1 II. Charged Polymer Systems – Electrostatic and Conformational
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Surface Polarization Effects in Confined Polyelectrolyte Solutions
Surface polarization effects in confined polyelectrolyte solutions Debarshee Bagchia , Trung Dac Nguyenb , and Monica Olvera de la Cruza,b,c,1 aDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; bDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; and cDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 Contributed by Monica Olvera de la Cruz, June 24, 2020 (sent for review April 21, 2020; reviewed by Rene Messina and Jian Qin) Understanding nanoscale interactions at the interface between ary conditions (18, 19). However, for many biological settings two media with different dielectric constants is crucial for con- as well as in supercapacitor applications, molecular electrolytes trolling many environmental and biological processes, and for confined by dielectric materials, such as graphene, are of interest. improving the efficiency of energy storage devices. In this Recent studies on dielectric confinement of polyelectrolyte by a contributed paper, we show that polarization effects due to spherical cavity showed that dielectric mismatch leads to unex- such dielectric mismatch remarkably influence the double-layer pected symmetry-breaking conformations, as the surface charge structure of a polyelectrolyte solution confined between two density increases (20). The focus of the present study is the col- charged surfaces. Surprisingly, the electrostatic potential across lective effects of spatial confinement by two parallel surfaces -
Assembling of Prussian Blue Nanoclusters Along Single
Assembling of Prussian Blue Nanoclusters Samples preparation. PMB was deposited onto the substrate from the 0.0005 g/l acid water (pH 2, HCl, Aldrich) solution by the dipping of the Along Single Polyelectrolyte Molecules substrate into the solution or by drop casting. To deposit PC chains in stretched conformation we placed several drops of the solution onto Anton Kiriy1, Vera Bocharova1, Ganna Gorodyska1, Sergiy Minko2, the substrate rotating at 10000 rpm. The dry samples were and Manfred Stamm1 investigated with AFM. Deposition of PB clusters. To prepare a dispersion of PB clusters, the 1 Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 solution of K4Fe(CN)6·3H20 (0.5 g/l, 1.18 mMol/l) in acid water (HCl, pH Dresden, Germany 2.0) and equal volume of the FeCl3 solution (0.048 g/l, 0.296 mMol/l) in 2Department of Chemistry, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699- acid water (HCl, pH 2.0) were intensively mixed for several minutes. 5810 The substrate with deposited PC was then dipped into the freshly prepared dispersion of PB clusters for 3 min at ambient temperature and afterward rinsed in water. Finally, the substrate was dried with the INTRODUCTION Argon flux. Molecular electronics is attracting considerable interest of AFM measurements. Multimode AFM instrument or NanoScope IV- scientists because of physical and economic limitations expected for D3100 (Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara) were operating in the existing bottom down lithographic technologies. The use of various tapping mode. Silicon tips with radius of 10-20 nm, spring constant of biological templates to assemble nanoscale nonbiological building 30 N/m and resonance frequency of 250-300 KHz were used after the blocks into well-defined meso- and macroscopic objects1 is nn calibration with gold nanoparticles (5 nm in diameter). -
Novel Hydrocarbon Ionomers for Durable Proton Exchange Membranes
FY17 SBIR II RELEASE I: NOVEL HYDROCARBON IONOMERS FOR DURABLE PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES CONTRACT #DE-SC0015215 PI: William L. Harrison, Ph.D. NanoSonic, Inc. 158 Wheatland Dr. Pembroke, VA 24136 April 29, 2019 Project ID #FC176 This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information OBJECTIVE and APPROACH To develop cost effective, durable hydrocarbon ionomers for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells to achieve the DOE’s global goals for energy efficient transportation applications Synthesize high molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbon membranes that will possess polar moieties along the polymer backbone and pendant quaternary ammonium groups. This innovative chemistry will facilitate the fabrication of stable phosphoric acid-doped ion pair membranes for PEM fuel cells capable of 120°C operation for transportation PHASE II TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES Desirable Membrane Properties • High ionic (protonic) conductivity but low electronic conductivity • Low fuel and oxidant permeability • Good thermal and oxidative stability • Good mechanical properties • Easy fabrication into membrane electrode assembly • Low cost Project Overview Timeline and Budget Technical Barriers • Development of robust, • Project Start Date: 04/10/2017 low cost ionomers for PEMFCs (07/17/17 Contract Start) for transportation capable of • Project End Date: 012/10/2019 operating at 120°C • Total Project Budget: $1,000,000 • Verification of membrane • Total DOE Funds Spent: $647,000 durability and fuel cell performance Collaboration -
Gero Decher, Jean-Claude Voegel La Recherche, No
An Introduction to Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Layer-by-Layer Adsorption (LbL): An Enabling Technology for the Nano- construction of Multifunctional Films on Solvent Accessible Surfaces. G. Decher / Institut Charles Sadron Institut Charles Sadron 1 Differences between chemistry in bulk and at interfaces Some trivia: • Surface functional groups accessible only from the solution side. ( SN1 might be favored over SN2 ; reactivities different from bulk) • Typical monolayer thicknesses of 0.5 nm to 5 nm. • Typical surface areas of 0.20 nm2 per molecule, 5 1014 molecules per cm2. • At a mass of 400 g/mol, 1 cm2 of a densely packed monolayer corresponds to 0.33 µg of material. • 5g (semi-preparative scale), would cover an area of 1500 m2. • Monomolecular layers of polymer may be thinner and less dense and typically consist of 0.1 to 1.5 mg of material per 1 m2. • Less than 0.02 mg for chemical analysis and physical characterization Advantage: We only need tiny amounts from colleagues doing synthesis Institut Charles Sadron 4 Build-to-Order Assembled Films Build-to-Order (BTO) is the capability to quickly build standard or mass-customized products upon receipt of spontaneous orders without forecasts. Layer-by-Layer assembly allows to design functional surfaces and surface-based nano-devices in a "build-to-order" fashion. It exceeds simple self-organization under equilibrium conditions by making it possible to arrange many different materials at will with nanoscale precision. Institut Charles Sadron 5 The multilayer films that can do everything . Pierre Schaaf, Gero Decher, Jean-Claude Voegel La Recherche, No. 389, SEPT. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title A Fundamental Perspective on Polyelectrolyte Coagulants and Flocculants in Water Treatment Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f30h7k4 Author Bhattacharya, Arkadeep Publication Date 2021 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles A Fundamental Perspective on Polyelectrolyte Coagulants and Flocculants in Water Treatment A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Chemical Engineering by Arkadeep Bhattacharya 2021 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS A Fundamental Perspective on Polyelectrolyte Coagulants and Flocculants in Water Treatment by Arkadeep Bhattacharya Master of Science in Chemical Engineering University of California Los Angeles, 2021 Professor Samanvaya Srivastava, Chair Coagulation and flocculation are important phenomena which find widespread applications in water treatment. Polyelectrolytes are charged macromolecules which have found relevance in this domain due to their proven efficiency and effectiveness. The objective of the thesis would be to review and emphasize the fundamental mechanisms on which both natural and synthetic polyelectrolyte coagulants and flocculants operate. Advances in understanding phase characteristics and structure of aggregated polyelectrolyte complexes post interaction with charged impurities are discussed. These would help elucidate the correlation between salient polyelectrolyte properties -
Dispersed and Deposited Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Their Interactions to Chiral Compounds and Proteins
Dispersed and deposited polyelectrolyte complexes and their interactions to chiral compounds and proteins Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt der Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Technischen Universität Dresden von M. Sc. Wuye Ouyang geboren am 01.05.1979 in Zhenjiang, V.R. China Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Brigitte Voit Prof. Dr. Thomas Wolff Prof. Dr. Klaus D. Jandt Eingereicht am : 10.10.2008 Tag der Verteidigung: 14.01.2009 ABBREVIATION AFM Atomic force microscopy ASC Ascorbic acid ATR-FTIR Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy CD Circular dichroism COAC Coacervate phase CSA Camphorsulfonic acid CSP Chiral stationary phases D2O Heavy water / Deuterium oxide DLS Dynamic light scattering DMF Dimethylformamide EtOH Ethanol GA Glutardialdehyde GLU Glutamic acid H2SO4 Sulfuric acid H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide HCl Hydrochloric acid HSA Human serum albumin IEP Isoelectric point IR Infrared IRE Internal reflection element LB Langmuir-Blodgett film LBL Layer by layer LYZ Lysozyme MYO Myoglobin NaCl Sodium chloride NaClO4 Sodium perchlorate NaOH Sodium hydroxide i NC Nitrocellulose PANT Pantothenic acid PBS Phosphate buffer saline PCD Particle charge detector PDADMAC Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) PDL Poly(D-lysine) PDI Polydispersity index PEC Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticle PEC-0.66 Positively charged polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticle (n-/n+ = 0.66) PEC-1.50 Negatively charged polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticle (n-/n+ = -
Polyelectrolyte Complex: a Pharmaceutical Review
Review Article Polyelectrolyte Complex: A Pharmaceutical Review Dakhara SL, Anajwala CC Department of Pharmaceutics, Bhagwan Mahavir College of Pharmacy, Surat - 395 017, Gujarat, India ar T ic L E I NF O A bs T rac T Article history: This review work gives a lot of information on polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). The complex Received 21 April 2010 formed is generally applied in different dosage forms for the formulation of stable aggregated Accepted 2 May 2010 macromolecules. Many properties like diffusion coefficient, chain conformation, viscosity, Available online 07 January 2011 polarizability, miscibility, etc., are drastically changed due to the introduction of a polyelectrolyte. Keywords: The formation of PECs is influenced not only by chemical properties like stereochemical fitting, Beads their molecular weight, charge densities, etc. but also by secondary experimental conditions In vitro release like concentration of polyelectrolytes prior to mixing, their mixing ratio, ionic strength of the Polyelectrolyte complex solution, mixing order, etc. The formation of PECs is described in this article and it is divided into Swelling three main classes, i.e., primary complex formation, formation process within intracomplexes and intercomplex aggregation process. There are different types of PECs obtained according to binding agents such as polymers, proteins, surfactants, drugs, etc. Other factors which affect the formation of PECs are also discussed. There are a number of pharmaceutical applications of polyelectrolytes, such as in controlled -
Stability of ,Aqueous a =Al203 Suspensions with Poly(Methacry1ic
J. Am. Cerum. SOC., 71 14) 250-55 (1988) Stability of ,Aqueous a =Al203Suspensions with Poly(methacry1ic acid) Polyelectrolyte JOSEPH CESARANO III* and ILHAN A. AKSAY* Department of Materials Science and Engiineering, College of Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98 195 ALAN BLEIER* Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,* Oak Ridge, Tennessee 3783 1 Stability of aqueous a-A1,O3 suspensions with Na+ salt of have a substantial surface charge of the same sign so that irre- poly(methacry1ic acid) (PMAA-Na) polyelectrolyte was studied versible agglomeration is prevented.' In general, ceramic sus- as a function of pH. At a given pH, the transition from the pensions can be stabilized electrostatically, but improvement of the flocculated to the dispersed state corresponded to the ad- suspensions to better meet the requirements necessary for ceramic sorption saturation limit of the powders by the PMAA. As the processing is possible by incorporating polymeric additives. pH was decreased, the adsorption saturation limit increased Industrial experience shows, for instance, that in highly concen- until insolubility and charge neutralizatioin of the PMAA was trated oxide suspensions, problems related to high viscosity, aging, approached. The critical amount of PMAA required to achieve and processing of multiphase systems can be drastically reduced by stability is outlined in a stability map. using polyelectrolytes as dispersants or deflocc~lants.~.~However, in spite of these advantages in using polyelectrolytes to stabilize suspensions, a great deal of misunderstanding exists in the general ceramic community as to the fundamental roles of these polymeric I. Introduction additives. Thus, this investigation was designed to elucidate the OR many applications in ceramic processing it is desirable to mechanisms of polyelectrolyte stabilization and to relate them to F sinter at relatively low temperatures and to obtain fully dense the chemistry of the powder surface and the polymer additive. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Phase Behavior of Particle
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Phase Behavior of Particle-Polyelectrolyte Complexes A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Chemical Engineering by John E. Neilsen 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS Phase Behavior of Particle-Polyelectrolyte Complexes by John Neilsen Master of Science in Chemical Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Samanvaya Srivastava, Chair The phase behavior of particle-polyelectrolyte complexes was systematically studied using a model system comprising oppositely charged silica nanoparticles and poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) polycations. Phase behaviors of aqueous mixtures of silica nanoparticles and PAH were elucidated over a wide parameter space of particle and polyelectrolyte concentrations as well as solution pH. Trends in phase behaviors were analyzed to create a fundamental understanding of the fundamental properties that govern the complexation of these oppositely charged species. ii The thesis of John Neilsen is approved. Vasilios Manousiouthakis Junyoung O. Park Samanvaya Srivastava, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2019 iii Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………..………………….…….…..….…..…1 1.1 Aqueous Particle-Polyelectrolyte Self-Assemblies…………..…….....………….....….….1 1.2 Biological Significance …………..……………………..…...….…...…......…….…………..2 1.3 Technological Applications…………..………………….……......……………...………....2 2. Background……………………………………………...………………….……………………..……5 2.1 The Voorn-Overbeek Theory……….………………….…….……………….……….……6 -
A Surlyn® Ionomer As a Self-Healing and Self-Sensing Composite
A Surlyn® Ionomer as a Self-Healing and Self-Sensing Composite Phillip John Reynolds ID 618 217 A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of MRes in the Science and Engineering of Materials Department of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham December 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. A Surlyn® Ionomer as a Self-Healing and Self-Sensing Composite Abstract The ionomer known by its trademark name as Surlyn® has recently become an area of interest as it reportedly has the ability to self-heal. In this project, new techniques were employed to investigate three grades of Surlyn® (PC2000, 9910 and 1706) with a view to the development of a self-healing and self-sensing composite. The study initially focused on the development of Surlyn plaques and Surlyn fibres; reporting on both the self-healing and self-sensing capabilities of Surlyn®. Grade PC2000 fibres were shown to have the highest light transmission results and clearly showed the ability to act as self-sensing light guides. The crack healing ability of Surlyn® fibres and Surlyn® film was studied during mode I fracture tests and Surlyn® was shown to act as a crack arrestor increasing the fracture toughness of carbon-fibre and also suggesting that Surlyn® is able to self-heal. -
Carbosperse K-7058N Sodium Polyacrylate Is Also Available in a Powder Form Known As Carbosperse K-7058D
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Carbosperse™ K-7058N Sodium Polyacrylate Carbosperse K-7058N polyacrylate is a sodium salt of a low molecular weight water soluble acrylic acid polymer (i.e., Carbosperse K-7058) supplied as a water white to amber, slightly hazy, 45% total solids solution in water. Carbosperse K-7058N polyacrylate is a high performance polyelectrolyte with multi-functional properties including sequestration, dispersion, scale inhibition, crystal growth distortion, binding, and plasticizing. The typical properties for Carbosperse K-7058N polyacrylate are as follows: Form Water solution Appearance Water white to amber, slightly hazy Total solids (%) 45 (44 to 46)* Active solids (%) 35.7 Molecular weight** (GPC MW) 7,300 pH 7.0 (6.5 to 7.5)* Viscosity (cP at 25°C) 675 (500 to 750)* Specific gravity 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) * Specification. ** Expressed as polyacrylic acid as determined an aqueous GPC method. Carbosperse K-7058N sodium polyacrylate is also available in a powder form known as Carbosperse K-7058D. CBSK7058N-TDS (Jun-07) ™ Trademark of The Lubrizol Corporation Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. The information contained herein is believed to be reliable, but no representations, guarantees or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for particular applications or the results to be obtained. The information is based on laboratory work with small-scale equipment and does not necessarily indicate end 9911 Brecksville Road product performance. Because of the variations in methods, conditions and equipment used commercially in processing these materials, no warranties or guarantees Cleveland, OH 44141-3247 are made as to the suitability of the products for the applications disclosed. -
Understanding Ion and Solvent Transport in Anion Exchange Membranes Under Humidified Conditions
UNDERSTANDING ION AND SOLVENT TRANSPORT IN ANION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES UNDER HUMIDIFIED CONDITIONS by Himanshu Sarode © Copyright by Himanshu Sarode, 2015 All rights reserved A thesis submitted to the Faculty and Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Chemical Engineering). Golden, Colorado Date _____________________ Signed: ___________________________ Himanshu N. Sarode Signed: ___________________________ Dr. Andrew M. Herring Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date _____________________ Signed: ___________________________ Dr. David W. M. Marr Professor and Head Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering ii ABSTRACT Anion exchange membranes (AEM) have been studied for more than a decade for potential applications in low temperature fuel cells and other electrochemical devices. They offer the advantage of faster reaction kinetics under alkaline conditions and ability to perform without costly platinum catalyst. Inherently slow diffusion of hydroxide ions compared to protons is a primary reason for synthesizing and studying the ion transport properties in AEMs. The aim of this thesis is to understand ion transport in novel AEMs using Pulse Gradient stimulated Spin Echo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique (PGSE NMR), water uptake, ionic conductivity, Small Angle X- ray Scattering (SAXS) etc. All experiments were performed under humidified conditions (80-95% relative humidity) and fuel cell operating temperatures of 30-90°C. In this work, the NMR tube design was modified for humidifying the entire NMR tube evenly from our previous design. We have developed a new protocol for replacing caustic hydroxide with harmless fluoride or bicarbonate ions for 19F and 13C NMR diffusion experiments. After performing these NMR experiments, we have obtained in-depth understanding of the morphology linked ion transport in AEMs.