Vol. 1, Issue 39 April 16, 2014

A Letter from the Publisher

Shekóli. Last week we applauded Jon Tester (D-Montna) the Native people have said this is righting a historical for standing out on the Senate floor and being recog- wrong and we’ve always owned the land,” said Eastern nized as a friend of Indian country. Tester is an example Shoshone Business Council Chairman Darwin St. Clair, of an informed and rational leader, one who recognizes Jr., “which I would agree with since we’ve been here since the needs of interdependent communities and the ben- time immemorial.” efits of strengthening each and every one of them. It has always been a strong hope of Indian Country that The state has sought to overturn or limit the impact of if enough officials paid heed to men like Tester, and the EPA decision in federal court, but recently Sen. Mike were educated on the legally binding contracts known Enzi (R-Wyoming) introduced a bill to the Senate that as treaties and the fundamental rights of Indian nations looks to use the powers of Congress to tilt the scales out- as sovereign entities, then both the U.S. and Native Na- side the courtroom. As ICTMN’S article elaborates, Enzi’s tions would benefit. However, there are sometimes larger bill says it will “clarify the boundaries of the Wind River forces to overcome than the lack of communication—the worst ob- Indian Reservation” by adhering to the boundaries used since 1905. stacle being people who don’t care enough to learn about Native Critics of Enzi say he is being shortsighted and not truly serving state rights, but simply want them cleared out of the way. interests. “There is no effort to do anything that is beneficial for our tribal nations, “ says Fremont County Commissioner Keja White- An interesting situation arose recently in what is now known as the man. “Which is unfortunate because if native people were more state of Wyoming, and serves as the background to the more topical prosperous Fremont County and Wyoming would benefit. There is a news elements in this week’s feature, “Wyoming Senator Drafts Bill continuous effort to “fight” tribes by our own elected officials.” ‘To Clarify’ Reservation Borders.” Simply put, the Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone Tribal Nations wanted to address air pollu- It is a simple truth. As Native people, we are tied to the land. When tion on the Wind River Reservation, and were in the process of we prosper, the land prospers—and so does everyone else living on it. working with the Environmental Protection Agency on expanding the reservations network of air monitors. But first, the EPA needed NΛ ki� wa, to establish the scope of land over which the Arapaho and Shoshone had jurisdiction—and the federal agency determined that the city of Riverton was within the reservation, and not without. This deci- sion flew in the face of local governmental interpretation of a 1905 pact that had allowed settlers to move into native land. Naturally, the EPA did not get any argument from Indian officials. “Most of Ray Halbritter

Table of Contents 2 commentary 11 week in Photos

4 News 12 tradewinds classifieds 7  A Smuggler’s Worst 13 web, events, letters Nightmare

9 First Nations Save First 14 c artoon, news alerts Foods 15 uPcoming Pow wows 10  Rethink Wind River’s Borders 16 the big picture 11 ck M cneel a J

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 2 commentary

The Stranglehold on Native ment not only through the boilerplate Our poverty is accentuated by the con- Governance constitutions that they adopted, but also spicuous wealth of our neighbors. We are Dino Gilio-Whitaker, Colville, a research through their emphasis on economics alienated by a system of greed not of our associate at the Center for World Indig- and land ownership. Those constitutions making. enous Studies, traces faults in the current were not rooted in indigenous traditions The capitalist system is the business tribal system to capitalism in general: and worldviews but the worldviews of approach to life, not a Mitakuye Oyasin Capitalism as a way of life was imposed the Euro-American system that imposed (“we are all related”) approach to life, the as a civilizing technique of the coloniz- itself and its values on private property, way we were taught by our elders. It was ing American government, especially rugged individualism and selfishness. perhaps inevitable and beyond our con- during the eras of assimilation and the The result is an uncomfortable di- trol that we would get swept up into the Indian Reorganization Act. The goals of chotomy, ever present in the way Indi- capitalist paradigm. But now the limits to self-government under the IRA were en- ans must negotiate their worlds today. capitalism are painfully obvious. My hope visioned primarily as a business creation Like the poorest people in the poorest is that we will look back and see the eco- and management regime. Tribal govern- countries of the world, we all want the nomic system that drives us now as just ments were organized as corporations. good life we see other Americans enjoy- a phase of development the human race When the tribal governments were cre- ing. In some ways the pressure is more passed through to reach a more just and ated they mirrored the American govern- pronounced because it is so in our face. equitable society. http://bit.ly/Q5dkCo 0

A Tale of Dueling Budgets But if you look at the total package of search at NIH, primary care services ICTMN contributor Mark Trahant spending, then Indian-related programs provided at community health centers, points up the conflicting claims about the would be hit hard in a Ryan budget. Just mental health and substance abuse ser- federal FY 2015 budget proposed by Rep. consider Medicaid. This is a part of the vices at SAMSHA, comprehensive health Paul Ryan (R-Wisconsin) and the House’s Indian health budget that is increasing, care provided by the Indian Health Ser- Democratic alternative: but Ryan’s budget calls for $2.7 trillion vice, and other vital public health pro- House Democrats said Ryan’s last bud- in cuts to Medicaid and subsidies to help grams,” the Democratic plan says. “In get—similar in nature to this one—would low- and moderate-income people buy contrast, the Republican budget cuts this have reduced spending for the Bureau of private insurance. Also, the Ryan plan category of funding by more than twice Indian Affairs by $375 million and the shifts Medicaid spending into state block as much as it would be cut if the seques- Indian Health Service by $637 million. grants, making it even less accessible to ter went into effect and stayed in effect However Rep. Tom Cole (R-Oklahoma) tribal programs. for 10 years.” said the assessment was wrong: “This The Democrats, on the other hand, These dueling budgets, these different idea that a Ryan budget means cuts in support an increase in Medicaid spend- approaches to governing, are the frame- Indian programs is simply not true. We ing, encouraging states to expand eligi- work for the November elections. The only have evidence that while it lowers overall bility. “Our budget preserves non-defense problem is that those who want budgets government spending, it also allows us to discretionary spending, the category of cut dramatically, the Tea Party folks, will re-prioritize where the money goes.” funding that supports biomedical re- turn out and vote. http://bit.ly/OKty2B 0

Lessons Learned on Capitol being of our children, elders and Tribal that few bills are introduced, passed and Hill leaders. To that end, I offer two insights signed into law during one session of After serving as staff director and chief for strategic advocacy success: Congress. Instead, just like our ancestors counsel for Senate Committee on Indian • Use the Indian Affairs Committee’s we must persist and persevere. Our sur- Affairs Chairman Daniel Akaka (D- vast legislative record to achieve today’s vival depends on it. Hawaii), Attorney Loretta A. Tuell, Nez goals. Why start over? For example, • Build nonpartisan support. “Today’s Perce, was barred by ethics rules from hav- during the 112th Congress, Chairman enemies can be tomorrow’s friends,” goes ing any advocacy contact with senators or Akaka created a dynamic record on a the adage. The current political climate staff members for a year. A year later, she host of priorities, like the “Carcieri fi x ”, underscores the need to build non-par- is now free to make these observations: federal recognition and Internet gaming. tisan support in Indian affairs. It is not I believe it is critical that all the “col- The facts, figures, and impacts devel- self-evident to Democrats, Republicans lective voices” within Indian country oped from written and oral testimony at and Independents that they have a consti- are joined together. My vision was to hearings, mark-ups and filed reports are tutional duty and a trust responsibility to strengthen tribal sovereignty; to protect strategic weapons to be used as catalysts Native Americans. Non-partisan support and grow our homelands and resources; for action. Don’t reinvent the wheel, but should be built with mutual respect and to safeguard our Native identity, culture try to strengthen the existing record to education. Don’t let ignorance be an ex- and tradition; and to advance the well propel forward movement. Keep in mind cuse. http://bit.ly/1hUXeFX 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 31st

AN INTERNATIONAL WORLD CELEBRATION APRIL 24-26, 2014 ALBUQUERQUE, NM NORTH AMERICA’S BIGGEST POWWOW

www. GatheringofNations .com 4 Indian Country Today

Veronica’s Birth Mother Drops Bid to Overturn ICWA in South Carolina Navajo Nation to Get $1 Billion in Historic Kerr-McGee $5.15 Billion By SUZETTE BREWER Cleanup Settlement The legal team for Christinna Maldonado, the birth mother of Kerr-McGee Corp. and its Kerr-McGee over the envi- “Baby Veronica” Brown, has quietly dropped its class action suit, parent Anadarko Petroleum ronmental debt. The U.S., which sought to overturn portions of the Indian Child Welfare Corp. will pay a record $5.15 as Tronox’s largest creditor, Act (ICWA) by contending it is “race-based” legislation, Indian billion to remediate pollut- intervened on behalf of the Country Media Network has confirmed. ed industrial sites around EPA.” The case, Maldonado et al v. Holder, in which the United States the United States, with $1 The Justice Department and the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma were also named as de- billion of that going to ura- held that the spinoff and fendants, had been filed last July during the height of the legal nium cleanup on the Navajo subsequent bankruptcy were firestorm in which Matt and Melanie Capobianco of James Is- Nation, the U.S. Department nothing more than a ploy to land, South Carolina, were seeking custody of a Cherokee child of Justice announced on evade responsibility and in they had named Veronica. April 3. fact constituted fraud. In De- The Supreme Court had ruled in June 2013 that Veronica’s The settlement caps a cember 2013 a bankruptcy biological father, Dusten Brown, could not sue under ICWA years-long legal battle over judge ruled that Anadarko because he did not have “continued” custody of the girl. The whether the two companies and Kerr-McGee were liable case made headlines around the world, though the little girl was were responsible for clean- for damages ranging from eventually returned to live with the adoptive couple in South ing up the waste from their $5.1 billion to $14.1 billion. Carolina in September of last year. abandoned operations after a Of the $1 billion, $985 Maldonado had initially remained quiet during the legal spinoff that held the liability million will go to the U.S. proceedings, but eventually joined the class action suit, which went bust. Environmental Protection included a dozen other women in filing the litigation in federal “Kerr-McGee spun off Agency for cleanup of radio- court in South Carolina. Their suit sought to declare the “Indian its chemicals business and active waste at 50 abandoned preference” under section 1915 of the ICWA “unconstitutional,” old environmental liabilities uranium sites within and sur- because it “violated their civil rights to choose fit, stable adop- as Tronox Inc. beginning rounding the Navajo Nation, tive parents for their birth children,” according to one of their in 2005,” Bloomberg News the Justice Department said. attorneys. explained. “About three Another $43 million But on January 27, the plaintiffs quietly filed a voluntary motion months after the transaction will go directly to the Na- for dismissal with the court, putting an end to one of the longest, was completed, Anadarko vajo Nation so it can clean most expensive and emotional custody cases in U.S. history. offered to buy Kerr-McGee’s up radioactive waste at the “We are pleased Ms. Maldonado and the unnamed plaintiffs oil and natural gas assets for Kerr-McGee uranium mill voluntarily dismissed the suit,” said Chrissi Nimmo, assistant at- $18 billion. Tronox filed for in Shiprock, New Mexico. torney general for the Cherokee Nation. “We never believed the bankruptcy in 2009 and sued http://bit.ly/1mVeuv7 suit had any merit and we were prepared to actively defend the 0 suit had we ever been served.” http://bit.ly/1lLMYD4 0

Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation Declares Drought Emergency As California Water Shortage Continues properties; closely monitor and reduce irrigation; use recycled water from its The Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation has de- California has been laboring under a olive mill to water olive trees, and edu- clared a drought emergency and called drought for many months, and this year cate tribal citizens and employees on upon its members to cut their water use it has reached crisis proportions. Gov. saving water.” by 20 percent. Jerry Brown declared a drought emer- Given the elevated fire risk, the Yocha “The drought threatens how we eat gency in January, and several tribes, in- Dehe Fire Department is also on high and drink everyday, how we manage cluding the Hoopa, have followed suit. alert, the tribe said, and is working with our businesses, how we protect our In March, Brown signed a $687 mil- the community to ensure that wildfires environment and how we plan for our lion bill enabling drought relief, though are put out quickly and do not spread. families’ futures,” said Tribal Chairman it was not clear how much specifically “We are used to the high risk of fire in our Marshall McKay. “These threats are would go toward tribes. area during the dry summers and fall, but faced by everyone in California and we The Yocha Dehe Tribal Coun- two straight years of drought have created all must do our part, working together, cil passed a resolution directing that a much more dangerous threat level,” said to conserve and protect in every way the tribe “intensify its use of native, Yocha Dehe Fire Chief Gary Frederick- possible.” drought-tolerant plant species on all sen. http://bit.ly/1gXtUi5 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 5 Indian Country Today

Author Peter Matthiessen, Ho-Chunk Inc. Subsidiary and psychological damage that cen- Chronicler of Leonard turies of European occupation have Awarded $80 Million Federal Peltier, Walks On Contract wrought. The book provides insight National Book Award winner and not only into the hurt being inflicted All Native, Inc., a division of Ho-Chunk, champion of Indian rights Peter Mat- on Turtle Island’s First Peoples but also Inc., the economic development corpora- thiessen walked on April 5 at the age of the injury that those who are attempt- tion owned by the Winnebago Tribe of 86. He was celebrated for In the Spirit ing to eradicate them inflict on them- Nebraska, was recently awarded an $80 of Crazy Horse: The Story of Leonard selves. million by the State Department’s Diplo- Peltier and the FBI’s War on the Ameri- “It isn’t enough to admire Indian matic Security Training Center (DSTC) can Indian Movement (Viking, 1991) teachings; we need them,” Matthiessen Professional Support Services Contract. and the prophetic Indian Country (Vi- wrote in the introduction to Indian The contract marks the single largest an- king, 1984). Country. “We belong to this earth, it nual revenue contract award in the com- “In the Spirit of Crazy Horse is one does not belong to us; it cares for us, pany’s history. of those rare books that permanently and we must care for it. If our time on All Native, Inc. will provide program change one’s consciousness about im- earth is to endure, we must love the management and administrative support portant, yet neglected, facets of our earth in the strong, unsentimental way to the State Department’s Bureau of Diplo- history,” wrote Alan M. Dershowitz in of traditional peoples, not seeking to matic Security. The department is involved The New York Times. It is an effort that exploit but to live in balance with the in an ongoing effort to upgrade security is still under way today as Peltier, giv- natural world. When modern man has domestically and at its overseas facilities en consecutive life sentences after his regained his reverence for land and in order to better protect personnel, prop- 1977 murder conviction on the killing life, then the lost Paradise, the Golden erty and national security information. The of two FBI agents, remains in prison. Age in the race memories of all peo- company will assist in this effort by provid- Soon after that would come Indian ples will come again, and all men will ing training to State Department agents Country, equally scathing in its indict- be ‘in Dios,’ people of God.” http://bit. and other employees at the DSTC. ment of the environmental, cultural ly/1hsZZPU All Native, Inc. will work with the 0 DSTC to educate individuals on defensive measures against firearms; learning how to drive and navigate a vehicle through an attack while avoiding collision; identifying and averting a potential deadly explosive Tulalip Fundraiser Helps for the table, symbolic of the fact situation; as well as handling situations Residents Begin to Heal that each day we live, we have much consisting of multiple life-threatening sce- in Washington Landslide to be thankful for. Drummers and narios. The company will employ physical singers offered traditional songs, security specialists, many types of subject By RICHARD WALKER medicine for a hurting community. matter experts, investigative professionals, A three-hour event in Tulalip, Wash- On the floor, children danced, sym- financial managers, cyber professionals as ington on April 5 to assist victims of bolic of the fact that life is worth cel- well as other personnel in professional the nearby landslide-ravaged town ebrating. Elders offered some classic support fields for these courses. of Oso raised more than $3,000 in hymns, each one telling a story— The DSTC provides varying levels of funds, food and supplies. The event that we don’t walk alone through education from entry level to experienced was more than a fundraiser; it was life’s dangers, toils and snares, and agents in training. Therefore, the instruc- a gathering to help people—Native that though this life is fleeting, it tors for the courses are equipped with the and non-Native alike, from Tulalip is followed by a life that cannot be most up-to-date information and experi- and from the region—come togeth- wiped away by landslide or other ence. All Native, Inc. will work to employ er and begin to heal from the March catastrophes of nature or mankind. instructors who have recently returned 22 disaster in which 33 people died The April 5 event was one of sev- from high threat areas to enhance this and 12 are still listed as missing eral fundraisers being held in the level of training. Remembrance was on the minds region to assist victims and families. The DSTC Professional Support Ser- of those at the Tulalips Tribes Gym- Earlier, the Tulalip Tribes donated vices Contract will employ 225 person- nasium that evening. The fire chief’s $100,000 to the American Red Cross nel over a three-year period. The contract young nephew, Tulalip citizen KC of Snohomish County and $50,000 support is predominantly located at the Hots, opened the event with a prayer to the Cascade Valley Health Foun- domestic DOS facilities but will also sup- in the Lushootseed language. He dation to assist with the relief effort port and train personnel globally which thanked the Creator for the day and in Oso. http://bit.ly/OKHl9r includes over 260 Foreign Service posts 0 worldwide. http://bit.ly/1qlpPqo 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 6 Indian Country Today

Grubbe Re-Elected Funding Compact,” said per reported. “It’s not just a member Kevin Nelson has Agua Caliente Chair NTU president Dr. Elmer J. property crime,” said Brett just learned he is the bio- Will serve second Guy, “we will be able to pro- Silver, supervising ranger for logical father of a 5-year-old two-year term vide the necessary resourc- Redwood National and State boy whose mother allegedly es for students in Chinle.” Parks in California. “It’s a leg- locked him in a wire dog Jeff L. Grubbe was re-elected http://bit.ly/1oQn3MD 0 acy, like hacking up a church.” cage for up to 14 hours a day. on March 18 to a second The Yurok Tribe agreed, not- The Department of Human consecutive two-year term as Cherokee Nation ing on its website that red- Services notified Nelson, a the tribal council chairman Veterans Center woods are “sacred living father and husband in Tulsa, for the Agua Caliente Band Opens beings” that “stand as guard- Oklahoma, earlier this year of Cahuilla Indians in Palm Accord between ians over our sacred places.” that he had a son with former Springs, California. Larry Arizona and Navajo http://bit.ly/1lNOmma 0 girlfriend Suzanne Satter- N. Olinger was re-elected as field, 33. Unaware that Sat- tribal council vice chairman The new $2 million Chero- FireKeepers To terfield had been pregnant, for a two-year term. Other kee Nation Veterans Center Debut IGaming Nelson requested a DNA tribal council positions de- is now open for military vet- Website test; results confirmed his cided by the tribal election erans to visit or seek guid- More options paternity. Satterfield and her were Vincent Gonzales III ance from the tribe’s office of for customers live-in boyfriend Johnathan re-elected as tribal council Veteran Affairs in Tahlequah, Lee, 31, were both charged secretary/treasurerm and Oklahoma. The 700-square- The Nottawaseppi Huron with child abuse on March Anthony J. Andreas III re- foot center, complete with Band of the Potawatomi is 25, reported The Huffing- elected to a fifth consecu- a community room, library, extending the presence of tonPost. “I’m dying to see tive one-year term as council kitchen and sunroom, was FireKeepers Casino Hotel him,” Nelson said of his son. member. Reid D. Milanov- completely funded by the through a new free-to-play http://bit.ly/1gFMjep 0 ich, son of late chairman Cherokee Nation; it is located iGaming website. The pre- Richard M. Milanovich, was just east of the W.W. Keeler existing website www.Fire- Chickasaw Nation elected for a one-year term Complex, with hours from KeepersCasinoHotel.com Partners On Clinic as council member. http:// 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday will soon offer “FireKeepers New capacity bit.ly/1lQikZi 0 through Friday. The center Casino Hotel Online Games” for pharmacists has three full-time tribal em- while also rendering a more Amendment Helps ployees on staff to assist vet- user-friendly interface. To The Chickasaw Nation has Navajo Tech erans with benefits and tribal further enhance guest expe- agreed to partner with the Accord between programs. A Veterans Affairs rience, FireKeepers Casino Oklahoma City Indian Arizona and Navajo readjustment counselor is Hotel’s gaming commission is Clinic on the CARES Capi- also onsite part time. http:// creating a mobile app for use tal Campaign, a $2 million Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer bit.ly/1kwbWXj 0 on smartphones and tablets. fundraising project to con- and Navajo Nation Presi- Initial specs of the app, cur- struct a new 7,000-square- dent Ben Shelly have signed Redwood Poaching rently in development, show foot pharmacy at the clinic. an amendment to the Ari- Attracts Attention it featuring a slot locator, res- The clinic currently operates zona Funding Compact that Spotlight on taurant menus, floor maps a 900-square-foot pharmacy would provide $875,000 growing thievery and many more tools. Guests that fills 200,000 prescrip- annually for the next eight at the brick-and-mortar facil- tions every year. The existing years for a total of $7 mil- Redwoods that have stood ity in Battle Creek, Michigan, space does not allow phar- lion to Navajo Technical like sentinels for a thousand can also enjoy the FireKeep- macists to play an important University’s (NTU) instruc- years or more are being bru- ers’ “Free Zone”, featuring role in helping patients with tional sites in Chinle and talized by poachers, their free slot games located on their needs and answering Teec Nos Pos, Arizona. The burls hacked off and sold, the gaming floor. http://bit.ly/ their questions. The new allocated funds will be used with at least 18 known cases OLyy7g 0 pharmacy, by contrast, will for maintenance, renewal, of burl poaching from red- enable the staff to fill more and capital expenses, and woods in the past year, The Eastern Shawnee than 400,000 prescriptions will be instrumental for the New York Times reported Boy Locked in a year and provide confi- construction of a fully func- on April 8. The slabs of raw Wire Cage dential patient consultation tional campus at NTU’s fast- wood that are used to make Father was unaware space, training rooms and est growing site in Chinle. furniture can sell for hun- of his existence drive-thru operations for “In receiving the additional dreds or even thousands of patient convenience. http:// funds through the Arizona dollars each, the newspa- Eastern Shawnee tribal bit.ly/1hGCXiU 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 7 Indian Country Today

“Just because you’re Native American,” says Shadow Wolf John Bothof (Sioux), “you don’t always have the inherent skills to be a tracker. They have to be learned and practiced regularly.” A Smuggler’s Worst Nightmare

In the desert shadows, Native vigilance awaits by lee allen

Bottom Line: Beware of the Shadow of Native American trackers, rely on grains of desert sand, and “parched” and Wolves, an elite group of Native Ameri- centuries-old tracking skills on a daily “dry” are the passwords for entry. Noted can trackers who will surely intercept you basis while patrolling their portion of naturalist Edward Abbey once said the if you are intruding on their corner of the the 150 miles of border between Arizona terrain offered miles and miles of things Arizona-Mexico border. and Mexico, a labyrinth of corridors and that “sting, stick, stab, or stink.” conduits allowing for illegal activity. This “Things are wide open out there,” said The Tohono O’odham Nation strad- stretch along the reservation proves to be one law enforcement officer. It is estimat- dles the Arizona/Mexico border, where one of the highest-risk entry points. ed that nearly half the narcotics bought the Sonoran Desert’s drastic tempera- In the summer, the desert heat can by Americans each year comes through ture shifts can be dangerous. It is an area hover between 110-120 degrees Fahren- Mexico, and much of the bulkier mari- where, at any given time, a drug smuggler heit, and remains very dry, with an an- juana component makes its way across or undocumented migrant is caught by nual rainfall of 10 inches. In the winter the international boundary through the something just as dangerous–a Shadow season, those temperatures drop to freez- reservation, at or near the town of Sells, Wolf. ing conditions. It’s a place where the sun Arizona. There is a continual supply of

The Shadow Wolves, an elite group beats down relentlessly, winds whip up transporters or “mules” willing to strap Lee A ll e n

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 8 Indian Country Today a 50-pound bale onto their back and take Politics notwithstanding, the two vet- “Marijuana is the big problem here,” on the dangers of the desert. eran supervisors of the Shadow Wolf Carlos added. “Hard drugs tend to be The Shadow Wolves pride themselves unit, Kevin Cross (Tohono O’odham) discovered more at ports of entry, where on being one of those dangers, operating and David Scout (Lakota Sioux) have it’s easier to hide small packets of drugs by this motto: “In brightest day, in dark- their eyes trained on the desert and un- in a vehicle or on a body, but a 50-pound est night, no evil shall escape my sight– explained clouds of dust. “We don’t catch bale of sweet-smelling marijuana is hard for I am the Shadow Wolf.” smugglers every day, but the ones that to conceal.” Created by an act of Congress in 1974, get away just make us want to catch them Over the years, the Shadow Wolves and the Shadow Wolves celebrated their 40th even more,” Scout said. smugglers have played a version of cat- anniversary on April 12. “While it was and-mouse. As spotters sit in the moun- recognized that a drug trafficking cor- tains using binoculars and encrypted ridor ran through tribal lands, this is a radio transmissions to guide the drugs sovereign nation and you don’t just move in transit, the wolves track “cut signs” to in,” said Amber Cargile, Public Affairs chase and apprehend the bad guys. Using Officer for Department of Homeland Se- traditional tracking methods, agents can curity, U.S. Immigrations and Customs look at desert vegetation and tell how re- Enforcement. “When talking with tribal cently a twig has been broken, a blade of leaders about their lands being exploited grass trampled by a human, or how many by the bad guys, they said an office could smugglers there are and in which direc- be established on the Nation, but they tion they were headed. wanted it staffed by Native Americans.” Patrol members grew up comfortable Shadow Wolf John Bothof, Sioux, likes with nature and innately know how to to tell the story of one of the original read the subtle messages. Knowledge group of seven trackers, Stanley Liston, that was passed down from elders shows who epitomized the process of stealth: the wolves that it is possible to hear si- “He was so good he could sneak into a lent things and see the invisible in the throw-down camp when the bad guys desert. The tracking skills have been lik- were sleeping, survey the scene, and ened to playing an instrument: once the come back out and tell waiting law en- rudiments have been learned, it takes forcement officers that this guy is here continual practice before skill levels im- and that guy is there and the dope is prove. here. He got the nickname of ‘Shadow “Just because you’re Native American, Man’ because he could become a part of you don’t always have inherent tracking the scene without being detected and that Shadow Wolf Kevin Cross (Tohono O’odham) skills,” said Bothof. “Over time, anybody title morphed into the Shadow Wolves.” with rug slippers. Smugglers of both people can be taught the basics, but it takes on- The wolf pack, once as large as 20- and dope wear such home-made garments going practice to keep the edge and retain plus members, has been hit hard by the over their shoes to minimize the footprints what it takes to be a success.” recession and subsequent budget cuts. It available for tracking. Forty years after their creation, the has now been reduced to about a dozen Shadow Wolves are legendary. Former trackers who work in inter-governmental Although the desert is huge, certain Tohono O’odham Police Chief Richard cooperation with the U.S. Customs and smuggling corridors are used frequently. Saunders recently paid homage to their Border Patrol, the Bureau of Land Man- “But it’s not just a single corridor, a spe- particular brand of vigilance. Modest agement, Homeland Security Investi- cific route they rely on,” said Shadow technical improvements in the form of gations personnel, sheriff’s deputies in Wolf Kevin Carlos, “it’s a spider web of night vision goggles, he said, were get- two adjacent counties, and the Tohono routes they can utilize to their advantage. ting underway about the time he retired. O’odham Police Department. This is obviously a lucrative business and But such equipment, he noted, can only “There’s a huge federal footprint on those spider webs are owned and oper- get you so far. tribal lands now that wasn’t there years ated by an individual belonging to a par- “What little we had in the way of equip- ago,” says Angel Rascon, Assistant Spe- ticular cartel organization. The spotter in ment was a far cry from the bad guys cial Agent in Charge of the Homeland the mountains is the key because he can who had lots of money and could afford Security operation in Sells. “Because of warn the smugglers to change their route. the high dollar toys to avoid detection,” the sheer amount of traffic we see here And if we take those ‘eyes’ out of the pic- Saunders said. “But no matter how great on the Nation—different corridors run ture, a replacement will quickly arrive. It’s the technology, you still need a physical by different smuggling operations—sev- a challenge for us on the scouting end. body to respond to the sensor hits in the eral task forces come together to handle We could take them down, all day long, field—and that’s what the Shadow Wolves federal, state, and tribal issues.” but it’s like ants—they just keep coming. do well.” http://bit.ly/1krefuP 0 Lee A ll e n

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 9 Indian Country Today First Nations Save First Foods

Northwest Tribes Seek to Restore Fish Runs by jack mcneel

Bottom Line: Man-made barriers problems restricted to the Columbia River. ministration (NOAA) Fisheries biologist have decimated or slashed many fish “The tributaries and main stem Snake Ritchie Graves pointed out that this proce- populations. But the damage may not be River habitat are probably in worse shape dure was relatively cheap, no handling was irreversible than on the Columbia,” said Dave John- required, fish were from a known source, son, program manager for the Nez Perce and it was an easy estimate to understand. Salmon and other migratory fish at- Department of Fisheries. “The main stem In addition, he said, everyone using this tempting to return to their spawning is a mess. All the Snake River salmon and technique sends their findings in, making grounds in the Pacific Northwest face no steelhead populations are listed under the for highly accurate reporting statistics. fewer than 400 man-made barriers in the endangered species act or have been ex- New technology sometimes replaces Columbia River Basin, the earliest dat- tirpated.” old, as cited by James Bartlett, fisheries ing back to 1885—and there may be as By 1980, river flows had been reduced biologist with Portland General Electric. many as 100 more constructed illegally by 50 percent, causing migration time to For instance, Round Butte Dam once on private property, tribal fish biologists increase from weeks to months and de- had a 2.8-mile fish ladder. That was dis- estimate. creasing survival, said Sheri Sears of the continued a few years later, and a truck Now, however, biologists with the Co- Colville Tribes. The granddaddy of all and haul method is now used for both lumbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commis- these barriers is the Grand Coulee, com- juveniles and adults. A pipe releases the sion (CRITFC) are attempting to reverse pleted in 1942, which completely blocked fish 20 feet below the surface to prevent the situation by restoring historic fishing upstream migration all the way into the thermal shock. runs. On April 23 and 24 they will dis- headwaters in western British Colum- Cracking down on the roughly 100 cuss various possibilities at the Future of bia. Also notable are the Brownlee, Hells mostly illegal dams in central Washing- Our Salmon conference in Portland, Or- Canyon and Oxbow dams on the Snake ton would be a good starting point for egon. They have done their groundwork, River, which totally block fish migration restoring the fish runs, Sears said. The having documented most of the obstruc- across western and southern Idaho nearly smaller dams and barriers notwithstand- tions on a massive map of the basin and to the Wyoming border as well. ing, the single overriding problem con- gathered at a CRITFC workshop in mid- Moreover, these are all towering tinues to be moving fish past the major March to review their individual projects dams. The Grand Coulee, for example, hydroelectric dams. Solutions are pos- ahead of the conference. is 551 feet high. The Brownlee tops out sible, but funding is key, which is one Eliminating the obstructions is es- at 420 feet. Others are only slightly low- hope for the outcome of the renegotia- sential not only from a food-security er. Their construction, and lack of any tion of the Columbia River Treaty, which standpoint, the experts said, but also for means to transport fish beyond them, is nearly complete. cultural and spiritual reasons. has changed the culture of Northwestern Perhaps the most unusual option for “The deal we made with the Creator tribes, whose members once depended boosting fish over large dams is being is that if we take care of our first foods, on these fish for food. developed by Whooshh Innovations, a the first foods will take care of us,” said Ever since the first dams were built, company that is testing a flexible sleeve CRITFC Executive Director Paul Lumley. biologists from tribes and governmen- that rapidly moves fish using a pressure “Salmon are the first of the first foods.” tal agencies have sought ways to get fish differential. The first tests will move fish The impediments to fish migration over, around, and through these barriers: 200 feet with a 50-foot rise. But the com- posed by such monolithic barriers as the large and small dams, culverts and even pany is already thinking of much larger Grand Coulee Dam are well documented. waterfalls. Currents and water tempera- numbers, a minimum of 1,000 feet with But anadromous fish face myriad other tures have changed over the years, as well. a 236-foot rise. obstacles as well. In the 129 years since At the March workshop, different lo- “Our model indicates it would take a the Grand Coulee was built in Spokane, cations reported various problems and fish 25 seconds to make that rise,” said Washington, fish passage has been re- possible solutions. One practice that has Whooshh’s Vice President-Fish Transport stricted, if not totally eliminated, in many proved effective is the use of pit tags to Systems Todd Deligan. “Do we want to go areas, tribal experts said at a recent work- compare survival rates between dams. over something like Chief Joseph Dam? shop addressing the issues. Nor are the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- Absolutely.” http://bit.ly/1g1cHjA 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 10 Indian Country Today Rethinking Wind River’s Borders

Who should have the last word? by irina zhorov

Bottom Line: Wyoming and the tribes EPA overstepped its jurisdiction and the The boundaries were set by Congress a who share the Wind River Indian Reser- state filed an appeal with the 10th Circuit long time ago and they should be set by vation in the state are waiting for their Court, where the case remains stalled. the elected representatives of the people. day in court to resolve a border dispute. Mistrust among tribal and non-tribal The EPA has no business deciding land But one senator has drafted a legislative governments about each side’s intentions boundaries, but its action and arguments alternative. has grown, and the quick state reaction in court based on those actions could be roused racial tensions in Riverton. Grass- used for these purposes.” A bill drafted by Sen. Mike Enzi (R- roots efforts, like a new group made up of Gov. Mead’s spokesman, Renny MacK- Wyoming) seeks “to clarify the boundar- reservation residents and called the Wind ay, said that Mead appreciates Enzi’s ies of the Wind River Indian Reservation” River Citizen’s Equality Commission, efforts and believes any changes to juris- by defining them as the borders drawn by dictional boundaries should stem from a 1905 treaty. congressional action. Enzi drafted his bill in response to a But the Northern Arapaho Tribe called December decision by the Environmen- ‘The EPA has no Enzi’s draft bill a betrayal, saying that Enzi tal Protection Agency (EPA) to grant the has “turned his back” on his tribal constit- Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone business deciding land uents in the state. And, citing Enzi’s op- Tribes, who share the reservation, status position to the tribes’ efforts to establish as a state for the purpose of air monitor- boundaries, but its Indian gaming a decade ago, the tribe said ing. The reservation has air pollution action and arguments in this was not the first time he had done so. sources on its land, including energy “It’s chilling to see this kind of attack development, and lies downwind of ad- court could be used for on Indian country in 2014,” said Dar- ditional pollution sources beyond its bor- rell O’Neal, Northern Arapaho Business ders. With only one air monitor within these purposes.’ Council Chairman. Wind River’s borders and various health Fremont County Commissioner Keja concerns, the tribes want to expand their Whiteman, who lives on an undisputed air-monitoring network. In granting the part of the Wind River Reservation, also tribes the right to apply for grants to fund have formed to encourage cooperation does not support the bill. She said the monitoring efforts, the EPA had to define among stakeholders in the region. political climate in the state is such that the tribes’ jurisdiction. Wyoming, meanwhile, has pushed “there is no effort to do anything that is After consultation with the Depart- ahead efforts to undo the EPA’s border beneficial for our tribal nations. Which ment of the Interior, the EPA concluded decision. During the state’s legislative ses- is unfortunate because if Native people that a 1905 treaty that opened sections sion this winter, state lawmakers passed were more prosperous Fremont County of the reservation to white settlement a bill appropriating funds to fight EPA’s and Wyoming would benefit. There is a did not diminish the reservation’s bor- decision and others like it in the future. continuous effort to ‘fight’ tribes by our ders. According to the EPA, Wind River’s Now, Sen. Enzi’s draft bill attempts to own elected officials.” borders encompass the city of Riverton address the issue on a federal level. Enzi Enzi has not yet introduced his bill; Head and thousands of acres the state has long said he does not want to change what said he is awaiting comments from stake- considered non-tribal land. “Most of the he sees as the current borders of Wind holders. But Enzi does have support from Native people have said this is righting a River, but rather to define them in order the rest of the Wyoming congressional del- historical wrong and we’ve always owned to maintain the status quo. egation, which includes Sen. John Barrasso the land, which I would agree with since Asked why the senator decided not (R) and Rep. Cynthia Lummis (R). we’ve been here since time immemorial,” to wait for a resolution from the federal Meanwhile, the tribes can proceed with said Eastern Shoshone Business Council court, Enzi’s spokesman Daniel Head re- air monitoring initiatives on undisputed Chairman, Darwin St. Clair Jr. when the sponded, “The EPA and court decision land. The status as a state has been put EPA announced its decision. based on EPA actions should not be used on hold on the disputed parcels pending But Wyoming Gov. Matt Mead said the to change long-established boundaries. resolution. http://bit.ly/1g86YvN 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 11 Indian Country Today

National Book Award winner and Indian rights champion, Peter Mat- Grand Coulee Dam is a focus of the Columbia River Intertribal Fish thiessen, author of In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, walked on April 5. Commission’s attempts to restore historic fish runs. g e s t i o n ; AP Im a sy C h e rok ee N a e sy ourt ck M cN ee l; C a g e s; J

The newly opened Cherokee Nation Veterans Center is located just east U.S. Sen. Mike Enzi (R-Wyoming) has a plan to define the borders of the

of the W.W. Keeler Complex in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Wind River Indian Reservation by the terms of a 1905 treaty. Im a Ed B e tz/AP

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 12 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY TRADEWINDS CLASSIFIEDS 12

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IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 13 Indian Country Today Headlines from the Web A KING’S RANSOM: CANDLEBOX, TRIBAL LEADERS CRITICIZE TENSION RISES OVER CHUMASH INDIAN MOBILE MIKE SUE SEMINOLE TRIBE LAND-BUYBACK PROGRAM PLAN FOR YNEZ VALLEY CASINO http://bit.ly/1sBr9aH http://wapo.st/1iyhF9r http://lat.ms/1qsjVSI

MARIJUANA RAISES ISSUE ONONDAGA NATION CRITICIZES TRIBAL MEMBERS SUSPECT LOWER OF TRIBAL AUTHORITY AMPHITHEATER AT WASTE SITE BRULE NOT INVESTED IN KXL FIGHT http://bit.ly/1gM0cb8 http://alj.am/1krDTQ4 http://bit.ly/1lQK6EU

Upcoming Events Location: Great Wolf Lodge, Chehalis, World Views”, “Victimization to Criminal- Washington ity: How the Cycle of Injustice Continues”, American Indian/Alaska Native “Child Protection Programs and Peace- Children Exposed to Violence American Indian Learners making”, “Preparing the Next Generation in the Community April 16-17 Conference April 19 of Peacemakers Through Academia”, and This is the third in a series of four public This ninth annual one-day conference ad- “Specialty Courts Using the Peacemaking hearings on the subject of Native child- dresses the issues of American Indian stu- Model”. hood violence undertaken by the Justice dents and their relationship with faculty, Location: Artisan Hotel, Sulphur, Okla- Department. Based on testimony at the curriculum content, and their school. The homa hearings, on comprehensive research, and principal objective is to be able to take back on extensive input from experts, advocates, into their classrooms and schools key ways Consortia of Administrators and affected families and tribal communi- of introducing the Native culture into their for Native American ties nationwide, the departmental task force subjects, using art and language integra- Rehabilitation Midyear Training will issue a final report to the Attorney tion. Conference April 22-24 General, presenting its findings and com- Location: University of Central Oklahoma, “Renewing Our Spirit” will showcase mod- prehensive recommendations, this fall. Edmond, Oklahoma els and strategies to improve and expand Location: Hyatt Regency Pier 66, Fort Lau- tribal vocational rehabilitation practices; derdale, Florida Biennial Gathering of exchange of ideas to design and enhance Peacemakers April 22-24 the provision of culturally appropriate Native Women’s Leadership The Tribal Judicial Institute, in collabora- vocational rehabilitation services for con- Forum and Enduring Spirit tion with the Chickasaw Nation, Fox Val- sumers residing on or near tribal lands; and Honoring Luncheon April 17-18 ley Technical College, the National Tribal presentations on techniques to enhance the “Weaving a Tapestry Together for Our Fu- Judicial Center and the Native American skills and competencies of project adminis- ture” is the theme of the 10th annual forum, Rights Fund, will host “No Justice Without trators, counselors, and support staff. Host- which annually unites Native women of Peace,” devoted to introducing participants ed by the Tribal Vocational Rehabilitation all ages to celebrate the power of positive to indigenous justice methodologies and Programs located in Arizona, Colorado, change in their communities. Sponsored examples of how they are being incorpo- and New Mexico. by the Native Action Network of Seattle, rated into tribal justice systems. Agenda Location: Marriott Uptown Conference Washington. items include “Peace and Justice Between Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico letters to the editor Re your feature about potentially fraud- find out if a charity is actually providing (“Inuit Flood Twitter With ‘Sealfies’ ulent Native charitable organizations the help it promises? After Ellen DeGeneres Selfie Funds (“Be Wary When Giving: There Are — Hilary Ray Hunt Haters,” March 31). She is much Some Rotten Indian Charities”, March Moorhead, Minnesota more articulate and magnanimous than 28): I could ever be. To me, the liberal-left I appreciate the sensible advice to I am very impressed with Killaq Enu- do-gooders are not our friends. We may be careful in selecting the recipients of araq-Strauss, the young Iqaluit woman have similar views on a number issues charitable donations. But this article who urged Ellen DeGeneres to recon- and help each other from time to time, provided no information on how to go sider her charitable choice of the Hu- but they are more dangerous (always about vetting those recipients. Does the mane Society of the United States, with a kind face) than most of us think. author have no suggestions on how to which campaigns against seal hunting — Bruce Schaefer Let us know what you think. To have your letter to the editor considered for publication, please email us at [email protected]

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 14 Indian Country Today

TOP NEWS ALERTS From IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com

MACKINAC TRIBE SUES ognized tribes, restoring their received the agency’s top award. “It’s a very valuable statue,” said FOR RECOGNITION authority to control the leasing The ceremony took place at the the owner, Charlene Stephens. The Mackinac Tribal Nation of of their trust lands and promot- National Museum of the Ameri- “It’s bronze, life size, extremely Michigan, Indiana and Ohio ing their self-determination and can Indian in Washington, D.C. heavy. How they got away has sued the Secretary of the economic development consis- “The Native American Code with that one, I don’t know.” Interior in pursuit of its quest tent with the objectives of the Talkers epitomize the strength for federal recognition. The Helping Expedite and Advance of multiculturalism that makes ZUNI REQUEST RETURN Nation said that its suit, filed Responsible Tribal Homeowner- America great,” said Kevin Gover, OF SACRED ART on March 20, “comes after de- ship (HEARTH Act). The four director of the museum. “Their The Zuni Tribe of New Mexico cades of harmful neglect by tribes are the Dry Creek Ranche- contributions saved thousands has undertaken a major effort to the Bureau of Indian Affairs,” ria Band of Pomo Indians in Cali- upon thousands of lives.” recover hundreds of ceremonial according to a statement. The fornia, the Jamestown S’Klallam Ahayuyda, or war gods, that are suit has been put forth by the Tribe in Washington State, the NATIVE AMERICAN STATUE currently in museums in Europe. Mackinac Tribe of Odawa and Mohegan Indian Tribe of Con- STOLEN FROM YARD “We believe if you listen to us Ojibwa Indians and the Macki- necticut, and the Wichita and A large bronze statue of a Na- about the power these objects nac Band of Chippewa Indians. Affiliated Tribes in Oklahoma. tive American on a horse grip- have to our community, that ping an eagle was taken from a these are exemplars of sacred FOUR HEARTH ACT CODE TALKERS woman’s front yard in Arnold, objects,” said Zuni elder Octa- APPLICATIONS ARE RECOGNIZED BY NSA Missouri on April 7. Witnesses vius Seowtewa in The New York APPROVED The National Security Agency said the statue, valued at $6,500, Times on April 8. The objects are Assistant Secretary-Indian Af- inducted the Native American was loaded onto the bed of a held by, among other institutions, fairs Kevin K. Washburn has Code Talkers into its Crypto- white truck and hauled away the British Museum, the Ethno- approved leasing regulations logic Hall of Honor on April 8, around 2:10 a.m., reported NBC logical Museum in Berlin, and the submitted by four federally rec- the first time that a group has St. Louis news affiliate KSDK. Musée du Quai Branly in Paris.

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 15 Indian Country Today UPCOMING POW WOWS

12th Annual Southern Miss Pow Wow 15th Annual Tutxinmepu Pow Wow 4/17/14 – 4/19/14 4/19/14 – 4/20/14 University of Southern Mississippi University of Idaho Payne Center Moscow, ID University of Southern Mississippi 208-885-4237 Hattiesburg, MS UIdaho.edu/nativeamericancenter/tutxinmepupowwow 601-466-0948 [email protected] Sherman Indian High School Pow Wow MSHumanities.com/index.php/event/12th_annual_southern_miss_ 4/19/14 powwow/ Ira Hayes Football Stadium 9010 Magnolia Avenue Rock Creek Pow Wow Riversid, CA 4/18/14 – 4/19/14 951-276-6326, ext. 120 Rock Creek Longhouse [email protected] Rock Creek, WA SIHS.BIE.edu/ 509-823-3564 YakamaNation-NSN.gov/events.php Art Under the Oaks Festival 4/19/14 – 4/20/14 Haliwa-Saponi Indian Tribe Pow Wow Five Civilized Tribes Museum 4/18/14 – 4/20/14 1101 Honor Heights Drive Haliwa-Saponi Tribal School Pow Wow Grounds Muskogee.OK 130 Haliwa-Saponi Trail 918-683-1702 Hollister, NC [email protected] 252-586-4017 FiveTribes.org [email protected] Haliwa-Saponi.com 42nd Annual UC Davis Pow Wow 4/19/14 46th Annual Kyi-Yo Pow Wow UC Davis 4/18/14 – 4/19/14 University of California Davis Outdoor Quad Adams Center, University of Montana 1 Shields Avenue 32 Campus Drive Davis, CA Missoula, MT 530-752-7032 406-243-2669 [email protected] [email protected] http://ccc.ucdavis.edu/powwow.html Facebook.com/pages/Kyi-Yo-Pow-Wow/337255636055 21st Annual Seven Arrows Contest Pow Wow 28th Annual Pow Wow at Arizona State University 4/19/14 – 4/20/14 4/18/14 – 4/20/14 Boise State University Jordan Ballroom ASU Band Practice Field 1600 University Drive 6th Street and Rural Road Boise, ID Tempe, AZ 208-426-5950 480-965-5224 mss.BoiseState.edu/pow-wow [email protected] PowWow.ASU.edu 16th Annual Modesto Junior College Intertribal Pow Wow 14th Annual Red Eagle Lodge Intertribal Pow Wow 4/20/14 4/18/14 – 4/20/14 Modesto Junior College, East Quad 3100 South Old Floral City Road 435 College Avenue Fort Cooper State Park Modesto, CA Inverness, FL 209-575-6700 352-419-5382 MJC.edu [email protected] RedEagleLodge.org/?page_id=248

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com April 16, 2014 1 Indian Country Today

Lakota northern traditional dancer Nathan Lee performed during an intertribal entry on March 29 during the inaugural University of Redlands Powwow. Diego James Robles Diego James

IndianCountryTodayMediaTheNetwork.com July 10,Big 2013 Picture