Trichodoridae Taxonomy: Rodriguez-M., Bell 141 examined and found to have the vulva as a chodoridae, pp. 103-127. in F. Lamberti, C. E. short transverse slit. Taylor, and J. W. Seinhorst, eds. Nematode vectors of plant viruses. Plenum Press, Females of the subgenera of Paratri- London and New York. chodorus can be characterized on the basis 5. RAZJIVIN, A. A. and G. PENTON. 1975. A of vulva shape as follows: Nanidorus with new species of the genus Trichodorus (Nema- a short transverse slit, Paratrichodorus with toda) from the rhizosphere of the sugar cane in Cuba. Zoo. Zh. 54:1082-1083. (Russian a short longitudinal slit, and Atlantadorus with English abstract) with a pore-like opening. 6. RODRIGUEZ-M., R., S. A. SHER, and M. R. SIDDIQI. 1978. Systematics of the monodel- LITERATURE CITED phic species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: 1. ALLEN, M. W. 1957. A review of the nematode Diphtherophorina) with descriptions of a new genus Trichodorus with descriptions of ten genus and four new species. J. Nematol. 10: new species. Nematologica 2:32-62. 141-152. 2. CLARK, W. C. 1963. A new species of Tri- 7. SHER, S. A., A. H. BELL, and R. RODRIGUEZ- chodorus (Nematoda: Enoplida) from West- M. 1977. The face view of Trichodoridae. J. land, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Sci. 6:414-417. Nematol. 9:254-256. 3. COBB, N. A. 1913. New nematode genera found 8. SIDDIQI, M. R. 1973. Systematics of the inhabiting freshwater and non-brackish soils. genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3:432-444. Dorylaimida) with descriptions of three new 4. LOOF, P. A. A. 1975. Taxonomy of Tri- species. Nematologica 19:259-278. Systematics of the Monodelphic Species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina) With Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species R. RODRIGUEZ-M., 1 S. A. SHER,2 and M. R. SIDDIQI ~ Abstract: I"o show the relationship of the monodelphic species of Trichodoridae with the nominal taxa, the genus Monotrichodorus is redefined, with the addititm of one new species. The new genus Allotrichodorus is proposed on the basis of new species found in Brazi.1; and one new species is described in the genus Paratrichodorus. Key Words: Taxonomy; Trichodoridae; Monotrichodorus monohystera; M. vangundyi; Allotrichodorus campanullatus; A. guttatus; Paratrichodorus (N O westindicus. The first monodelphic species of Tri- although it was reinstated in Loof's com- chodorus Cobb, 1913, described from prehensive paper on the taxonomy of Venezuela, was named Trichodorus mono- Trichodoridae (6). Andrassy (2), with hystera Allen, 1957 (1). The female of this abbreviated explanation, proposed the species was distinguished by a single out- genus Monotrichodorus on the basis of T. stretched anterior ovary, lower position of monohystera. The uncertainty regarding the vulva, and two pairs of lateral body the taxonomic position of this group pores near the vulval level (1). Loaf (4) and the incomplete description given by mentioned some discrepancies in Allen's Andrassy provided the impetus for this description for specimens which he col- work oil the monodelphic species of this lected in Venezuela. important plant-parasitic taxon. Siddiqi (8) tentatively excluded T. The specimens used in this study are monohystera from the genus Trichodorus, primarily from the nematode survey col- lection held at the University of California, Riverside and Davis, California, USA. All Received for publication 13 October 1976. observations were made on specimens fixed Z, 2Department of Nematology, University of California, in 5% formalin and permanently mounted Riverside, California 92521. Present Address (Senior Author): Colegio de Postgraduados, Escuela Nacional de in glycerin. Some observations were made Agricultura, Chapingo, Mexico. with SEM following the technique of Sher *Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, The White House, 103 St. Peter's St., St. Albans, Hefts., England. and Bell (7). 142 Journal of Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978 Monotrichodorus Andrassy, 1976 9 ~ 3: L = 0.67-0.90 ram; a = 19-24; b = 4-5; c --- 70-90; T = 60-68; onchiostyle Diagnosis (Expanded): Trichodoridae. = 43-48 #m; spicules = 51-59 p.m; guber- Cuticle not swollen after fixation. Dorsal naculum = 10-13 btm. esophageal gland nucleus anterior to, and San Salvador 6 9 2 : L = 0.82-0.94 (0.87) the same size as, the posterior subventral mm; a = 18-22 (20); b = 4.5-5.2 (4.8); c = gland nuclei. Esophagus not overlapping anus subterminal; V = 80-83; onchiostyle intestine. = 48-53 t~m. Female: Gonad monodelphic, prodel- Fe'male: Body slightly curved ventrally. phic, with flexure at the oviduct; postvulvar Cuticle not swollen after fixation. Post- uterine sac present. Vagina anteriorly vulvar uterine sac less than one body-width directed, more than one-half body-width, in length. Gonad single, prodelphic, with with strong musculature and prominent ttexure at oviduct. Spermatheca round, cuticularization. Lateral advulvar body usually filled with round sperm. Paired pores present. Vulva a transverse slit at lateral vulvar body pores; right pore slightly about 80% of body length. Single caudal posterior to vulva, left pore less than one pore present. body-width anterior to vulva. Vagina elon- Male: Spicules long and slender, cylin- gated, slanted anteriorly with conspicuous drical, with bristles; a longitudinal septum cuticularization. Vulva a transverse slit. running from the head-shaft junction to Anus subterminal. Caudal pore single, near the distal end, opening terminal; fine terminal. transverse striae present along most of Male: Body slightly curved ventrally. spicule length. Copulatory muscles promi- One ventral cervical papilla immediately nent, elongate to oval. Three ventromedian anterior to excretory pore, absent in one supplements, at least one anterior to specimen. Paired lateral cervical pores retracted spicule, posterior supplement near slightly posterior to excretory pore. Three cloaca. Paired ventrolateral postcloacal ventrornedian supplementary papillae, only papillae present. Single subterminal caudal one within range of retracted spicules. pore. Single ventral cervical papilla anterior Spicules arcuated, cephalated, bearing to excretory pore. bristles. Gubernaculum linear. Caudal pore Type species: Monotrichodorus mono- subterminal. hystera (Allen, 1957)Andrassy, 1976. In addition to paratypes that have been Syn. Trichodorus monohystera Allen, studied and illustrated, this species has been 1957 identified from soil around sugar cane, San Other species: Monotrichodorus van- Salvador; soil around banana, Esquinas, gundyi n. sp. Costa Rica; and soil around Solarium sp. Diagnosis: Monotrichodorus can be and AUstroameria sp., Cordillera Blanca distinguished from Trichodorus, the most (3,900 m), Peru. Only females and juveniles closely related genus, by the anterior posi- were present in the few specimens available tion of the dorsal esophageal gland nucleus, from those localities. the monodelphic females with posterior vulva and anteriorly directed vagina; in the Monotrichodorus vangundyi n. sp. male by the long slender cephalated Fig. 2 spicules, fusion o~ outlet of caudal pores, and prominent elongate to oval copulatory Measurements: Paratypes 20 9 9: L = muscles. 0.65-0.81 (0.72)mm; a = 15.5-22.0 (19.5); b = 3.5-5.8 (4.6); c = anus subterminal; Monotrichodorus monohystera (Allen, V = 82.3-85.6 (83.8); onchiostyle = 48-57 1957) Andrassy, 1976 (53) ~m. Syn. Trichodorus monohystera Allen, Paratypes: 20 d dr: L --- 0.67-0.83 (0.73) 1957 mm; a = 18-24 (22); b = 4.3-5.7 (4.6); c = Fig. 1 60-80 (66.6); T = 57-70 (62.2); onchiostyle Measurements: (After Allen, 1957) = 49-56 (53)~m; spicules = 50-57 (54) 10 9 9: L --- 0.61-0.90 mm; a = 15-23; b = ~tm; gubernaculum = 13-16 (14) t~m. 4.2-4.5; c = anus subterrninal; V = 77-83; Holotype ~: L = 0.78 ram; a = 21.6; onchiostyle = 45-52 t~m. b = 4.9; c = 80; T = 57; onchiostyle = Monodelphic Trichodoridae: Rodriguez-M. et al. 14~ ,,:3 .':'5 -:.i':.':,~.~ .~,:. '-~. i., ~ .~ ...'~...~i II I.: .~ . ,~"..:, :;~' .,'J: // q.:.~ .a2~l ~: .~£'-,~ .: " . I {~:L ' .~.kl .. ' • I1,,: :: ;i ,~'~' :. :-." .: :':.~~ ~:-:!~ " < .. ' "/-:i F .... ~'.?,: " .." .~:u.!' "~ '" "'i'~I E 0.1 mm ~.!~} .".: .. :'..\ ::..'.:£ ,:8". ,':."::1 .... '~" ~!~.'" ~/::} :~.~ ..... .£"1 G 5 . ;:e' i ;, ." : L A,B,C,D,F,G, 0.03 mm FIG. 1-(A-G). Monotrichodorus monohystera. A) Female esophageal region (Paratype). B) Male esopha- geal region (Paratype). C) Male posterior region (Paratype). D) Spicule E) Female gonad (Paratype). F) Vagina and related structures. G) Female poster/or region. 144 Journal of Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978 D ! l!i~i ii~j F :) A 0.08 mm B-I 0.03 mm Monodelphic Trichodoridae: Rodriguez-M. et al. 145 55 /~m; spicule = 53 ~,m; gubernaculum = fled as Monotrichodorus vangundyi were 17/,m. Body slightly curved ventrally, more found near the type locality around citrus abruptly curved posteriorly. Cuticle not and banana, and in native forest soils; in swollen after fixation. Excretory pore at 95 Rio Corutu riverbed soil, Puerto Armuel- ~m (94 ~ 5/~m in paratypes) from anterior les, Panama; and around roots of Ceiba end. Paired lateral cervical pores immedi- pentandra (L.) Gaert, Barro Colorado ately posterior to excretory pore. Ventral Island, Panama. cervical papilla 87 /zm (89.3 ± 4.4 t~m in Diagnosis: Monotrichodorus vangundyi paratypes) fi'om anterior end. Onchiostyle n. sp. can be recognized by the position of tip 25 ~m. Collar 30 ,~m from anterior end. male supplementary papillae. M. mono- Three ventromedian supplementary papil- hystera has only the posterior supplement lae, 55, 36, and 9 ~m from cloaca. Spicules within the range of the retracted spicules, conspicuously cephalated, slender, slightly whereas M. vangundyi has the middle and curved ventrally; protruding setae evident posterior supplements within spicular along the proximal two-thirds of protracted range. Females of M. vangundyi differ by spicules, distal third smooth. Gubernaculum position of lateral cervical pores. almost linear. dllotype Q: L = 0.76 ram; a = 20; b = 4.3; V = 86; onchiostyle = 55 /~m. Body ,'lllotrichodorus n.