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Home , Al Jardine, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, David Marks, Dennis Wilson, Good Vibrations

2006 AACE International Transactions PM.13

The Beach Boys Historical Landmark Project

Mr. Harry W. Jarnagan PE CCE

e don't listen to and write music because it's ; Brian, Dennis and ; ; Al “ cute. We listen to and write music because we Jardine; and , were much more than a great musical are members of the human race. And the act. They became a force in history, having an outsized impact human race is filled with passion. And not only on the history of California in the latter half of the 20th Wmedicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits century, but also on the music recording industry itself. With and necessary to sustain life. But music, beauty, romance, love, their uncompromising devotion to the quality of their product in these are what we stay alive for." - paraphrased quote from Robin the studio, launched innovations in the Williams, playing the part of private school teacher John Keating recording industry that are accepted as commonplace today, and in the 1989 motion picture, "Dead Poets Society." they have influenced countless numbers of recording artists. Music lovers have been avid listeners of the music of The Although The Beach Boys' place in history remains certain, Beach Boys for over four decades, and there's no sign that this the place where Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson came to music's popularity will end soon. The Beach Boys arose from and manhood and where the group was born, the home owned by came to prominence due to the complex socio-economic forces Murry and Audree Wilson at 3701 W. 119th Street in Hawthorne, marking late 1950's America, characterized by the then-teenaged was demolished to construct a freeway in the mid-1980's. Since and largely middle class "baby boomers" with their ever-present that date, no commemorative monument, sign, or marker of any transistor radios, love of rock-and-roll, cars, and growing kind has ever been erected to mark the birth of this cultural and fascination with the new fad of surfing, a traditionally Hawaiian musical phenomenon. That oversight would be corrected, sport that was glamorized in movie theaters of the day and however, by the initiation of the Beach Boys Historical Landmark sweeping the West Coast of the U.S. Project by the author. The Encyclopedia of cites The approval of the State of California to register the Site of The Beach Boys as the most successful ever, the Childhood Home of the Beach Boys as a California Historical with an array of platinum and gold single records and albums that Landmark launched a highly visible capital project to design and has never been equaled. Yet, these six young men from construct a monument that would be a fitting tribute to The Hawthorne, Beach Boys and their contributions to history. This paper discusses not only how the full range of project controls and management disciplines are being brought to bear to efficiently complete this project, but also the historical background of The PM.13.1 2006 AACE International Transactions Beach Boys and the work involved in submitting a comprehensive on his transistor radio. He began to focus on and landmark application that was unanimously approved by the analyze the music and harmonies of "," a California Historical Resources Commission. popular vocal group of the day, replicating their on his piano. Not only were his vocal skills extraordinary, but he soon HISTORICAL BACKGROUND developed advanced instrumental and writing skills. Notwithstanding that his senior year music teacher at Hawthorne Murry and Audree Wilson: The story of The Beach Boys High School awarded Brian with the grade of "F" for having begins with the mass migration of Midwesterners to Southern submitted as a homework assignment an original song entitled, California in the early 20th century, accelerated by the "Surfin' USA," instead of a required ballad, it was clear that a completion of the Aqueduct project by water czar remarkable musical creativity had taken hold within the teenaged William Mulholland in 1913. Two of those families lured to the . region in the 1920's as part of the so-called "third wave" of immigration to the Los Angeles basin, were the Wilson's of The Pendletones—The Wilson had spent most of Hutchinson, Kansas, and the Korthoff's of Minneapolis. their formative years with their cousin Mike Love, Transplanted Midwesterners and Audree Korthoff practicing harmonies with him often. Some of their friends also eventually met in high school and were married in March 1938. showed musical talents, to include Brian's football teammate from Besides sharing the Midwest as their place of birth, Murry Hawthorne High School, , and neighborhood friend and Audree Wilson also shared a deep love of music. They would David Marks. Although Brian, Mike, and Al, as the oldest of this sing together as a means of entertainment in their home and on circle of family and friends initially moved in different career visits to Murry's sister, Glee Love, whose husband, Milton, was directions after high school graduation, the pull of music was part of a prominent family-owned sheet metal business in Los strong, leading them to form an informal group called, "The Angeles. Murry also pursued a moon lighting career as a song- Pendletones." Having named themselves after the "Pendleton" writer, but with limited success. His personal high point as a shirts that were a popular item of clothing among the surfers of the writer, however, was realized when the band leader Lawrence day, The Pendletones developed a musical style that combined Welk performed Murry's song, "Two Step Side Step" on one of his the harmonies of the most popular 1950's vocal groups with the programs. driving playing style of . Under the persuasion Murry and Audree's family grew, and they brought into the of , they began to perform songs with the world three remarkable children; Brian, born in 1942; Dennis, predominant theme of surfing, a sport that was sweeping the born in 1944; and Carl, born in 1946. Initially living in Los beaches. Angeles in their early years as a couple, Murry and Audree moved to the South Bay community of Hawthorne, purchasing a middle Birth of a Musical Legacy-The Beach Boys—Responding to class tract home located at 3701 W. 119th Street in March 1945. the encouragement of Al Jardine to form a folk singing group, As the three Wilson sons grew, the emphasis on music continued. Brian and Al and the rest of The Pendletones gathered in the Singing sessions at their home in Hawthorne and when visiting music room of the Wilson home on W. 119th Street during Labor the home of their cousins, the Loves, were commonplace. Day Weekend, 1961, to play music, to "jam," and to record music Audree and Murry nurtured the musical talent of all of the on Brian's . Not present at the time due to being children, and eventually the garage of the home on W. 119th away on a business trip, Murry and Audree left $200 with Brian for Street was converted into a music room. the purchase of groceries and other needs that might arise. Armed with this unplanned "financing," Brian and his brothers and Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson—As so often happens in friends instead decided to use the money to rent musical families with multiple children, each of the Wilson sons matured equipment, and to record a song that they've just written entitled, with somewhat different personalities. Dennis was a rambunc- "Surfin'." Upon his return, father Murry, although unhappy to tious troublemaker named, "Dennis the Menace," by the see his money spent so frivolously, sees the potential of the song, neighbors. Not being fond of school, he would often be truant, and takes the tape to his friends Dorinda and Morgan Hite at spending his time at the nearby beaches learning the sport of Guild Music. The Hites decide to invite The Pendletones into surfing and enveloping himself in that lifestyle. Carl, the their studio to make a professional-grade tape of "Surfin'", finally youngest Wilson, was more serious. Quiet and introverted, he designating take number 7 as the version that they would retain. developed a marked interest in playing the guitar, quickly The Hites decide to press "Surfin'" into a master 45 rpm learning the instrument's intricacies, and learning to imitate the single for production, but there's a problem with the groups' "guitar riffs" of Chuck Berry, a prominent 1950's rock and roll name. "The Pendletones" is a name already taken by another music artist. musical act, so a change to the group's name will be necessary. In Oldest son Brian, however, showed a special musical talent a phone conversation about a possible new name, , very early in life, albeit almost deaf in one ear. His favorite song who would later become the president of 20th Century Records, as a toddler was the Gershwin classic, "." He recommends the name "The Beach Boys," and thus the new surprised his parents by being able to precisely hum and sing name will be printed onto the production run of records without songs as a child in varying chords. An intense interest in music the knowledge of The Pendletones. "Surfin'" is released under continued within him; it became central to his life, with most of the "X" and "Candix" recording labels on December 8, 1961, and his free time being spent in record shops and listening to 1950's shortly thereafter played on the Los Angeles airwaves by the PM.13.2 2006 AACE International Transactions KFWB and KDAY radio station disk jockeys. Hearing their song Late 1960's to the Present—Although Brian attempts to raise played on the air for the first time, The Pendletones note that their the creative threshold through a follow on album named, "Smile," group name has been changed to The Beach Boys, but it doesn't that project becomes eventually discarded, and Brian's matter. It was a moment of tremendous exhilaration for the six productivity enters a period of decline. The Beach Boys' young Hawthorne residents, one that Brian Wilson would later popularity also declines in the late 1960's due to the onset of "acid call, "The all time high." rock" in , this being further aggravated by their Performing under their new name, The Beach Boys make failure to appear at their scheduled time on June 17, 1967, right their first major public appearance on New Year's Eve, 1961, at after the group, "," at the Festival. the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium. The following May, now Decided by a coin toss, preeminent Jimmy Hendrix plays a regional success in Southern California, they sign a recording his set instead. After the end of his performance, he lays his contract with . Supported by a major recording guitar on the stage floor, kisses it, it with lighter fluid, and label, their regional success becomes national, and soon thereafter sets it on fire, saying to the audience, "You'll never hear The Beach Boys become an international sensation, thus marking again." the beginning of a musical legacy. While Brian Wilson becomes increasing reclusive in the early 70's, remaining in his bedroom for extended periods, other Catchin' A Wave—From 1962 through 1965, The Beach band members come forward to keep the group viable. Their Boys were, as one of their own songs would say, "catchin' a wave." recording popularity experiences a rebound due to the release of The hits from the group begin and are continuous. In their first the extraordinarily popular album Endless Summer in 1974, but three years, The Beach Boys produce 11 albums, consisting of 134 The Beach Boys would suffer a staggering setback in 1983 due to singles, all written by Brian Wilson, with lyric collaboration from, the accidental drowning death of Dennis Wilson. Brian Wilson among others, his cousin Mike Love. Their signature sound is leaves the group shortly afterwards. Their biggest selling single their harmony, with their songs' themes centering on early 60's release, "Kokomo," in 1988 would follow by 10 years the California; surf, sand, hot rods and romance. Brian Wilson untimely death of another Wilson , with Carl succumbing emerges as a pre-eminent writer, arranger, producer, and to lung cancer at the age of 51. Carl Wilson's passing marks the performer. He leaves the concert tour schedule in early 1965, end of the active involvement of the Wilson family in The Beach wanting to focus on writing and studio production, his place being Boys, and the loss of the heart of the band. taken on stage by a guitarist named . However, putting marketplace pressure on The Beach Boys is another group Standing the Test of Time—The Beach Boys have created recently signed by Capitol Records with a name beginning with one of the most memorable music catalogs in popular music "b-e-a", a new musical act from the UK called, "." So history, winning an unparalleled number of recording awards. would begin the famous creative competition between Paul According to the Recording Industry Association of America, McCartney and The Beatles versus Brian Wilson and The Beach through 2003 The Beach Boys have been awarded 3 Gold singles, Boys. 1 platinum single, 20 gold albums, 8 platinum albums, and 5 multi-platinum albums. They were the first major American rock —By 1966, Brian Wilson's musical arranging and band to perform behind the "Iron Curtain," in Czechoslovakia in production skills have grown enormously in a short time, 1969. They have performed at the White House for President surprising his close associates and the music recording industry in and First Lady , and Brian Wilson has performed general. However, he is not only growing technically, but also for the British Royal Family. artistically, now wanting to break out of the surfing and hot rods In 1988, two years after its opening, The Beach Boys were image. Most of all, however, he wants to decisively answer the inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the induction competition from The Beatles, who have just released their hit noting that, "The Beach Boys have been responsible for some of album, . Thus, he sets out to create a self-contained the most perfect harmonies and gorgeous melodies in rock and album that he wants to be considered by the critics and the music roll history, and it is for this vast accumulation of music listening public as the best of all time. Working with lyric for which they will ultimately be remembered and celebrated." collaborator , Brian Wilson prepares a series of songs Brian Wilson was inducted into the Hall of Fame for the remainder of The Beach Boys, on tour at the time, to in 2000, that institution noting that, "Legendary producer, perform upon their return. Reacting to a comment about the arranger, performer and , Brian Wilson has created a music from Mike Love, Brian named the album Pet Sounds. body of work that remains among the most memorable in rock Upon its release, Pet Sounds is considered a groundbreaking music history. He remains one of the truly influential album. However, lack of marketing support from Capitol composers of this or any era." Records, and, in fact a simultaneous release by Capitol of a Beach Finally, awarded a Lifetime Boys' serves to undermine Pet Sounds' Achievement Grammy to The Beach Boys in 2001 "for setting commercial success in 1966. Notwithstanding, the album comes incredibly high composition and production standards in the to the attention of Paul McCartney and The Beatles in the UK, studio, and for transporting generations of music lovers to an becoming their inspiration to produce their own signature album, idyllic world of sun, sand and palm trees with their rich Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. harmonies, defining a deceptively Southern that would influence countless artists".

PM.13.3 2006 AACE International Transactions Accolades for the work of Brian Wilson and The Beach Boys Loss of the Wilson Home: Murry and Audree Wilson sold continue to this day. In 2003, Rolling Stone Magazine named their residence at 3701 W. 119th Street in the mid-to-late1960's, Pet Sounds as the 2nd greatest rock album of all time, surpassed moving to nearby Whittier. However, even then, it was known by only by the album that Pet Sounds inspired, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely the residents of the neighborhood that the California Department Hearts Club Band. Brian Wilson would perform his "lost" Smile of Transportation (Caltrans) was developing engineering album in concert in , February 2004, receiving a five- documents for the construction of interstate I-105, to be named minute standing ovation. Following the September 2004 release the Century Freeway, which would involve acquiring the land on of the Smile album on CD, it would receive three Grammy which many homes stood and demolishing the structures. Right- nominations for "Best Pop Vocal Album," "Best Rock of-way acquisition was finally completed, and the title of the Instrumental Performance," and "Best Engineered Album, Non- former Wilson property was conveyed to the State of California on Classical." It has been certified as gold in the UK. April 19, 1984, the now boarded home being demolished shortly thereafter. From that point on, although the footprint of the Historical Impact—The Beach Boys have had a positive Wilson home was actually under the travel lanes of the Century historical impact beyond the music recording industry alone. Freeway, no nearby marker or sign of any kind was emplaced near They added to a positive Image of California not seen since the the location to celebrate the birthplace of The Beach Boys. establishment of as the center of the film industry in The author visited the site of the Wilson home in May 2003. the early 1900's. They were California's musical ambassadors to The condition of the area was that of an older residential the world, giving voice to California's Post WW II generation, and neighborhood dominated on the northern side by a freeway access being a factor in influencing not only tourism, but also migration fence, behind that was located a landscaped freeway to the state; no one will ever be able to tell how many young embankment. It was difficult for the visitor who was not people, perhaps measured in the hundreds of thousands, came to completely familiar with the location of the Wilson residence to California to make it a permanent home due to the music of The know in what direction it would have stood. It was four months Beach Boys, in search of what has been often called the later when the author decided to apply for the site to be registered "California Myth" as a State of California Historical Landmark, this being the The music of The Beach Boys has had such a large influence on highest level of recognition possible. National Landmark California, and given that they are arguably the entertainment registration was not possible as the home was no longer there. artists most closely associated with California, that the popular culture of the State and their music is interlinked in ways that are Landmark Application Requirements—The State of now taken for granted. California Office of Historic Preservation (OHP), a component of Recognized as the most successful American rock group ever, the State Department of Parks and Recreation, provided to the they have had an impact on the recording industry that continues author the requirements for historical landmark designation. The to be felt. They were the first rock group to be given complete State requirements were extensive, calling for a landmark artistic freedom on the content of their albums. The Beach Boys, application approaching the academic depth and level of detail of through the work of Brian Wilson, was the first self-contained rock a post-graduate thesis. The most prominent State requirements group, able to perform all the major artistic and production included: functions of delivering an album to market themselves, using only studio musicians when they needed the extra volume of music for • Completing various State of California standardized forms a given song. They were among the first artists to use studio requiring various background and physical information, technology itself as an art form, stretching the capabilities of each archaeological data, photographs of the site, and maps and/ individual studio to the maximum, and using multiple studios to or aerial photographs. achieve specific effects on a single track. Thus, many individual • Obtaining a letter of support from the local government, in songs produced by The Beach Boys were actually recorded in this case, the City of Hawthorne. several different studios. They also pushed the limits of rock • A letter of concurrence from the property owner to register music artistry by liberally using instruments not previously tried in and possibly monument the site. that genre, such as the , Jews harp, , and • Developing the proposed text for the landmark plaque. bicycle bells. A legacy of The Beach Boys is also the legendary • Providing other letters of support. professionalism of Brian Wilson. He maintained high production • Providing other supplementary information, including a standards, yet in a way that ensured the goodwill and loyalty of the bibliography. session musicians working under him. He was rock music's first combined composer, writer, arranger, and performer, a The physical information required on the State forms forerunner of other artists that would come much later. He has included determining the latitude, longitude, grid coordinates, become recognized as a pre-eminent 20th century American artist and elevation of the site, and the measurements of the location for for these many contributions. which landmark registration was being requested.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL LANDMARK Historic and archaeological information was required. This APPLICATION AND APPROVAL included the type of site (i.e., what was the historic nature of the human activity at the location), the current condition of the site, the nearest source of fresh water (important, as a readily available PM.13.4 2006 AACE International Transactions fresh water supply has always been the major factor in sustaining again helped, providing historical photographs, to include a video human activity), the current environmental setting, and a detailed dealing with The Beach Boys' early years in that community. description of events associated with the site, to include dates. The State required the concurrence of the property owner to Maps and aerial photographs were required that portrayed the register and possibly monument the landmark site. Given that the previous condition of the site (sketch maps were the minimum proposed landmark location was within street right-of-way, a letter requirement if commercially available maps did not exist), and from the City of Hawthorne concurring with right-of-way use for updated maps were to be included in the application that landmark placement was requested and readily obtained. provided current condition data. The landmark application also included supplemental information necessary to make the package of documents The Application Process:—The application process was complete. This included a complete discography (a listing of informally managed as a critical path method (CPM) schedule, albums) of the Beach Boys, gained from music encyclopedias and with primary attention and early starts given to the longest-lead the Internet, and a bibliography, which listed documentary items of work. Given the numbers of contacts to be made, the videos, books, Internet sites, and album liner notes. lengthiest single process in completing the landmark application The application development and submittal process was just was the obtaining of letters of support. The one absolutely under five months in duration, following this timeline: required such letter was from the City of Hawthorne; however, other letters were solicited in the interest of giving this application • Received State of California application requirements: the greatest possible weight. A total of twenty-six letters of support September 2003. from the U.S. and the U.K. were obtained from: • Gathered letters of support: October 2003 - February 2004. • Gathered photographs: November 2003. • elected officials; • Completed State forms: November 2003 - January 2004. • schools of music; • Final assembly of the application documents: January 2004. • experts in history; • Submitted 81-page application package: February 6, 2004. • music industry personalities, companies, and institutions; • public institutions; and Subsequent to receiving submittals, the OHP staff reviews the • individual Beach Boys fans application documents, and then makes a recommendation to the Historical Resources Commission (an appointed board of As time allowed in the letter of support process, attention historians, archaeologists, and architects) as to whether a turned to the completion of the State of California forms. The nominated site should receive landmark registration. The first step was to transcribe them into electronic format for easier Commission reviews applications and then decides on each one completion; given the structure of the forms, Microsoft Excel was in a public hearing process; hearings are held quarterly. chosen as the most appropriate software application for this purpose. Events After Application Submittal—The time period In completing the State of California standardized forms, one following the application submittal involved several major events, of the first decisions to reach was how to generally classify the site. to include: Given the variety of choices, the best "fit" for site classification was that of an Archaeological Site. Summary information about the • News of the submittal of the application to the State is historical events associated with the Wilson home was to be reported by the Associated Press, Yahoo News, and various recorded on this form, requiring research from a number of major newspapers: mid-February to late-March 2004. sources, to include four different books on the Beach Boys, • The author attended a California Historical Resources various Internet sources, and biographical / documentary videos. Commission hearing to understand hearing procedures and One of the most useful, although not initially obvious, sources of become familiar with the members of the Commission: April information were liner notes accompanying compilation albums 2004. that often addressed the early history of The Beach Boys. These • The OHP conducts an initial review and requests contained not only authoritative eye-witness accounts, but also information on other sites of significance to the history of The old photographs, pictures of early concert tickets, posters, single Beach Boys, and additional justification that 3701 W. 119th records, etc., that served to make the early history of The Beach Street is the most appropriate Beach Boys site for landmark Boys come to life. registration: June 2004 Maps and aerial photographs were acquired from two primary • Researching information and providing a response to the sources. The Internet had many free and subscription sites which State's request for additional information, including a listing contained a variety of maps of the Inglewood / Hawthorne, of 29 different sites of significance to Beach Boys history: June California area. The City of Hawthorne also provided archival - July 2004. information, to include property maps of the Wilson • OHP executive staff recommends approval to the Historical neighborhood prior to I-105 construction. Close range Resources Commission: July 12, 2004. Application is placed photographs of the site in its condition today were acquired with on the August 6, 2004 hearing agenda. the help of Beach Boys fans in Southern California, who were • The author makes a presentation concerning the landmark generous enough with their time and money to provide the author application to the Hawthorne City Council: July 27, 2004. with several high-quality 35 mm photos. The City of Hawthorne PM.13.5 2006 AACE International Transactions Presentation to the Historical Resources Commission: During became a member of the committee, with the responsibility to act the time period February 2004 to July 2004, the author prepared as liaison with the Foundation, and to provide financial support. a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation for the benefit of the Given the importance of coordination with the City of Hawthorne Historical Resources Commission. Major topics addressed in that for construction and permitting issues, the committee included a presentation included historical background, the historical representative from the City Department of Public Works. It was impact of The Beach Boys, that the application had the support of decided at an early point that the dedication ceremony would City of Hawthorne and others, the proposed location of the include a significant element of music; therefore the committee historical landmark plaque, and concluded with justification as to also included a Music Program Coordinator. Finally, as an ex- why the site is appropriate as a landmark. This presentation officio member, the committee included the City of Hawthorne included embedded clips of Beach Boys music; this required the Administrator, acting as a liaison to the Mayor and City Manager. purchase of and familiarization with a music mixing / editing software application so as to use specific clips with fade-in and Communications: Key elements of project delivery were the fade-out effects. functions of communication and directing the work. Face-to-face Besides being rich with music, the presentation was made monthly meetings were held in Hawthorne that included frequent visually appealing and as attention getting as possible through the visits to the landmark site. Meeting output included meeting significant use of Beach Boys photographs, album covers, and minutes with action items. Between monthly meetings, the animation. Two presentations were made to other groups prior to geographically widely dispersed committee members did business the Historical Resources Commission hearing for rehearsal via e-mail and telephone. Not being conducted to the more purposes. formal Robert's Rules of Order, decisions reached during the The Historical Resources Commission hearing was held in meetings were by consensus, with the committee Chair finalizing Ontario, California on August 6, 2004. Besides numerous people discussion if time was not being used most productively. The attending the presentation, the media was present in the form of committee ensured the overall concurrence of the City of newspapers and television, as well as two children of the original Hawthorne on an ongoing basis. The committee Chair also Beach Boys. After the completion of the presentation, and a short committed to making a report to the Hawthorne City Council at question-and-answer period, this landmark application received the mid-point of the project. the unanimous approval of the Commission. The final step towards realizing the official recognition of the Project Website: The committee established a project website Site of the Childhood Home of the Beach Boys as a State of within 24 hours of receiving landmark approval by the State. The California Historical Landmark was its being officially named as website, on the internet at www.beachboyslandmark.org, such by the State Historic Preservation Officer. Thus, 3701 W. consisted of several individual pages, including Landmark, Plans, 119th Street, Hawthorne, California, where The Beach Boys were History, Donations, Contact information, and News and Updates. born as a group, was officially named as California Landmark It became a key tool in communicating with the public during the #1041 on September 21, 2004. life of the project in a way that benefited the financial status of the landmark effort. THE PROJECT Fundraising: An immediate priority of the project was to secure Initiation: The Beach Boys Historical Landmark Project funding. Notwithstanding that the Historical Landmark program (BBHLP) began immediately after the Historical Resources is sponsored by the State of California, no public funding was Commission approval of the site as a landmark on August 6, 2004. available or awarded to the project. One of the project's first The project's objective was to design, construct, and dedicate a actions was to establish a program whereby donors could fitting landmark monument to the Beach Boys as California "purchase" bricks that would become part of the monument Historical Landmark #1041 by spring 2005. The project was able through the project website. These bricks could be inscribed with to launch an aggressive start due to the benefit of some actions the donor's name and / or a short message. So that donors could having been taken prior to landmark approval. make tax-deductible donations through their brick purchases, the BBHLP became affiliated as a temporary committee under the Organization: The core project "staff" was the BBHLP auspices of the non-profit Hawthorne Parks and Recreation Committee, which represented the major functions needed to Foundation, a chartered 501 (c) (3) organization. Various levels complete the project. The Committee Chair, the author, of brick values were offered, each level associated with different provided overall direction and oversight to the project, as well as placement on the landmark monument. The fundamental taking specific responsibility for design and construction issues, appeal of this program was that it offered individuals the chance and providing project controls support. The Events Coordinator to have their names on the monument and to gain permanent acted as an assistant to the Chair, and took responsibility for association with The Beach Boys. Donations were made more planning and delivering the Dedication Ceremony. The Website convenient to donors through the project website having the capa- Administrator was responsible for the implementation and bility of taking electronic donations. All donations received were maintenance of the project website, and provided art and deposited with the Hawthorne Parks and Recreation Foundation. graphics support. As will be explained later, the project became Besides the collection of donations through the purchase of affiliated with the non-profit Hawthorne Parks and Recreation bricks, the committee continuously solicited the donations of Foundation, therefore a representative to that organization goods and services from local businesses in exchange for PM.13.6 2006 AACE International Transactions monument bricks and recognition in a souvenir dedication provided by private individuals, and by the offering of donated program that would be issued on Dedication Day. Grants from goods and services by businesses. private foundations were sought, using the resources of a subscription-based database searching capability on The Design and Engineering: Shortly after initiating the website and Foundation Center website on the Internet. The Foundation the fund raising efforts, the BBHLP undertook the task of Center is a non-profit organization with the mission of connecting designing and engineering the landmark monument. The grant seekers with grant maker organizations. As of the writing of primary restriction on design was the narrow nature of the site. this paper, two grant applications had been submitted to grantors, Only a 2.13-meter (7 foot) wide strip of street right-of-way was and a third application was in progress. Fund raising also took the available in which to build a monument. Immediately behind the form of sales of Beach Boys Landmark merchandise that included landmark footprint was a freeway access fence owned by Caltrans, popular items such as t-shirts, polo shirts, ball caps, etc. that which was not to be disturbed during construction. included a project logo and / or other landmark images. In an effort to gain public buy-in and enthusiasm for the project, the BBHLP initiated a landmark design competition that Publicity: Fundraising success was intimately linked to and was announced on the project website. The design competition dependent on the project publicity program. Project identity was was conducted observing the following rules: established through the landmark logo. · The monument footprint must be a rectangular shape in plan so Trade marking of the logo was a consideration. In order to save as to fit in the available space for the monument. The width the $335 federal trademark-filing fee, the project consulted with of the rectangle (the shortest dimension) must be no greater intellectual property rights experts and was advised that some than 1.52 meters (5 feet). trademark protection would be gained by definitively · The design must feature the bronze State of California Historical demonstrating the intent to use the logo as a trademark. This Landmark plaque as a centerpiece. · Must be easily constructible by a general contractor; no special construction methods or elaborate artwork (i.e.: detailed sculptures) should be required. · The landmark monument must incorporate the use of bricks (both 20.32 cm x 20.32 cm [8" x 8"] and 20.32 cm x 10.16 cm [8" x 4"] in size) that have been purchased through the "Donations" page of the website. These bricks may be installed either in a vertical orientation (such as a wall) or in could be and was accomplished by a Committee member using a horizontal orientation (i.e., flush to the ground). regular mail to send an image of the logo with a message · Judging criteria: judges external to the BBHLP Committee will indicating organizational intent to reserve use of the logo as a evaluate the designs submitted. The group of judges will trademark to another member of the Committee. The envelope consist of qualified and experienced construction containing this message would be filed and remain unopened. professionals and the City of Hawthorne, and will consider The BBHLP also publicized the landmark project through news the following criteria in the selection of the successful design. releases to the media, especially "" radio stations, using a o Dignity in design concept that is befitting a Historical music industry standard news release form. Besides the use of the Landmark. project website on the Internet, the committee accessed Beach o Adherence to the Design Competition Rules stated Boys-related websites with message boards to keep the public above. apprised of project developments. Newspapers that followed the o Originality. landmark project, most notably The Daily Breeze of Torrance, o Incorporation of a theme in keeping with the , often had their articles re-run by the Associated Press. the Beach Boys. A notable example of such worldwide coverage of the project o Overall aesthetic appeal. occurred in early November 2004 when the date for Dedication · Recognition of the successful designers would be made in two Day was announced by The Daily Breeze and the Associated ways: Press. The effect of such coverage was for the project website to o The landmark monument will incorporate and credit receive 100,000 "hits" in a 24-hour period, CNN to carry the news the name of the person(s) who developed the of the scheduled landmark dedication as a rolling headline on its successful design. broadcasts, and according to Google search engine results, over o Designers will be credited in the souvenir dedication 540 separate news websites around the world carrying the story. program. One of the most important groups to receive news of the landmark project were the neighbors residing near the landmark site. A few Over a six-week period, sixteen designs were submitted by months prior to landmark dedication, a neighborhood meeting individuals from the US, UK, and France. One of the designs was scheduled to inform residents of the project and associated submitted was from a seven-year old fan of The Beach Boys. activities and to build a sense of buy-in. The success of the All design entries received were assembled and given to an publicity program could be measured by the amount of donations independent panel of judges consisting of City of Hawthorne staff and a member of the Wilson family who was highly experienced PM.13.7 2006 AACE International Transactions in construction. The field of sixteen designs was narrowed to a · Six metal disks, mounted three to the left of the bronze plaque, semi-finalist set of three. At the option of panel, and three to the right, simulating 45 rpm single records com- the elements of two designs were combined to form one of the monly used during the 1960's, one for each of the "original" semi-finalist design choices. Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Dennis Wilson, Carl Wilson, Given that the monument would be placed on the site of the Mike Love, Al Jardine and David Marks); and home of Wilson family ancestors, it was considered appropriate to · A concrete panel featuring a relief likeness the "" give the decision as to the final design to the children of Brian, album released by The Beach Boys in 1963. Dennis, and Carl Wilson. In a group meeting, the "second · All metal decorative items to be doweled into the monument generation" Wilsons chose the previously mentioned composite and set flush to prevent theft. concept that combined the features of two separately submitted · Monument to be surrounded with paving brick or stone to a designs, an artists concept of which appears below. Thus, two width of 0.91 meters (3 feet) from the end of each pedestal. individuals would receive equal recognition as being the designers · Funding permitting, monument will include accent lighting of the Beach Boys Historic Landmark monument. activated by a photovoltaic cell. Subsequent to the selection of the successful design, the · Design will be developed so as to minimize ongoing design concept was turned over to a team to develop the maintenance costs; final decisions in this regard to be made engineering details and prepare the construction drawings. This by the City of Hawthorne. team consisted of a structural engineer and CAD technician from Hatch Mott MacDonald of Pleasanton, California; architects The design schedule envisioned that drawings and other from Anil Verma Associates of Los Angeles; the builder of the design products would be released and distributed at 30%, 60%, monument, SMW Construction of Marina del Rey, California, and 90% design completion. Each successive design release will for constructability input; and the City of Hawthorne Department incorporate or resolve comments gained from the previous of Public Works for official City concurrence and / or comments. release.

The design basis for the monument consisted of several Project Controls: Project controls aspects were critical during considerations, to include: project execution so as to effectively manage project cost and schedule. A volunteer professional estimator certified by AACE · The monument design would combine a half-oval dry basin in International provided project estimating services. The major the front of the monument, with a wall to the rear; at the ends estimates produced were: of would be pedestals. · The monument would consist of a reinforced concrete core with · A conceptual estimate completed early in the design an exterior cladding of brick. Brick material chosen will be competition using a representative design concept, so as to graffiti resistant, and the entire monument will receive a gain an understanding of the rough order of magnitude cost graffiti-resistant coating. of the engineering, procurement, and construction effort. · Overall dimensions: 6.40 meter (21 foot) wall length; 1.52 meter · A preliminary engineering estimate completed after 30% design (5 foot) monument depth; 2.44 meter (8 foot) pedestal sketches were produced, and the overall monument details height; 2.13 meter (7 foot) back wall height; 1.22 meter (4 defined, based on the design chosen by the Wilson family. foot) height of dry basin. · Will be highlighted by the bronze State of California historic These estimates were key management documents that were landmark plaque mounted on the monument centerline, used to drive decisions on design features, quantities, and and, materials.

PM.13.8 2006 AACE International Transactions Schedule control was equally critical to project success. Key the final monument design. This was important in that the to the project objectives was the selection of the project funding situation was volatile during most of the project cycle; in completion (i.e., dedication) date, a decision that evolved over fact, full funding was not realized at the time of the writing of this three phases: paper. VE measures were projected to be needed to economize on the final monument design. Such measures included the · The initial overall completion date objective of the project was deletion of the accent lighting, and the reduction of overall wall spring 2005. length so as to remove unneeded foundation, reinforced concrete, · Further consideration led to a potential dedication date of and masonry quantities. The primary criterion for the reduction March 7, 2005; this was the 60th anniversary of the purchase of of the wall length was to provide adequate space to accommodate the Wilson home by Murry and Audree Wilson. all of the donated bricks, while maintaining the monument's · The final dedication date chosen was May 20, 2005 after further aesthetic qualities. consideration of weather norms, based on many years of weather data collected at the Hawthorne Municipal Airport. As this Procurement: Procurement of special materials focused on the decision was publicly announced and carried by the Associated purchase of three specialty items; the State of California bronze Press, it became a "do or die" date. historic landmark plaque; the six metal "45 rpm" records; and the concrete "Surfer Girl" panel. The individual activities comprising the total schedule resulted The ordering of the State of California bronze historic from an early brainstorming session held by the Committee. A landmark plaque could not proceed until the State approved the task listing was developed and maintained by the BBHLP final plaque text. The plaque text was to tell the story of the site Committee Chair. This data was also rendered into a CPM in easy-to-understand language within a maximum number of schedule that became a key management tool. All key events and words. The final plaque language approved by the State of decisions were made as early as possible to avoid a "crunch" at the California was: project end. SITE OF THE CHILDHOOD HOME Major BBHLP schedule milestones included: OF THE BEACH BOYS · Begin project: August 6, 2004. · Launch website with electronic donations capability: August 7, t was here in the home of Murry and Audree that Brian, 2004. Dennis, and Carol Wilson grew to manhood and · Complete the design competition: October 9, 2004. developed their musical skills. During Labor Day · Independent panel choose 3 semi-finalist designs: November 24, Weekend, 1961, they with cousin Mike Love and friend Al 2004. IJardine gathered here to record a tape of their breakthrough song · Wilson family chooses final design: December 2, 2004. "Surfin'." This marked the birth of the rock group known world- · 30% engineering complete: January 14, 2005. wide as The Beach Boys, and the beginning of an historic musical · 60% engineering complete: February 11, 2005 legacy that would change the recording industry. The music of · Order specialty materials from vendors: no later than February the Wilsons, Love, Jardine, and friend David Marks broadcast to 28, 2005, including the world an image of California as a place of sun, surf, and o Bronze plaque. romance. Brian Wilson would become a legendary producer, o Metal records arranger, and songwriter. o Concrete "Surfer Girl" album panel · 90% engineering complete: March 11, 2005 California Registered Historical Landmark No. 1041 · Deadline for donor purchases of bricks: March 15, 2005 · Order bricks for delivery to inscriber: March 21, 2005 Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation · Issued For Construction drawings transmitted to the builder: in cooperation with the City of Hawthorne, May 2005. March 31, 2005 · Construction completion: May 18, 2005 The plaque was ordered through a fabrication and casting vendor · Dedication / Project Complete: May 20, 2005. that was designated by the State of California.

Closely linked to the fundraising was the control of project The metal "45-rpm" records were actually metal disks designed to costs. Cost control and forecasting began with the completion of simulate the appearance of 45-rpm records in common usage the preliminary engineering-based estimate. The estimate was during the 1960's. After gathering cost information on various continuously updated as better information was available. This metals available, bronze was selected as the most cost effective included updating the estimate with costs saved by the securing of material. Each record would be slightly larger in diameter than donated goods and services associated with landmark the actual diameter of the "45's" of the 1960's, and engraved into construction; improved quantity information; definitive unit each would be: prices; vendor quotes; purchase order / contract "committed" amounts; and the actual, final cost for individual items. · The words, "The Beach Boys," below the record center. Managed as part of the cost control effort, the BBHLP design · The name of one of the original Beach Boys above the record team conducted a simplified Value Engineering (VE) exercise on center. PM.13.9 2006 AACE International Transactions Six "records" would be cast, one for each of the original School, musical performances were planned by the Hawthorne Beach Boys; Brian Wilson, Dennis Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike High School Band and Hawthorne High School . Musical Love, Al Jardine, and David Marks. The casting foundry would selections and medleys were determined, and these groups be chosen based on a combination of adherence to quality, cost, practiced their parts in the ceremony weeks in advance to ensure and willingness of the foundry to donate part or all of their a high level of quality in the final performance. services in exchange for recognition on the monument and As The Beach Boys "community" of original members, souvenir dedication program. family, friends, and business associates consists of numerous The "Surfer Girl" panel was initially conceived as a metal celebrities with busy appearance and performance schedules, an plate with a laser-engraved silhouette image of The Beach Boys. important early step in dedication ceremony delivery was to issue However, concrete was chosen instead for cost reasons. The "Save the Date" cards. These cards, though not actually likeness of the 1963 "Surfer Girl" album would be shop-cast in invitations as such, served to preserve the calendars of the relief using special formwork, and then transported and installed celebrities and event VIP's. into the monument back wall in the field. Given that this was a Equally important was to conduct early coordination with the close likeness to a commercially released album, the use of the City of Hawthorne. The logistics and movement of personnel and image would be subject to the approval of Capitol Records, there- material in support of the event called for street closings and setup fore, fabrication could not proceed until that approval was gained. activities on the day prior to Dedication Day, and during the early Given that the very first fundraising efforts involved the pur- hours of Dedication Day itself. chase of inscribed bricks by donors, a brick-engraving vendor was consulted early to understand the size of the engraving font, and The dedication ceremony required the planning, the restrictions on the number of inscribed characters per line on procurement, and placement of several physical features and the brick. This information was replicated on the project website supporting items, to include: from the first day of the fund raising effort. Coincidentally, the same vendor supplying the bronze plaque had the capability to · A stage for speakers and music performers, equipped with inscribe the donated bricks, so that engraving shop was chosen to generators and sound equipment. simplify the coordination effort. · A "backstage" area featuring tents and other items for the comfort of celebrities and to preserve their privacy prior to the Construction: The BBHLP was extremely fortunate to have dedication ceremony. received the volunteer construction services of SMW · The establishment of a VIP seating area marked by tension Construction of Marina del Rey, California, owned by a son of the barriers. Beach Boys' original drummer, Dennis Wilson. Not only did · Designated parking areas for VIP's and the general public. SMW volunteer to provide donated construction labor, but it also · Basic sanitation facilities for the attendees, to include temporary participated in the judging of the designs received during the bathroom facilities and trash receptacles. design competition, and negotiated with various specialty · Kiosks for the sales of Beach Boys Landmark merchandise. This construction subcontractors and material suppliers to secure their required that a vendor's permit be issued by the City of donation of labor and material, as well. An additional intangible Hawthorne. benefit of SMW's involvement in the landmark project was its · A souvenir Dedication Ceremony Program to be given to VIP's dedication to high quality in the final product, given that it would and sold to the general public. be a tribute to the memory of the owner's father and close · Traffic coordination was required so as to ensure the efficient and relatives. Monument security was of paramount importance, so safe flow of vehicles, and to designate drop off points for the construction schedule called for just-in-time construction, VIP's. Likewise, a shuttle service was required to transport during which time the monument would be covered between VIP's from / to their parking areas. construction shifts and under constant security watch prior to · Security for this event would approach the security needs for a dedication. sizeable concert. Security forces represented a combination of the Hawthorne Police Department for traffic and Dedication Event: An important final activity for any publicly "backstage" security, plus a private security company to han- visible project is an opening or, in this case, a dedication dle the immediate needs of the event itself. The security ceremony. Responsibility for this event was assigned to the Event required that event permits be filed with the Coordinator and Music Program Coordinator on the BBHLP City of Hawthorne no later than one month prior to the Committee, who conceived of a concise dedication agenda that scheduled event date. Hawthorne Police would develop a combined remarks by noted personalities from Beach Boys security plan that would fit event needs. history with musical performances. Understanding the "target" agenda was important so that ceremony participants could be CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PROJECT enlisted at an early date and given complete details as to their roles and assigned time frames. Public address and sound The entire life cycle of the Beach Boys Historical Landmark equipment vendors were contacted and coordination was Project, from the initiation of the landmark application to the conducted so as to ensure that the appropriate stage and sound conduct of the Dedication Day event, required the use of all of the equipment would be in place on Dedication Day. Given the project management and project controls disciplines typically close connection of The Beach Boys with Hawthorne High found in the commercial environment. These disciplines PM.13.10 2006 AACE International Transactions represent a powerful skill set that can be leveraged for volunteer 5. George-Warren, Holly, editor; The Rolling Stone efforts as well as for private and governmental entities. Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll, Third Edition. Rolling Stone Press, New York, NY, 2001. The qualities and skills present in the manager of a volunteer 6. Granata, Charles; Wouldn't It Be Nice; Brian Wilson and the capital project should ideally include: Making of the Beach Boys' Pet Sounds. Review · An entrepreneurial spirit. Press, Inc., Chicago, IL. 2003. · An ability to identify a need. · An ability to understand and define detailed requirements. 7. Hawthorne Community Television, "What's Up Hawthorne; · Writing and quantitative reasoning skills A Tour of Hawthorne with the Beach Boys," video produced · An ability to assemble factual and persuasive documents. 2001. · Leadership, managerial, organizational, and interpersonal skills. 8. Leaf, David; The Beach Boys and the California Myth. · Presentation skills. Grossett and Dunlap, New York, NY, 1978. · An ability to define clear objectives. 9. Leaf, David; Liner notes for : Thirty Years of · An ability to define and manage project scope. The Beach Boys, Capitol Records, 1993. · An ability to develop a logical plan to efficiently achieve project 10. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, internet site. objectives. "Inductees; The Beach Boys". [http://www.rockhall.com/hof/ · Funding acquisition skills. inductee.asp?id=65], January 4, 2004. · Project controls skills, to include estimating, cost control, 11. Rolling Stone, internet site. "500 Greatest Albums of All scheduling, and contract management. Time." [http://www.rollingstone.com/features/coverstory/ · An ability to coordinate with external entities. featuregen.asp?pid=2164], January 4, 2004. · Design / engineering and associated management skills. 12. , internet site. "Brian Wilson; · An ability to apply the principles of Value Engineering and Biography." [http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/ constructability to the project design exhibit_bio.asp?exhibitId=186], January 4, 2004. · Construction management skills. 13. White, Timothy; The Nearest Faraway Place; Brian Wilson, · An ability to implement a community outreach and publicity The Beach Boys, and the Southern California Experience. program. Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY. 1994. · An ability to plan and execute a public opening / dedication ceremony.

The proficiency level of skills required on a volunteer capital project is arguably higher than might be the case in the workday private and governmental environments. In the volunteer project environment, there are no highly developed organizational or corporate mechanisms available for guidance and to prevent failure. There are no lines of authority with the formal structures Mr. Harry W. Jarnagan PE CCE in place to ensure compliance by subordinates. The volunteer Hatch Mott MacDonald, LLC project manager typically functions on his / her own accord in a 3825 Hopyard Road, Suite 240 relatively unstructured setting, relying on his or her own skills and Pleasanton, CA 94588-8530 native intelligence without the benefit of a corporate "safety net". E-mail: [email protected] Project controls and management skills are keys to success on volunteer projects as well as on commercial projects. Society as a whole, as well as the corporate / governmental community, stands to greatly benefit from well-rounded, motivated professionals armed with these important skill sets. Beach Boys fans from around the world will, for generations to come, be the beneficiaries of these disciplines, as well.

REFERENCES

1. Arts and Entertainment Television Network, "Biography; Brian Wilson - A Beach Boy's Tale", video produced 1999. 2. Brian Wilson.Com Official Web Site, internet site [http://www.brianwilson.com], January 4, 2004. 3. Capitol Records, Inc., internet site. "The Beach Boys." [http://thebeachboys.com/], January 4, 2004. 4. Gaines, Steven; ; The True Story of the Beach Boys. Da Capo Press, New York, NY. 1995. PM.13.11