Gründungsgeschichte Des Max-Planck-Instituts Für Mathematik

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Gründungsgeschichte Des Max-Planck-Instituts Für Mathematik Grundungsgeschichte¨ des Max-Planck-Instituts fur¨ Mathematik Grundungsgeschichte¨ des Max-Planck-Instituts fur¨ Mathematik von Friedrich Hirzebruch Am 31. M¨arz 2006 gab es im Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Mathematik in Bonn eine Festveranstaltung aus Anlass des 25-j¨ahrigen Bestehens des MPI. Der erste Direktor des MPI, Prof. Friedrich Hirzebruch hielt bei dieser Veranstaltung einen Vortrag, in dem er die Entstehungsgeschichte des Instituts beschrieb. Wir danken Prof. Hirzebruch fur¨ die Genehmigung zum Abdruck seines Manuskripts in den Mitteilungen. (RSP) Ich lese zun¨achst aus der Suddeutschen¨ Zeitung vom Frau und mich. Wir kennen den dritten Pr¨asiden- 20. Mai 1960 vor: ten der MPG also seit 50 Jahren. Er ist unser Grun-¨ dungspr¨asident und heute bei uns. 1956 kam ich nach In Anwesenheit von Bundespr¨asident Lubke¨ hielt die Deutschland zuruck und trat meine Professur an der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft ihre elfte ordentliche Haupt- ¨ versammlung in Bremen ab. Fur¨ den auf eigenen Universit¨at Bonn zum Sommersemester 1956 an. Das Wunsch aus seinem Amt als Pr¨asident der Gesell- war vor 100 Semestern. Ich freue mich, daß meine al- schaft scheidenden Professor Otto Hahn wurde Profes- ma mater heute durch Rektor Magnifizenz Winiger sor Adolf Butenandt, Leiter des Max-Planck-Instituts und Kanzler Lutz vertreten ist. fur¨ Chemie in Munchen,¨ zum Nachfolger gew¨ahlt. ... Ich war von Princeton so begeistert, daß mir von In einer Pressekonferenz kundigte¨ Professor Buten- Beginn meiner T¨atigkeit in Bonn an die Einrichtung andt eine Vermehrung der geisteswissenschaftlichen eines Instituts in Deutschland vorschwebte, das mit Institute der Gesellschaft an. So werde es notwendig der School of Mathematics des Institute for Advanced sein, ein Institut fur¨ vergleichende Rechtsgeschichte Study vergleichbar war. Ich begann mit der Einla- und eines fur¨ Mathematik zu errichten. dung von Gastprofessoren, der erste war – im Som- Bereits unter ihrem ersten Pr¨asidenten Otto Hahn mersemester 1957 – Nicolaas Kuiper, sp¨ater Direktor besch¨aftigte sich die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft also des Institut des Hautes Etudes´ Scientifiques (IHES) mit der m¨oglichen Grundung¨ eines Max-Planck- in Bures-sur-Yvette bei Paris. Der jetzige Direktor, Instituts fur¨ Mathematik. Wie ist das zu erkl¨aren? Jean-Pierre Bourguignon, ist heute bei uns. Der zwei- Zun¨achst eine l¨angere Vorgeschichte: te Gastprofessor (Sommersemester 1958) war Raoul Von 1952 bis 1954 war ich member (Gastforscher) Bott, seit 1959 Harvard University, Wolf-Preis 2000. am Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, das heute durch Professor MacPherson vertreten wird. An der School of Mathematics des Institute waren 40 bis 50 jungere¨ und ¨altere Gastforscher aus aller Welt, die sich fur¨ ein bis zwei Jahre frei von anderen Verpflichtungen ungehindert ihren Forschungen wid- men konnten. Jeder konnte w¨ahlen, in welche Rich- tung die Forschung gehen sollte, aber niemand war isoliert. Die regelm¨aßigen Diskussionen, zum Beispiel w¨ahrend der Teestunde oder den abendlichen Par- ties, halfen bei der Arbeit. Fur¨ mich gab es stets eine ganze Reihe von Mathematikern mit ¨ahnlichen In- teressen. Die Professoren am Institute veranstalteten Seminare. Ich besuchte Seminare von Marston Mor- se und Hermann Weyl (fruher¨ G¨ottingen, seit 1934 Nicolaas Kuiper Professor am Institute). T¨aglich sah ich Einstein und G¨odel. Vielleicht wirkte das anregend bei der Arbeit. Ich sah aber auch die Folgen des Nazi-Regimes fur¨ die Wissenschaft in Deutschland und die gerade rechtzei- tige Grundung¨ des Institute for Advanced Study im Jahre 1930. Die Ergebnisse meiner Habilitationsschrift, uber¨ die in diesem Flyer berichtet wird, waren im Dezem- ber 1953 fertig. Sie waren die Ursache fur¨ den Ruf nach Bonn, den ich 1955 erhielt, kurz vor der Abrei- se zur Princeton University,woichAssistant Profes- sor wurde. In Princeton besuchte Reimar Lust¨ meine Raoul Bott DMV-Mitteilungen 14-2/2006 73 Friedrich Hirzebruch Michael Atiyah, A. Borel und N. H. Kuiper, 1967 (links) / Hans Grauert, 1966 (Mitte) / Alexander Grothendieck, M. Artin und S.J. Abhyankar, 1970 (rechts) Beide Gastprofessoren wurden fur¨ mich enge Freun- forschern die Grundlage fur¨ den erfolgreichen An- de. Sie kamen immer wieder nach Bonn. Beide sind trag fur¨ den Sonderforschungsbereich 40 (Theoreti- verstorben. Im Sommersemester 1957 gab es die ers- sche Mathematik) bei der Deutschen Forschungsge- te Arbeitstagung, die dann j¨ahrlich veranstaltet und meinschaft wurden, die heute durch ihren Pr¨asiden- weltweit unter diesem Namen bekannt wurde, oh- ten, Herrn Winnacker, vertreten wird. Der SFB nahm ne vorbereitetes Programm, aber mit Programmdis- 1969 seine Arbeit auf, die Arbeitstagung wurde eine kussion und Auswahl der Redner w¨ahrend der Ta- SFB-Veranstaltung. Der SFB hatte einen Etat von gungswoche. Nur der erste Redner der Tagung wurde etwa 2 Millionen DM pro Jahr. Regelm¨aßig waren vorher bestimmt. Zur ersten Arbeitstagung wurden 40 Gastforscher und Gastforscherinnen am SFB. Der eingeladen: Michael Atiyah (Fields Medaille 1966, SFB war wiederum die Basis fur¨ das heutige MPI fur¨ sp¨ater unter anderem Pr¨asident der Royal Society Mathematik, dessen Grundung¨ am 7. M¨arz 1980 vom und Grundungsdirektor¨ des Isaac Newton Institute Senat der MPG beschlossen wurde. for Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge, Abel-Preis Aber jetzt will ich erst erz¨ahlen, wie es 1960 zu der 2004; er ist unser heutiger Festredner); Hans Grau- Pressemitteilung von Pr¨asident Butenandt kam, daß ert (seit 1959 Professor in G¨ottingen, st¨andig einge- die Grundung¨ eines MPI fur¨ Mathematik notwendig ladener Gastforscher am IHES, sp¨ater unter anderem sei. Danach berichte ich von der Grundung,¨ die wir Pr¨asident der G¨ottinger Akademie der Wissenschaf- heute feiern. ten); Alexander Grothendieck (Fields Medaille 1966, ab 1958 Professor am IHES); Nicolaas Kuiper (unser Die Geschichte beginnt am 14. April 1958, als mir der erster Gastprofessor und, wie schon erw¨ahnt, sp¨a- belgische Mathematiker Paul Dedecker einen Brief ter Direktor des IHES); Jacques Tits (ordentlicher schrieb. Der EURATOM-Vertrag sehe die Grundung¨ Professor der Universit¨at Bonn von 1964 bis 1974, einer europ¨aischen Institution im Range einer Univer- dann am Coll`ege de France, Wolf-Preis 1993). Die- sit¨at vor. Man wolle in diesem Rahmen ein europ¨ai- se funf¨ Mathematiker gelten als Grundungsv¨ ¨ater der sches Institute for Advanced Study fur¨ Mathematik, Arbeitstagung. Atiyah war oft der erste und damit EUROMAT genannt, grunden.¨ Jedes EURATOM- vorherbestimmte Redner der Arbeitstagung. W¨ah- Land werde in einer Planungskommission von zwei rend der 30 Tagungen, die ich bis 1991 organisierte, Mathematikern vertreten, die deutschen Vertreter hat er 32 Mal vorgetragen. Heute ist er also wieder seien Hellmuth Kneser (Tubingen)¨ und Wilhelm Suss¨ bei uns. (Direktor des Mathematischen Forschungsinstituts Oberwolfach im Schwarzwald). Suss¨ sei erkrankt, ich Die Universit¨at Bonn, das Ministerium in Dussel-¨ solle an seiner Stelle zur Sitzung am 16. April 1958 dorf und die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft un- nach Brussel¨ kommen (zwei Tage nach dem Datum terstutzten¨ mich bei meinen Bemuhungen¨ sehr. Bei des Briefes). Ich nahm an der Sitzung teil. Ein An- Bleibeverhandlungen, etwa bei der Berufung nach trag an Pr¨asident Louis Armand der EURATOM- G¨ottingen 1956, war die normale Antwort des Minis- Kommission in Brussel¨ wurde abgesandt. Es wurde teriums auf meine Wunsche:¨ Aber selbstverst¨and- verabredet, daß wir in der jeweiligen Hauptstadt in ” lich, Herr Professor“. Fur¨ die erste Arbeitstagung den zust¨andigen Ministerien unseren Plan erl¨autern 1957 gab es 1.000 DM (Erlaß des Kultusministers sollten. Das hatte zur Folge, daß ich bereits 1958 vom 26. Februar 1957). Eine kleine Exzellenzinitia- bei mehreren Bonner Ministerien als nur schlecht ab- tive. Ich erz¨ahle dies so ausfuhrlich,¨ weil die sich gut zuweisender Antragsteller bekannt wurde. Hellmuth entwickelnde Arbeitstagung und die zahlreicher wer- Kneser wurde nach dem Tode von Suss¨ im Mai 1958 denden Aufenthalte von Gastprofessoren und Gast- Direktor von Oberwolfach. Er machte mich zu seinem 74 DMV-Mitteilungen 14-2/2006 Grundungsgeschichte¨ des Max-Planck-Instituts fur¨ Mathematik Jaques Tits, 1973 (links) / Wilhelm Suss,¨ o.J. (Mitte links) / Hellmuth Kneser, o.J. (Mitte rechts) / Henri Cartan, 1968 (rechts) Mittelsmann in Bonn, was weitere Besuche von offi- bringen, da die Zeit dafur¨ noch nicht reif sei. Jetzt ziellen Stellen zur Folge hatte. Fur¨ Suss¨ und danach gab ich EUROMAT ganz auf und schrieb noch im fur¨ Kneser war es eine muhevolle¨ Arbeit, bei Bon- gleichen Monat (Juli 1958) einen Vorschlag zum Aus- ner Stellen und beim Kultusministerium von Baden- bau des mathematischen Forschungsinstituts Ober- Wurttemberg¨ die n¨otigsten Mittel fur¨ Oberwolfach wolfach, der so beginnt: zu besorgen. Oberwolfach wird vom Bundesinnenministerium Das Oberwolfacher Institut wurde ubrigens¨ 1944 mit- ubernommen¨ und zu einem Institut ausgebaut, das ten im Krieg von Wilhelm Suss¨ gegrundet,¨ eine be- in Deutschland fur¨ die Mathematik eine Rolle uber-¨ sondere Geschichte, die ich hier nicht erz¨ahlen kann. nehmen k¨onnte, wie es die School of Mathematics of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton fur¨ die Nach dem Krieg wurde Oberwolfach ein internatio- USA hat. nales Tagungsinstitut. Schon 1946 kam der beruhmte¨ Henri Cartan aus Paris, der im kommenden Juli sei- Es wurde ein j¨ahrlicher Etat von 600.000 DM vorgese- nen 102. Geburtstag feiert, nach Oberwolfach.
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