132 Journal o[ Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978 material is a residue of secretions present chodoridae. Pages 103-127. in F. Lamberti, in the spicules. Because of no visible vas C. E. Taylor, and J. w. Seinhorst, eds. vectors of plant viruses. Plenum deferens, and because spicules appear hol- Press, London and New York. low with a terminal or ventro-terminal 6. RODRIGUEZ-M, R., and A. H. BELL. 1978. opening or pore, it is possible to speculate Three new species of that sperms pass through the spicule body. (Nematoda: ) with obser- vations on the vulva in Paratriehodorus LITERATURE CITED Siddiqi, 1973. J. Nematol. 10:132-141. 7. RODRIGUEZ-M, R., S. A. SHER, and M. R. 1. ALLEN, M. W. 1975. A review of the nematode SIDD1QI. 1978. Systematics of the monodel- genus with descriptions of ten phic species of Trichodoridae (Ncmatoda: new species. Nematologica 2:32-62. Diphtherophorina) with descriptions of a new 2. HOOPER, D. J. 1962. Three new species of genus and four new species. J. Nematol. 10: Trichodorus (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea) and 141-152. observations on T. mi,nor Colbran, 1956. 8. SHER, S. A. and A. H. BELL. 1975. Scanning Nematologica 7:273-280. electron tnicrographs of the anterior region 3. HOOPER, D. J. 1975. Morphology of Tri- of some species of Tylenchoidea (Tylenchida: chodorid . Pages 91-101. in Netnatoda). J. Nematol. 7:69-83. F. Lamherti, C. E. Taylor, and J. w. Sein- 9. SIDDIQI, M. R. 1973. Systematics of the horst, eds. Nematode vectors o1 plant viruses. genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913: (Nematoda: Plenum Press, London and New York. Doylaimida) with descriptions of three new 4. LOOF, P. A. A. 1973. of Trichodorus species. Nematologica 19:259-278. aequalis-complex (Diphtherophorina). Nema- 10. SCZYGIEL, A. 1968. Trichodorus sparsus sp. n. tologica 19:49-61. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae). Bull. Ac. Pol. 5. LOOF, P. A. A. 1975. Taxonomy of Tri- Sci. 16:695-698.

Three New Species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina) with Observations on the Vulva in R. RODRIGUEZ-M. and A. H, BELL~ Abstract: Trichodorus intermedius n. sp., Trichodorus dilatatus n. sp., and Paratrichodorus (dtlantadorus) grandis n. sp. are described from soil around native plants of Southern California. The females of the three subgenera of Paratrichodorus are further characterized on the basis of the vulva, which is pore-like in Atlantadorus, a longitudinal slit in Paratrichodorus, and a transverse slit in Nanidorus. Key Words: Taxonomy, morphology, Trichodorus intermedius, Trichodorus dilatatus, Paratrichodorus (Atlantadorus) grandis, supplementary papillae.

In 1913 Cobb described the genus Tri- taxonomic study of the genus (1). Siddiqi chodorus on the basis of T. obtusus collected discussed the systematics and morphology around roots of grasses at Arlington, Vir- of the genus, proposed the genus Paratri- ginia (3). Interest in the genus was increased chodorus, and erected subgenera (8). He by the discovery by Christie and Perry of also constructed a key to the species of the pathogenicity of a species of Tri- Trichodorus on the basis of male char- chodorus to beets and corn. This species acters. Because males are rare in some was later described as T. christei by Allen species and unknown in others, we under- in a review of the germs that for the first took a search for characters that would time clearly identified the morphological facilitate identification of individual fe- characters which could be used for species males. identification, laying a foundation for the During a study of trichodorids in the nematode collection at the University of California, Riverside, three new species Received for publication 8 June 1977. aDepartment of Nematology. University of California, River- associated with native plants of Southern side, CA 92521. Present Address (Senior Author): Colegio California were found and are described de Postgraduados, Escuela National de Agricultura, Cha- pingo, Mexico. herein. Additional species were included in Trichodoridae Taxonomy: Rodriguez-M., Bell 133 a study of variation of the morphology of arcuate, slightly cephalated, distal one-third the vulva. slightly expanded. Proximal two-thirds of retracted spicules appear serrated; when METHODS AND MATERIALS extended, bristle-like structures occur along proximal two-thirds of spicule. Guber- Specimens used in the description of naculum linear, 19 tzm, with ventral end new species were fixed in formalin, trans- expanded. Protractor muscles prominent. ferred to dilute glycerin, and allowed to Three ventromedian supplementary papil- dehydrate slowly. Processed specimens were lae, 72, 24, and I0 /zm from anus. Paired mounted on permanent slides either in subventral postcloacal papillae. Tail dehydrated glycerin or in glycerin jelly rounded, with slight thickening of cuticle (dorsal-ventral mounts). Type materials around almost terminal caudal pores. were used for all species. Measurements Allotype 9: L = 0.73 mm; a -- 18.0; were of permanent mounts by means of b = 4.9; V = 55; onchiostyle = 64 ~m. camera lucida and are expressed as the Body straight to slightly curved ventrally. mean ± 1 standard deviation followed by Cuticle, lip region, and esophagus as in the range. male. Excretory pore 110 (78.4-138 in paratypes) t~m from anterior end. Gonads Trichodorus intermedius n. sp. paired, reflexed. Spermatheca (present or absent in paratypes) filled with round Fig. 1 sperm. Vagina more than one-half vulvar- Measurements: Paratypes 11 ~ ~ : L = body-width in length, with cuticularization 0.83 -+- 0.07 (0.72-0.95) ram; a = 21.0 ± and musculature prominent. Vaginal 2.1 (18-24); b = 5.0 +__ 0.59 (3.9-5.9); c = cuticularization appearing as two triangles 68 -+- 10.2 (59-91); T -- 66.8 -+- 3.6 (63- with long bases in lateral view oblique to 72.8); onchiostyle = 69.0 ~ 2.5 (62-71.5) body axis, with tips characteristically bent ~m; spicules = 45.0 ± 3.0 (42-50) #m; toward interior of vagina (Fig. 4-D). Vulva gubernaculum = 20.0 -4- 1.3 (18-22) ttm. a large transverse slit. Paired lateral body Paratypes 23 9 9: L = 0.85 -+- 0.1 (0.68- pores about 20 tam posterior to vulva. Tail 1.13) ram; a -- 20.0 ± 1.1 (17.2-22); b = rounded, with terminal caudal pores. Anus 5.0 -+- 0.5 (4.3-6.4); anus subterminal; V = subterminal. 57.0 -+- 2.7 (53-64); onchiostyle -- 69.0 ± Holotype ~: Collected by A. Bell on 3.4 (62-75.2) ttm. April 22, 1967. Department of Nematology Holotype 5: L = 0.72 ram; a -- 20.0; Nematode Collection, University of Cali- b = 4.6; ¢ = 91; T = 63. Body straight fornia, Riverside. Catalog No. 28. anteriorly, strongly curved ventrad at pos- Allotype 9: Same data as holotype. terior end. Cuticle not abnormally swollen, Catalog No. 29. subcuticle finely striated. Lip region promi- Type locality and habitat: Soil around nent, somewhat conical. Sixteen papillae roots of live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill) arranged in an inner circle of 6 around oral at Oak Grove Campground, San Diego Co., aperture and an outer circle of 10 com- California. Additional specimens have been posed of 2 pairs of subdorsal papillae, 2 found associated with the following hosts pairs of subventral papillae, and 2 single in Southern California: grass and wil- lateral papillae (7). Amphid aperture near low (Salix sp.), Dripping Springs near level of outer circle of papillae. One Temecula; Chenopodium sp. and Ambrosia ventral cervical papilla anterior to ex- sp., Santa Ana River, Riverside; Pinus sp., cretory pore, 100 ~m from anterior end. Mt. Palomar; Salvia leucophyUa, south of Excretory pore 122 ttm from anterior end. Camarillo; Quercus sp., Fallbrook; Quercus Onchiostyle 62 tzm, tip 30 /~m. Collar or sp. and grass, Live Oak Park; also in red- "guide ring" 27 ~m from anterior end. wood soil at Big Sur. Nerve ring midway between onchiostyle T. intermedius was sometimes found base and ventral cervical papilla. Esophagus mixed with Paratrichodorus (P.) aUius, and esophageal gland nuclei position typ- Paratrichodorus (N.) minor, or Trichodorus ical of genus. Testis single, outstretched, aequalis. with large round sperm. Spicules 42 t~m, Paratypes: 15 ~ ~, 30 9 9, 20 jj, same 134 Journal of Nematolog),, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978

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FIG. I-(A-F). Trichodorus intermedius n. sp.: ,4) male anterior region (holotype); B) female posterior region (paratype); C) vagina and related structures in lateral view; D) vulva in ventral view; E) male posterior region (holotype); F) male spicule (paratype), Trichodoridae Taxonomy: Rodriguez-M., Bell 135 data as holotype, distributed as follows: disappear near esophagus. Onchiostyle 65 6 ~ ~, 15 9 9, 13 jj, Department of Nema- /~m, tip 30 /~m. Collar or "guide ring" 29 tology, University of California, Riverside; ixm from anterior end. Nerve ring 18 /~m 2 ~ ~, 3 9 2, Nematode Collection, Uni- posterior to onchiostyle base, midway be- versity of California, Davis; 2 ~ ~, 3 9 9, tween onchiostyle base and ventral cervical USDA Nematode Collection, Nematology papilla. Esophagus typical of genus; an- Investigations, Behsville, Maryland; 1 ~, terior subventral gland nuclei anterior to 2 2 2, Rothamsted Experimental Station, excretory pore; posterior subventral gland Harpenden, England; 2 ~ ~, 4 9 2, 7 j j, nuclei 20 /~m anterior to the esophago- Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, intestinal junction; dorsal esophageal gland St. Albans, England; 2 ~ ~, 3 9 9, Nema- nucleus larger than nuclei of subventral tology Department, Landbouwhogeschool, glands, and located near same level as Wageningen, The Netherlands. posterior subventral gland nuclei. Gonad Diagnosis: By having males with only single, outstretched, containing large round one ventral cervical papilla, T. intermedius sperm. Spicules curved ventrally, expanded is similar to T. californicus Allen, 1957 (1) at proximal end, then uniformly tapered and T. cottieri Clark, 1963 (2), but differs to distal end. Protruded spicule with fine in location of ventromedian supplementary bristles and ventroterminal opening, 49 t~m papillae and spicule shape. Females of T. long. Gubernaculum 19/~m, simple, ventral intermedius can be separated from T. end expanded, forming a small keel. californicus, T. cottieri, and T. obscurus Ventromedian supplements located 90, 48, Allen, 1957 (1), only by shape of vaginal and 13 ,~m anterior to anus. Paired sub- cuticularization (Fig. 4-D). ventral postcloacal papillae. Tail bluntly rounded with almost terminal caudal pores. Trichodorus dilatatus n. sp. AUotype 9: L = 0.99 mm; a = 17.0; b = 5.7; V = 59; onchiostyle = 68.0 t~m. Fig. 2 Body almost straight when relaxed. Lip Measurements: 10 ~ 8 paratypes: L = region, cuticle, and esophagus as in male. 0.87 ± 0.1 (0.72-1.03) mm; a = 16 ± 1.8 Excretory pore 140 (94-143 in paratypes) (14-19); b = 5.1 ± 0.4 (4.5-6.1); c = 62.0 /~m from anterior end, near level of anterior ± 10.0 (48-79); T = 59.0 ± 7.0 (50-70); subventral esophageal gland nuclei. Gonads onchiostyle = 53.0 ± 2.3 (63-69) t~m; typical of genus; spermatheca (present or spicules = 53.0 ± 2.3 (48-55) /~m; guber- absent in paratypes) filled with round naculum = 12.0 ± 1.1 (11-14) /zm. sperm. Vagina prominent, half or more Paratypes 11 9 9: L = 0.87 -+- 0.1 (0.72- vulvar-body-width in length; vaginal cutic- 1.03) ram; a = 16 ± 1.3 (13-17.7); b = 5.3 ularization as illustrated (Fig. 4-A). Vulva ± 0.4 (5.6-6.1); anus subterminal; V = 58 a large transverse slit. Paired lateral body ± 2.3 (54-61.7); onchiostyle = 65.0 ± 2.9 pores within one body-width posterior to (60.5-69) ttm. vulva. Tail hemispheric, with subterminal Holotype ~: L = 0.90 mm; a = 18.0; anus and terminal caudal pores. b = 4.9; c = 73.0; T = 69.0. Body straight Holotype ~ : Catalog No. 30. Nematode anteriorly, curved ventrally at posterior Collection, Department of Nematology, end. Cuticle not swollen, subcuticle finely University of California, Riverside. Col- striated. Lip region hemispherical to lected by O. F. Clarke on June 4, 1975. slightly conical, almost continuous with Allotype 2: Same data as holotype. body outline. Amphid aperture at level of Catalog No. 31. outer circle of papillae, immediately pos- Paratypes: 10 ~ ~, 11 9 9, 5 jj, same terior to single lateral papilla (7). Right data as holotype distributed as follows: lateral body pore posterior to nerve ring, 5 ~ ~, 6 9 9, 5 j j, Nematode Collection, left lateral body pore slightly anterior to University of California, Riverside; 1 ~, ventral cervical papilla level, 122 ~m from 1 9, Nematode Collection at University anterior end. Excretory pore posterior to of California, Davis; 1 ~, 1 2, Common- ventral cervical papilla, 132 ~m from wealth Institute of Helminthology, St. anterior end. Duct of excretory pore per- Albans, England; 1 ~, I 9, Rothamsted pendicular to body axis, turns anteriorly to Experimental Station, Harpenden, Eng- 136 Journal o] Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978

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FIG. 2-(A-E). Trichodorus dilatatus n. sp.: A) male anterior region (holotype); B) vagina and related structures in lateral view (paratype); C) vulva in ventral view; D) female posterior region; E) male pos- terior region (holotype). Trichodoridae Taxonomy: Rodriguez-M., Bell 137 land; l g, 1 9, Nematology Department Nerve ring at beginning of esophagus, im- Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, The mediately posterior to pharyngo-esophageal Netherlands; and 1 g, 1 9, USDA Nema- junction. Esophagus with several flexures. tode Collection, Nematology Investigations, Nuclei of posterior subventral glands Beltsville, Maryland. anterior to esophago-intestinal junction, Type locality and habitat: Soil around close to large dorsal gland nucleus. roots of cottonwood (Populus sp.), Deep Intestine usually extending slightly dorso- Creek Camp, Hesperia, California. Addi- laterally over esophagus base. Testis typical tional specimens of T. dilatatus have been of genus. Ventromedian supplementary collected from soil around manzan/ta papillae at 93, 30, and 15 #m from anus. (Arctostaphylos sp.) in San Jacinto Moun- Spicules slightly curved ventrally at distal tains, near Banning, California. end, with fine transverse striations. Guber- Diagnosis: Males of this species strongly naculum inconspicuous, slightly expanded resemble T. californicus and T. cottieri. at ventral end. Caudal alae present, ex- T. dilatatus differs from T. cottieri by the tending laterally from slightly anterior to uniform taper of the distal end of spicules middle supplement to slightly anterior to and lateral body pores anterior to excretory postcloacal papillae. One pair of sublateral pore. T. dilatatus differs from T. cottieri postcloacal papillae. One bilobed flap, and T. californicus by location of supple- easily seen in ventral view, partially cover- mentary papillae. ing cloaca. Tail straight and slightly Females of T. dilatatus are morpholog- conical, with subterminal caudal pores. ically similar to T. eIegans Allen, 1957, T. Allotype 9: L = 1.04 mm; a = 25; b -- cottieri, T. californicus, T. obscurus, and 6.3; V = 59; onchiostyle = 70.0 /zm. Body T. intermedius. The only character that long and slender, sometimes curved ven- can be used to separate females of these trally. Cuticle, lip region, and esophagus as species is the shape and size of vaginal in male. Excretory pore 123 ~m from an- cuticularization (Fig. 4). terior end (102-127 in paratypes). Lateral advulvar body pores present. Vagina Paratrichodorus ( A t lantadorus) conspicuous, about one-fourth vulvar-body- grandis n. sp. width in length; vaginal cuticularization inconspicuous, appearing as two small Fig. 8 triangles, in lateral view, with short bases Measurements: Paratypes 11 8 ~: L = almost parallel to the body axis. Vulva 0.90 ± 0.08 (0.79-1.04) mm; a -- 25.0 -+- pore-like, with radial folds. Spermatheca 1.3 (22.6-27); b -- 5.9 -+- 0.78 (5.0-7.4); c -- not well defined; something resembling 64.0 -+- 8.6 (50-80); T -- 56.0 ± 2.54 (51.9- sperm contained along both uteri (Fig. 60.3); onchiostyle -~ 70.0 ~ 2.2 (64-72)/~m; 3-C). Tail slightly conical, with subterminal spicules -- 40.0 ___ 1.4 (39-43) ~m; guber- anus and almost terminal caudal pores. naculum = 14.0 -+- 1.41 (12-16) #m. Holotype ~: Collected by O. F. Clarke Paratypes 11 9 9: L = 0.96 :+- 0.04 on March 7, 1967. Catalog No. 32. (0.90-1.04) mm; a = 26.0 ___ 2.47 (23-30); Nematode Collection, Department of Nem- b = 6.1 + 0.52 (5.1-7.0); anus subterminal; atology, University of California, Riverside. V = 59.0 __+ 2.12 (56.4-64); onchiostyle -- Allotype 9: Same data as holotype. 68.0 -+ 2.2 (65-72) /~m. Catalog No. 33. Holotype ~: L = 0.92 mm; a = 24.0; Type Locality and Habitat: Soil around b -- 6.3; c = 64.0; T = 57.8; onchiostyle manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.), Beau Vista = 70 t~m; spicules = 42 t~m; gubernaculum Hills Rd., San Jacinto Mountains, near = 13 /zm. Body long and slender, almost Banning, California. straight when relaxed by gentle heat. Paratypes: 21 ~ ~, 20 9 9, 24 jj, same Cuticle swollen. Lip region hemispherical. data as holotype, distributed as follows: Labial papillae inconspicuous. One ventral 11 ~ ~, 14 9 9, 17 jj, Department of Nem- cervical pore at level of onchiostyle base, atology, University of California, Riverside; 68 t~m from anterior end. Paired lateral 2 ~, 2 99, 3 jj, Department of Nem- body pores at level of ventral cervical pore. atology, University of California, Davis; Excretory pore 113 t~ln from anterior end. 2 ~ ~, 1 9, 2 j j, USDA Nematode Collec- 138 Journal o] Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978

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E Trichodoridae Taxonomy: Rodriguez-M., Bell 139 tion, Nematology Investigations, Beltsville, anterior to vulva and two posterior to vulva Maryland; 4 8 8, 2 9 Q, 1 j, Commonwealth ...... P. (A .) porosus 3. Onchiostyle 64 gm or more ...... P. (A.) grandis Institute of Helminthology, St. Albans, Onchiostyle less than 60 #m ...... 4 England; 2 8 8, 1 2, 1 j, Nematology 4. Sperm contained in spermatheca, 0-2 lateral Department, Landbouwhogeschool, Wagen- pores on each side of body posterior to vulva ingen, The Netherlands...... P. (/1.) anemones Diagnosis: Paratrichodorus (,4.) grandis Sperm distributed throughout uteri, 2-5 lateral pores on each side of body posterior to vulva closely resembles P. (,4.) atlanticus (Allen) ...... P. (,4.) pachydermus Siddiqi 1973 (8), but differs in the male by spicule length, position of ventral cervical papilla, and presence of only one pair of DISCUSSION submedian cloacal papillae. Females differ Tile species of Trichodorus studied here in vulva position and by absence of share several morphological character states. ventrosubmedian pores near vulva. This close similarity of morphological Discussion: Lateral body pores of P. characters is evidenced by the fact that (.4.) grandis vary in number and position individual females can be distinguished but always occur posterior to vulva, usually only by shape and size of vaginal cuticulari- two on right side and one on left side. One zation. paratype had three lateral body pores close Siddiqi (8) erected the subgenus together on right side. Atlantadorus for species of Trichodorus The vulva of P. (,4.) atlanticus was de- with intestinal diverticulum and similar scribed as a longitudinal slit (1), but a placement of esophageal gland nuclei. The paratype specimen had a pore-like vulva as males of Atlantadorus could be identified described for other species of the subgenus. by the presence of lateral body pores. Loof The species in the subgenus Atlanta- (4) agreed with Siddiqi in defining females dorus can be separated according to the of Atlantadorus by the absence of lateral following keys modified from Loof (4). body pores within one body-width from vulva and presence of subterminal caudal KEY TO MALES pores. Major importance, however, was 1. Onchiostyle 64 #m or more ...... 2 given to male characters. Onchiostyle 60 #m or less ...... 3 All species of Atlantadorus except P. 2. Spicule 79-87 #m ...... P. (A.) atlanticus (A.) atlanticus have been described as hav- Spicule 39-43 #m ...... P. (A.) grandis ing a pore-like vulva. The one paratype 3. Two supplements, both within spicular range, Spicule length 36-39 #m ...... P. (A.) porosus female of P. (A.) atlanticus available showed Three supplements, anterior supplement well the vulva to be pore-like also, rather than anterior to head of retracted spicules; spicules a longitudinal slit as in the original longer than 40 #m ...... 4 description. 4. Tail round, spicule outline irregular, distance from middle supplement to anus 38-64% of All species of the subgenus Paratri- spicule length ...... P. (A.) anemones chodorus (8) have been described with tile Tail trapezoid, spicule outline regular, distance vulva as a longitudinal slit except for P. from middle supplement to anus 75-94% of (P.) alleni (Andrassy) Siddiqi 1973, in spicule length ...... P. (A.) pachydermus which females are unknown, and P. (P.) rhodesiensis (Siddiqi and Brown) Siddiqi KEY TO FEMALES 1973, in which the vulva was said to be 1. Subventral or ventromedian pores near vulva transverse. However, one paratype speci- present ...... 2 men of P. (P.) rhodesiensis, kindly supplied Subventral and ventromedian pores near vulva l)y M. R. Siddiqi, showed the vulva to be a absent ...... 3 longitudinal slit. 2. Onchiostyle 64 #m or more, one pair of sub- ventral pores posterior to vulva P. (A.) atlanticus All species of Nanidorus (6, 8) except P. Onchiostyle 50 #m or less, two ventral pores (N.) obesus Razjivin & Penton 1975 (5) were

J ////,~ "~ \\\\\ FIG. 3-(A-F). Paratrichodorus (Atlantadorus) grandis n. sp. A) male anterior region (holotype); B) male posterior region in ventral view (paratype); C) vagina and related structures in lateral view; D) vulva ventral view; E) male posterior region (holotype); F) female posterior region. 140 Journal of Nematology, Volume 10, No. 2, April 1978

_. ~ili i~¸ FIG. 4-(A-F), Cuticularization of the vagina. A) Trichodorus dilatatus n. sp.: B) T. elegany; C) T. cali- fornicus; D) T. intermedius n. sp.; E) T. obscurus: F) 7". cottieri. All photomicrographs of paratypes. Trichodoridae Taxonomy: Rodriguez-M., Bell 141 examined and found to have the vulva as a chodoridae, pp. 103-127. in F. Lamberti, C. E. short transverse slit. Taylor, and J. W. Seinhorst, eds. Nematode vectors of plant viruses. Plenum Press, Females of the subgenera of Paratri- London and New York. chodorus can be characterized on the basis 5. RAZJIVIN, A. A. and G. PENTON. 1975. A of vulva shape as follows: Nanidorus with new species of the genus Trichodorus (Nema- a short transverse slit, Paratrichodorus with toda) from the rhizosphere of the sugar cane in Cuba. Zoo. Zh. 54:1082-1083. (Russian a short longitudinal slit, and Atlantadorus with English abstract) with a pore-like opening. 6. RODRIGUEZ-M., R., S. A. SHER, and M. R. SIDDIQI. 1978. Systematics of the monodel- LITERATURE CITED phic species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: 1. ALLEN, M. W. 1957. A review of the nematode Diphtherophorina) with descriptions of a new genus Trichodorus with descriptions of ten genus and four new species. J. Nematol. 10: new species. Nematologica 2:32-62. 141-152. 2. CLARK, W. C. 1963. A new species of Tri- 7. SHER, S. A., A. H. BELL, and R. RODRIGUEZ- chodorus (Nematoda: Enoplida) from West- M. 1977. The face view of Trichodoridae. J. land, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Sci. 6:414-417. Nematol. 9:254-256. 3. COBB, N. A. 1913. New nematode genera found 8. SIDDIQI, M. R. 1973. Systematics of the inhabiting freshwater and non-brackish soils. genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3:432-444. ) with descriptions of three new 4. LOOF, P. A. A. 1975. Taxonomy of Tri- species. Nematologica 19:259-278.

Systematics of the Monodelphic Species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina) With Descriptions of a New Genus and Four New Species R. RODRIGUEZ-M., 1 S. A. SHER,2 and M. R. SIDDIQI ~ Abstract: I"o show the relationship of the monodelphic species of Trichodoridae with the nominal taxa, the genus Monotrichodorus is redefined, with the addititm of one new species. The new genus Allotrichodorus is proposed on the basis of new species found in Brazi.1; and one new species is described in the genus Paratrichodorus. Key Words: Taxonomy; Trichodoridae; Monotrichodorus monohystera; M. vangundyi; Allotrichodorus campanullatus; A. guttatus; Paratrichodorus (N O westindicus.

The first monodelphic species of Tri- although it was reinstated in Loof's com- chodorus Cobb, 1913, described from prehensive paper on the taxonomy of Venezuela, was named Trichodorus mono- Trichodoridae (6). Andrassy (2), with hystera Allen, 1957 (1). The female of this abbreviated explanation, proposed the species was distinguished by a single out- genus Monotrichodorus on the basis of T. stretched anterior ovary, lower position of monohystera. The uncertainty regarding the vulva, and two pairs of lateral body the taxonomic position of this group pores near the vulval level (1). Loaf (4) and the incomplete description given by mentioned some discrepancies in Allen's Andrassy provided the impetus for this description for specimens which he col- work oil the monodelphic species of this lected in Venezuela. important plant-parasitic taxon. Siddiqi (8) tentatively excluded T. The specimens used in this study are monohystera from the genus Trichodorus, primarily from the nematode survey col- lection held at the University of California, Riverside and Davis, California, USA. All Received for publication 13 October 1976. observations were made on specimens fixed Z, 2Department of Nematology, University of California, in 5% formalin and permanently mounted Riverside, California 92521. Present Address (Senior Author): Colegio de Postgraduados, Escuela Nacional de in glycerin. Some observations were made Agricultura, Chapingo, Mexico. with SEM following the technique of Sher *Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology, The White House, 103 St. Peter's St., St. Albans, Hefts., England. and Bell (7).