Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society 134 (2016), 269–302

Archaeological Review No. 40 2015

Edited by JAN WILLS

The Archaeological Review presents brief summaries of archaeological research, fieldwork and building recording undertaken during the year. Information is arranged mainly by civil parishes with the parish name followed by the site name or description, and grid reference. For the city of Bristol entries are arranged by street or area. Contributions for the next review should be sent to Jan Wills at [email protected].

Abbreviations ALI Archaeological Landscape Investigation AR Archaeological Review (numbered) in previous Transactions AS Archaeological Surveys ArScn Archeoscan BA Border Archaeology BU Bournemouth University Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Forensic Science BaRAS Bristol and Region Archaeological Services BWA Bristol and West Archaeology COAS Context One Archaeological Services CA Cotswold Archaeology DAI Deutsches Archäologisches Institut GA Gloucestershire Archaeology GCCAS Gloucestershire County Council Archaeology Service HA Headland Archaeology JMHS John Moore Heritage Services KH Keevil Heritage MA Monmouth Archaeology NT National Trust OA Oxford Archaeology RH Rubicon Heritage TVAS Thames Valley Archaeological Services WA Wessex Archaeology WiltsAFG Wiltshire Archaeology Field Group WorcsArch Worcestershire Archaeology 110Arch One Ten Archaeology

ALDERTON, land at Lower Stanley Farm, SO 99753180. An evaluation identified Iron Age to early Roman pits and ditches. They probably represent the westernmost extent of a known but 270 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 undated enclosure complex, lying mainly east of the site, and first identified as cropmarks and through geophysical survey. Other remains included a post-medieval to modern ditch, perhaps forming part of an enclosure depicted on the Ordnance Survey 1st edition map of 1884. Tom Weavill, CA

AMPNEY CRUCIS and BAUNTON, Abbey Home Farm, SP 04500500. Geophysical survey over 185 ha was carried out as part of a long-term project to survey the whole farm (see also AR 38 and 39); by the end of 2015 85% of the survey will have been completed. The fields examined included: Manitoba, Pond Ground, West Mead, Puzletts, Round Hill, Round Hill Bank, Hill Field, Eldon Cross, Whitecars South, Hitchins, Hitchins Knowle, Hitchins Hedge, Shooters Hill, Barleystones, Ridgeway, Rook Hill, Top Rook Hill, Home Ground, Horse Ground, 17 Acres, Harebushes and Galley Hill. Previously unrecorded features were identified in all the fields examined, including settlement areas, boundaries and linear earthworks, field systems, quarries and enclosures. A small-scale evaluation trench c.25 m long by 2 m wide was hand-excavated across an elongated stony mound at SP 03650533 in a large field known as Sisters. The excavation confirmed earlier suggestions, based on the results of geophysical surveys, that the mound is a Cotswold-Severn type Neolithic long barrow with at least one lateral chamber. Timothy Darvill, BU, and Friedrich Lüth, DAI

ANDOVERSFORD, land at Owdeswell Manor, SP 02081920. A detailed magnetometer survey revealed a number of discrete positive responses that appeared to relate to pit-like features possibly of natural origin. A small number of short positive linear anomalies were also located; these lacked a coherent morphology, preventing confident interpretation. A zone of magnetically variable response at the north-western corner of the site indicated former quarrying and related to a depression in the ground surface. Evidence for agricultural activity has also been located. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

Land at Owdeswell Manor, SP 02101922. A field evaluation confirmed the presence of agricultural furrows previously identified by geophysical survey (see above). No finds or further features of archaeological significance were identified. I. Bennett, HA

Land to the rear of Templefields, SP 01941941. A field evaluation identified evidence for ridge and furrow field systems in the north-east of the site, but no finds or features of earlier date. I. Bennett, HA

ASHCHURCH RURAL, land off the A46, SO 93673338. An evaluation confirmed the presence of a settlement and trackways previously identified during a geophysical survey (AR 39). The settlement was in use during the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, and lay within a landscape of large rectilinear fields. A crop-drying oven found outside the settlement area contained pottery dating to the 4th century AD. The evaluation also identified furrows associated with medieval to post- medieval agricultural practice as well as former channels of the Tirle Brook. Christopher Leonard, CA

BERKELEY, Actrees solar farm, ST 71129795. A field evaluation on land to the south-east of Berkeley identified the location of two in-filled modern ponds and a single undated shallow gully in the centre of the site. No significant archaeological finds or features were identified. I. Bennett, HA ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 271

BISHOP’S CLEEVE, land at Cleevelands, SO 95002836. A previous evaluation had identified a Bronze Age ditch, small Iron Age enclosures and a zone of Roman settlement, including a possible crop-drying oven and a stone-founded building. The core of this Roman settlement was preserved in situ during the ensuing development work; the remainder of the features were excavated. Earlier prehistoric remains comprised a small isolated pit with late Bronze Age to early Iron Age pottery, and a second area containing shallow pits and a posthole dating to the Bronze Age or early to middle Iron Age. A prehistoric field system and a small post-built roundhouse, 5 m in diameter, were also found. The majority of the remains dated to the late Iron Age to Roman periods. Drainage ditches were established during the late Iron Age to 1st century AD and continued in use into the 1st and 2nd centuries, with frequent re-cuts. During the 1st and 2nd centuries small enclosures (measuring at least 12×10 m) were laid out along with a complex series of intercutting ditches and a larger enclosure measuring at least 51×30 m. There was a change in the pattern of land use in the 3rd and 4th centuries, at which time the earlier enclosures were abandoned. A large dark deposit, interpreted as a metalworking midden, belonged to this period. No in situ metal processing features were found, but the presence of large quantities of slag, much of it with furnace lining attached, suggests that metalworking occurred very close by. This period also saw the creation of new enclosures, and a stone spread may represent the remains of a floor surface belonging to a former Roman building. Undated features included a cluster of seven un-urned cremations, and five inhumation burials comprising a group of three and two isolated burials, one of which was of a neonate. Tim Havard, CA

Land behind Millham House, SO 95732846. An evaluation was carried out on land immediately to the north of Bishop’s Cleeve, where ridge and furrow field systems survived as substantial earthworks. Pottery dating to the 12th and 13th centuries was recovered from within and beneath the surviving ridges, but no associated archaeological features were identified. The evaluation confirmed that prehistoric enclosures observed in the adjacent field do not continue into the proposed development area. L. Craddock-Bennett, HA

Stoke Road, SO 94512787. Twenty-six evaluation trenches were excavated to assess the survival of potential archaeological features that had been identified by a geophysical survey. The evaluation located two distinct areas of archaeological activity. The most complex was in the central part of the site, where a series of enclosures and other features including a possible corn drier survived. Most of these features dated to the Roman period, although some Iron Age material was also found. To the north-west of the main complex was a second smaller and less complex group of features spanning the Iron Age and Roman periods. Other features included an early Bronze Age cremation and tentative evidence of late Roman or post-Roman activity. Andrew Walsh, WorcsArch

BITTON, land near Upton Cheyney, ST 71007000. A series of Roman buildings was identified during an evaluation in 2012 (AR 37). A more extensive evaluation was conducted in 2015, revealing a series of Roman structures situated on a terrace in the centre of an enclosure. The initial interpretation appears to indicate that earlier, possibly 2nd-century, buildings have been remodelled at a later date. In association with the buildings were a number of ovens. These too have been remodelled with stone-lined structures built through the collapse of earlier clay-lined structures. This remodelling was probably undertaken at the same time as the change of use of 272 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 the buildings. Several broken rotary querns were found in close proximity to the ovens. The recovery of worked flints, and artefacts from throughout the Roman period, suggest a continuity of settlement on the site. Coins, personal jewellery, bone hairpins and a gaming counter attest to the domestic nature of the Roman occupation. ArScn

BLOCKLEY, land at Draycott Lane, SP 17023532. An evaluation recorded Roman ditches and pits which may represent agricultural activity during the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Pottery of the 3rd to 4th century AD was recovered from the ploughsoil. An undated limestone foundation was perhaps associated with a rubble layer containing Roman, medieval and modern pottery. These remains were heavily truncated by ridge and furrow cultivation. Peter Busby, CA

BOURTON-ON-THE-WATER, land north of Roman Way, SP 17272151. Following an evaluation, excavation revealed two crouched inhumation burials, one of which was accompanied by a lead rod bent to form a rough ring. A small sherd of probable late Bronze Age to Iron Age pottery was found within the backfill of the other grave. A loose cluster of 11 cremation burials was found near the inhumations. The cremated remains had been deposited without urns in small pits, along with pyre debris. A posthole found close to the cremations may have been a cemetery feature. Three large pits dug into an island of natural gravel also seem to have held posts, although it is not clear at present whether they were associated with the cemetery. Other features included a palaeochannel, two postholes and a shallow pit, all of which were undated. Part of the site lay close to the north-western boundary of the Iron Age enclosure Salmonsbury Camp, but no evidence of the camp was identified. Mark Brett, CA

Bury Close, Station Road, SP 17102097. Archaeological recording was carried out during development comprising extensions to the existing house, construction of a replacement garage and excavation of a gas pipe trench. Desk-based assessment and evaluation in 2011 (AR 36) had identified features associated with the occupation of the Iron Age enclosure known as Salmonsbury Camp. As a consequence the development was designed to minimize impact on the archaeological remains, with a 0.30-m buffer zone being established between the surface of significant archaeological deposits and the base of the new foundations. In the area of the extension a rudimentary limestone well was encountered during excavation. The structure was undated; it may have been associated with occupation of the Camp, or possibly with Harp Farm, which was formerly situated west of the study site before its redevelopment in recent times. No evidence of buildings in the immediate area of the well is recorded on the earliest historic maps (1774 and 1884–6). Sean Cook, 110Arch

BRIMSCOMBE AND THRUPP, Lewiston Mill, Toadsmoor Road, SP 87550225. Building recording was carried out in advance of redevelopment for residential use. Lewiston Mill has survived as a place of industrial activity into the 21st century and, as a result of the numerous re-orderings and modernizations, it is possible to trace the evolution of its industrial architecture to modern times. Many old stone mills survive upstream in the Toadsmoor valley and provide a good impression of the appearance of the lost mill at Lewiston, which is shown on the 1842 tithe map; remains of this early mill were recorded during the survey. The stone mill probably continued in use after the development of the land to the east in 1856 with the construction of a ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 273 new brick-built, steam-powered textile mill comprising two tall ranges. This was followed by a significant expansion in 1864; a four-storey extension with connecting stair-tower/water-tower, a large single-storey office near the front gate, a large open shed or covered yard and a power house on the site of the stone mill were constructed. The utilitarian nature of the 1856 segmental- headed openings contrast with the more sophisticated polychrome round-heads within panels on all the 1864 buildings and the ornamented iron-framed shed roof. 110 Arch

BRISTOL, City Hall (formerly The Council House), College Green, ST 58267279. A survey of the local authority headquarters, a Grade II* Listed Building, was carried out in advance of internal refurbishment. It was designed in the 1930s by the architect E. Vincent Harris, but its construction was delayed by the Second World War and it was not completed until the mid 1950s. Tim Longman, BaRAS

1 College Lane, College Green, ST 58417282. Following on from earlier work in 2013–14 (AR 38– 9), recording continued on the ground and first floors of the rear of No. 1, formerly the detached kitchen block for 31 College Green. The property is part of a Grade II Listed Building dating from the early 18th century. Much of the recording focused on a slate floor, which had been laid over a wooden floor in the rear first-floor room, but an arch in the party wall with No. 30 and some smaller details were also noted. John Bryant, BaRAS

The Exchange, Corn Street, ST 58847299. Survey was carried out at the Exchange, a Grade I Listed Building, prior to alterations to some of the interior fittings. The proposed works affected a partition and a window in one ground-floor room near the north-western corner of the Exchange hall. Both features are significantly later than the mid 18th-century construction date of the Exchange. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Proposed Finzel’s Reach bridge site, Floating Harbour, ST 59157302. A watching brief was carried out during geotechnical investigations associated with the design of a proposed new footbridge across the Floating Harbour. Four boreholes were drilled underwater in the harbour, between the Finzel’s Reach development (formerly Courage’s Brewery) and Castle Park. Examination of the alluvial deposits from two borehole cores revealed thin deposits of Avon Formation gravels overlying the Mercia Mudstone Group; otherwise modern gravels containing a variety of artefacts and ecofacts were recorded, sealed by modern anaerobic muds. John Bryant, BaRAS

Rear wall of Coopers Hall, King Street, ST 58827274. An investigation of the rear, northern wall of the Coopers Hall was undertaken to inform proposed alterations to the Theatre Royal and Coopers Hall. The property is a Grade I Listed Building dating from the mid 18th century. Consent is being sought for a variety of alterations and improvements in the front-of-house area, including the creation of a new studio theatre in the basement and on the ground floor of Coopers Hall. Examination of the wall in all of the trial holes revealed a random rubble construction of Pennant Sandstone with mortar and of a style consistent with its assumed date (1740s). Some evidence of later rebuilding or blocked openings was discovered. Otherwise the wall is little altered, except for some widening and squaring of the former cellar doorways. John Bryant, BaRAS 274 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

Former ambulance station, Marybush Lane, ST 59397311. Seven trenches were excavated within the eastern part of the castle precinct. Six of these were located north of the castle moat, which now lies within an east–west culvert. Indications are that ground levels north of the culvert have been considerably lowered since an air raid in 1940 and site clearance in the 1960s, the natural geological deposits now lying remarkably close to present-day ground levels. One of the trenches contained a substantial linear, rock-cut ditch, probably defensive, which appeared to be aligned north-east to south-west. It measured some 2.5 m wide and it was not bottomed at 1.7 m. Upper fills were largely clean re-deposited natural sand interbedded with deposits containing plant remains and animal bones, probably discarded kitchen and domestic waste. Three sherds of pottery from the ditch appeared to date its backfilling to between the mid 11th and the mid 12th century, which would place its construction during the late Anglo-Saxon period. Bruce Williams, BWA

Prince Street toilets and subway, Prince Street, ST 58657262. A photographic survey of the subterranean men’s and women’s toilets and subway was undertaken prior to their infilling with concrete as part of a programme to re-configure the road carriageway. The internal structure was recorded, including the Art Deco fixtures and fittings. A record was also made of the external features, including the access stairs, railings and ventilation shafts. Tim Longman and Alistair Byford-Bates, BaRAS

Clock Tower Yard, Temple Gate, ST 59527241. Groundworks associated with the construction of ‘Boxworks’, a temporary office development, were monitored, revealing a buttress of the 1868–71 Bristol Harbour railway viaduct and a 19th-century granite sett surface. The limited extent of the excavations, no more than 0.55 m in depth, precluded the examination of any earlier structures or deposits which may survive beneath. The site was covered by 19th- to 20th-century made ground deposits. Cai Mason, WA

Cattle Market Road, Temple Meads, ST 59977233. A watching brief was carried out during the digging of geotechnical test pits in preparation for the construction of a new public arena around Totterdown Lock, the infilled lock gates which carried the Feeder Road, and on both sides of the Totterdown Basin leading to the Marsh Bridge. The test pitting exposed made ground on the northern and southern sides of the basin walls, a previously covered structure within the infilled lock gates themselves and the upper lock infill deposits. An extra test pit was dug to the north of a 19th-century stone wall that bordered the infilled lock, revealing further made ground. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Land at the former sorting office, Temple Meads railway station, off Cattle Market Road, ST 59907243. A watching brief was carried out during the mechanical excavation of seven geotechnical trial pits in advance of redevelopment. Most of the pits revealed varying depths of landfill overlying the natural, grey alluvial clay. However, one was on the site of a known burial ground for victims of a cholera epidemic in the early 1830s, and produced several human bones probably belonging to a single burial at a depth of 2.8 m. Elsewhere, a laid cobbled surface, probably the 1830s cattle market floor, was found at a depth of 0.4 m. Tim Longman, BaRAS

Temple Quarter, ST 59627237. An archaeological evaluation in advance of service trenching from the Temple Circus gyratory along the private roadway known as Friary, and associated works in ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 275

Temple Street, revealed several late 18th- and 19th-century walls, and in two locations the upper surviving courses of Bristol’s medieval Port Wall. Andrew King, WA

Chittening industrial estate, Chittening Road, Avonmouth, ST 53838321. Geotechnical boreholes and trial pits were observed. Archaeological features relating to the 18th- to 20th-century use of the site as farmland associated with Green Splot Farm, as well as structures possibly connected with the First World War munitions factory, were recorded. Tim Longman, BaRAS

Sewerage treatment works, Kingsweston Lane, Avonmouth, ST 53367931. A programme of archaeological monitoring and recording was carried out during trial pit investigations. Archaeological and historical information, including a nearby Scheduled Monument (the Mere Bank and flanking ditches), suggested that archaeological features could be present in the area. However, no archaeological deposits of interest were encountered, the sequence consisting of levelling deposits containing modern finds. Orlando Prestidge, COAS

Land north-west of Rockingham roundabout, Smoke Lane, Avonmouth, ST 52558096. Works associated with the construction of a new asphalt plant to the north-west of the roundabout were monitored. No archaeological features, deposits or artefacts were observed. Caroline Budd, WA

The Brigade Centre, Garnet Street, Bedminster, ST 57797112. A building survey was undertaken in advance of demolition. The main structure had been erected as a mission hall at the very end of the 19th century to a design by George Oatley, while the rear extension dates to 1912. The initial plans of the hall were to have also included a chapel, but this was never built and the land remained a garden. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Former Gala bingo hall, North Street, Bedminster, ST 58177152. A watching brief was undertaken during groundworks at the site of the former Gala bingo hall. Remains of earlier properties fronting North Street and Berkeley Square were revealed and associated artefacts were recovered, including a 19th-century locally-made tobacco pipe bowl, bottles and other 19th- to 20th-century material. No earlier deposits or features were excavated. Alistair Byford-Bates, BaRAS

Former Hayleigh elderly persons’ home, Upper Sydney Street, Bedminster, ST 57777151. A watching brief identified a sequence of deposits indicative of widespread horizontal truncation due to previous redevelopment and landscaping, resulting in the loss of most archaeological deposits. No significant archaeological features or finds were identified beyond the extant fragmentary remains of terraced houses that had previously occupied the site. Alistair Byford-Bates, BaRAS

144–52 York Road, Bedminster, ST 59467194. Observation of groundworks and foundation trenching for the construction of ten apartments was undertaken following the completion of a desk-based assessment. The groundworks reached depths of 0.73–3.2 m (reflecting variations in ground levels across the site), and revealed an extensive demolition layer across the entire area 276 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 overlain by a sequence of modern levelling layers beneath a car park surface. Wall foundations encountered beneath the levelling material represented a terrace of early 20th-century dwellings built shortly after 1902 and shown on the Ordnance Survey 3rd edition map of 1918 along the south-western part of St Luke’s Road. Natural geology was not encountered during the course of the excavations. BA

Former Brentry hospital site, Brentry Lane, Brentry, ST 58346778. Building recording was undertaken at Lewis House, part of the old Brentry hospital site, and an archaeological watching brief was carried out across the whole area during the groundworks for new housing. The watching brief found 19th- and 20th-century disturbance relating to the hospital buildings and associated activity, but no finds or features pre-dating this were discovered. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

623–5 Bath Road, Brislington, ST 61597098. An excavation and watching brief in close proximity to the site of Brislington Roman villa revealed several tree-throw holes and a buried soil horizon which contained sherds of Roman pottery. No significant archaeological remains were found. Bruce Williams, BWA

MetroBus north fringe to Hengrove scheme, Stapleton Allotments, Broomhill, ST 62747718. A detailed gradiometer survey demonstrated the presence of some anomalies of possible archaeological interest (a ditch and two pit-like features), as well as trends possibly associated with the use of the land as allotments and smallholdings. Lucy Learmonth, WA

8–10 Berkeley Square, Clifton, ST 57937305. An historic building assessment of the four-storey mid Georgian terraced houses was carried out. Documentary and cartographic evidence indicated that they had been built c.1790 by Thomas and William Paty. In 1896 No. 9 was bought by the Christian Brothers, a Roman Catholic order, who intended opening a boys’ school in Bristol (founded as the Christian Brothers College). In 1912 No. 10 was purchased, and both properties underwent extensive redevelopment including a new façade and entrance overlooking the square and a new, three-storey extension at the rear for additional classroom accommodation. No. 8 Berkeley Square had been purchased by the College by 1917. The College was renamed St Brendan’s College in 1918 and has been owned by the University of Bristol since 1960, when it relocated to its current site in Brislington. Tim Longman, BaRAS

St Andrew’s Churchyard, Birdcage Walk, Clifton, ST 57417303. An archaeological evaluation examined two locations proposed for the installation of a public artwork in the churchyard. Each 1×1 m test pit, 0.9 m deep, revealed a probable grave. The backfill of the graves suggested that they had been cut deep into the natural geological deposits to depths significantly below the bases of the test pits. Among the artefacts recovered were single sherds of medieval pottery, 19th- century transfer-printed whiteware and an 1874 halfpenny; no human bone was encountered. Dates on nearby funerary monuments indicate that this part of the churchyard was used for burial during the mid to late 19th century. Andrew King, WA ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 277

Land at St George’s, Great George Street, Brandon Hill, Clifton, ST 58167300. An evaluation was carried out on the middle terrace of the churchyard to the north-east of St George’s church (consecrated 1823). A single grave cut with in situ human remains was uncovered. The grave had been dug through multiple layers of dumping and made ground that formed the original terracing of the churchyard and which appears to have been completed before the church was constructed. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Performing arts centre, Bristol Grammar School, Elton Road, Clifton, ST 57977343. Building recording of the Mackay Theatre and the Elton Road Block was carried out in advance of partial demolition and renovation, and a watching brief was undertaken in association with the construction of a performing arts centre. The site lies within the Tyndall’s Park Conservation Area and the curtilage of Bristol Grammar School, a Grade II Listed Building. The Mackay Theatre was originally a lecture hall, constructed in 1928 for an adjacent preparatory school. The school was destroyed by incendiary bombs in late 1940 and a replacement, known as the Elton Road Block, was constructed in 1952. The lecture hall was converted into a theatre in 1990. Both buildings retain many original features. The watching brief demonstrated that the natural geology south-west of the Elton Road Block had been extensively truncated prior to the deposition of up to 1.5 m of modern made ground, possibly during the construction of a school cricket pitch in the 1890s. Andrew King, WA

183 Eastfield Road, Eastfield, ST 57927720. Building recording and a watching brief were carried out during the ground preparation for development at the old Eastfield Road quarry. The site had been occupied by two limekilns and a quarry office/cottage, all of which were demolished in 2012, together with a number of later buildings which did not form part of this recording project. While the intention of the watching brief was to record the remains of the northern back wall of the quarry office/cottage, it was not sufficiently revealed to allow new details to be recorded below first-floor level. The demolition rubble was used to raise the site, while also providing structural support for the remaining back wall of the quarry buildings. Little evidence of the limekilns was seen, although a small stub of wall uncovered briefly in a test pit is likely to have been part of the foundations of one of them. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Former Blackberry Hill hospital site, Fishponds, ST 62847629. A watching brief comprised the monitoring of machine-excavated geotechnical test pits. Foundations of walls and structures were shown to survive, probably associated with the 19th-century workhouse and the earlier Napoleonic prisoner-of-war camp. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Former St Matthias campus of the University of the West of England, Oldbury Court Road, Fishponds, ST 63397625. Building recording was carried out in those parts of the former St Matthias campus where works were planned, including the Steiner Academy. The current structures are of historical significance, having been erected from the early 1850s onwards, and many are Grade II* Listed Buildings. All those areas scheduled for structural works were photographed. Most alterations involved 20th-century partitions and doorways, only a few examples of original structural elements being removed. Simon Roper, BaRAS 278 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

Bathurst Basin, Floating Harbour, ST 58677210. A watching brief was carried out during the digging of two geotechnical test trenches at the southern side of the 1906 swing bridge mechanism wall, at the south-west corner of the basin. The work was carried out to monitor the soils, and to identify and record any features that may have survived later changes to the basin and the building of the later bridge, as well as to ascertain the condition of the swing bridge mechanism walls. The trenches exposed natural mudstone and clays to the south of the wall, as well as revealing the construction techniques used for the wall, and the contemporary levelling and surfacing of the ground. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Underfall Yard, Cumberland Road, Floating Harbour, ST 57177213. A photographic building survey of structures within the yard was undertaken prior to their conversion. They are a mixture of unlisted, Grade II and Grade II* Listed Buildings, and most are included within the area of the Underfall Yard, Bristol docks, Scheduled Monument. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

St Ursula’s Academy, Brecon Road, Henleaze, ST 57447666. Pre-demolition recording of two blocks was undertaken at St Ursula’s Academy. They were formerly part of a Roman Catholic convent and operated as St Ursula’s High School. One building was erected c.1927 as a classroom block attached to the mid Georgian former Westmead House, the other in 1935 as a gymnasium. Both were gutted in the Blitz during the Second World War, but later restored, the former again as a classroom block, but with a flat roof instead of the original pitched roof, the latter as the school hall complete with stage and basement. They were due to be removed to make way for a new school building. John Bryant and Simon Roper, BaRAS

1A, 3–5 Ashley Down Road, Horfield, ST 59407618. A watching brief revealed late post-medieval to modern walls and a buried topsoil. No significant archaeological remains were found. Raymond K. Ducker, BWA

Kingsweston estate boundary wall, Kingsweston, ST 54347721 to 54457725. A 125-m length of walling associated with Kingsweston House and estate was photographically recorded prior to repair. It is thought that the wall was constructed during a period of landscaping c.1720. The survey revealed the extent of repair and later extension, the original wall remaining largely intact at a lower level. It seems likely that these lower courses, when first built, formed a ha-ha that kept livestock out of the estate while allowing the uninterrupted view from the terrace to the River Trym and the northern end of the Avon Gorge. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Napier Miles House, Napier Miles Road, Kingsweston, ST 54327762. A watching brief was carried out during the conversion and extension of the former stables of Kingsweston House for residential purposes. A series of trenches was dug under archaeological supervision for both footings and services, revealing information on the original structure of the stable block. No earlier archaeological features were exposed. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Purdown gun battery, Sir John’s Lane, Lockleaze, ST 61127647. A condition survey of the Second World War heavy anti-aircraft battery on the ridge between Lockleaze and Stapleton was undertaken. The site is a Scheduled Monument, but additional elements of the original complex ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 279 lie outside the currently scheduled area. The condition survey has identified a minimum of 24 separate buildings or structures (16 within the scheduled area and eight lying outside) which form the core of the battery. The remaining structures comprising the main accommodation barracks, workshops and ancillary support buildings (at least 20 additional structures) were destroyed during the construction of the radio repeater station to the south-west in the 1960s. The survey confirmed that most structures have suffered to a greater or lesser extent from vandalism and/ or minor structural damage due to their age and neglect. However, most major elements are still structurally sound and in good to moderate condition. Remedial action at all of the structures to prevent further damage is urgently required. The reinforced concrete structures are at present in a fairly stable condition, but the ammunition lockers of the gun positions are all beginning to show signs of structural weakness. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Land to the rear of 25A Bath Buildings, Montpelier, ST 59117437. A watching brief revealed Cutler’s Mill Brook within a stone culvert, and the 19th-century walls of industrial buildings. Raymond K. Ducker, BWA

Fairlawn School, Fairlawn Road, Montpelier, ST 59667465. A survey of the Grade II Listed Buildings at the school was carried out. They were designed in the Queen Anne revival style by the architect William Larkins Bernard (1843–1922) for the Bristol School Board in the 1890s, and were built in 1898. Tim Longman, BaRAS

Fairlawn School, Fairlawn Road, Montpelier, ST 59657467. Three exploratory trenches were excavated in a playground to the south of the main school buildings in order to locate a Second World War subterranean air-raid shelter. The structure was found in two of the trenches and occupied much of the central part of the site. It consisted of pre-cast, reinforced concrete walls standing c.2 m high. The roof had been removed and the passageways infilled with stone aggregate, so no examination of the interior was possible. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Church of St Thomas the Martyr, Redcliffe, ST 59127277. A Ground Penetrating Radar survey was carried out in order to detect any archaeological evidence relating to the church and any associated crypts pre-dating its rebuilding and remodelling in the 17th century. The survey recorded a number of responses of potential archaeological interest, including a possible grave in the central aisle and possible structural elements near the altar; further responses may reflect rubble/disturbance associated with the rebuilding. Paul Baggaley, WA

Redcliffe roundabout, Redcliffe, ST 59087239. An archaeological watching brief was maintained during realignment groundworks at Redcliffe roundabout, associated with the Ashton Vale to Temple Meads MetroBus scheme. The groundworks uncovered the foundations of three 18th- to 19th-century buildings and a late 1930s boundary wall. A post-medieval Quaker burial ground extended into the south-west corner of the site and, while no human remains were encountered, it is possible that burials are present below the depth of 1 m reached by the groundworks. Likewise, although no evidence for the medieval hospital of St John the Baptist was observed, remnants may survive between several post-medieval cellars below relatively undisturbed areas of post-medieval made ground. Andrew King, WA 280 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

20–34 Lyppiatt Road, St George, ST 61627363. Building recording was carried out at this former factory site comprising the original main factory building and two slightly later ones. Subsequent research identified the main structure as a Methodist chapel dating to 1852; this part of the factory will be converted into housing and commercial premises. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Bishop Street/Dean Street, St Paul’s, ST 59457382. A watching brief recorded walls and structures connected with three adjoining properties bombed during the Second World War. Raymond K. Ducker, BWA

17 Portland Square, St Paul’s, ST 59497372. An historic building assessment indicated that the present house has occupied the site since 1815 or earlier. The five-storey mid Georgian terraced house was designed by the architect Daniel Hague. It was a private residence until 1905, when it was bought by the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA). In 1914 a Mission House acquired the property and built a new church hall at the rear by 1924. The property has undergone a number of relatively minor internal alterations, the most extensive being the insertion of a new mezzanine floor in the extension (former church hall) at the rear in 2000. Tim Longman, BaRAS

Wilder Street and Brunswick Street junction, St Paul’s, ST 59307384. A watching brief recorded the walls of 19th- to 20th-century commercial properties. Raymond K. Ducker, BWA

51A and 57 Braggs Lane, St Philip’s, ST 59937332. A watching brief revealed the foundation walls of 19th-century properties together with a simple stratigraphic sequence. Raymond K. Ducker, BWA

13–15 West Street, St Philip’s, ST 59827327. An evaluation comprising two trenches was undertaken in the car parking area to the rear of the site. Well-preserved archaeological features associated with the Lamb Inn, a mid 17th-century coaching house demolished in 1905, were found. Both trenches demonstrated that, following the demolition, the remains were buried and the land level raised, thereby protecting the archaeological deposits. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Southmead hospital, Southmead, ST 59067754. A watching brief was carried out during the construction of a new 800 acute-bed hospital building, and the associated infrastructure including roads and services. The Phase 1 groundworks revealed made ground deposits and modern services cut directly into the underlying natural strata of archaeologically sterile interbedded clays, mudstone and Lias limestone. The Phase 2 groundworks revealed stone foundations belonging to a demolished late Victorian workhouse, made ground deposits and the concrete-piled foundations of several demolished post-Second World War hospital buildings, over the natural mudstone and Lias limestone. Tim Longman, BaRAS

Beaufort House, 52 Park Road, Stapleton, ST 61687616. A survey of Beaufort House, a Grade II Listed Building, was undertaken prior to alterations being made to the fabric of the building and some of the interior fittings. The house, garden wall, coach house/stable and other boundary walls date from the 17th century onwards. The survey revealed a long history of alteration and ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 281 modernization. Where fixtures and fittings have survived largely intact, such as the basement wine store and the hay loft, stall and doors in the coach house, it seems likely that these were all part of an extensive scheme of updating and alteration in the early 19th century. The main house was refronted and the eastern wing reduced in the mid 19th century. Tracey Smith, BaRAS

Redwood, Stoke Park Road South, Stoke Bishop, ST 56527523. Archaeological excavation and a subsequent watching brief were carried out in advance of and during development. The most significant archaeological feature in the area is the remains of a Roman road (Via Julia) that crosses Durdham Down. This road is believed to be part of a route linking Abona at modern Sea Mills with Aquae Sulis (Bath), and is thought to pass through the Redwood site. Despite the absence of any firm dating evidence, excavation confirmed the projected alignment taken from cartographic sources (the Ordnance Survey map of 1885) and evidence derived from previous investigative work to the south-east in 1999 and 2001. The remains of road material in the form of a stone spread were recorded in the south-eastern corner of the excavation, surviving as a small isolated layer of variously sized and shaped closely-laid stones; their rounded and worn nature pointed to sustained wear or erosion. The stones were set within the subsoil layer, a thin deposit of reddish-brown clay overlying the natural bedrock; a similar stratigraphic sequence was recorded in 1999 and 2001. The road deposits were sealed by a layer producing an abundance of residual finds that ranged in date from the Roman to modern periods indicating that the layer was re-deposited from elsewhere. It was probably associated with landscaping during construction of the adjacent Chattenden House in the late 19th century, when the site formed part of the formal gardens. The investigation was not extensive enough to reveal the road in its entirety including roadside ditches. Significant truncation within both the east and north sides of the excavation, attributed to construction of the former house (Redwood) and swimming pool, and root disturbance in the central area means that little of the road has survived. No further evidence was observed during the subsequent watching brief. 110 Arch

6 Hill Avenue, Victoria Park, Totterdown, ST 59577147. A photographic survey was undertaken of the Edwardian former church prior to its conversion and the demolition of post-war extensions. The building, dating to 1910, is the former Anglican church of St Michael the Less, a chapel-of- ease to the nearby parish church of St Michael and All Angels. The church was closed in 1956 and converted into a garage/car body repair shop in 1958, during which time the extensions had been added. Tim Longman, BaRAS

CHARFIELD, land off Wotton Road, ST 72839234. A detailed magnetometer survey was carried out within a single pasture field. The results demonstrated the presence of a number of short and fragmented positive linear anomalies lacking a coherent morphology and preventing confident interpretation. A number of discrete positive responses may indicate pit-like features, but these were widespread and isolated. Sub-circular anomalies in the south-eastern part of the site may relate to natural features, although this is uncertain. There was evidence of a former river channel and other naturally-formed features within the underlying geology. Other anomalies related to agricultural activity and buried services. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS 282 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

CHEDWORTH, Roman villa: north range bath house, SP 05271347. The third season of a five- year research project to prepare for the design of a new protective cover building for the north range concentrated on the west end of the range, within Rooms 21 and 24 (see AR 38–9). During the latest Roman phase, Room 21 was thought to have served as the apodyterium or changing room of the north baths. In the late 4th century it was approached via a stone stairway from the south. Below the modern turf and gravel surface of Room 21 was an abraded and pitted late 4th-century crushed tile floor. Three trenches measuring 1.5×1.2 m were dug through this, each with their long axis aligned north–south. Trench A was 1 m from the north-west corner of Room 21; Trench B was against the east wall; while Trench C was in the south-east corner, 0.7 m south of B. In all three trenches were deep deposits of backfilling material. The debris in Trench A differed from B and C, confirming the earlier room division between the east and west sides of Room 21. In Trench A, a sandy loam contained occasional lumps of limestone mixed with some brick and painted plaster. This continued from below the crushed tile floor for 1.3 m to a hard lime mortar floor. The level of this matched the levels of the caldarium and tepidarium floors previously excavated. The deep deposit in Trench A was found only in the central 0.8 m-wide section of the trench: north and south of this, walls were found at 0.3 m below the crushed tile floor. The walls were rubble stone structures built on dark grey-black clay. However, only 0.2 m-wide sections of these walls were seen: they ran parallel with the north and south sides of the trench, but in each case their full width continued beyond the excavation edge. Their function is unclear, but they may represent a channelled hypocaust. They were, however, very different from the box flue tilepilae previously seen below the south wall of Room 21, and from that seen in Trenches B and C, as described below. In Trenches B and C several early to mid 4th-century coins of the House of Constantine were found within a burnt clay layer beneath the crushed tile floor. This deposit overlay a deep filling of building debris consisting of large chunks of mosaic and painted plaster with voids between. In the centre of Trench B, and abutting the east wall, was a 0.6 m-wide pillar made of tiles. The upper tile courses were corbelled out to create a wider upper surface. This feature would have continued above the floor surface, but had later been truncated when the crushed tile floor was laid. The other features in Trench B were regularly spaced pilae of stacked 0.2 m2 earthenware tiles. Against the east wall on either side of the pillar was a culvert made of tiles which contained most of a 4th- century black burnished ware jar. Trench C was excavated to examine a blocked doorway that can be seen from Room 25b, which is at a lower level on the east side of Room 21. Only the upper edge of the buried west side of the doorway was uncovered, but it was clear that it had two phases of construction. In Room 24 the east half of the apse was excavated to see whether any mosaic survived in this area. However, it became clear that the present ground surface was once the floor of the hypocaust. This area had been badly disturbed and the curving inner line of the apse on this side had been completely rebuilt in the 1860s and no trace of Roman masonry could be seen. Below the turf was a layer of limestone rubble, up to 0.1 m deep, mixed with occasional small fragments of collapsed mosaic above the natural bedrock. In 1963 the southern half of Room 24 had been excavated by Sir Ian Richmond. He found the footings of an earlier heated bath house with a flue at the east end, and subsequently marked out these discoveries in concrete. During 2015 the southern half of this concrete was broken up and lifted to see on what evidence Richmond’s interpretation had been based. The concrete was found to rest on 0.5 m-wide walls that had been reddened by heat. The flue at the east end of the bath was as interpreted, but it had replaced a blocked earlier flue in the south wall. The south wall of Room 24 was later built over the southern edge of the blocked flue. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 283 N 30 20 metres 10 0 Plan of Chedworth Roman villa. Fig. 1. 284 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

A 1.7 m-wide trench was extended across Room 24 to the east wall of Room 21. Below the turf and topsoil was a thin layer of modern backfill which overlay the line of a 0.8 m-wide trench with a lower filling of stone chippings capped with clay. This was interpreted as a robbed-out wall aligned east–west. The original form of this wall is implied by a large fire-reddened stone that had been retained and built over within the east wall of Room 21; a similar large stone on the same alignment was preserved within the east wall of Room 24. The rebuilt flue of the early bath house had incorporated this stone, as its wall had also been built on the line of the robbed- out wall. The clay filling of the robber trench contained rows of indentations, 0.25 m in diameter and 0.1 m deep, filled with mortar and painted plaster. These were regularly spaced, 0.2 m apart, and were the foundations for the hypocaust stone pillars which once occupied this room. Two remain, having been re-erected during the Victorian reconstruction. A similar arrangement of pillars survives in Room 26, further east along the north range. The east end of the water feature in Room 25c, examined in 2014, was reopened. The 1 m-wide trench contained layers of building debris, 0.6 m deep, above a clay and mortar floor which survived in the south-east corner of the trench. A stone-lined drain outlet was found in the south wall. Martin Papworth, NT

CHIPPING CAMPDEN, land at Berrington Mill nurseries, Station Road, SP 16023924. A small excavation, ahead of proposed residential development, revealed a shallow plough furrow containing a few sherds of post-medieval pottery and clay tobacco pipe stems. Andrew King, WA

Cidermill Lane, SP 15373953. An archaeological evaluation identified five tree-planting pits and a ditch. Four of the pits and the ditch were not datable, while the fifth tree-planting pit was later than the early 16th century. They were situated in an area that was an orchard in the 19th century, but the pits were potentially older. Gwilym Williams, JMHS

The Leasow, Dyers Lane, SP 14603900. An archaeological evaluation, comprising nine trenches, identified a ditch of late Bronze Age to early Iron Age date, based on the sherd of pottery recovered from within the fill. Two residual worked flints were recovered from the topsoil, only one of which, an exhausted single platform bladelet core from the Mesolithic period, could be closely dated. Tim Cornah and Tom Vaughan, WorcsArch

CIRENCESTER, land at Bowling Green Lane, SP 02280314. A magnetometer survey was undertaken within an irregularly-shaped land parcel to the east of Bowling Green Lane. A linear ditch following the contour of the western side of the site was identified, along with a possible continuation close to the southern boundary. Further east was a cluster of pits, well defined and containing moderately enhanced fills, which may have been associated with quarrying. Other weaker and magnetically variable responses with irregular morphologies related to further quarrying, primarily in the north-eastern part of the survey area. Relatively modern quarry infill was also identified within the south-western part of the site. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 285

11 Purley Avenue, SP 02800180. Evaluation trenching in connection with a proposed small house extension did not reveal any archaeological features, but two sherds of Roman pottery were found in modern made ground. Susan Porter, TVAS

Land west of Cirencester, SP 01600003. An evaluation identified ditches that all appeared to form parts of enclosures associated with the nearby Chesterton Farm Roman settlement. The ditches corresponded with anomalies identified during a previous geophysical survey of the settlement and contained Roman finds, including slag. Christopher Leonard, CA

COLEFORD, Pingry Farm, Milkwall, SO 57040945. Groundworks associated with the installation of a solar farm were monitored. Previous archaeological investigation had revealed a few isolated pits and tree-throw holes (AR 38–9). No further remains were identified during the watching brief. Andrew King, WA

DEERHURST, land at Apperley, SO 86522865. A geophysical survey and an evaluation were undertaken in support of a planning application for residential development. A series of east– west furrows was present in the western part of the site, representing medieval ridge and furrow cultivation. A. Bartlett, A. Boucher and E. Jeffrey, HA

DOWN AMPNEY, Broadway Farm, SU 10229747. A detailed magnetometer survey over 1 ha located a positive linear anomaly that may be a continuation of a ditch revealed by an evaluation on land immediately to the south. Other linear and discrete anomalies were either weak, short or indistinct. A number of positive and negative linear anomalies in the north-eastern corner may relate to former garden boundaries. A zone of magnetic debris was also likely to be associated with the gardens and with material from a smithy. Anomalies indicating ridge and furrow were also present. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

DOWN HATHERLEY, land north of Hatherley Brook, SO 88032247. An evaluation identified modern overburden extending to a depth in excess of 1 m below ground level. No archaeological finds, features or deposits were identified during the site works. I. Bennett, HA

DOWNEND and BROMLEY HEATH, land off Cleeve Road, ST 67307440. A watching brief carried out on the site of housing development located a series of heavily-disturbed footings relating to former 19th-century buildings recorded on the Ordnance Survey 1st edition map. No earlier remains were located. Thomas Wellicome, ALI

DOYNTON, Roman villa, Bowd Farm, ST 73057419. Excavations continued on the site of a series of Roman buildings set within surrounding enclosures (see AR 39). The 2015 season investigated one of the rooms that was probably in the workshop area of the complex, to the rear of the buildings. Whilst the level of preservation is relatively good, there was clear evidence of extensive robbing of the masonry during the medieval period. A complete New Forest ware flask recovered 286 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 from under the floor, probably laid as a good luck offering in one corner, helped to date this part of the building. Clay floors and a lack of decorated plaster testified to the functional nature of this part of the complex. Pottery and small finds were consistent with a 4th-century date. ArScn

DYMOCK, The Harrow, Kempley Road, SO 69923114. Two 20 m-long trenches were excavated as an evaluation and archaeological features were identified in both. The majority dated to the post-medieval period. A ditch seen in two trenches contained 1st- to 4th-century Roman pottery, charcoal and animal bone. A pit identified in Trench 1 also contained 1st- to 4th-century Roman pottery. Large fragments of iron slag/bloom were recovered from the ditch and the pit. Mark Collard, RH

EASTINGTON, land off Alkerton Road, SO 77300555. A magnetometer survey over 1.1 ha, within the southern part of a single arable field, identified a small number of weak, broad, linear responses of uncertain origin. A central zone of weakly magnetic debris indicated the presence of magnetically thermo-remnant material, but it was unclear whether this had been brought onto site or was associated with industrial activity. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

Land off Broadfield Road, SO 77510563. A detailed magnetometer survey was carried out over 1 ha within the south-western part of an arable field. A small number of very weakly positive linear anomalies were located, truncated by land drains, but their weak and fragmented response prevented confident interpretation. A small patch of magnetic debris in the north-eastern part of the survey area was of uncertain origin, but may indicate brick, tile or slag. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

ELMSTONE HARDWICKE, land off Tewkesbury Road, SO 89832628. A detailed magnetometer survey located a number of weakly positive linear anomalies possibly associated with land drainage. Amorphous, magnetically variable responses primarily within the eastern half of the site may relate to naturally formed features associated with the underlying alluvial deposits. Short, weakly positive linear or curvilinear anomalies lacked a coherent morphology and may also relate to natural features. Former ridge and furrow has also been identified. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

FAIRFORD, land south of Cirencester Road, SP 14560062. Excavation of c.2.3 ha revealed the remains of significant archaeological deposits consisting of c.110 postholes, six ditches, four pits and three sunken-featured buildings. Preliminary stratigraphic and artefactual assessment indicates that, whilst a limited number of features appeared to date from the Neolithic and Iron Age, most are of Anglo-Saxon date. A group of post-medieval ditches was also identified. K. Bain, HA

FOREST OF DEAN DISTRICT, SO 70002000. An archaeological research framework has been prepared for Forest of Dean district as part of the final phase of the Forest of Dean Archaeological Survey. This consists of a brief statement of what is currently known about the archaeology of the district from the Palaeolithic to the post-medieval period, identifies those areas which need further research and makes recommendations for how this could be achieved. A number of specialists on particular aspects of the district’s archaeology were consulted and the recommendations take account of other relevant research frameworks such as those produced ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 287 by the National Association of Mining History Organisations and the Historical Metallurgy Society, and also the South-West Regional Research Framework. The Research Framework will be available on the Historic England and Gloucestershire County Council websites. Jon Hoyle, GCCAS

GLOUCESTER, Gloucester cathedral, Upper College Green, SO 83081875. An archaeological evaluation consisting of four trenches was undertaken in advance of proposed landscaping and reconfiguration of the Cathedral Close as part of ‘Project Pilgrim’. All four trenches contained articulated skeletons at depths of between 0.30 m (Trench 2) and 1.30 m (Trench 3), indicating that burials had taken place across the area until the 18th century, although considerably more disturbance had taken place in the two southernmost trenches. Just beneath the turf in Trench 1, an inscribed ledger stone, dating to the end of the 17th or the beginning of the 18th century, was found. Although not in its original position, the stone bore an inscription which, as a result of the protection afforded by the overlying turf, survived largely intact, in contrast to the stones that had remained exposed on the surface. Further monuments were also encountered in Trench 4. Of the test pits excavated inside the cathedral, one, situated immediately inside the south door, revealed a former floor surface of badly-worn and damaged red and black ceramic tiles at a depth of 0.30 m beneath existing ground level. No deposits of archaeological significance were encountered in the two remaining pits. BA

Gloucester cathedral, north transept, SO 83121878. A programme of archaeological investigation was undertaken in advance of the proposed installation of a lift shaft. An earlier Ground Penetrating Radar survey suggested that the north transept had been constructed on bedrock which was present at a depth of c.1 m beneath ground level. However, the results of the archaeological investigation, and of a subsequent geoarchaeological survey, proved that this was not the case, and that a considerable depth of burial soils lie above the natural sand. Immediately beneath two ledger stones (removed before archaeological work commenced) was a charnel deposit containing the remains of at least seven individuals. The bones may have been from graves disturbed during construction of the Hyett vault to the west. The investigation found two graves, one of which contained a lead coffin dating to 1723 and which bore an inscription referring to the individual described on the ledger stone removed from above the grave. The coffin in the other grave was in poor condition, only the base remaining, although the burial was well preserved. The burial extended outside the excavated area to the west, where concerns about the stability of the east wall of the adjoining Hyett vault meant that investigation was halted. Subsequent augering demonstrated that disturbed, possible burial soils continued to a depth of at least 2.10 m in the southern part of the trench, above waterlogged sand. Although the depth was not established in the north grave, probing demonstrated that soft material continued beneath the level of the base of the lead coffin, possibly indicating the presence of further burials. BA

Gloucestershire Archives extension, Alvin Street, SO 83501889. An evaluation recorded a buried soil horizon overlying the natural substrate. This buried soil was cut by two undated pits or postholes. Later Roman activity was also revealed in the form of a large ditch, a probable quarry and a possible gravel and mortar surface. Post-medieval cultivation soils and ditches were also present, reflecting the site’s location within what was formerly the agricultural hinterland of Gloucester. Daniel Sausins, CA 288 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

Former Gardiner Bros premises, Alvin Street, SO 83601884. An archaeological field evaluation, comprising three trenches, was undertaken in advance of a residential development. A desk-based assessment had highlighted the potential for Roman and post-Roman archaeological deposits, including burials. All three of the trenches contained Roman deposits, at depths of between 1.20 m (Trench 3) and 1.40 m (Trench 1) beneath the existing surface. A number of cut features and a burial were also identified, the burial being among the latest in the sequence of Roman deposits. A substantial dump of probable industrial waste was found in Trench 3 and might have been related to a small kiln or furnace located close by. Hammerscale was found in the majority of the features, and its presence attested to ironworking on or close to the site in the Roman period. BA

The Lodge, Brunswick Square, SO 82961808. An archaeological evaluation, comprising two trenches, was undertaken prior to development. A sequence of layers formed by the gradual accumulation of material during the post-medieval and, possibly, medieval periods, in the open area of ‘Gaudy Green’ to the south-east of post-Roman Gloucester, was identified. A brick structure partially truncated the layers revealed in Trench 2, whilst Trench 1 contained an associated yard surface or similar feature at its northern end. Underlying these layers was a series of linear and discrete features of Roman date, cutting a Roman soil horizon present within both trenches. These are possibly of agricultural origin and may represent boundary ditches; several associated postholes were present within Trench 2. The soil horizon sealed alluvium which, in turn, overlay the natural clay. In addition to the Roman deposits identified within Trench 1, a small assemblage of seven worked flints was recovered, primarily from the surface of the alluvium, and one presumably residual flint was found within the fill of a linear feature. BA

Llanthony Secunda priory, SO 82381799. An evaluation comprising the excavation of ten trenches was followed by a watching brief during the excavation of seven trial pits. Three evaluation trenches were excavated within the standing remains of the late medieval structure known as the Great Stable. These demonstrated a complex history of construction and repair, the extant late medieval brick structure having been constructed on earlier stone footings associated with deposits dating to the 13th–15th centuries. A substantial burnt layer containing large quantities of sandstone roof tiles indicated a major destructive fire in the later post-medieval period. The current floor surface over this, made mainly of re-used bricks, was laid in the early 20th century. The watching brief recorded a wall footing, possibly part of the earlier build of the Great Stable. Three evaluation trenches excavated within the standing buildings known as the medieval range, and one immediately outside to the north, showed that this building also had a complex history of construction and alteration. A possible earlier phase of the medieval building was found, overlain by later medieval and post-medieval elements of the extant building. Three evaluation trenches excavated within an open area west of the extant priory buildings encountered deep modern infill deposits to more than 3.1 m below ground level, perhaps infilling a large cut feature. A stone wall footing of possible medieval date was also found. Ray Holt and Alex Thomson, CA

University of Gloucestershire, Plock Court and Oxstalls Campus, SO 84212009. An archaeological evaluation comprising 18 trenches and nine deep test pits was carried out in three separate areas. The trenches generally confirmed the results of the preceding desk-based assessment and geophysical survey, indicating limited archaeological potential. In the medieval and post-medieval ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 289 periods the western part of the site was under open-field cultivation, as evidenced by traces of ridge and furrow. The parts of the site within the floodplain of the Wotton Brook were historically used as pasture. The various archaeological features observed, where they can be dated, were consistent with agricultural land-use rather than settlement. A series of three test pits through the Pleistocene river terrace deposits to the west of the brook did not encounter any Palaeolithic artefacts. No evidence for Holocence prehistoric activity was encountered in any of the trenches. Evidence for Roman activity was surprisingly slight, given the proximity of the site to Roman Glevum, and comprised two ditches. Medieval and post-medieval features were more common, particularly in areas of former ridge and furrow, but were again consistent with agricultural land-use. A notable concentration of such features occurred along the boundary between the terrace gravel and the floodplain of the Wotton Brook, including furrow terminals, and pits or gravel quarries. These may have lain along a hedgebank separating the open fields from the pasture on the floodplain. John Boothroyd, OA

43–53 St Catherine Street, SO 83201900. Two evaluation trenches were opened to the south and east of the former Queen’s Head public house. The southern trench revealed small Roman pits at a depth of 1.50–1.70 m below the existing ground level, although they had been disturbed by later large post-medieval pits. The eastern trench also located Roman features, as well as later medieval and post-medieval pits, the latter being surprisingly well preserved given the later disturbance on the site. A small, post-medieval, dome-shaped structure of unclear function was also located. Roman pottery dating to the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, as well as medieval pottery from the 11th to 12th centuries, was recovered. Thomas Wellicome, ALI

Meadowleaze, Elmbridge, SO 85271563. An archaeological field evaluation consisting of three trenches was undertaken prior to a proposed housing development. However, the only feature present was a large cut filled with modern demolition and building debris at the north end of Trench 3. BA

Amberley Road, Matson, SO 84611607. An archaeological field evaluation, consisting of two trenches, was undertaken in advance of the proposed development of the site for housing. The trenches were excavated down to natural deposits and no features or finds of archaeological significance were present in either of the trenches. BA

Bazeley Road, Matson, SO 84891482. An archaeological field evaluation consisting of a single trench was undertaken in advance of a proposed housing development. No deposits of archaeological significance were revealed during the course of the work. BA

296 Painswick Road, Matson, SO 85361574. An archaeological field evaluation consisting of three trenches was undertaken in advance of a proposed development. The excavations revealed the remains of two small sections of 20th-century wall foundation trenches relating to a former property on the site. No finds or deposits of archaeological significance were encountered during the evaluation. BA 290 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

Winsley Road, Matson, SO 85271563. An archaeological field evaluation comprising four trenches was undertaken in advance of a proposed housing development. The trenches were excavated down to natural deposits and a layer of disturbed natural clay, probably associated with 20th- century levelling and landscaping activity, was recorded above the undisturbed natural deposits and beneath modern surfaces and turf. No deposits, features or finds of archaeological significance were present on the site, although the remains of a brick-paved car park or hard-standing surface were identified. This appears to have been associated with garaging situated between Matson Avenue and Winsley Road, which is first shown on the Ordnance Survey 1:1250 map of 1956. BA

HIGHNAM, land to the south of Oakridge, SO 79991980. A magnetometer survey demonstrated the presence of a number of very weakly positive linear responses lacking a coherent pattern or morphology, preventing confident interpretation. A small number of discrete anomalies appeared to relate to pit-like features, but their origin was uncertain. Evidence for a number of former land boundaries and agricultural activity was also located. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

Land to the south of Oakridge, SO 79991980. Following geophysical survey (see above) an evaluation identified Roman features comprising field boundary ditches, fence line postholes backfilled with burnt clay, and intercutting pits. These remains possibly relate to a roadside settlement previously identified 500 m to the south. A small assemblage of residual late prehistoric pottery was also recovered. A post-medieval field boundary ditch and post-medieval furrows were also recorded. Christopher Leonard, CA

HINTON, land near Sharpness Docks, SO 66980154. An evaluation revealed Roman ditches, probably forming agricultural boundaries or enclosures on localized high ground. The current evidence suggests two phases of Roman activity, the earlier of which dates to the late 1st to 2nd centuries AD. Former field boundaries depicted on the Ordnance Survey 1st edition map of 1881, and which correlated with geophysical anomalies, were identified throughout the site. Daniel Sausins, CA

KEMBLE, land near railway station, ST 98499742. An archaeological evaluation identified a collection of small pits and postholes within the north-east corner of the site, probably indicating the position of a railway construction navvies’ camp. Two ditches may be related to field boundaries of the Roman or a later period. A modern quarry was also found. Stephen Leech, JMHS

Land at Top Farm, ST 98689700. Excavation identified Roman activity comprising two cremation burials and two parallel ditches, the latter containing pottery dating to the 2nd to 4th centuries AD. The cremation burials consisted of shallow circular pits containing small quantities of cremated human bone; one was associated with Roman pottery and an iron nail, while no finds were recovered from the second. Medieval remains comprised extensive stone quarry pits and a small building. The building had been constructed above a backfilled part of the quarried area and survived as two well-defined walls with a clear entrance gap associated with a posthole for a doorway. Internally, it contained a hearth and samples were recovered from this for future analysis. Evidence was found of attempts to support the building, which seems to have suffered from subsidence into the quarry backfill. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 291

Pottery from the building and associated deposits suggests that it was in use during the 13th and 14th centuries and it was perhaps a workshop associated with the quarrying. Post-medieval remains included plough furrows, a set of cart tracks and elements of buildings recorded on historic maps. Simon Sworn, CA

KEMPSFORD, land at Top Road, SU 15459718. Following earlier evaluation (AR 37), excavation covering 1.4 ha was carried out in advance of a mixed-use development. Roman enclosures, perhaps with late Iron Age origins, were excavated, along with six Anglo-Saxon sunken-featured buildings and a post-built hall, and medieval furrows. A small cemetery of around a dozen burials (and one disarticulated skull) contained very few finds and may belong to either the Roman or the Saxon period; a programme of radiocarbon dating is being undertaken and, if successful, it is hoped that isotope analysis will follow. David Platt, TVAS

KING’S STANLEY, land off Woodside Lane, SO 80830317. An excavation was undertaken within two areas. Area A contained the remains of a ditched field system dating mainly to the 13th to 14th centuries. One of the ditches had been re-cut and may represent part of the borough boundary, established c.1253 when the lord of the manor, Adam le Despenser, was granted a market and fair. Finds from this re-cut dated to the 14th to 16th centuries. The absence of later finds would seem to suggest that the new borough was not commercially successful, resulting in the shrinking of the medieval settlement and a consequent lack of maintenance of the boundary. Within Area B a series of ditches was exposed, all of which seem to have been used for drainage in the 12th to 14th centuries. One of a number of shallow pits contained a sherd of prehistoric pottery, but another truncated a medieval ditch and the pottery may therefore have been residual. The pits are otherwise currently undated. Mark Brett, CA

KINGSWOOD, land off Charfield Road, ST 74289208. A magnetometer survey located a number of very weakly positive linear anomalies, which were weak, fragmented, indistinct and could not be confidently interpreted. It is possible that some of the responses related to land drainage. A small number of discrete positive anomalies have also been located and these appeared to be pit- like features with a magnetically enhanced fill. Evidence for agricultural activity has also been identified, together with anomalies associated with footpaths crossing the site. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

LECHLADE, land off High Street, SU 21769951. A magnetometer survey of c.1 ha of land was undertaken in advance of a proposed mixed-use development. Anomalies that appeared to represent ridge and furrow were identified. Subsequent evaluation trenching revealed a ditch and two possible pits; the ditch and one pit contained pottery probably of Bronze Age or Iron Age date. Tim Dawson and Steve Ford, TVAS

Land off Moorgate, SU 20909975. An excavation was undertaken on land 100 m south of a Scheduled Monument, west of Lechlade, comprising the cropmarks and earthworks of a Bronze Age barrow complex, an Anglo-Saxon cemetery and prehistoric and Roman trackways and enclosures. Features excavated included prehistoric segmented ditches, similar to examples found within the Scheduled Monument. Evidence of Roman activity was restricted to a few sherds of pottery, most abraded and probably residual. The site also contained medieval boundary ditches defining plots of land 292 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 fronting the A417 road to the south, along with a rectangular enclosure, part of which seems to have been formed by an extant earthwork bank. Broad, shallow medieval quarry pits were also present. Christopher Leonard, CA

LECKHAMPTON, Farm Lane, SP 87101923. An archaeological excavation was carried out over an area of 15.4 ha previously assessed by geophysical survey and evaluation trenching. These surveys identified areas of activity dating to the Iron Age and Roman periods, including a large number of agricultural boundaries and areas of settlement activity. Pottery suggested use of the site from the 1st century BC to the 3rd century AD. A small flint scatter, dating to the late Mesolithic (c.6000–4000 BC), situated on the high ground of Area 1, was the earliest activity encountered during the excavation. A large oval enclosure, in Area 2a, with a narrow entrance was of probable Bronze Age date, and slag recovered from the gully provided possible evidence for metalworking. A possible cremation burial uncovered nearby may also belong to this period. A large enclosure probably dating to the late Iron Age (1st century BC) was uncovered in Area 5, together with a number of ditches and smaller enclosures relating to early Roman settlement activity (mid 1st–mid 2nd century AD). Although the Roman features in this area had been significantly disturbed by medieval ploughing, they produced a large quantity of Roman pottery, mainly Severn Valley ware. In the north-west of Area 5, the remains of a post-built timber building were found along with a small oven. In Areas 2a and 2b, a number of agricultural boundaries dating to the early Roman period were uncovered, together with a group of three burials of 1st- or 2nd-century AD date situated along the edge of one of them. The best-preserved area of settlement, again dating to the 1st or 2nd century AD, was located on higher ground in Area 1, where the remains of two roundhouses were discovered. The most complete roundhouse contained the remains of a central hearth surrounded by structural postholes and a characteristic ring gully c.15 m in diameter. Near to this was a large granary structure, consisting of four substantial postholes. The settlement was enclosed first by a slightly curving ditch, which was later replaced by a larger rectangular ditch. Several smaller enclosures were possibly livestock pens. Areas 6 and 8 in the south-east of the site contained further agricultural enclosures set off a major north–south boundary. Although no buildings were discovered in this area, a number of relatively high-status copper alloy finds were recovered, all of the 1st and 2nd centuries, indicating nearby settlement activity. Four crouched burials dating to no earlier that the mid 1st century AD were also found in this area, situated on a ridge of higher ground. There was very little evidence of Roman activity after the mid 2nd century, other than a few stray coins of 3rd-century date. A ditched enclosure, which may represent a small farmstead, was constructed in Area 2a during the 10th or 11th century. Overlying the earlier remains across much of the site were the remains of medieval ridge and furrow cultivation. Ken Welsh, OA

Former industrial estate, 205 Leckhampton Road, SO 94831947. During further recording in advance of redevelopment (see AR 39), two brick-lined limekiln pots, surrounded by a series of north– south and east–west brick and stone walls, were recorded. These were overlain by a series of late 19th- and 20th-century dump deposits. Waste from the limekilns was also found to the west and north of the limekiln complex. A number of artefacts recovered from made ground overlying the backfilled limekilns were retained for analysis. These comprised domestic pottery and glass of the mid 19th to mid 20th centuries, indicating a terminus post quem date range of 1853–1950 for the ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 293 deposit, and a likely date within the middle of that range (late 19th or early 20th century) for the abandonment and backfilling of the limekilns. No further in situ evidence of the former Leckhampton quarries, such as the brickworks, stables and tramway, survived on site, other than a single track which was probably from the tramway, and was recovered from the dump deposits overlying the limekilns. Modern made ground overlying the natural substrate throughout the site indicated that the foundations of all but a Second World War air raid shelter and the limekilns had been grubbed out, and the site landscaped and levelled prior to the establishment of the industrial estate in the latter half of the 20th century. Graham Arnold, WorcsArch

LONGFORD, Longford Lane, SO 84222077. Following a geophysical survey and an evaluation that indicated the presence of substantial Roman remains an excavation was carried out in advance of housing development. In the northern part of the site, near the established watercourse, were a small pennanular ditch and a number of earlier prehistoric pits. Two of these contained middle Neolithic Impressed wares (Peterborough and Mortlake/Fengate wares) and early Bronze Age collared urn fragments. A large square ditched enclosure, with sides of c.60 m and with an entrance on the southern side, was of late Iron Age origin. A further, smaller, concentric ditch was of two phases and there were slighter features outside the main ditch on three of its four sides. These were unlikely all to have been contemporary. Located within the entrance to the enclosure several pottery vessels were positioned within pits. There was little evidence of settlement or occupation associated with the enclosure, but it may have been a territorial monument, perhaps with some low-density use, as a meeting-place for example. In the early Roman period infilling and subsequent re-cutting of parts of the enclosure was associated with a new ditch. Two typical late 1st- to early 2nd-century pottery kilns were also found. Each consisted of a main circular firing chamber, with an integral tongue pedestal projecting from the rear wall towards the flue, and a narrow parallel-sided flue leading to the stoking hollow. The ditches and few pits nearest the kilns contained large amounts of wasters. In addition to the kilns, there were two substantial stone-lined wells, a pit in which pottery bases had been placed on a layer of clay, a very large pit containing four near-complete pots in the base, and one with a collapsed pot at the base. During the 2nd and 3rd centuries a rectilinear field system formed by ditched boundaries was laid out, and it continued in use into the 4th century. There was little activity at this time directly related to the large enclosure, but it would have continued as a feature in the landscape. In the north-east part of the site a second focus of activity became established to the west, closer to the river. A small group of four inhumations was located at a junction of boundaries in the northern area. Other isolated burials were seen towards the south and east. Vix Hughes, OA

LYDNEY, land east of Lydney, Rodley Manor, SO 64400379. A geophysical survey followed by trial trenching identified a series of medieval and post-medieval buildings and other structural anomalies. Most activity occurred in a band just north of the centre of the site and consisted of medieval structures dated to the 14th century on the east side and wall foundations of late medieval to post-medieval buildings to the west of these. The site of Rodley manor lies between these remains and was not evaluated. However, it may be expected that further foundations of 16th-century origin would be present here. Very little activity was identified in the southern part of the site, and none in the north. R. Blackburn, S. Harrison and R. Pelling, HA 294 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

MARSHFIELD, land at Shire Hill Farm, ST 78477617. Works associated with the installation of a wind turbine were monitored. No archaeological finds, features or deposits were encountered. Andrew King, WA

MICKLETON, land north of Canada Lane, SP 16254418. Excavation identified late Iron Age to early Roman stock enclosures across the western and central areas of the site. They were sub- rectangular in plan and intercutting. Non-residential structures were identified within several enclosures, whilst a possible domestic dwelling was identified within the south-eastern part of the site. Associated drainage or boundary ditches, pits and postholes were also present. During the Roman period the focus of activity shifted, at which time further rectilinear enclosures and a trackway were set out. An associated kiln, a possible clay-mixing pit, storage pits and boundary ditches accompanied this activity. The site also contained ten inhumation graves, dated to the Roman or post-Roman periods. The site produced a large quantity of finds including late Iron Age and Roman pottery, animal bone, iron slag, worked stone (including complete and fragmented quernstones) and metalwork. Daniel Sausins, CA

MINCHINHAMPTON, The Knapp, SO 87650131. A detailed magnetometer survey identified short, positive linear anomalies, some with a rectilinear and curvilinear morphology. A number of sub-circular and amorphous discrete positive responses were also located. Although it is possible that some of these features may have an anthropogenic origin, much of the site contained numerous pit-like responses that appeared to be of natural origin. It was not possible to determine if some of the short linear and discrete responses related to anthropogenic or natural features. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

NEWENT, land at Rymes Farm, SO 74602460. In advance of the determination of a planning application for the installation of solar panels an evaluation was carried out. No finds or features of archaeological interest were recorded. David Platt, TVAS

NEWLAND, Clearwell and Stowe Hill quarries, SO 57604680. Evaluation trenching in advance of an application for an extension to the existing quarry recorded linear features and pits of Roman date. The features were found both beneath and cutting colluvial/subsoil deposits. A cluster of features was considered to represent Roman occupation and enclosure. One area of iron production was revealed, and is likely to be of Roman or Anglo-Saxon date. Prehistoric flint flakes were also found. James McNicoll-Norbury, Susan Porter and Andy Taylor, TVAS

ODDINGTON, Oddington House, Lower Oddington, SP 23322590. Archaeological investigations were carried out during the construction of an extension to the existing 17th-century building. Excavation was undertaken within the footprint of the former east wing, built between 1806 and 1813 and demolished c.1870 prior to the construction of a replacement wing in the same location. Further evaluation found the top of robbing for a probable original bay to the west wing matching that for the east wing. Tom Rose-Jones and Mark Woodley, JHMS

Oddington House, Lower Oddington, SP 23322590. A building assessment was carried out at Oddington House, a Grade II* Listed Building, during a series of internal alterations. ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 295

The estate at Oddington House is known to have been established by 1442, and the sequence of ownership is documented from the 16th century onwards. It had previously been suggested that the building was of more than one phase, the initial construction dating to c.1600 based on an in situ door of the 17th century. The main east chimney and the north wall of the building, together with some internal walls, are at different angles to the walls on the south side of the building, and it is thus suggested that this earliest phase of c.1600 may actually contain the remains of three sub-phases. The large east chimney stack may have been inserted into an original timber- framed structure, such as a hall. Subsequent to this, the front wall of the building was constructed, slightly out of alignment with the earlier chimney. One of the internal walls possibly dates from this period. A later 16th-century date is suggested here. The next phase saw a westward extension of this building, containing the 17th-century door, and this can be placed c.1609, when William Dearne obtained the property. Excavations have revealed the remains of an earlier east wing, possibly constructed at the end of the 17th century. The arrangement of the west cellar may also indicate that there was a shorter west wing established parallel to the first east wing. The east wing may have been nothing more than a cattle byre at this time. In the 18th century, perhaps c.1740, the east wing was partially dismantled and the area between the two wings built over. A butt joint in the east wall is indicative of there being a 2½-storey structure on the site. No gable is evident, so the roof may have been hipped. Around 1780 the house was taken over by Sir John and Lady Reade, and it is from this date that the extensive remodelling of the house probably commenced. The main range was probably reworked before Sir John’s death in 1789 to create a nine-bay south façade. Subsequent to this the second east wing was added and the west wing was remodelled, both of which were completed 1806–13, and are shown on an image of 1824. Bryant’s map of 1824 shows the structure as a rectangular edifice, but a sale catalogue of 1848 shows considerable building work had taken place to the north of the main house. It is thus apparent that the north wing, the stable block and a now- demolished block that ran between the two, enclosing most of a northern courtyard, were added between 1824 and 1848 (dated from cartographic evidence). The east wing and part of the north range of the building was demolished c.1870. It is apparent that the northern building on the courtyard was also demolished about this time, that a north porch was added and that the south end of the west wing must have been remodelled. The structure was remodelled internally in the 20th century. Stephen Yeates, JMHS

OLDBURY-ON-SEVERN, Matilda House, ST 60999266. A watching brief during the excavation of an electricity cable trench revealed no archaeological deposits. Raymond K. Ducker, BWA

PILNING AND SEVERN BEACH, Church Lane, ST 53778490. An evaluation comprising the excavation of 22 trenches revealed a soil layer at depth within the alluvial sequence containing a single medieval sherd. Raymond K. Ducker, BWA

Severn View Industrial Park, Central Avenue, ST 53838321. The excavation of storm water pipe trenches and a 20 m-long pit for two large tanks was observed. Varying depths of modern made ground overlay vestiges of the remnant topsoil, beneath which was the natural, stiff grey alluvial clay. However, in the pit, as well as thick deposits of alluvial clay, two thin layers of peat were recorded at depths of 2.5 and 5.6 m. Analysis of a sample taken from the lower of the two peat 296 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 layers provided a conventional date of 4410 +/- 30 BP, indicating that the deposit had been laid down during the late Neolithic or early Bronze Age. Tim Longman, BaRAS

Severnside pipeline diversion, ST 55508250. A geoarchaeological survey was undertaken to provide baseline data on the nature of the sedimentary sequences across the area. A bedrock ridge to the north of the proposed pipeline route was identified where Roman archaeology has been previously located directly to east and west. Towards the south, the bedrock was recorded dropping to a depth of 14 m within a deeply incised valley that was infilled with interbedded clayey sands, potentially representing a former route or branch of the River Severn. Even though the bedrock ridge later became buried during the onset of alluviation over the area, it appears to have continued to affect sediment deposition and creek formation within the marsh throughout the Holocene. It may have been a significant influence on the location of later Roman settlement within the Avonmouth Levels. The overlying Middle Wentlooge sequence consisted of a series of minerogenic bluish/greenish grey clay-silts interstratified with peat and organic deposits between –1 m and +4 m OD. This sequence represents a phase of rising and fluctuating sea level during the Neolithic and Bronze Age. The overlying upper sequence consisted of a large parcel of oxidized reddish structureless grey silty clays with a weathered upper surface with root voids. The surface of these deposits was between +5.24 m and +5.54 m OD and represents the level at which archaeological features were identified previously within the distribution park to the north-east. No archaeological features or finds of significance were identified during the survey, but further exploration will be required in order to assess fully the archaeological potential of the proposed pipeline route. Liz Stafford, OA

QUEDGELEY, St James’ Close, SO 80811423. A programme of archaeological field evaluation, consisting of five trenches, was undertaken prior to a proposed residential development. A desk- based assessment had highlighted the proximity of the site to the course of the Roman road between Gloucester (Glevum) and the port of Sea Mills (Abonae), as well as its location within the core of the medieval settlement of Quedgeley. However, the only features identified were a shallow ditch and posthole of a modern date, located close to the extant building. No evidence for the Roman road was found, although it is possible that previous ground disturbance may have removed any remains. Following the archaeological field evaluation, a programme of building recording was undertaken on the Old Coach House, a derelict building in the south-east corner of the site. The recording, supported by further detailed documentary research, identified three distinct phases of construction ranging broadly in date from the early 19th century up to the late 20th century. BA

Land at Waterwells Drive, SO 81511259. Land intended for development as a steelworks and associated offices was evaluated. No archaeological features or deposits were encountered. Cai Mason, WA

RODMARTON, land north of Knight’s Furlong Plantation, Tarlton, ST 96949838. A detailed magnetometer survey was carried out within a small area of land intended for the construction of an agricultural lagoon. The results of the survey revealed two positive linear anomalies and discrete responses that lay to the east of the development area; they may indicate the presence of ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 297 pits and ditches, although their origin is uncertain. Evidence for agricultural activity and also a zone of naturally-formed pit-like responses have also been located. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

SEVENHAMPTON, land at Home Farm equestrian centre, Brockhampton, SO 94022673. A geophysical survey, followed by an evaluation, identified four ring ditches and the associated finds assemblage suggests that these were probably parts of roundhouses dating to the late prehistoric period. Some phasing was evident, since two of the ring ditches were intercut. Other ditches contained middle Iron Age pottery. It is unclear whether or not the settlement was enclosed. At least two phases of ridge and furrow cultivation were also found. Peter Busby, CA

SEVERN VALE, National Mapping Programme (NMP). Following completion of the project (which commenced in 2013: AR 38) the results have been disseminated to Historic Environment Records (HERs) and the final report submitted for publication on the Historic England website. The project completes NMP coverage of (modern) Gloucestershire, and included an area of South Gloucestershire to the north and north-east of Bristol. From information on aerial photographs, 729 new archaeological sites were recorded and 524 existing records were updated. Scheduled Monuments were rapidly assessed to review interpretation and location and to identify potential management issues. Two major archaeological themes emerged from the project: earthworks relating to medieval and post-medieval agriculture, and evidence of military and industrial activities during the Second World War. The project recorded a relative paucity of subsurface or cropmark features, although other archaeological techniques and HER records demonstrate that such remains are distributed widely over the survey area. Aerial reconnaissance would be likely to identify further such sites as agricultural earthworks continue to be levelled, revealing evidence of subsurface features. Steve Crowther and Amanda Adams, GCCAS

SHERBORNE, Woeful Lake Farm, SO 15511312. Further geophysical surveys were carried out, comprising a resistivity survey over a bowl barrow (a Scheduled Monument), and a gradiometer survey over part of the adjacent area covered by resistivity surveys in 2011 and 2013 (AR 36 and 38). A network of probable ditches and enclosures was revealed in the Roman settlement area. Ann Maxwell, GA

SIDDINGTON, Dryleaze Farm, SU 03309850. The eighth and ninth phases of archaeological excavation opened another 7 ha of the site. In these areas, the features revealed included an early Bronze Age ring ditch, and Roman field systems and a trackway. The trackway is part of a route previously identified in Area 7 to the north and east, and in Areas 1 and 5 to the south. It appears to have been in use from the Roman to the medieval and post-medieval periods; in the latter period it was known as Black Pitts Road and was present on the early enclosure maps. TVAS

Worms Farm, SU 04679965. An extensive geophysical survey was carried out over five fields covering 17 ha. Several previously unrecorded features were identified, comprising field boundaries, ring ditches and enclosures, linear features, possible pits and structures. Most of these features date to the Iron Age and Roman periods. Mike McQueen and John Samways, Wilts AFG 298 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

SOUTH CERNEY, Cerney Wick Farm, SU 06609570. The most recent work on this quarry site revealed, below narrow ridge and furrow, continuations of the regular field boundaries of probable Roman date previously recorded. A final phase of fieldwork is anticipated in 2016. David Platt, TVAS

STOKE GIFFORD, Cheswick Village, Long Down Avenue, ST 61257767. A watching brief was maintained during groundworks associated with the construction of a residential care home. No archaeological remains were observed. Andrew King, WA

Stoke Gifford transport link, ST 63327991 (north) to ST 62747873 (south). An archaeological evaluation along the route of the proposed transport link revealed a handful of features, all relating to a medieval and later agricultural landscape. Andrew King, WA

STOKE ORCHARD, land off Banady Lane, SO 92302820. After a geophysical survey and evaluation completed the previous year, three 30×30 m areas were excavated within a field lying to the south of Banady Lane. The areas were focused on the site of a Quaker Meeting House, the supposed remains of a post-medieval barn and some undated pits located during the evaluation. The floor plan of the Meeting House remained intact, suggesting that it was a simple, three- roomed, single-storey structure, surrounded by a stone path, and was linked by two further paths to Banady Lane to the north. The barn area, which comprised a series of stone surfaces, was found to have been heavily disturbed by the deposition of stone for a static caravan subsequently situated in the same location. Thomas Wellicome, ALI

Land at Oxley Farm, SO 92282911. Evaluation recorded several ring ditches dating to the middle Iron Age. They appeared too large to have been parts of roundhouses, and it is possible that they were associated with the corralling of livestock. Two large rectilinear enclosures, two shallow ring ditches and a small number of pits were also found, although these were undated. The results of the fieldwork corroborate those of a preceding geophysical survey, which identified a dense concentration of features in the east of the site, although remains not recorded by the geophysical survey were also present. Christopher Leonard, CA

STONEHOUSE, Bond’s Mill channel, River Frome, SO 79560501. An archaeological watching brief during the geotechnical investigation of a relict palaeochannel identified evidence that the palaeochannel was active in the post-medieval period. It probably fell into disuse and underwent sedimentation over the last 200 years, becoming progressively full of dumped modern rubbish up until at least the middle of the 20th century. C. Longford, HA

TAYNTON, Taynton Parva, SO 74812293. Superficial works for the installation of a badger exclusion zone within the medieval motte and inner bailey area of Taynton Parva Scheduled Monument were monitored. The small pottery assemblage recovered comprised mostly coarseware of the mid to late 12th century; no glazed wares were identified. Andrew King, WA ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 299

TETBURY, land west of Cirencester Road, ST 90009409. A detailed magnetometer survey indicated the presence of a broad positive linear response that appeared to relate to a 2.5 m-wide ditch, with a second conjoined ditch leading towards the east. A moderately enhanced discrete anomaly close to the ditches may have been a pit containing burnt material. Several other weakly positive discrete and linear responses have been located, and although some of the linear responses may relate to agricultural activity, it is not clear if others relate to pits or ditches. Large amounts of magnetic debris were also located, particularly around the periphery of the site. It is likely that this material is modern in origin and associated with dumped soil or ground consolidation. Kerry Donaldson and David Sabin, AS

Land west of Cirencester Road, ST 89909400. Following on from a geophysical survey (see above), eight evaluation trenches were opened. While most of the site appeared to be archaeologically sterile, a single north-west to south-east Roman ditch, containing occasional sherds of 2nd- century wares, was located in the northern end of the site. Thomas Wellicome, ALI

TEWKESBURY, north side of the abbey nave, SO 89043246. An archaeological watching brief was maintained during excavations to install new lighting to the north side of the nave. A narrow, shallow trench was hand-excavated for the electricity cable, with four small pits adjacent for the light pillars. Graveyard soils were recorded, with rubble and ceramic finds being more common in the northern part of the trench. The southern part of the trench was on ground which had been reduced in level during the later 19th century, and here, in contrast, much more disarticulated human bone was found. All the bone was re-buried during the excavations. Three pieces of medieval floor tile were found, one with most of its encaustic motif intact. A useful group of 16th- to 18th-century pottery was also found, most of it from the trench on the higher ground. KH

Abbey rose garden, SO 89073242. Three small trenches were excavated mainly by hand in the rose garden, to the south of the nave, to assess survival of archaeological deposits in this area. Elements of the abbey’s medieval cloister were revealed. A clay layer at the base of Trenches 1 and 3 appeared to represent a deliberate deposit (rather than naturally derived alluvium), perhaps to prepare and level up the cloister area. A masonry structure was found in Trench 2; it may have been part of a cloister lavatorium. A sand bedding layer found throughout Trench 3 would have been the bedding for a floor, and was most probably within the west cloister walk. Pieces of decorated 13th-century medieval floor tile were among the finds, which were otherwise predominantly of late medieval to early post-medieval date. Most of them came from rubble deposits overlying the medieval structure and layers, and represented demolition of monastic buildings in the aftermath of the Dissolution. The evaluation also showed that the rubble layers were sealed by thick layers of later overburden. KH

Abbey House, SO 88973239. A watching brief was undertaken during the hand-digging of five test pits and the machine excavation of a shallow service trench for a new gas supply for Abbey House, within the Tewkesbury abbey Scheduled Monument. An 18th- to 19th-century brick- lined well, two post-medieval stone features (possibly a garden wall and gatepost base of later 17th- to 18th-century date) and a medieval/post-medieval cobbled surface were recorded in a 300 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 small area between the abbey gatehouse and the boundary wall of Abbey Lodge. Fragments of a late medieval decorated floor tile were also recovered. Andrew King, WA

Land to the rear of 125–6 High Street, SO 89383284. An archaeological field evaluation, consisting of three trenches, was undertaken following the completion of a desk-based assessment of the site. In all three trenches there was considerable disturbance resulting from the construction and demolition of cottages and workshops that had occupied the site in the 19th century and which are shown on the Ordnance Survey 1st edition map of 1885. Evidence of brick cellarage of probable 19th-century date associated with these cottages was noted in all three trenches, including the barrel vault of a cellar. Where later post-medieval disturbance had not occurred, the evaluation also demonstrated the survival of undisturbed medieval or post-medieval garden soils. Trench 3, located in the north- east part of the site, revealed a substantial pit dating to the later medieval or early post-medieval period. In addition to medieval pottery and animal bone, the fill of this feature contained seven sherds of residual Roman pottery of 2nd-century date, including a sherd of samian ware and one of rusticated greyware. The presence of samian ware could indicate high-status occupation, such as that represented by deposits at the Sabrina Cinema site, where painted plaster and opus signinum flooring were also found. BA

The Mythe, SO 89253443. An archaeological evaluation as part of investigations in advance of proposed residential development identified no archaeological features. All of the targeted geophysical anomalies were either land drains or variations in the natural geology. The lack of evidence for the Second World War Nissen huts, known to have been present on the site, suggests that their construction included ephemeral (possibly timber) footings that are likely to have been removed during demolition in the 1950s. Christopher Swales, WA

Vineyards Weir, River Swilgate, SO 88983227. An archaeological watching brief was undertaken in connection with a programme of works to modify the weir and banks to improve fish passage. Vineyards Weir lies within public open space, immediately adjacent to St Mary’s abbey, to the south of the town centre of Tewkesbury. A previous heritage impact assessment (AR 39) concluded that the weir could not be dated; it was not mapped until 1886, but it was possible that medieval building stone may have been re-used in the weir. The weir structure was reduced in height. The removal of the concrete cap revealed fabric comprising various types of sandstone block. These included squared ashlar blocks, with a vertical face, facing upstream and roughly chamfered blocks sloping down towards the water surface, facing downstream. The interior of the weir consisted of roughly-shaped blocks, some with tool marks and several with rounded edges. It is concluded that the weir was constructed from re-used medieval masonry, almost certainly derived from the abbey. Two slots were excavated into the northern bank of the river for the installation of two pre- barrages downstream of the weir, and pollen analysis was undertaken on three samples from one of these sections. Pollen preservation and concentration was variable, but both increased with depth. The initial assessment has revealed evidence of human activity, with areas of disturbed ground, evidence of arable weeds such as cornflower and poppy, and the presence of either hop or hemp. Graham Arnold and Michael Nicholson, WorcsArch ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015 301

THORNBURY, land off Morton Way, ST 64929107. An evaluation uncovered a series of post- medieval boundary ditches, most of which are shown on historic maps. Residual, unstratified artefacts of prehistoric to post-medieval date were also recovered. Andrew King, WA

Oldbury Lane, ST 63429187. A programme of archaeological monitoring and recording was carried out during groundworks within a pipeline easement and compound; a trial pit for a new foul sewer was also monitored. Apart from evidence of ridge and furrow, no archaeological features were identified and no finds were recorded. Orlando Prestidge, COAS

TIDENHAM, Lancaut promontory fort, ST 54139662. A programme of archaeological work was carried out during the installation of a new welcome and orientation board and a new sculpture. There were no archaeological features and no finds. Steve Clarke, MA

Land off Gloucester Road, Tutshill, ST 54479458. An archaeological evaluation undertaken in support of a planning application for a proposed development identified a single potentially significant feature containing an abundance of charred cereal grain relating to Iron Age or later crop production. The feature continued beyond the northern edge of the evaluation trench. A linear earthwork located to the south of the grain-filled feature is considered to mark a change in the geology of the site, and no archaeological material was found in association with it. R. Blackburn, HA

WESTBURY-ON-SEVERN, Elton Road solar farm, SO 66911427. An evaluation identified no significant archaeological remains. Linear anomalies identified by geophysical survey related to field boundaries visible on historic maps. R. Blackburn, HA

WHEATPIECES, land to the rear of John Moore Primary School, SO 92883533. An evaluation, following geophysical survey, identified evidence of a ring ditch and a ditch terminal of probable prehistoric date, together with a later prehistoric ditch. Two undated ditches and plough furrows of probable medieval date were also recorded. A small amount of prehistoric pottery and animal bone was recovered during the investigation. The evaluation corroborated the evidence of the geophysical survey in suggesting that the archaeological remains are of a low density and relatively dispersed. S. Thomson, HA

WICKWAR, Wixoldbury Farm, ST 70138737. An evaluation revealed topsoil overlying natural clay. No archaeological deposits were identified. Bruce Williams, BWA

WILLERSEY, land south of Collin Lane, SP 10153952. An evaluation in advance of proposed residential development recorded well-preserved ridge and furrow, as well as two shallow undated gullies. The site was probably farmland during the medieval and post-medieval periods, with little evidence to suggest earlier activity. Christopher Swales, WA 302 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REVIEW 2015

WINCHCOMBE, Abbey Fields community centre, SP 02102827. A watching brief was carried out during repair works within the Scheduled Monument of Winchcombe abbey. During groundworks adjacent to the front entrance of the community centre, the remains of an earthen bank were identified. The feature is believed to be the continuation of the earthen bank visible as an extant earthwork in the adjacent field, which has been dated to the Anglo-Saxon period or earlier. S. Thomas, HA

WINDRUSH, church of St Peter, SP 19331304. An investigation was undertaken to explore the causes of the subsidence in the church floor, in particular whether this might be due to the presence of burials or vaults. Three small trial pits were excavated against the row of ledgers along the nave (all have been repositioned here), and floorboards were lifted to view the void beneath in several places around the nave, including against the south-west corner of the font. The investigation did not find evidence of burials below floor level, except perhaps for a brickwork wall under (but not belonging to) one of the ledger stones in the central nave aisle. This wall was, however, probably causing much of the movement and cracking in the ledger, because it appeared to act as a pivot- point. Areas of uncompacted ground and localized voids under the ledgers and font may also be giving rise to the movement seen at floor level. Elsewhere, brick sleeper walls and/or ‘staddle stones’ built directly off compact earth fill supported the bearers and joists for the floorboards. KH

WINTERBOURNE, Frenchay hospital, ST 63637779. Twenty evaluation trenches were excavated in the grounds of the former Frenchay hospital. No archaeological deposits or features were identified, although many of the trenches were abandoned because of asbestos contamination. Tim Longman, BaRAS

WOODMANCOTE, Yew Tree Farm, Bushcombe Lane, SO 97232765. Following an evaluation in 2014 (AR 39), geotechnical trenching was monitored and a test pitting investigation was undertaken to determine the extent of a Mesolithic flint scatter. The investigations showed that the topography of the site had been formed over a long period by the slow accretion of colluvium from the slopes of Nottingham Hill to the north-east. This dynamic process had resulted in Mesolithic, Roman and medieval remains being displaced. The Mesolithic flint scatter was therefore revealed not to be in situ, along with the later pottery mixed in with it. Peter Lovett, WorcsArch