Zootaxa, Pollicipes Caboverdensis Sp. Nov. (Crustacea: Cirripedia
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Stalked Barnacles
*Manuscript Click here to view linked References Stalked barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset, UK; palaeoecology and bearing on the evolution of living forms Andy Gale School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL; E-mail address: [email protected] A B S T R A C T New thoracican cirripede material from the Kimmeridge Clay (Upper Jurassic, Tithonian) is described. This includes a log, encrusted on the lower surface with hundreds of perfectly preserved, articulated specimens of Etcheslepas durotrigensis Gale, 2014, and fewer specimens of Concinnalepas costata (Withers, 1928). Some individuals are preserved in life position, hanging from the underside of the wood, and the material provides new morphological information on both species. It appears that Martillepas ovalis (Withers, 1928), which occurs at the same level (Freshwater Steps Stone Band, pectinatus Zone) attached preferentially to ammonites, whereas E. durotrigensis and C. costata used wood as a substrate for their epiplanktonic lifestyle. Two regurgitates containing abundant barnacle valves, mostly broken, and some bivalve fragments, have been found in the Kimmeridge Clay. These were produced by a fish grazing on epiplanktonic species, and are only the second example of regurgitates containing barnacle valves known from the fossil record. The evolution of modern barnacle groups is discussed in the light of the new Jurassic material as well as recently published molecular phylogenies. New clades defined herein are called the Phosphatothoracica, the Calamida and the Unilatera. Keywords Epiplanktonic barnacles Kimmeridge Clay predation 1. INTRODUCTION Amongst the most remarkable fossils collected by Steve Etches from the Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset are articulated stalked barnacles. -
Report of the Benthos Ecology Working Group (BEWG)
ICES BEWG 2005 Report ICES Marine Habitat Committee ICES CM 2005/E:07 REF. ACME, ACE, B Report of the Benthos Ecology Working Group (BEWG) 19–22 April 2005 Copenhagen, Denmark International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer H.C. Andersens Boulevard 44–46 DK-1553 Copenhagen V Denmark Telephone (+45) 33 38 67 00 Telefax (+45) 33 93 42 15 www.ices.dk [email protected] Recommended format for purposes of citation: ICES. 2005. Report of the Benthos Ecology Working Group, 19–22 April 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2005/E:07. 88 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the General Secre- tary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily represent the views of the Council. © 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES BEWG 2005 Report | i Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................1 1 Opening and local organisation......................................................................................3 1.1 Appointment of Rapporteur.....................................................................................3 1.2 Terms of Reference .................................................................................................3 2 Adoption of agenda..........................................................................................................3 -
Unprecedented Genomic Diversity of RNA Viruses In
RESEARCH ARTICLE elifesciences.org Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses Ci-Xiu Li1,2†, Mang Shi1,2,3†, Jun-Hua Tian4†, Xian-Dan Lin5†, Yan-Jun Kang1,2†, Liang-Jun Chen1,2, Xin-Cheng Qin1,2, Jianguo Xu1,2, Edward C Holmes1,3, Yong-Zhen Zhang1,2* 1State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; 3Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; 4Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China; 5Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China Abstract Although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. Through RNA sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense RNA viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. With this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain viruses that fall basal to major virus groups, including the vertebrate-specific *For correspondence: arenaviruses, filoviruses, hantaviruses, influenza viruses, lyssaviruses, and paramyxoviruses. We [email protected] similarly documented a remarkable diversity of genome structures in arthropod viruses, including †These authors contributed a putative circular form, that sheds new light on the evolution of genome organization. -
Growing Goosenecks: a Study on the Growth and Bioenergetics
GROWING GOOSENECKS: A STUDY ON THE GROWTH AND BIOENERGETICS OF POLLIPICES POLYMERUS IN AQUACULTURE by ALEXA ROMERSA A THESIS Presented to the Department of Biology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science September 2018 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Alexa Romersa Title: Growing Goosenecks: A study on the growth and bioenergetics of Pollicipes polymerus in aquaculture This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Department of Biology by: Alan Shanks Chairperson Richard Emlet Member Aaron Galloway Member and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2018 ii © 2018 Alexa Romersa This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (United States) License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Alexa Romersa Master of Science Department of Biology September 2018 Title: Growing Goosenecks: A study on the growth and bioenergetics of Pollicipes polymerus in aquaculture Gooseneck Barnacles are a delicacy in Spain and Portugal and a species harvested for subsistence or commercial fishing across their global range. They are ubiquitous on the Oregon coastline and grow in dense aggregation in the intertidal zone. Reproductive biology of the species makes them particularly susceptible to overfishing, and in the interest of sustainability, aquaculture was explored as one option to supply a commercial product without impacting local ecological communities. A novel aquaculture system was developed and tested that caters to the unique feeding behavior of Pollicipes polymerus. -
Fossil Calibrations for the Arthropod Tree of Life
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/044859; this version posted June 10, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. FOSSIL CALIBRATIONS FOR THE ARTHROPOD TREE OF LIFE AUTHORS Joanna M. Wolfe1*, Allison C. Daley2,3, David A. Legg3, Gregory D. Edgecombe4 1 Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 2 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 3 Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PZ, UK 4 Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fossil age data and molecular sequences are increasingly combined to establish a timescale for the Tree of Life. Arthropods, as the most species-rich and morphologically disparate animal phylum, have received substantial attention, particularly with regard to questions such as the timing of habitat shifts (e.g. terrestrialisation), genome evolution (e.g. gene family duplication and functional evolution), origins of novel characters and behaviours (e.g. wings and flight, venom, silk), biogeography, rate of diversification (e.g. Cambrian explosion, insect coevolution with angiosperms, evolution of crab body plans), and the evolution of arthropod microbiomes. We present herein a series of rigorously vetted calibration fossils for arthropod evolutionary history, taking into account recently published guidelines for best practice in fossil calibration. -
The Crustacean-Inspired Pokémon
Journal of Geek Studies jgeekstudies.org Pokécrustacea: the crustacean-inspired Pokémon Rafael M. Rosa, Daniel C. Cavallari & Ana L. Vera-Silva Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Ri- beirão Preto, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Crustaceans are a large and incredi- spectable few meters of leg span (e.g., the bly diverse group of very familiar animals Japanese spider crab can reach a whopping such as crabs, lobsters, shrimps, woodlice, 3.8 m or 12.5 ft). They are quite an ancient barnacles, and their allies. As full-fledged group, ranging back to the Cambrian pe- arthropods (invertebrate animals with an riod some 511 million years ago. Some ex- exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired isting animals are virtually identical to fos- jointed appendages), they comprise over silized forms from the Triassic, dating back 70,000 species (Brusca et al., 2016) ranging 200 million years ago. in size from a fraction of a millimeter to re- Left: Decapods, from German zoologist Ernst Haeckel’s 1904 work “Kunstformen der Natur”. Right: Pokémon inspired by real-world decapods. 97 Rosa et al. Despite being classically identified as a group of their own, recent studies have shown that Crustacea is actually a para- phyletic taxon (that is, a group of animals that doesn’t include all descendants of their common ancestor) and that some crusta- ceans are more closely related to Hexapoda (insects and their allies) than to other crus- taceans (Regier et al., 2010; Lozano-Fernan- dez et al., 2019). -
Aquaculture of Stalked Barnacles (Pollicipes Pollicipes)
Aquaculture of stalked barnacles (Pollicipes pollicipes) Sofia Cota Franco A thesis submitted to Newcastle University in candidature for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Marine Science and Technology July 2014 Abstract The stalked barnacle, Pollicipes pollicipes, is considered a delicacy on the Iberian Peninsula and has a high market value. Despite being a dangerous activity, increased collection efforts and associated stock shortage have raised awareness of the need for effective conservation and stock management policies. Accordingly, aquaculture has received interest as an alternative to supply the market and for re-stocking programmes. However, knowledge on the aquaculture requirement of this species and applicable production cycles is limited. Research challenges span the entire P. pollicipes life cycle, from adult reproduction to larval settlement. Though adults have been kept in culture, the conditions required for broodstock reproduction and larval release remain poorly studied and larvae have been routinely extracted from wild-collected adults and reared to cyprids. Optimization of larval culture is essential for the production of high-quality larvae and avoidance of high mortality. Furthermore, cyprid settlement on artificial substrata presents a bottleneck to production, with settlement occurring mostly on conspecific adults. The conditions that mediate settlement on preferential substrata have yet to be established. Though juvenile behaviour and growth in the wild have been the subject of ecological studies, research on culture conditions is limited and the influence of environmental factors is poorly understood. In the present work, the effect of environmental conditions on the behaviour and development of P. pollicipes was tested throughout the life cycle to identify optimal culture conditions and assess potential for larger-scale culture. -
A Taxonomic Catalogue of Japanese Nemerteans (Phylum Nemertea)
Title A Taxonomic Catalogue of Japanese Nemerteans (Phylum Nemertea) Author(s) Kajihara, Hiroshi Zoological Science, 24(4), 287-326 Citation https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.24.287 Issue Date 2007-04 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39621 Rights (c) Zoological Society of Japan / 本文献の公開は著者の意思に基づくものである Type article Note REVIEW File Information zsj24p287.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 24: 287–326 (2007) © 2007 Zoological Society of Japan [REVIEW] A Taxonomic Catalogue of Japanese Nemerteans (Phylum Nemertea) Hiroshi Kajihara* Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan A literature-based taxonomic catalogue of the nemertean species (Phylum Nemertea) reported from Japanese waters is provided, listing 19 families, 45 genera, and 120 species as valid. Applications of the following species names to forms previously recorded from Japanese waters are regarded as uncertain: Amphiporus cervicalis, Amphiporus depressus, Amphiporus lactifloreus, Cephalothrix filiformis, Cephalothrix linearis, Cerebratulus fuscus, Lineus vegetus, Lineus bilineatus, Lineus gesserensis, Lineus grubei, Lineus longifissus, Lineus mcintoshii, Nipponnemertes pulchra, Oerstedia venusta, Prostoma graecense, and Prostoma grande. The identities of the taxa referred to by the fol- lowing four nominal species require clarification through future investigations: Cosmocephala japonica, Dicelis rubra, Dichilus obscurus, and Nareda serpentina. The nominal species established from Japanese waters are tabulated. In addition, a brief history of taxonomic research on Japanese nemerteans is reviewed. Key words: checklist, Pacific, classification, ribbon worm, Nemertinea 2001). The only recent listing of previously described Japa- INTRODUCTION nese species is the checklist of Crandall et al. (2002), but The phylum Nemertea comprises about 1,200 species the relevant literature is scattered. -
Testing Adaptive Hypotheses on the Evolution of Larval Life History in Acorn and Stalked Barnacles
Received: 10 May 2019 | Revised: 10 August 2019 | Accepted: 19 August 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5645 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Testing adaptive hypotheses on the evolution of larval life history in acorn and stalked barnacles Christine Ewers‐Saucedo1 | Paula Pappalardo2 1Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Abstract 2Odum School of Ecology, University of Despite strong selective pressure to optimize larval life history in marine environ‐ Georgia, Athens, GA, USA ments, there is a wide diversity with regard to developmental mode, size, and time Correspondence larvae spend in the plankton. In the present study, we assessed if adaptive hypoth‐ Christine Ewers‐Saucedo, Zoological eses explain the distribution of the larval life history of thoracican barnacles within a Museum of the Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel, Hegewischstrasse 3, 24105 strict phylogenetic framework. We collected environmental and larval trait data for Kiel, Germany. 170 species from the literature, and utilized a complete thoracican synthesis tree to Email: ewers‐[email protected]‐kiel. de account for phylogenetic nonindependence. In accordance with Thorson's rule, the fraction of species with planktonic‐feeding larvae declined with water depth and in‐ creased with water temperature, while the fraction of brooding species exhibited the reverse pattern. Species with planktonic‐nonfeeding larvae were overall rare, follow‐ ing no apparent trend. In agreement with the “size advantage” hypothesis proposed by Strathmann in 1977, egg and larval size were closely correlated. Settlement‐com‐ petent cypris larvae were larger in cold water, indicative of advantages for large ju‐ veniles when growth is slowed. Planktonic larval duration, on the other hand, was uncorrelated to environmental variables. -
Development of a Sustainable Gooseneck Barnacle Fishery; Initial Investigations
OREGON SEA GRANT REPORT Reporting period May 2016-2017 Development of a Sustainable Gooseneck Barnacle Fishery; Initial Investigations Julia Bingham1,a, Michael Thomas2,b, and Dr. Alan Shanks2,c Key Words: Pollicipes, Pollicipes polymerus, gooseneck, percebes, barnacle, mariculture, aquaculture, growth, diet, fishery development, stock assessment, sustainable fishery management, stakeholder collaboration 1. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 2. University of Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR 97420 a. [email protected] b. [email protected] c.. [email protected] ABSTRACT In Spain, gooseneck barnacles, “percebes,” are an overfished delicacy fetching a high market price ($50/lb). Oregon fishing communities show interest in developing a percebes market utilizing Pollicipes polymerus. We aim to inform resource managers to avoid over harvesting Oregon goosenecks. In summer 2016, we investigated the current status of P. polymerus populations with three primary objectives: A. Describe Oregon gooseneck populations on coastal jetties to inform harvest management. B. Explore possible mariculture development for onshore gooseneck production. C. Establish a collaborative multistakeholder framework for sustainable fishery development. We surveyed eight southern Oregon jetties using transect sampling and photographic documentation of gooseneck populations, which we characterized by size-frequency distribution and density. We observed spatially explicit trends according to tidal height and large variability in populations between jetties. We estimate there to be roughly one billion adult goosenecks populating the surveyed jetties. Only 2% of these are of harvest-size, providing an Oregon percebes stock of up to 235,000 kg. Our surveys suggest that wild populations of P. polymerus are unlikely to sustain long-term commercial harvest should the market significantly expand beyond its current size without implementing adaptive management practices. -
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES What Are They? Why Are They Useful? How Have They Been Applied?
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES What are they? Why are they useful? How have they been applied? Daryl Burdon Senior Ecological Economist, Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull [email protected] Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies ESTUARINE & MARINE ORNITHOLOGY Assistant Ornithologists (casual) Senior Coastal Ecologist (KLH) Senior Ornithologist (LM) Deputy Director & Senior Ornithologist (NDC)*1 GIS Specialist & Coastal Geaographer (SMT) SOCIO-ECONOMICS & GOVERNANCE ESTUARINE & MARINE ECOLOGY Estuarine Ecologist & Senior Fish Ecologist (AF) Senior Benthic Ecologist & Seabed Surveyor (JS) Socio-Economist Senior Ecological Director (ME)*1 (NB) Economist (DB) Director-Designate Estuarine Ecologist (SL) (RF) Senior Coastal Geographer Senior Benthic Marine Policy Administrator/ & Governance Specialist Ecologist (KM) Specialist (SB) Secretary Marine Ecophysiologist (KS) (SJB) (KLN) *3 FIELD & LABORATORY SCIENCE Lab. & Field Marine Taxonomist Survey Manager IECS Staff Structure: Estuarine & Sedimentologist (AL)*2 Taxonomist & Four themed areas each with a Theme Leader (boxes (OD) in bold);*1 IECS Line managers for all staff; *2 IECS Benthic Survey Senior Marine Line manager for lab. & field staff; *3 links to all staff Coordinator (MB) Estuarine Taxonomist for admin. tasks. Workflow between themes, Taxonomist & (WM) between staff in different themes and within themes Benthic Technical Systems is depending on projects (NB. HoS is Overall Line Lab. & Office Manager for all staff). technicians Assistant (JB) Operator (CB) (casual) Presentation Structure • Ecosystem services… – What are they? – Why are they useful? – How have they been applied? • Summary/Conclusions What are they? There are many definitions of Ecosystem Services within the literature but as yet there is no agreed definition… ‘Conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species they include, sustain and fulfil human life’ (Daily, 1997). -
Biogeographic Patterns of the Marine Bivalve Cerastoderma Edule Along European Atlantic Coasts
Biogeographic patterns of the marine bivalve Cerastoderma edule along European Atlantic coasts DISSERTATION Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrecht-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Manuela Krakau Kiel 2008 Angefertigt an der Wattenmeerstation Sylt Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung Referent: Prof. Dr. Karsten Reise Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Reinhold Hanel Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 10. Juli 2008 Zum Druck genehmigt: 10. Juli 2008 CONTENTS SUMMARY ...…...………………………………….………………………… I ZUSAMMENFASSUNG .……………………………………………………... III GENERAL INTRODUCTION .………………………………………………….. 1 CHAPTER 1: Shell forms of the intertidal bivalve Cerastoderma edule L. from Africa to the Arctic .………………………………………… 9 CHAPTER 2: Cockle parasites across biogeographic provinces ..……......… 36 CHAPTER 3: Genetic diversity in high latitudes – an intertidal bivalve contradicts a common pattern ..…………………………… 59 GENERAL DISCUSSION .…………………...……………………………….. 89 REFERENCES …..…………………………………………………………... 95 APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………… X1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS /D ANKSAGUNG Biogeographic patterns of the marine bivalve C. edule SUMMARY SUMMARY The cockle Cerastoderma edule is a common bivalve that inhabits the marine soft-bottom intertidal along European shores. This invertebrate plays a key role in coastal food webs of the Northeast Atlantic coasts due of its high abundances. I studied cockles from 19 sites along the distribution range with the aim to describe the variation of geographic population