.5-5.8 (4.6); c = anus subterminal; Monotrichodorus monohystera (Allen, V = 82.3-85.6 (83.8); onchiostyle = 48-57 1957) Andrassy, 1976 (53) ~m. Syn. Trichodorus monohystera Allen, Paratypes: 20 d dr: L --- 0.67-0.83 (0.73) 1957 mm; a = 18-24 (22); b = 4.3-5.7 (4.6); c = Fig. 1 60-80 (66.6); T = 57-70 (62.2); onchiostyle Measurements: (After Allen, 1957) = 49-56 (53)~m; spicules = 50-57 (54) 10 9 9: L --- 0.61-0.90 mm; a = 15-23; b = ~tm; gubernaculum = 13-16 (14) t~m. 4.2-4.5; c = anus subterrninal; V = 77-83; Holotype ~: L = 0.78 ram; a = 21.6; onchiostyle = 45-52 t~m. b = 4.9; c = 80; T = 57; onchiostyle = Monodelphic Trichodoridae: Rodriguez-M. et al. 14~ ,,:3 .':'5 -:.i':.':,~.~ .~,:. '-~. i., ~ .~ ...'~...~i II I.: .~ . ,~"..:, :;~' .,'J: // q.:.~ .a2~l ~: .~£'-,~ .: " . I {~:L ' .~.kl .. ' • I1,,: :: ;i ,~'~' :. :-." .: :':.~~ ~:-:!~ " < .. ' "/-:i F .... ~'.?,: " .." .~:u.!' "~ '" "'i'~I E 0.1 mm ~.!~} .".: .. :'..\ ::..'.:£ ,:8". ,':."::1 .... '~" ~!~.'" ~/::} :~.~ ..... .£"1 G 5 . ;:e' i ;, ." : L A,B,C,D,F,G, 0.03 mm FIG. 1-(A-G). Monotrichodorus monohystera. A) Female esophageal region (Paratype). B) Male esopha- geal region (Paratype). C) Male posterior region (Paratype). D) Spicule E) Female gonad (Paratype). F) Vagina and related structures. G) Female poster/or region. 144 Journal of Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978 D ! l!i~i ii~j F :) A 0.08 mm B-I 0.03 mm Monodelphic Trichodoridae: Rodriguez-M. et al. 145 55 /~m; spicule = 53 ~,m; gubernaculum = fled as Monotrichodorus vangundyi were 17/,m. Body slightly curved ventrally, more found near the type locality around citrus abruptly curved posteriorly. Cuticle not and banana, and in native forest soils; in swollen after fixation. Excretory pore at 95 Rio Corutu riverbed soil, Puerto Armuel- ~m (94 ~ 5/~m in paratypes) from anterior les, Panama; and around roots of Ceiba end. Paired lateral cervical pores immedi- pentandra (L.) Gaert, Barro Colorado ately posterior to excretory pore. Ventral Island, Panama. cervical papilla 87 /zm (89.3 ± 4.4 t~m in Diagnosis: Monotrichodorus vangundyi paratypes) fi'om anterior end. Onchiostyle n. sp. can be recognized by the position of tip 25 ~m. Collar 30 ,~m from anterior end. male supplementary papillae. M. mono- Three ventromedian supplementary papil- hystera has only the posterior supplement lae, 55, 36, and 9 ~m from cloaca. Spicules within the range of the retracted spicules, conspicuously cephalated, slender, slightly whereas M. vangundyi has the middle and curved ventrally; protruding setae evident posterior supplements within spicular along the proximal two-thirds of protracted range. Females of M. vangundyi differ by spicules, distal third smooth. Gubernaculum position of lateral cervical pores. almost linear. dllotype Q: L = 0.76 ram; a = 20; b = 4.3; V = 86; onchiostyle = 55 /~m. Body ,'lllotrichodorus n.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: a Review
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.8, No.1, 2018 Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: A Review Misgana Mitiku Department of Plant Pathology, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Jinka, Agricultural Research Center, Jinka, Ethiopia Abstract Nowhere will the need to sustainably increase agricultural productivity in line with increasing demand be more pertinent than in resource poor areas of the world, especially Africa, where populations are most rapidly expanding. Although a 35% population increase is projected by 2050. Significant improvements are consequently necessary in terms of resource use efficiency. In moving crop yields towards an efficiency frontier, optimal pest and disease management will be essential, especially as the proportional production of some commodities steadily shifts. With this in mind, it is essential that the full spectrums of crop production limitations are considered appropriately, including the often overlooked nematode constraints about half of all nematode species are marine nematodes, 25% are free-living, soil inhabiting nematodes, I5% are animal and human parasites and l0% are plant parasites. Today, even with modern technology, 5-l0% of crop production is lost due to nematodes in developed countries. So, the aim of this work was to review some agricultural nematodes genera, species they contain and their management methods. In this review work the species, feeding habit, morphology, host and symptoms they show on the effected plant and management of eleven nematode genera was reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Paratrichodorus Minor Is a Highly Polyphagous Plant Pest, Generally Found in Tropical Or Subtropical Soils
    CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Paratrichodorus minor copyright CSL, 2008 CSL PEST RISK ANALYSIS FOR Paratrichodorus minor Abstract/ Summary Paratrichodorus minor is a highly polyphagous plant pest, generally found in tropical or subtropical soils. It has entered the UK in growing media associated with palm trees and is most likely to establish on ornamental plants grown under protection. There is a moderate likelihood of the pest establishing outdoors in the UK through the planting of imported plants in gardens or amenity areas. However there is a low likelihood of the nematode spreading from such areas to commercial food crops, to which it presents a small risk of economic impact. P. minor is known to vector the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), which affects potatoes, possibly strains that are not already present in the UK, but the risk of the nematode entering in association with seed potatoes is low. Overall the risk of P. minor to the UK is rated as low. STAGE 1: PRA INITIATION 1. What is the name of the pest? Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974 Nematode: Trichodoridae Synonyms: Paratrichodorus christiei (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1974 Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus) christiei (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1974 Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus) minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974 Trichodorus minor Colbran, 1956 Trichodorus christiei Allen, 1957 Nanidorus minor (Colbran, 1956) Siddiqi, 1974 Nanidorus christiei (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1974 Trichodorus obesus Razjivin & Penton, 1975 Paratrichodorus obesus (Razjivin & Penton, 1975) Rodriguez-M. & Bell, 1978. Paratrichodorus (Nanidorus) obesus (Razjivin & Penton, 1975) Rodriguez-M. & Bell, 1978. Common names: English: a stubby-root nematode. References: Decraemer, 1995 In Europe there has been some confusion between P.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of Stubby Root Nematode, Paratrichodorus Teres (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Iran
    Australasian Plant Dis. Notes (2014) 9:131 DOI 10.1007/s13314-014-0131-4 First report of stubby root nematode, Paratrichodorus teres (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Iran R. Heydari & Z. Tanha Maafi & F. Omati & W. Decraemer Received: 8 October 2013 /Accepted: 20 March 2014 /Published online: 4 April 2014 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2014 Abstract During a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in fruit Trichodorus, Nanidorus and Paratrichodorus are natural tree nurseries in Iran, a species of the genus Paratrichodorus vectors of the plant Tobraviruses occurring worldwide from the family Trichodoridae was found in the rhizosphere of (Taylor and Brown 1997; Decraemer and Geraert 2006). apricot seedlings in Shahrood, central Iran, then subsequently in Eight species of the Trichodoridae family have so far been Karaj orchards. Morphological and morphometric characters of reported from Iran: Trichodorus orientalis (De Waele and the specimens were in agreement with P. teres.TheD2/D3 Hashim 1983), T. persicus (De Waele and Sturhan 1987), expansion fragment of the large subunit (LSU) of rRNA gene T. gilanensis, T. primitivus, Paratrichodorus porosus, P. of the nematode was also sequenced. P. teres is considered an tunisiensis (Maafi and Decraemer 2002), T. arasbaranensis economically important species in agricultural crop, worldwide. (Zahedi et al. 2009)andP. mi no r (now Nanidorus minor) This is the first report of the occurrence of P. teres in Iran. (Pourjam et al. 2011). Several species were detected in a survey conducted on Keywords Apricot . Fruit tree nursery . Iran . plant-parasitic nematodes in fruit tree nurseries. Among Paratrichodorus teres them, a nematode population belonging to Trichodoridae was observed in the rhizosphere of apricot seedlings in Shahroood, Semnan province, central Iran, that was sub- Trichodorid nematodes are root ectoparasites, usually sequently identified as P.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Profiling of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Enterolobii During Parasitism and Identification of Novel Effector Proteins
    Ecole Doctorale de Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé Unité de recherche : UMR ISA INRA 1355-UNS-CNRS 7254 Thèse de doctorat Présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de docteur en Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de L’UNIVERSITE COTE D’AZUR par NGUYEN Chinh Nghia Etude de la régulation du transcriptome de nématodes parasites de plante, les nématodes à galles du genre Meloidogyne Dirigée par Dr. Bruno FAVERY Soutenance le 8 Décembre, 2016 Devant le jury composé de : Pr. Pierre FRENDO Professeur, INRA UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis Président Dr. Marc-Henri LEBRUN Directeur de Recherche, INRA AgroParis Tech Grignon Rapporteur Dr. Nemo PEETERS Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-INRA Castanet Tolosan Rapporteur Dr. Stéphane JOUANNIC Chargé de Recherche, IRD Montpellier Examinateur Dr. Bruno FAVERY Directeur de Recherche, UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis Directeur de thèse Doctoral School of Life and Health Sciences Research Unity: UMR ISA INRA 1355-UNS-CNRS 7254 PhD thesis Presented and defensed to obtain Doctor degree in Molecular and Cellular Biology from COTE D’AZUR UNIVERITY by NGUYEN Chinh Nghia Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling of Root-knot Nematodes during Plant Infection and Characterisation of Species Specific Trait PhD directed by Dr Bruno FAVERY Defense on December 8th 2016 Jury composition : Pr. Pierre FRENDO Professeur, INRA UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis President Dr. Marc-Henri LEBRUN Directeur de Recherche, INRA AgroParis Tech Grignon Reporter Dr. Nemo PEETERS Directeur de Recherche, CNRS-INRA Castanet Tolosan Reporter Dr. Stéphane JOUANNIC Chargé de Recherche, IRD Montpellier Examinator Dr. Bruno FAVERY Directeur de Recherche, UNS CNRS Sophia-Antipolis PhD Director Résumé Les nématodes à galles du genre Meloidogyne spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Stubby-Root Nematode, Trichodorus Obtusus Cobb (Nematoda: Adenophorea: Triplonchida: Diphtherophorina: Trichodoridea: Trichodoridae)1
    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. EENY-340 Stubby-Root Nematode, Trichodorus obtusus Cobb (Nematoda: Adenophorea: Triplonchida: Diphtherophorina: Trichodoridea: Trichodoridae)1 W. T. Crow2 Introduction Life Cycle and Biology Nematodes in the family Trichodoridae (Thorne, While large for a plant-parasitic nematode (about 1935) Siddiqi, 1961, are commonly called 1/16 inch long), T. obtusus is still small enough that it "stubby-root" nematodes, because feeding by these can be seen only with the aid of a microscope. nematodes can cause a stunted or "stubby" appearing Stubby-root nematodes are ectoparasitic nematodes, root system. Trichodorus obtusus is one of the most meaning that they feed on plants while their bodies damaging nematodes on turfgrasses, but also may remain in the soil. They feed primarily on meristem cause damage to other crops. cells of root tips. Stubby-root nematodes are plant-parasitic nematodes in the Triplonchida, an Synonymy order characterized by having a six-layer cuticle (body covering). Stubby- root nematodes are unique Trichodorus proximus among plant-parasitic nematodes because they have Distribution an onchiostyle, a curved, solid stylet or spear they use in feeding. All other plant-parasitic nematodes have Trichodorus obtusus is only known to occur in straight, hollow stylets. Stubby-root nematodes use the United States. A report of T. proximus (a synonym their onchiostyle like a dagger to puncture holes in of T. obtusus) from Ivory Coast was later determined plant cells. The stubby root nematode then secretes to be a different species. Trichodorus obtusus is from its mouth (stoma) salivary material into the reported in the states of Virginia, Florida, Iowa, punctured cell.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the 3Rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005
    Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005 Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation Edited by H. Segers, P. Desmet & E. Baus Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium Brussels, 18-19 April 2005 Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation Edited by H. Segers, P. Desmet & E. Baus Recommended form of citation Segers, H., P. Desmet & E. Baus, 2006. ‘Tropical Biodiversity: Science, Data, Conservation’. Proceedings of the 3rd GBIF Science Symposium, Brussels, 18-19 April 2005. Organisation - Belgian Biodiversity Platform - Belgian Science Policy In cooperation with: - Belgian Clearing House Mechanism of the CBD - Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences - Global Biodiversity Information Facility Conference sponsors - Belgian Science Policy 1 Table of contents Research, collections and capacity building on tropical biological diversity at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences .........................................................................................5 Van Goethem, J.L. Research, Collection Management, Training and Information Dissemination on Biodiversity at the Royal Museum for Central Africa .......................................................................................26 Gryseels, G. The collections of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium ....................................................30 Rammeloo, J., D. Diagre, D. Aplin & R. Fabri The World Federation for Culture Collections’ role in managing tropical diversity..................44 Smith, D. Conserving
    [Show full text]
  • Nematode Management in Cole Crops1 Z
    ENY-024 Nematode Management in Cole Crops1 Z. J. Grabau and J. W. Noling2 Plant-parasitic nematodes are small microscopic round- Plant-Parasitic Nematodes worms that live in the soil and attack the roots of plants. Plant-parasitic nematodes are microscopic roundworms Crop production problems induced by nematodes therefore that feed on plant tissue. Most plant-parasitic nematodes generally occur as a result of root dysfunction; nematodes live in the soil and attack the roots of plants. This can reduce rooting volume and the efficiency with which roots reduce yield by reducing root function and consequently forage for and use water and nutrients. Many different plant growth. Cole crops are selected plants in the family genera and species of nematodes can be important to crop Brassicaceae whose leaves or shoots are harvested. They production in Florida. In many cases a mixed community include cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, of plant-parasitic nematodes is present in a field, rather collards, and others. Many different genera and species of than having a single species occurring alone. Root-knot, nematodes cause damage in Florida cole crop production sting, stubby-root, and awl nematodes are important pests (Rhoades 1986; McSorley and Dickson 1995; Perez et of crucifers; a cyst nematode is serious in local areas of al. 2000b). In many cases, a mixed community of plant- central Florida. Radishes are occasionally deformed slightly parasitic nematodes is present in a field, rather than a single by root-knot nematodes, but they normally escape serious species. The most important nematode pests of cole crops injury because of their short growth period (less than a in Florida are species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne complete nematode life cycle).
    [Show full text]
  • Xiphinema Japonicum N. Sp. (Nematoda: Longidorinae) from the Rhizosphere of Japanese Podocarpus Macrophyllus (Thunb.), a Cryptic
    Journal of Nematology 49(4):404–417. 2017. Ó The Society of Nematologists 2017. Xiphinema japonicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidorinae) from the Rhizosphere of Japanese Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.), a Cryptic Species Related to Xiphinema bakeri Williams, 1961 1 2 3 4 5 LIRONG ZHAO, WEIMIN YE, MUNAWAR MARIA, MAJID PEDRAM, AND JIANFENG GU Abstract: Xiphinema japonicum n. sp., isolated in Ningbo, China, from the rhizosphere of Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) imported from Japan is described. The new species belongs to Xiphinema non-americanum group 7 and is characterized by medium body length (3.0–3.7 mm), total stylet length 190–201 mm, vulva located anteriorly (V = 30.5%–35.3%), two equally developed female genital branches without uterine differentiation (no Z or pseudo-Z organ and/or spines in the uteri), short tail, convex-conoid with subdigitate peg in terminus, and absence of males. The species has four juvenile developmental stages (J1 was not found). The polytomous identification codes of the new species are (codes in parentheses are exceptions) A4-B4-C4-D5(4)-E2(3)-F3(4)-G2(3)- H2-I3-J4-K?-L1. Morphologically, the new species is mainly characterized by combination of the codes C4 and E2(3), making the species unique and different from other species in the genus. It is most similar to the North American species Xiphinema bakeri, herein considered as its cryptic species by the nature of high morphological similarity, but with significant differences in DNA sequences in nearly full length 18S, ITS1, 28S D2/D3, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematology Training Manual
    NIESA Training Manual NEMATOLOGY TRAINING MANUAL FUNDED BY NIESA and UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, CROP PROTECTION DEPARTMENT CONTRIBUTORS: J. Kimenju, Z. Sibanda, H. Talwana and W. Wanjohi 1 NIESA Training Manual CHAPTER 1 TECHNIQUES FOR NEMATODE DIAGNOSIS AND HANDLING Herbert A. L. Talwana Department of Crop Science, Makerere University P. O. Box 7062, Kampala Uganda Section Objectives Going through this section will enrich you with skill to be able to: diagnose nematode problems in the field considering all aspects involved in sampling, extraction and counting of nematodes from soil and plant parts, make permanent mounts, set up and maintain nematode cultures, design experimental set-ups for tests with nematodes Section Content sampling and quantification of nematodes extraction methods for plant-parasitic nematodes, free-living nematodes from soil and plant parts mounting of nematodes, drawing and measuring of nematodes, preparation of nematode inoculum and culturing nematodes, set-up of tests for research with plant-parasitic nematodes, A. Nematode sampling Unlike some pests and diseases, nematodes cannot be monitored by observation in the field. Nematodes must be extracted for microscopic examination in the laboratory. Nematodes can be collected by sampling soil and plant materials. There is no problem in finding nematodes, but getting the species and numbers you want may be trickier. In general, natural and undisturbed habitats will yield greater diversity and more slow-growing nematode species, while temporary and/or disturbed habitats will yield fewer and fast- multiplying species. Sampling considerations Getting nematodes in a sample that truly represent the underlying population at a given time requires due attention to sample size and depth, time and pattern of sampling, and handling and storage of samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematoda : Dorylaimida) from India
    Two new speciesof the genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda : Dorylaimida) from India M. Farooque RAHMAN*, M. Shamim JAIRAJPUFCI and Irfan AHMAD Section of Nenlatolog); Departfnent of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202001, India. SUMMARY Two new species of Tnkhodonrs are described and figured from the North-eastem states of India. Trichodorus borain. sp. cornes close to r califomicus Allen, 1957, i? cottien’clark, 1963, T. dilatatusRodriguez-M & Bell, 1978, T. ebumeusDe Waele & Carbonell, 1983, T. elegans Allen, 1957, T. intennedius Rodriguez-M & Bell, 1978 and T. proxintus Allen, 1957 in having only one cervical papilla but differs from them in the position of this papilla and size of spicules. T. comnplexus n. sp. cornes close to 1: bomeoensis Hooper, 1962, T. taylori De Waele, Mancini, Roca & Lamberti, 1982 and T. orientalis De Waele & Hashim, 1984 in having two cervical papillae and striated spicules. However, it differs from them in having a smaller onchiostyle, in the size and shape of spicules and vulval sclerotization. RESUME Deux nouvelles espècesdu genre Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Newatoda : Doylaimida) provenant de l’Inde Deux nouvelles espices de Trichodorus provenant des États du Nord-Est de l’Inde sont décrites et illustrées. Trichodorus borai n. sp. est proche de T. califomicus Allen, 1957, T. cottiericlark, 1963, T. dilatatus Rodriguez-M & Bell, 1978 T. ebumeus De Waele & Carbone& 1983, T elegans Allen, 1957, T intennedius Rodrigue2 M & Bell, 1978 et X pruximtcs Allen, 1957 par la présence d’une seule papille cervicale, mais diffère de ces espèces par la position de cette papille et la taille des spicules.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Note Characterisation of Trichodorus Similis
    ©2016 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice DOI 10.1515/helmin-2016-0041 HELMINTHOLOGIA, 53, 4: 401 – 407, 2016 Research Note Characterisation of Trichodorus similis (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) associated with potato from the Czech Republic M. ELSHISHKA1, V. PENEVA1*, S. LAZAROVA1, S. KUMARI2 1Department of Animal Biodiversity, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2, Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofi a, Bulgaria,*E-mail: [email protected]; 2Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 16106 Prague 6, Czech Republic Article info Summary Received May 30, 2016 Trichodorus similis associated with potato in the Czech Republic was described and illustrated. This Accepted September 7, 2016 study provides additional information on morphometrical and morphological characters of T. simi- lis and integrates morphological and genetic data obtained by species-specifi c polymerase chain reaction and sequencing (ITS1 and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA). The knowledge on morphological variability and genetic diversity is extended, and a rapid and accurate molecular diag- nostics was successfully applied. Keywords: D2-D3 rDNA; ITS1, morphology; species-specifi c PCR, Triplonchida Introduction (Brown et al., 1996), Italy (Roca & Lamberti, 1984), Norway (Stølen & Markussen, 1985), Poland (Brzeski & Szczygiel, 1974), Russia Trichodorids can cause substantial crop losses directly by feeding (Ambrosov et al., 1979), Slovakia (Lišková & Sturhan, 1999), Spain on plant roots and indirectly as vector of Tobraviruses; both vector (López-Pérez et al., 2001), Sweden (Andersson et al., 1992), the and virus are polyphagous and are of considerable economic im- Netherlands (van Hoof, 1967) and UK (Cooke, 1973), occasionally portance in a number of agricultural crops (Taylor & Brown, 1997; in the USA, in different habitat types, associated with various crops MacFarlane et al., 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Morphology of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA
    Zootaxa 3452: 1–46 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:14DEF8CA-ABBA-456D-89FD-68064ABB636A Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA YONGSAN ZENG1, 5, WEIMIN YE2*, LANE TREDWAY1, SAMUEL MARTIN3 & MATT MARTIN4 1 Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Nematode Assay Section, Agronomic Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Plant Pathology and Physiology, School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 2200 Pocket Road, Florence, SC 29506, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Crop Science Department, North Carolina State University, 3800 Castle Hayne Road, Castle Hayne, NC 28429-6519, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People’s Republic of China *Corresponding author Abstract Twenty-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes were recovered from 282 soil samples collected from turfgrasses in 19 counties in North Carolina (NC) and 20 counties in South Carolina (SC) during 2011 and from previous collections. These nematodes belong to 22 genera in 15 families, including Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Filenchus cylindricus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Scutellonema brachyurum, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Mesocriconema xenoplax, M. curvatum, M. sphaerocephala, Ogma floridense, Paratrichodorus minor, P. allius, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne graminis, M. naasi, Heterodera sp., Cactodera sp., Hemicycliophora conida, Loofia thienemanni, Hemicaloosia graminis, Hemicriconemoides wessoni, H.
    [Show full text]