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Regulation of Secondary Compounds Synthesis by Photosynthetic Organisms Under Stress Parisa Heydarizadeh

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Regulation of Secondary Compounds Synthesis by Photosynthetic Organisms Under Stress Parisa Heydarizadeh Regulation of secondary compounds synthesis by photosynthetic organisms under stress Parisa Heydarizadeh To cite this version: Parisa Heydarizadeh. Regulation of secondary compounds synthesis by photosynthetic organisms under stress. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology. Université du Maine, 2015. English. NNT : 2015LEMA1019. tel-01316536 HAL Id: tel-01316536 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01316536 Submitted on 9 Jun 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Parisa HEYDARIZADEH Mémoire présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’Université du Maine sous le label de L’Université Nantes Angers Le Mans École doctorale: Végétal, Environnement, Nutrition, Alimentation, Mer Discipline: Biologie des Organismes Spécialité: Biologie, Biochimie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Unité de recherche: Mer Molécules Santé Soutenue le 15 décembre 2015 Thèse N: (10) Regulation of secondary compounds synthesis by photosynthetic organisms under stress JURY Rapporteurs: Fabrice FRANCK , Professeur, Université de Liège Jean-Paul CADORET , Managing Directeur, Greensea Biotechnologies Examinateurs: Marc-André SELOSSE, Professeur, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Président du jury) Soulaiman SAKR , Professeur, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National d’Horticulture et de Paysage, Angers Directeur de Thèse: Benoît SCHOEFS , Professeur, Université du Maine, Le Mans Co-encadrantes: Justine MARCHAND , Maître de Conférences, Université du Maine, Le Mans Véronique MARTIN-JEZEQUEL , Chargée de recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique à La Rochelle Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Benoît Schoefs for his patient guidance, encouragement, support and expertise throughout my graduate experience. At many stages in the course of this research project I benefited from his advice, particularly so when exploring new ideas. His positive outlook and confidence in my research inspired me and gave me confidence. His careful editing contributed enormously to the production of this thesis. I would also wish to sincere gratitude to my co-supervisor Dr. Justine Marchand for her constant support, guidance, motivation, advice and confidence. I would like to thank my second co-supervisor Dr. Véronique Martin-Jézéquel for her valuable helps and supports. It would never have been possible for me to take this work to completion without their support and encouragement. I wish to appreciate the member of committee Dr. Jean-Paul Cadoret, Professor Fabrice Franck, Professor Soulaiman Sakr and Professor Marc-André Selosse for their careful editing and endurance. I thank again Dr. Jean-Paul Cadoret and Professor Fabrice Franck to accept to review my thesis. During my Ph.D. work, I benefited greatly from many fruitful discussions with Brigitte Moreau. I cannot forget the valuable helps of her. I would like to thank Wafâa Boureba and Bing Huang for their help in the lab. I have a special thank to Dr. Martine Bertrand and Professor Annick Morant-Manceau, who not only helped me in science, but because of the confidante and also good moments they offered to me. I also wish to thank Fanny Laude-Molina that without her helps my stay in France would not be possible. I wish to say thank to the other people who worked in the lab to progress this thesis, Dr. Ewa Lukomska, Dr. Gaël Bougaran, Dr. Gaëlle Wielgosz and Dr. Aurélie Couzinet. From Iran's side, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Morteza Zahedi for his patient, guidance and support. I would like to extend my sincerest thanks and appreciation to my two co-supervisors Dr. Hosein Zeinali and Dr. Farhad Rejali for their helps and encouragements. I thank Dr. Mohammad reza Sabzalian and Dr. Ehsan Ataii for their help and supports. Furthermore, I appreciate the support of Isfahan University of Technology (IUT). I wish to thank all of those people in both universities, Doctoral school VENAM, Région “Pays de la Loire”, Pres LUNAM, Foreign Office of the Republic of France in which this thesis work could not have been done without their generous assistance and helps. Finally, I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude and speciall thanks to my family specially my father and my mother, my life supporters. 1 Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1 General introduction ................................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 The photosynthetic process in land plants and diatoms ................................................................... 15 1.2 The reorientation of the carbon metabolism toward the production of secondary compounds................................................................................................................................................................... 23 1.3 Influence of light on growth and reorientation of the carbon metabolism ............................... 26 1.4 Reorientation of the carbon metabolism by biotic factors: the case of arbuscular mycorrhizal .................................................................................................................................................................. 28 1.5 Objectives .............................................................................................................................................................. 31 1.6 References ............................................................................................................................................................ 32 I Regulation of secondary metabolites production in Phaeodactylum tricornutum under different light intensities ........................................................................................................................... 43 2 Functional investigations in diatoms need more than a transcriptomic approach ........ 45 2.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................. 45 2.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 46 2.3 Genome sequencing: towards the system’s part list ........................................................................... 47 2.4 From the genome to the biochemical model, or who is connected with whom? .................... 49 2.5 Physiology requires an integrated model taking into account the cellular compartmentalization of the biochemical activities .................................................................................. 50 2.6 Combining several ‘omics’ to generate cell models ............................................................................. 55 2.7 Towards the understanding of metabolic control ............................................................................... 60 2.8 Conclusions and future perspectives ......................................................................................................... 61 2.9 Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................................... 62 2.10 References .......................................................................................................................................................... 62 3 Phaeodactylum metabolism converges to pyruvate formation during growth under different light conditions ........................................................................................................................... 71 3.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................. 71 3.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 72 3.3 Material and methods ...................................................................................................................................... 73 3.3.1 Phaeodactylum tricornutum .................................................................................................................. 73 3.3.2 Experiment strategy and sampling .................................................................................................... 74 3.3.3 Growth determination of microalgae................................................................................................ 75 3.3.4 Pigment extraction ................................................................................................................................... 75 3.3.5 Photosynthetic and respiratory activity, PI-curve ...................................................................... 75 3.3.6 Chlorophyll fluorescence yield measurement ..............................................................................
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