New and Emerging Communities in Enhancing Capacity for Advocacy FECCA NATIONAL OFFICE Unit 1, No. 4 Phipps Close, Deakin ACT 2600 PO Box 344, Curtin ACT 2605

T: +61 02 6282 5755 E: [email protected] www.fecca.org.au

© 2019 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia

No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission of FECCA.

FECCA received funding from the Australian Government Department of Home Affairs to produce this publication. Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

WHAT ARE NEW AND EMERGING COMMUNITIES? 3

THE RELEVANCE OF ADVOCACY 4

HOW DO NECS CURRENTLY REPRESENT THEIR INTERESTS? 5

INDIVIDUAL ADVOCACY 10

ENHANCING NEC CAPACITY FOR SELF-REPRESENTATION AND ADVOCACY 15

APPENDIX 1 - EXAMPLES OF AVAILABLE RESOURCES FOR NECS 19

APPENDIX 2 - METHODOLOGY 21

APPENDIX 3 - QUESTIONNAIRE 25

APPENDIX 4 – WOLLONGONG ROUNDTABLE 28

APPENDIX 5 – ROUNDTABLE 30

APPENDIX 6 – REFERENCE LIST 32 Executive Summary

This report seeks to outline how individuals and organisations from Australia’s new and emerging communities represent their interests to government, business and the broader community. The report provides guidance to policy makers, government and other stakeholders on how and where to engage with new and emerging communities. It also provides recommendations for improving the capacity of new and emerging communities in advocating to government and other stakeholders.

2 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia Some other migrant communities in Australia have What are new and grown very rapidly. These communities may also emerging communities? be considered as ‘new and emerging’ because of limited family networks and community structures, Australia’s history of migration involves great ethnic, for example South Asian communities, or because of cultural, national, linguistic, political and social diversity. limited English proficiency, for example migrants from Mainland China. There may be especially vulnerable Australia’s diversity continues to increase as individuals within these communities such as women, geo-political conditions, education and employment partner visa holders or older persons. opportunities attract new migrant communities to Australia. Australia has a higher proportion of ‘[This NEC] has many fragmentations overseas-born people (26 per cent) than the US, depending on the visa you come on, the Canada, New Zealand and the UK.1 The Australian city you are from, ethnic minority…the population includes people born in close to 200 2 origins of those coming are very different, different countries. and so is the settlement process.’3 The term, ‘new and emerging’, identifies communities Throughout history, the settlement experience of an of migrants and refugees that have recently arrived in individual, family and community has been influenced Australia and that may need additional support in the by a range of situational factors impacting the migration settlement process. The main identifiers of a new and experience including: emerging community (NEC) are: • the reason for leaving place of origin • a lack of established family networks, support systems, community structures and resources • the nature of the migration journey • unfamiliarity with mainstream services and • the support received on arrival. challenges in accessing these services. Subsequent generations of migrants to Australia NECs may have other identifiers including: from the same country of origin, ethnic background or language group may have distinct migration and • limited proficiency settlement experiences because of differing situational • high numbers of refugees factors and may be considered new and emerging communities despite the presence of the same • low levels of formal education national, ethnic or linguistic community that settled in • financial vulnerabilities previous decades. • difficulty in finding long-term and sustainable Australia has a history of migrants coming from employment. Afghanistan dating back to the 1700s. While there are Some new and emerging communities, particularly well established Afghan communities across Australia, those predominated by individuals from a refugee the specificities of identity and migration experience of background, may have most or all the identifiers or more recent arrivals from Afghanistan mean many of vulnerabilities. these newer communities are considered NECs.

1 https://www.sbs.com.au/news/a-brief-history-of-immigration-to-australia 2 http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Latestproducts/2024.0Main%20Features22016 3 All highlighted quotations through this report come from FECCA new and emerging community consultations in 2017-18.

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 3 Beyond settlement, NECs want their needs and The relevance of advocacy aspirations to be recognised in Australia’s economic policies (NECs are overrepresented among small The social and economic disadvantage that many business owners); civic participation and the political migrant and refugee communities face—especially process (CALD are underrepresented those who are recently arrived—means it is important in Australia’s politics, bureaucracies and media); they have strong and effective advocates. and social policies (for example racism and Advocacy allows individuals and communities multiculturalism). to articulate priorities, needs and aspirations to stakeholders. Advocates can help those who make ‘[Our community organisation] can be a decisions about policies and service provision better bridge as we know the people, we know understand the needs of culturally and linguistically the issues.’ diverse (CALD) communities with the goal of improving outcomes for those individuals and communities. INDIVIDUAL AND SYSTEMIC ADVOCACY

Strong advocates can also ensure that their Advocacy—articulating priorities and needs—can be communities are strong and vibrant. done on behalf of an individual to meet an immediate This is important because the issues and challenges need, or on behalf of a community to bring policy faced by NECs can be different to the needs of change that affects a whole system or service. the broader community and different to previous Individual advocacy involves an individual or an generations of migrants. Advocacy ensures that organisation working on behalf of an individual to vulnerable individuals and communities can: provide support to access services or resolve a personal • ‘Have their voices heard on issues that impact situation made complex by migration. This might include their lives support with translating, providing information and support in accessing or in interactions with government • Communicate the barriers they face in accessing services. Individual advocacy is required because of services and other social, economic and civic the failures of the system to be accessible to individuals opportunities from new and emerging community backgrounds. • Receive information relevant to them and in an Systemic advocacy involves working with stakeholders understandable and accessible format to shape policy design and implementation so it meets • Defend and safeguard the rights of vulnerable the needs of a NEC. Systemic advocacy—changing members of NECs systems—requires time, resources, and knowledge of political, economic and bureaucratic systems. By • Have their views and wishes genuinely considered removing systemic barriers, access and outcomes 4 when decisions are being made about their lives.’ for vulnerable groups are improved and the need for The issues facing newcomers to Australia from new individual advocacy is reduced. Systemic advocacy and emerging communities include barriers accessing needs to be informed by the positive and negative government services, accessing information, English experiences of individuals from new and emerging language proficiency, securing employment, education, communities in order to be of value to decision makers. and housing especially during the settlement period. It is therefore important that community advocates, working with either individual or systemic advocacy, have a deep understanding of the issues faced by a particular community.

4 http://www.seap.org.uk/im-looking-for-help-or-support/what-is-advocacy.html

4 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia These organisations have trusted and established How do NECs currently networks through which to engage and consult with represent their interests? new and emerging communities. A history of advocacy means they are respected and understood by many To create policies and systems that deliver equitable new and emerging advocates and communities. outcomes for all Australians, political, economic and Our consultations suggest that many NECs see the civic leaders, policy makers, policy influencers and value of ‘collective advocacy’ through peak bodies. service providers must understand the diverse needs NEC engagement with peak bodies remains focused of Australians. on CALD-specific organisations rather than portfolio- Unlike other established advocacy groups in the specific peak bodies. Portfolio-specific peak bodies community and business sector, new and emerging in areas such as health, social services, business, community organisations may be unfamiliar with employment and ageing have been less successful in political, economic and bureaucratic structures and engaging with and representing the interest of NECs in systems and lack resources or organisation making it these specialist areas. difficult for NECs to engage and influence policy. They Peak CALD organisations at all levels also play an are also under or unrepresented within the organisation important role in building the capacity of new migrants that they are trying to change. to navigate Australian systems and in distributing NEC individuals, representatives and organisations information to new and emerging communities. have the knowledge necessary to guide stakeholders ‘To be heard and to influence you need a and contribute to a positive change for their community. However, NEC advocacy is often common voice, united, working together.’ characterised by ad hoc efforts without long-term Peak CALD organisations work hard to consult and funding or organisational support. engage with NECs as Australia’s migrant community increases in its size and as its diversity deepens. Because of these factors, stakeholders have a While portfolio- specific organisations must do more responsibility to proactively engage NECs and to to be representative of all Australians. Peak CALD understand where and how to engage with NEC’s organisations remain best placed to identify and advocates and representatives. engage with NECs. PEAK BODIES ‘We have connections with the ECC […]. They sometimes give training here and For over 40 years Ethnic and Multicultural Community Councils (E/MCCs) have operated across Australia then we summarise and translate the as peak bodies representing the interests of CALD information into correct language and Australians and their organisations, including those provide this information to our community.’ from new and emerging communities, to state, territory and local government. Federal peak bodies have a MEDIA long history of representing NEC issues to government, business and broader community through advice, Despite the challenges faced by NECs in resourcing reports, consultations and inquiries and the media. and running advocacy campaigns, some communities These organisations include: have had success in highlighting issues of importance through media channels: • Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (FECCA) • by building relationships with individual journalists • Settlement Council of Australia (SCOA) • through the efforts of individual journalists who have an interest in and understanding of the issues • Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA) of Australia’s NECs • Multicultural Youth Advocacy Network (MYAN) • via local / regional media interest in community issues • National Ethnic Disability Alliance (NEDA). • as a result of good use of social media.

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 5 SBS The SBS Community Advisory Committee is one avenue through which SBS hears the feedback, SBS remains one of the most important conduits for opinions, and priorities from NECs and other new and emerging communities to communicate with communities. This information impacts on the strategic stakeholders and government as they move through decisions made about programming and content the settlement journey in Australia. SBS has been across the organisation. successful in including NEC voices in its entertainment, culture and news content. It is also an important source Ethnic Media of information on the experiences and challenges of NECs in Australia. Its Languages Other Than English Ethnic media (community radio, newspapers, (LOTE) programming explicitly aims to ‘ensure that all magazines) is a channel trusted by communities Australians are able to…participate in public life’5. because they are outlets run by communities for communities. Many ethnic media outlets develop SBS Radio provides news, entertainment and content in LOTE, while some use additional English information in LOTE and in ways that are culturally language content. relevant to CALD communities. For newly arrived migrants, or those who have limited English language Ethnic community broadcasting on radio is a long- proficiency, this may be one of the few reliable sources standing and popular channel of communication for of information about life in Australia that is presented in NECs and other CALD communities. The National an accessible manner. Ethnic and Multicultural Broadcasters’ Council (NEMBC) is the peak body representing radio stations SBS Radio regularly consults with communities and from across Australia. Their members broadcast in stakeholders to ensure that their language offerings over 100 languages to produce more than 2000 hours reflect shifting demographics and the communities of community language programs per week6. with greatest need. SBS Radio currently offers content in 70 language programs including many languages of The challenge for many NEC organisations engaging NECs, for example: with the media is how to communicate challenges and issues they face while also promoting positive • Haka Chin • stories of success. • Dinka • Persian NEMBC recognises that NECs may not have • Nepali • Tigrinya the networks or know-how of more established • Hmong • Tamil communities and so they provide specific assistance • Punjabi • Bangla and advice for NECs to increase their participation in • Assyrian • Gujarati broadcasting. NEMBC is one avenue through which • • NECs who use community radio to connect with their members can be part of broad and effective systemic advocacy. NEMBC and their member networks Whilst SBS is important for NECs to receive information are a respected voice on issues relating to CALD about life in Australia in their preferred language, it communities. also provides communities the opportunity to present themselves, their stories and priorities to a broader Through its website NEMBC provides practical advice audience. SBS places great importance in representing and a toolkit for community broadcasters to: stories and issues of interest to many NECs across their • use when ‘talking to decision makers’ platforms, in providing opportunities for communities • show how their radio programs can be effective to guide content, and through diversity in employment avenues for systemic advocacy (giving visibility to members of NECs and other communities through screen and air-time as well as • ‘offer politicians a chance to communicate with your behind-the-scenes). ethnic community’7.

5 https://www.sbs.com.au/aboutus/our-story/ 6 https://www.nembc.org.au/about/ 7 https://www.nembc.org.au/advocacy/toolkit-for-talking-to-decision-makers/

6 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia In the ACT FM91.1 Canberra Multicultural Service (1CMS) Community Radio has been serving the Canberra community with local, national and international news, cultural affairs, music and programs in over thirty languages other than English since 1977. 1CMS is the only dedicated multicultural radio station in the ACT and surrounding districts. Their broadcasters are dedicated volunteers from the community, broadcasting for the community.

Queensland’s 4EB FM mission is to provide the communities of South East Queensland with a comprehensive ethnic broadcasting service of a high standard, whilst promoting the principles of neutrality, independence, democracy, diversity & participation at all levels of multicultural media. It has a vision of being a media hub that provides the primary connection for culturally and linguistically diverse people. 4EB FM is specialised Radio to suit people who speak a language other than English as well as for those who have a keen interest in culture. It is Brisbane’s only multilingual radio station broadcasting 24/7 in over 50 different languages including a variety of programs in English.

89.3 FM provides local information and news, a wide mixture of music for many interests including contemporary, golden oldies, country, jazz, dance and hardcore. 2GLF serves the Liverpool and Fairfield demographic area which is predominately populated by a vast multicultural population. Programs are mostly presented in English, but the station also provides Assyrian, , Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Spanish, Hindi, Khmer, Samoan, Vietnamese, German and programs.

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 7 Mainstream Media of time and to find information about employment, government systems including schools and health FECCA consultations highlighted mainstream media’s services and where to go for help when difficulties role in how a NEC perceives itself. Constant criticism of arise. Individuals who may not have attended a place new and emerging communities leads to perceptions among those communities that the broader Australian of worship in their home or transit country may do so in community holds negative views towards newly arrived Australia as a means of building a network. communities. Occasionally a family or individual based overseas A focus in mainstream media on ‘problems’ within may contact a local religious leader when a family NECs present opportunities for NEC advocates to member based in Australia faces difficulties. They engage with the media. However, this does not allow may not know this individual and make contact only for nuanced debate that adequately explores the because they are a religious leader and assumed to be complexity of the migration and settlement experience. equipped to provide support in their absence to their This has been highlighted in recent mainstream media family members in Australia. Religious leaders can act interest in stories focusing on youth crime and ethnicity. as advocates, especially if they have connections to broader (religious or other) institutional networks and The news-cycle and industry is often unforgiving of / or have been here for a long period of time. Often inexperienced media players without resources to advocacy responsibilities fall on younger congregation hire teams of PR ‘spin doctors’, invest in expensive members who have high English language proficiency media training for community spokespersons, or who communicate in English in a way that is unfamiliar to or are second generation Australians. mainstream audiences (heavily accented, idiosyncratic Social media: CALD Australians may choose to use syntax, unconventional phrasing). Interactions with social media in their own language or as a safe space mainstream media are often sources of frustration for to discuss the challenges and barriers faced in their NECs who feel their interests are misunderstood or daily life. Trending reports of issues within a community misrepresented. communicated through social media, ethnic media or ‘I write many articles, I also use ABC radio. community organisations highlight the issues faced I use those means of communication to get by the community and should be considered as a our messages out.’ means of advocacy. Policy makers such as government departments, decision makers including politicians, Some NECs have utilised the mainstream media and service providers should proactively engage effectively by offering op-eds, creating podcasts, and with communities through these fora as they are an having media-trained, articulate spokespeople available important means of communicating issues. for interviews and opinions. Journalists from CALD backgrounds or with expertise on issues including Conferences: Conferences focused on CALD immigration, people seeking asylum, social justice and communities and other CALD community gatherings multiculturalism—while few—enable NEC voices to be are an important means through which new and heard. Personal stories and local relevance can mean emerging communities advocate and present issues that NECs are able to share experiences through local that are currently impacting community members. Many mainstream media including regional newspapers. organisations hold their own conferences as a way of bringing community members together. It can be Being able to draw upon the expertise of individuals difficult to learn about the variety of new and emerging who understand the news-cycle and the unspoken community conferences and other events that are norms of mainstream media can assist NECs to be taking place because there is currently no central list or more effective and proactive in their advocacy. Broadly, register of events for stakeholders to access. however, mainstream media is not a major channel for NEC advocacy. Service providers OTHER ADVOCACY CHANNELS AND Service providers are important sources of information COMMUNITY FORUMS on the experiences of new and emerging community organisations as they have daily direct contact with NECs. Places of worship: Among recently arrived individuals and their communities, places of worship are an NECs often share their challenges and issues with important place to meet other community members, staff working in service providers including settlement from their own community but also from other service providers, job service providers, health care communities, who have been here for a longer period professionals and law enforcement.

8 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia ‘Service providers are very good because providers? Stakeholders need to guide NECs on how they also operate locally and we have to work with peak bodies and other organisations who more contact with them. Lobbying service can support them in their advocacy work beyond the providers is easier for us than approaching face to face meeting. government departments.’ ‘People are not used to the [local] council Organisations such as settlement services providers being there to help you. They know there is and the peak body SCOA, should be considered as a local council but they have no idea what important advocates and encouraged to raise systemic they offer.’ issues with government and decision makers given their close and regular contact with NECs. Advisory councils and committees ‘Migrants want to give back to Australia Representatives from NECs are often included on and must be given the chance.’ advisory groups to government and other agencies on a range of issues. These can be very effective avenues Face to face meetings for NECs to shape policy and help decision makers to understand NECs. However, successful engagement NECs place high value on face to face communication through these fora is dependent upon the nature of the with councillors, politicians (state/territory and federal) advisory group and support offered to participants, for and senior bureaucrats. These interactions give example: status and importance to the matters of concern to NECs. Many representatives of NECs will use these • Do new and emerging community participants feel interactions to archive the event through a posed safe in sharing their views? photograph. A photograph provides evidence to • Do NEC participants know what is expected of them? community members that their representatives are • Are the most appropriate NEC representatives advocating on their behalf, that they have gravitas, and identified? their issues are taken seriously by policy makers and ‘powerful people’. • Are participants paid to attend and the costs of attending covered? However, while face to face communication is viewed as important, some NEC representatives • Are NEC participants supported and resourced to have expressed frustration that such interactions did consult, research and prepare? not result in immediate change. Among some NEC • Are the forums managed to allow all voices to be advocates there is limited understanding of jurisdiction heard? and influence, for example: • Are concerns and issues raised by NECs • the division of responsibility between state and responded to? territory representatives Achieving results in systemic advocacy requires • government versus opposition resources to fund research and develop evidence • (shadow) ministers versus backbenchers and policy. It is the responsibility of those convening advisory councils to ensure that communities are • public servants versus politicians. resourced and linked with organisations that can ‘We make sure that we are always support them in their contribution to these processes. present—at meetings, on conference calls, Many NECs bring with them to Australia experiences of speaking to local council, to organisations mistrust and suspicion with regards to interactions with and to politicians—this is how we try to government and bureaucratic processes. Building trust have a voice.’ and strong collaborative relationships are foundational to effective systemic advocacy and cannot be the sole Stakeholders conducting face to face interactions with responsibility of NEC advocates. NECs have a responsibility to manage expectations. If the issue at stake is an issue of individual or systemic Governments and bureaucracies must work proactively advocacy, what might be the ‘next steps’—in the to develop relationships of trust with NECs. short, medium, and long term? Next steps for NECs? Next steps for policy makers? Next steps for service

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 9 Individual advocacy ‘People call me all the time and ask for help…and I do this because where else Individual advocacy is how community members could they go?’ support each other in finding appropriate resources to Individual advocacy is also used to assist new and solve problems they face. This can be most acute in emerging community members entering the workforce. crisis situations where individuals are distraught and at a loss as to where to turn for assistance. NEC members ‘[Our community organisation] is starting are more vulnerable than other Australians and more to prepare our people for the workforce. often than not turn to trusted key individuals within their The way people work here is different from own communities to provide this support. where they are from.’ NECs have reflected that many individuals seek For NECs, finding long-term and sustainable support within communities for issues they consider employment is dependent on many factors such as too personal or culturally inappropriate to discuss with networks with the wider community and employers, service providers outside the community. These issues having Australian work experience, and recognition can include: of overseas skills. Community advocates provide • support for victims/survivors of family and domestic significant support by: violence when access to appropriate services is • linking individuals to employment networks or inadequate employers • bilingual support and patient advocacy for • ensuring the translation of qualification/skills individuals in hospital certificates • support for families and individuals moving through • assisting individuals to understand Australian the criminal justice system. employment cultural norms Individual advocacy provides community members in • locating and purchasing appropriate work attire and need with crucial information or support and is often a equipment. bridge between individuals and service providers.

10 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia Community networks ensure a smoother running of Not appreciating the difference between leader everyday activities through individuals helping each or elder and advocate/representative/mobiliser/ other with daily activities such as child care and cooking change agent can create misunderstandings and of meals. This advocacy is particularly important for inefficiencies in achieving outcomes. those involved in care giving duties who are mostly ‘at-home’ and therefore at greater risk of isolation ‘I don’t call myself a leader because and loneliness. These networks assist in identifying I’m not the leader of my community but community members who have particular vulnerabilities community mobiliser is a good term and it or needs and then organising community based captures many of us in my community.’ assistance for the tasks where they require support. Change agents and mobilisers within NECs often see ‘Once we had a community member pass themselves as those who ‘just get things done’. They away and he had no family in Australia. are motivated by altruism and frequently do not receive We collected contributions from the any formal or public recognition for their work. It is community and raised enough money for therefore important to understand the different roles his funeral.’ within a community.

In important life events such as the death of a family CHALLENGES FOR NECS IN member, births and weddings, individual advocacy SELF-REPRESENTATION AND ADVOCACY often takes the form of providing both bureaucratic and social support. Often cultural traditions around New and emerging communities encounter many these life events differ from what NEC members find in challenges in self-representation and advocacy that Australia. Individual advocacy ensures the appropriate differ from more established advocacy or lobby groups, procedures to allow for community members to mourn communities and organisations. or celebrate in a respectful, lawful and culturally appropriate manner. Human resources Communities and organisations that want to engage WHO ARE NEC ADVOCATES? in activities to benefit their members must be able to Stakeholders who wish to engage with NECs can find it recruit individuals with the time and skills required. difficult to identify an appropriate community advocate. The skills required to work with and on behalf of NECs Community representatives may not necessarily may include language (sometimes multiple languages be leaders or elders, but those skilled in navigating or dialects as well as English), knowledge of the systems and communicating in English as well as issues faced by the community, and time to undertake community languages. advocacy. Community elders or leaders may be recognised ‘Working with [NEC] means you must be because of their cultural, religious or other on the ground’ seniority rather than an expectation of involvement in community advocacy. For this reason, some Success in advocacy is more likely when those involved community representatives see their role/function as understand the system in which they are operating. The representative, advocate, mobiliser or change agent— nature of NECs is that they have limited experience of rather than leader. In developing trust with communities the Australian political and social environment. Finding it is important for stakeholders to understand the individuals with the lived experience and understanding difference between a ‘leader’ and a ‘mobiliser’ or of NEC issues who also have the skills and experience ‘advocate’. Misunderstandings can arise when a to navigate institutional and political structures and representative or mobiliser is invited to an event, but have a willingness to bear the burden of working as an not an elder or leader and vice versa. advocate is a real challenge. There can be the assumption, particularly from external stakeholders, that the majority of community advocacy work is enacted by figurehead leaders whereas consultations indicate that community mobilisers and change agents undertake a far greater workload than what is often reflected in interactions with high-level policy makers.

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 11 ‘Sustained and long-term systemic There are also challenges in relying upon a figurehead advocacy within communities should not or individual advocate in systemic advocacy as these be reliant on individuals and requires the leaders can be less connected to, or unfamiliar with, the development of broad community capacity.’ breadth of issues facing members of their community. It is difficult for an individual—particularly a volunteer—to Without organisational and financial resources, those consult widely. As a result, diversity and diverse views involved in NEC advocacy and community activities within a community may not be well represented. are often volunteers carrying out this work in addition to their paid employment. As a result there is often a Volunteers heavy reliance on individuals within a community to New and emerging community advocacy work advocate at both the systemic and individual level. relies heavily on volunteer labour by members of Some individuals find themselves as an advocate of the community. Volunteers also bring grassroots a community because of circumstance rather than knowledge and enable strong community trust choice. For example: between advocates and the people they represent. • they have high proficiency in English as well as one or more community languages ‘We are depending on our volunteers and they are amazing but if they don’t get any • they have been in Australia for a comparatively long [payment] they will find other places to period of time work [for payment] and because of this they • they work in a sector that provides them with come and go all the time and we struggle knowledge or understanding of government with that. We have many good people but structures and services we would love to have them long-term.’ • they have other leadership roles in the community— However, there are challenges in the sustainability for example as a faith leader or elder and continuity of work due to competing priorities • they work in a role that puts them in touch with the for volunteers including paid employment, caring community, for example as a health professional, responsibilities and education. academic or translator/interpreter. ‘We work seven days a week without any ‘It would be good to equip all the rest. Especially the weekends are the [community] members so that they could working days for us.’ contribute. The risk is that if I am busy then A heavy reliance upon volunteers without a resourced nothing gets done.’ organisation or secretariat also means that there is no Individuals in these circumstances are often placed mechanism for passing on information and knowledge under huge pressure to support their communities. The over time and between volunteers that frequently change. burden can impact upon family life and career choices When volunteers are unavailable, promising projects as they bear the responsibility of supporting the broader or initiatives fail because there is not the availability community. These responsibilities can prevent talented of a sustainable workforce (paid or unpaid) to guide individuals from participating in more mainstream projects to completion. political, economic, academic and social processes that could otherwise effect broader change. Reliance upon NECs also worry that the reliance on unpaid volunteer individuals also has other challenges, such as: labour (and the vagaries of this) can contribute to a perception amongst external stakeholders that NEC • enormous emotional pressure and workloads and their organisations are unreliable or not committed placed on individuals leading to ‘burn out’ to collaborative efforts. • no institutional memory is built up when relying upon individuals rather than organisations to advocate; • advocacy is piecemeal and dependent upon members of the community being able to access the individual; • gaps in representation in cases where an individual moves away or withdraws from their role.

12 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia Networks Physical Infrastructure Networks are important to receive useful introductions, A lack of physical infrastructure has been mentioned collect information, get advice, have credibility, by many NECs as a challenge in the everyday running obtain references for funding and other opportunities of community organisations: and gain access to decision makers. Relationships • many NECs note how they have been unsuccessful at community, state and national level underpin in attracting certain kinds of funding due to the lack successful systemic advocacy. of physical premises For NECs, effective networks would include links to: • NECs are aware that operating from the home • diverse members within their community address of key individuals is not an ideal situation when interacting with external stakeholders, • existing CALD organisations particularly with the government. • broader community advocacy organisations ‘We don’t have an actual office at the • decision makers in Government departments and moment but I turned the public hall into an service providers office and I also use my house or I just sit • journalists and media outlets under a tree and people come to see me.’ • large corporate organisations A lack of physical premises also impacts on the • potential funding sources. communities’ ability to expand their advocacy from individual to systemic. Systemic advocacy requires not ‘Collaborating and interdependency is very only the skills and knowledge of NEC leaders, but also powerful. It is important because what you regular interaction between them and the communities don’t see someone else will see and react.’ they represent. For many Australians, these types of networks are Community gatherings and consultations are difficult developed over decades through family, school, tertiary when there is a lack of an appropriate meeting place. education, the workplace and social interests. For Community members also mention the need for a newer arrivals to Australia, networks are often limited. physical place they can go to, to seek support and advice on the range of issues previously mentioned. ‘It is not easy when you work with the community and they don’t know much. You carry the burden for them and you face challenging bureaucracy. To know the bureaucracy you need to have access and then you have to have the contacts. Accessibility is very important.’

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 13 Organisational infrastructure • conflict between receiving funding for individual projects or service provision and ability to carry Outside of established advocacy organisations, the out advocacy reliance upon individuals for NEC advocacy reflects the lack of established organisations. The focus on issues • limitations in criteria for funding opportunities of importance that drive advocacy means that limited often preclude NEC or activities which these attention is paid to the establishment of organisational communities prioritise. structure and good processes. This is important to In applying for large grants, NECs often lack a ensure that groups are as representative as possible. competitive advantage when applying for the same ‘[NEC] are not sure where to go to get help grants as more established CALD communities or with various [organisational] paperwork, when competing with mainstream organisations. apply for funding, getting organisations This aspect of competition is a concern for many NECs and the perception of competition is often started etc.’ considered a deterrent to writing applications. NECs While some NECs work as associations with worry that their limited organisational structure and governance structures, many rely upon ad hoc physical infrastructure is a disadvantage in major grant and informal arrangements. Many NECs reported applications and therefore either do not apply or search challenges in understanding rules around the forming for smaller one-off grants. of associations and incorporation and the associated reporting and registration requirements. Concerns ‘There are some grants that are just too over meeting obligations and the volunteer nature of unachievable. We look at them and we know NEC groups and advocates often dissuade NECs from we would not fit because the funding criteria establishing more formal organisations. Many NECs doesn’t [suit] emerging communities.’ are unaware of the relative ease of establishing an For many NECs, work that they may consider informal association in a state or territory. and community-based such as childcare, aged care, ‘Organisational skills are important, like provision of food services and other community training in how to develop an organisation.’ activities is heavily regulated in Australia. In order to attract funding, organisations engaging in this type Financial resources of work require high level organisational capacity, significant investment and robust governance structures. Inadequate financial resources was mentioned by all NECs as a major challenge in their self-representation Some NECs receive funding from state/territory and advocacy. Through our consultations, the following governments to support community events and festivals. barriers were highlighted by NECs in efforts to source While this is a welcoming and much needed support for funding: this purpose, ongoing funding to develop a NEC into a sustainable organisation is not often available. • lack of skilled personnel to draft successful funding applications Community organisations play a vital role in facilitating community engagement and improving participation • absence of track record in successfully acquitting in Australian society.8 Through the development of prior grants strong grassroots community organisations NECs can • lack of adequate or appropriate physical increase their social connectedness and participation infrastructure to conduct grant activities in a manner in broader community events and discussions. deemed acceptable by grant providers • competing with more established CALD communities or mainstream organisations for limited pool of grants

8 Starting and Running your Community Organisation: A guide, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (FECCA), 2016.

14 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia The collective internal community knowledge about Enhancing NEC capacity their own communities must be recognised and valued for self-representation by stakeholders engaging with NECs. Capacity building efforts should focus on how to leverage knowledge of and advocacy community advocates of the communities they represent to help stakeholders become more culturally competent Throughout the consultations guiding this report, NEC in meeting the needs of new and emerging communities. advocates emphasised the importance of shifting the focus of advocacy away from individuals to systemic ‘[NECs] need to train the politicians. If they advocacy to improve access and equity for all NECs don’t know about the issues, we need in their interactions with government services and to educate them. Tell them these are the broader society. Improvements to structures, systems community issues and this is what you and process that make government services more need to do.’ culturally competent enable individuals to advocate confident that they will be supported. Based on the consultations undertaken for this project, FECCA has developed the following list ‘I have the strategic view of what is of recommendations for NECs, peak bodies and happening in the community now—what government to ensure a broader representation of are the needs and how to respond to those NECs at all levels of policy. These recommendations needs. My knowledge is there but I don’t seek to strengthen the capacity for NECs to advocate really know what bureaucratic steps I need in a systemic and sustainable manner and enhance the to take.’ ability for effective collaboration between NECs and other stakeholders. Advocates also emphasised the need for continued individual advocacy through funded, expert organisations.

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 15 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEW AND EMERGING COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS

Identify organisational priorities for improving or enhancing processes and governance. Use existing toolkits and resources (see Appendix 1) to assist in making positive change.

Call, write and meet with established CALD organisations, peak organisations and other NEC organisations, to develop opportunities for collaboration and knowledge/resource sharing.

Develop a media strategy which includes a focus on ethnic media (print, radio, digital, television). Advice on media strategies are available in a range of toolkits.

Share the work around—encourage and support diverse members of the community to become active on different issues. Ensure a good mix of individuals doing advocacy—gender, age, English language proficiency, life experience, migration experience, religion.

Develop relationships with decision makers through meetings, letter writing, and invitations to community events. Ensure relationships are with a cross-section of influencers and decision makers—state/ territory politicians, senior bureaucrats, federal politicians, local schools, emergency services, unions, local government.

Don’t give up! Persistence and resilience are key in both individual and systemic advocacy.

16 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT

Increase opportunities for targeted financial support for NECs. Provide funding opportunities not just for projects or programs but also for organisations to improve infrastructure and processes.

Increase training and support opportunities for NEC grant applicants which enhance their potential for success in all government funding rounds.

Strengthen connections with grassroots organisations. Be active and enthusiastic at community events. Develop trust through participation and engagement. Attend a cross-section of events not just those which match government priority areas.

Broaden connections with NECs beyond figurehead leaders.

Establish a two-way communication process where support is provided to NECs and where government learns from NECs—needs, strengths, knowledge and skills. Ensure this communication is ongoing and genuine, not just mobilised in relation to crises or to achieve policy outcomes.

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 17 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEAK BODIES

Facilitate the collaboration between NECs and other stakeholders by making introductions, holding networking events, and hosting innovation and collaboration opportunities.

Enhance support for NECs sustainability through capacity building and mentoring.

Ensure that NEC issues are represented in peak body systemic advocacy initiatives.

Continue to engage, consult and collaborate with NECs.

Establish a directory of NEC organisations in your area of responsibility.

Establish and administer community forums on stakeholder websites to share issues affecting NECs and other CALD communities.

Encourage NEC to share information on events across Australia with FECCA to be included in FECCA e-news.

18 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia Appendix 1 - Examples of available resources for NECs

QUEENSLAND NEW SOUTH WALES

The Community Leadership Program with the Ethnic The Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA) invites Communities’ Council of Queensland (ECCQ) focuses people from refugee backgrounds to join the Refugee on leadership and communication skills. In particular it Communities Advocacy Network (RCAN). RCAN focuses on how to: advocates on a range of issues including the Australian Humanitarian Program, settlement issues, Australian • undertake advocacy asylum and detention policies as well as international • network issues. • manage formal meetings The NSW Service for Treatment and Rehabilitation of • undertake conflict resolution Torture and Trauma Survivors’ (STARTTS) Communities in Cultural Transition (CiCT) Program develops • manage events governance and leadership capacity for non-funded • effectively use social media.9 associations and groups from newly arrived, small and emerging community service organisations and SOUTH AUSTRALIA empower them to stand on their own.

The Successful Communities project with the AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY Multicultural Communities’ Council of South Australia (MCCSA). This projects aims at providing practical Migrant and Refugee Settlement Services’ (MARSS) support to people within vulnerable and emerging Multicultural Leadership Program focuses on upskilling culturally diverse community groups. The goal is to existing and potential community leaders from new and support communities in planning for the future, develop emerging communities so that they can advocate their strong leadership, engage people and volunteers, and needs and interests with local government and other execute successful projects10. agencies, landlords and businesses. The goal is to assist individual migrants and their families find employment, WESTERN AUSTRALIA education, training and social integration. Companion House’s Training and Professional Office of Multicultural Interests’ (OMI) Leadership and Development program works with communities from Governance program focuses on building capacity refugee backgrounds to build community support for of CALD community members, equipping CALD refugees and work with policy makers and government community members with information, knowledge to influence Government policy and build service and skills to enable them to apply for and participate systems that are accessible to asylum seekers and on relevant boards and committees. The program people from refugee backgrounds. also facilitates engagement of CALD communities in government decision-making processes.

9 The Community Leadership Program is funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services. 10 The Successful Communities initiative is supported by the Australian Government Department of Social Services through the Strengthening Communities Programme.

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 19 VICTORIA

The Ethnic Communities Council of Victoria (ECCV) has produced Toolkit Talks—Enhancing Governance Resources with the support of The Scanlon Foundation & Equity Trustees. The Toolkit includes information sheets and activity worksheets covering subjects such as governance and strategy, building volunteer capacity, multicultural mentoring, sustainability, and multicultural stakeholder engagement.

THE FEDERATION OF ETHNIC COMMUNITIES’ COUNCILS OF AUSTRALIA (FECCA)

As the national peak body, FECCA has developed a set of tools to assist communities in the development of a community organisation and in capacity building. These tools include: • FECCA Good Governance Toolkit • Starting and Running your own Community Organisation: A Guide • Community Leadership Advocacy and Skills: A Resource Kit for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in Australia • NEC Roundtables.

20 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia Appendix 2 - Methodology

The project methodology for this research consisted of • Australian Mosaic issue 46, Shared Experiences and six different stages: Learnings from African Communities in Australia, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of • Literature review Australia (2017) • Consultations • Australian Mosaic issue11, Leadership and advocacy • Summary of findings part 2: rural and new and emerging communities, • Roundtables Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (2005) • Analysis and Final report CONSULTATIONS LITERATURE REVIEW FECCA conducted a total of 19 consultations using The literature review focused on concepts and theories networks including FECCA’s NEC Advisory committee, of advocacy and community representation and reports members and other FECCA partners. Consultations of advocacy initiatives among migrants and refugees were held in person when and where possible but from NEC. The literature review highlighted a shortage of otherwise were conducted over the phone. research on NEC and other vulnerable group advocacy in Australia and New Zealand, including examples of NEC were positive about being contacted and good practice. enthusiastic to share their experiences. Many of the participants assisted FECCA by providing contact details List of documents reviewed for this report: of other community leaders and members to participate The literature review also involved reviewing FECCA in the research. publications relating to NEC such as: Most of the community advocates work full time outside • ‘Improving Access to Funding for New and Emerging of their community engagement and advocacy activities. Communities, Summary of issues and Solutions’, FECCA is grateful for the time given by all community Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of leaders and advocates who took part in this study. Australia (2015) Questions were developed by FECCA to allow for open • ‘Better beginnings. Better futures. Improving discussion and to encourage a broad range of topics to 11 Outcomes for New and Emerging Communities’, be covered during consultations. Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (2014) • ‘FECCA Good Governance Toolkit, Building and Sustaining Your Not-For profit Organisation’, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (2010) • ‘Community Leadership Advocacy and Skills, A Resource Kit for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in Australia’, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (2009) • ‘Starting and Running Your Community Organisation: A Guide’, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (2016)

11 See appendix 2 for the full questionnaire

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 21 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The following communities took part in FECCA consultations12:

State/ Community Date Participant Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Territory

African NSW 11.01.18 Community Difficulties with NEC have capacity but The risk of people mobiliser keeping volunteers on lack support in the community a long-term basis becoming isolated

African ACT 23.01.18 Community The difficulties The need for training Time and commitment mobiliser accessing funding in developing is a challenge advocacy skills

Latin ACT 24.01.18 Community There is a need for Multicultural Advocacy often not American mobiliser targeted every-day communities are good at the top of the list of interpreting services in supporting each priorities for NEC other

South TAS 06.02.18 Community Challenges with Leadership Targeted training for Sudanese leader attracting funding challenges, in NEC, including broad particular time spectre of members

South NSW 13.02.18 Community Existing skills within Lack of networks with The desire among Sudanese leader NEC peak bodies South Sudanese community to be part of the wider Australian society

Brazilian VIC 14.02.18 Community Successful NEC and the The impact on mobiliser collaboration with local willingness to do more the community peak body but lack of resources organisation when depending on volunteers

Iranian ACT 15.02.18 Community Lots of skills within The need for Migrants as part of mobiliser the community but a formalised NEC and face same lack of bureaucratic organisation to attract issues as refugees knowledge more volunteers

Oromo VIC 15.02.18 Community The need for greater Funding competition Misconceptions from leader collaboration between with established the wider Australian NEC communities society

Congolese NT 22.02.18 Community Community mobilisers Struggles to get grants The need for a mobiliser have extensive two-way integration knowledge about their process community

Congolese NSW 22.03.18 Community Members of the Policy must be a two- Communities must mobiliser African community way process—policy work together often work as makers must learn individuals rather than from the communities a community

12 The community leaders and mobilisers attending the consultations are not identified for privacy reasons

22 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia State/ Community Date Participant Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Territory

Bhutanese SA 29.03.18 Community Challenges in writing Not many community Community leader grant applications, skills in systemic representation lack of writing advocacy important to engage experience with the wider Australian society

South VIC 03.04.18 Community The need to advocate Lack of knowledge Must identify people Sudanese mobiliser on behalf of the older in the federal in the community who generation in the government of what is can advocate and then community actually happening at provide training state level

Sudanese VIC 03.04.18 Community Some members Community members Language is an issue— mobiliser of the community need training to get people have the skills have advocacy skills more confident in in their own language but need broader speaking up participation from community members

African & WA 18.04.18 Community To start a community Difficult for new A challenge to Ageing mobiliser organisation is time migrants to attract people with consuming and understand the experience to do sustainable funding is Australian bureaucracy volunteer work necessary

Bhutanese TAS 25.04.18 Community Difficulties in writing Challenges with Great need for leader funding applications time for community advocacy and members and community therefore lack organisational training of knowledge in advocacy work

CALD QLD 02.05.18 The need for both Government Challenging to lobby disability individual and departments need for system change peak systemic advocacy increased cultural competence

Peak body ACT 24.01.18 Lack of knowledge Communities must The Australian system within departments be encouraged to is different so most and organisations due collaboration communities need to large turn-over of assistance in the staff beginning

Peak body SA 07.02.18 Uncertainties in the Uncertainties among Amazing capacity in communities where to service providers on the communities— get help with every day how to get in contact must develop trust tasks with NEC

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 23 ROUNDTABLES Brisbane

FECCA organised two roundtables to give NEC The second roundtable was held in Brisbane on 14 an opportunity to network and interact with key May 2018 for NEC in Queensland. This roundtable government and advocacy stakeholders as well as included 12 participants from five different cultural/ media, service providers and private industry. linguistic communities together with a federal politician, media, settlement services and a peak body advocacy The main aim of the roundtables was to provide organisation.14 opportunities for NEC to share experiences and to improve skills in advocacy, stakeholder engagement The roundtable was facilitated with the support and community representation. Another aim of the from Eidfest Community Services and the Ethnic roundtables was for FECCA to improve engagement Communities Council of Queensland (ECCQ). Some of with NEC in regional as well as metropolitan locations. the key tips in community representation for NEC that emerged during the event were: Wollongong • Be persistent but polite The first roundtable was held in Wollongong on 20 • Be clear in your message February 2018 and included 20 community members from seven different cultural/linguistic communities • Build and maintain relationships as well as a state politician, a federal politician, media • Seek networks, collaborate and private industry.13 The roundtable was organised and facilitated with the support of the Multicultural • Paint a picture, tell real stories Communities’ Councils of Illawarra (MCCI). • Approach your local media Key points discussed and advice from politicians, Both roundtables were very well received. The media and private industry for NEC were: participants expressed positive feedback appreciating 1. The importance of building relationships the opportunity to learn from each other, to interact (advocacy = relationships) with state and federal MPs, and to discuss media strategies with media professionals. There was a clear 2. Know what you want from MPs, what are the issues call for similar events in other states to give more NEC 3. Suggest solutions to the issues the opportunity to network and learn from important stakeholders. 4. Write down talking points for MPs (1 page summary in clear language about issues and possible solutions) 5. Be clear about the follow-up procedures (who will do what, what did you promise to do for the MP, what will they do for you) 6. Use personal stories 7. Understand state/federal responsibilities—but most MPs will refer you to the correct person so just contact even if you are not sure 8. MPs staff are skilled, do not get disappointed if you do not get to talk to the MP but instead with a staff. They will work through individual statements in detail with you 9. Communicate with MPs in multiple ways, letters and campaigns (gives MPs a better scope of the issue) 10. The default position: all MPs want to help 11. Get involved!

13 See appendix 3 for flyer and program for the Wollongong roundtable 14 See appendix 4 for flyer and program for the Brisbane roundtable

24 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia Appendix 3 - Questionnaire

The consultations with NEC leaders and members, What is your role in the community/organisation: one-on-one or in a smaller group, will consist of mostly open-ended questions to allow for discussions and What CALD population does your organisation/ general input from the participants. community represent:

Main topics to cover: Is your organisation (please select the most relevant • the NEC organisations role option) • Details about the services they provide a. A local organisation • The community needs they address b. A regional organisation • The community(ies) they represent c. A state-wide organisation • The financial challenges they face d. A national organisation • The organisational challenges they face e. Other. Please specify______

• How they operate Where does your organisation operate? • Their view on advocacy—what is meant by a. Metropolitan area advocacy b. Rural/remote area • Strategies for representation and advocacy c. Both • Main issues they want to advocacy on d. Other. Please specify______• Peak body contacts • Advocacy goals beyond the initial settlement issues When was the community/organisation established? such as employment, housing and access to social a. Last 0-2 years services b. Last 3-5 years • Familiarity with the Australian system c. More than 5 years ago GENERAL INFORMATION Or Profile of organisation/community: d. Please specify the year when the organisation was established Please provide the following details of your organisation/community: (not necessary if members Which of the below categories represents the of several communities are gathered for the same majority of your client group? Please select one or consultation) more options Name or person(s) in this consultation: a. Permanent residents or Australian citizens from Name of organisation/community: the ethnic, cultural or religious group that the Address: organisations represents Email address: Website: b. Temporary residents from the ethnic, cultural or religious group that the organisations represents c. Family stream migrants with low English proficiency d. Refugees and other humanitarian entrants e. Asylum seekers f. Other. Please specify______

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 25 FUNDING AND OPERATIONS ADVOCACY

Do you receive any funding? If so, which funding In your opinion, what is advocacy? source do you rely on? a. Public grants How would you go around impacting policy? What • Federal Government do you do when you want to change something? • State or territory Government What strategies do you find effective/or do you think • Local Government would be effective? b. Private grants What are the advocacy roles your community is c. Donations engaged with? Main source of funding ______How well do you feel you know the Australian Do you have knowledge and usage of private political system and bureaucracy? funding opportunities? If your organisation conducts advocacy, who is What do you find most difficult in attracting or your target audience? Please select one or multiple applying for funding? options: a. Private sector For your community/organisation to grow, what support/assistance would be most useful to secure b. The community at large more funding? c. A specific ethnic, cultural or religious group a. Building partnerships/networks d. Service providers b. Training programs to develop skills in writing e. Local government representatives funding applications and fundraising, marketing, campaigning and networking f. State government representatives c. Simplified application forms and funding criteria g. Federal government representatives d. Mentoring h. Other. Please specify______

e. Improved engagement and communication between What do you and/or your community perceive as the funding bodies and community organisations most pressing issues that impact on your advocacy abilities and continuation of your community group: What do you find most difficult in writing project proposals to funding bodies? a. Funding cuts and funding uncertainty b. Lack of knowledge and experience with writing What are the most common needs that need to be funding applications addressed for your community members? c. The political environment a. Housing d. Discrimination and negative attitudes b. Legal e. Navigating the Australian political system and c. Financial understanding the lobbying and advocacy d. Health processes e. Education f. Raising the profile of the organisation f. Employment g. Lack of opportunities and access to formal means of communication where to communicate the g. Aged care organisation’s knowledge of community issues and h. Child services needs. i. Emergency relief h. Lack of social and professional networks j. Other ______

26 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia i. Lack of access to professional network, including Do you use any type of social media? Please select mailing lists, newsletters and other communication all the options applicable: mechanisms a. Twitter j. Being informed about funding opportunities, b. Facebook consultations, submissions, etc. c. Linkedin k. Managing conflicts with organisations representing same ethnic groups due to personal interests, d. Youtube differing political or religious views. e. Online discussion forums l. Volunteer nature of advocacy role in your f. Blog community (if relevant) g. Flickr What do you find most difficult when engaging with h. None the broader Australian community in representing your own community? i. Instagram j. Other. Please specify How do you ensure that your advocacy strategy is aligned with the needs of the community you Are there any specific areas where your community represent? needs expert assistance to improve or grow? a. Consultations and meeting with the community What are the main challenges to achieve your b. Survey advocacy goals/community engagement? c. Workshop What would be your ideal way of improving your d. Forums advocacy skills?

How do your community promote your messages to a. Capacity building workshops the wider Australian society? b. Strategies for leaders for easy implementation in a. establishing a newsletter your community b. having a website on the internet c. One-on-one training c. getting published d. Other______d. producing and distributing brochures, flyers and posters e. submitting articles to newspapers f. using the media g. holding public forums h. hosting social events i. speaking at meetings of other groups; j. submitting to government policy reviews and to government committees k. speaking at conferences

New and Emerging Communities in Australia 27 Appendix 4 – Wollongong Roundtable

28 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia New and Emerging Communities in Australia 29 Appendix 5 – Brisbane Roundtable

30 Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia New and Emerging Communities in Australia 31 Appendix 6 – Reference List

Australian Government Department of Home Affairs, Ethnic Communities’ Council of Victoria, (ECCV), ECCV Fact Sheet – Australia’s Refugee and Humanitarian Position Paper, New and Emerging Communities, Program, Commonwealth of Australia, accessed online http://eccv.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/5- 06.04.18, https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/about/ Sept_2012_Final_New_and_Emerging_Communities_ corporate/information/fact-sheets/60refugee. ECCV_Position_Paper_1.pdf, ECCV 2012.

Australian Government Department of Social Services, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Guide to Supporting Settlement in Regional Australia, Australia (FECCA), FECCA Good Governance Commonwealth of Australia 2017. Toolkit, Building and Sustaining Your Not-For profit Organisation, FECCA 2010 Australian Mosaic issue 46, Shared Experiences and Learnings from African Communities in Australia, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia (FECCA), Community Leadership Advocacy Australia, 2017. and Skills, A Resource Kit for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in Australia, Australian Mosaic issue 11, Leadership and advocacy FECCA 2009 part 2: rural and new and emerging communities, Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia, 2005. Australia (FECCA), Starting and Running Your Community Organisation: A Guide, FECCA 2016 Blake, G., J. Diamond, J. Foot, B. Gidley, M. Mayo, K. Shukra and M Yarnit, Community engagement Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of and community cohesion, Joseph Rowntree Australia (FECCA), ‘Improving Access to Funding for Foundation 2008 New and Emerging Communities, Summary of issues and Solutions’, FECCA October 2015. Cordero-Guzman, Hector R., Community-Based Organisations and Migration in New York City, Journal Kindler, M., V. Ratcheva, M. Piechowska, Social of Ethnic Migration Studies, Vol. 31, No. 5, September networks, social capital and migrant integration and 2005, pp. 889-909 local level, European literature review, University of Birmingham, IRIS Working Paper Series, No. 6, 2015. DiverseWerks, Needs and Assets Assessment: New and Emerging Communities, prepared for the South Millwood Consulting, Mapping the Advocacy Capacity Eastern Local Health District and partners of the Refugee and Asylum Seeker Sector in Australia, including Central and Eastern Sydney PHN, Advance June 2015 Diversity Services, Sydney Multicultural Community Services, and Gymea Community Aid and Information Refugee Council of Australia (RCOA), The Strength Centre, DiverseWerks, 2017 Within: the role of community organisations in Settlement, RCOA 2014. Elliott, S and I Yusuf (2014) ‘Yes, we can; but together’: social capital and refugee resettlement, Kotuitui: New State of Victoria, Victorian African Communities Action Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 9:2, Plan, Investing over the long-term, 2018-2013, State of 101-110, DOI: 10.1080/1177083X.2014.951662. Victoria (Department of Premier and Cabinet) 2017.

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