DOCSLIB.ORG

Southern Southwestern Madagascan Vegetation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Southern Southwestern Madagascan Vegetation Plant Formations in the Southern and Southwestern Madagascan BioProvince Peter Martin Rhind Southern and Southwestern Madagascan Spiny Forest These forests are probably more accurately described as thorn-scrub since they normally grows to no more than about 6 m tall, but often include a scattering of emergent trees growing to about 10 m high. Otherwise there is no stratification and many stands are virtually impenetrable. The most distinctive elements are members of the near endemic family Didiereaceae and arborescent species of Euphorbia. The family includes four genera and twelve species - Didierea (D. madagascariensis and D. trollii), Alluaudia (six species), Alluaudiopsis (two species) and the montypic genus Decaryia (D. madagascariensis). Alluaudia ascendens and A. procera reach heights of 8m but most others are smaller than this. Of the Euphorbia species many are endemic and include several that have caducous leaves and green fleshy stems. One of the most abundant of these is the spiny endemic Euphorbia stenoclada (Euphorbiaceae), which can grow to a height of 10 m or more. The emergent trees include a few island endemics such as Adansonia fony, A. za (Malvaceae), Dicoma incana, D. carbonaria (Asteraceae) and Tetrapterocarpon geayi (Fabaceae). These forests are very rich in species but species composition varies greatly from place to place. Important woody plants often include the endemic or near endemics genera Megistostegium (Malvaceae) and Uncarina (Rubiaceae), the endemic species Rhigozum madagascariensis (Bignoniaceae), together with many endemic species of Acacia, Commiphora, Dichrostachys, Iphione, Cadaba, Sclerocarya, and the endemic palm Dypsis decaryi (Arecaceae). As expected, many of the taxa, such as Allaudia, Didierea, Mimosa and Pachypodium, have abundant spines. Lianas are numerous but rather small and include several endemic members of the Asclepiadaceae. Examples include species of Adenia, leafless species of Cissus, and species of the endemic genus Xerosicyos (Cucurbitaceae) with their thick fleshy leaves. The ground flora is usually sparse but may include tufts of the endemic grass Humbertochloa bambusiuscula (Poaceae) together with endemic succulent species of Aloe (such as the rare Aloe suzannae), Euphorbia, Senecio and Notonia. Further information required. References Chapman, V. J. 1977. Africa B - the remainder of Africa. In: Ecosystems of the World 1 - Wet Coastal Ecosystems. Ed. V. J. Chapman. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. Buam, D. A. 1996. The ecology and conservation of the baobabs of Madagascar. In: Ecology of tropical dry forests in Madagascar. Eds. J. U. Ganzhorn and P. J. Sorg. Primate Ecology 46: 311-327. Dorr, L. J. & Oliver, E. G. H. 1999. New taxa, names, and combinations in Erica (Ericaceae-Ericoideae) from Madagascar and the Comora Islands. Adansonia, ser. 3. 21(1): 75-91. Good, R. 1950. Madagascar and New Caledonia - a problem in plant geography. Blumea, 6: 470-490. Copyright © 2010 Peter Martin Rhind Goodman, S. M. 1996. A floral and faunal inventory of the eastern slopes of the Reserve Naturale Integrale d' Andringitra, Madagascar. Fieldana: Zoology, N. S. No. 85: 1-319. Goodman, S. M. & Benstead, J. P. (eds). 2003. The Natural History of Madagascar. The University of Chicago Press. Humbert, H. 1962. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores - Composees. Tomes 1-3. Typographie Firmin-Didot. Jolly, A., Oberle, P. & Albignac, R. 1984. Key Environments Madagascar. Pergamon Press. Menaut, J. C. 1983. The Vegetation of the African Savannas. In: Ecosystems of the World 13 - Tropical Savannas. Ed. F. Bourliere. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. Rakotonirina 1996. Composition and structure of the dry forests on sandy soils near Morondava. In: Ecology of tropical dry forests in Madagascar. Eds. J. U. Ganzhorn and P. J. Sorg. Primate Ecology 46: 311-327. Rauh, W. 1979. Problems of biological conservation in Madagascar. In: Plants and Islands. Ed. D. Bramwell. Academic Press. Rauh, W. 1986. Arid region of Madagascar. In: Ecosystems of the World 12B - Hot Deserts and Arid Shrubland, B. Eds. M. Evenari, I. Noy-Meir and D. W. Goodall. Elsevier. Renvoize, S. A. 1979. The origins of Indian Ocean Island floras. In: Plants and Islands. Ed. D. Bramwell. Academic Press. Schatz, G. E. 2001. Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and Missouri Botanical Gardens. White, F. 1983. The Vegetation of Africa. UNESCO. Wild, H. 1975. Phytogeography and Gondwanaland position of Madagascar. Boissiera, 24: 107-117. Copyright © 2010 Peter Martin Rhind .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar
    The Red List of Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar Emily Beech, Malin Rivers, Sylvie Andriambololonera, Faranirina Lantoarisoa, Helene Ralimanana, Solofo Rakotoarisoa, Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet & Vololoniaina Jeannoda Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. © 2020 Botanic Gardens Conservation International ISBN-10: 978-1-905164-75-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-75-2 Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Recommended citation: Beech, E., Rivers, M., Andriambololonera, S., Lantoarisoa, F., Ralimanana, H., Rakotoarisoa, S., Ramarosandratana, A.V., Barstow, M., Davies, K., Hills, BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) R., Marfleet, K. and Jeannoda, V. (2020). Red List of is the world’s largest plant conservation network, comprising more than Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar. BGCI. Richmond, UK. 500 botanic gardens in over 100 countries, and provides the secretariat to AUTHORS the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. BGCI was established in 1987 Sylvie Andriambololonera and and is a registered charity with offices in the UK, US, China and Kenya. Faranirina Lantoarisoa: Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Program Helene Ralimanana and Solofo Rakotoarisoa: Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana: University of Antananarivo (Plant Biology and Ecology Department) THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP (GTSG) forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 Emily Beech, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet and Malin Rivers: BGCI volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture Végétative Et Structures Inflorescentielles Chez Les Didiereaceae De Madagascar
    Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 61, 381 - 400 Architecture végétative et structures inflorescentielles chez les Didiereaceae de Madagascar Par GEORGESCREMERS * et YVES SELL* * (Avec 7 figures) Reçu le 21 Novembre 1985 Zusammenf assuiig Der vegetative Aufbau der Didiereaceen erscheint als sehr mannigfaltig, da sich die 8 untersuchten Arten, 4 Modellen (denen von CORNER,von LEEUWENBERG,von KORmA, und von CHAMPAGNAT)zuordnen lassen, während die komplexe Organisation zweier weiterer Arten nicht einem der zur Zeit beschriebenen Modelle zugeordnet werden konnte. Andererseits ist bei den durch Kurztriebe hervorgebrachten Infloreszenzstrukturen der Thyrsus die fundamentale Blüheinheit. Dieser ist geschlossen (monotel, 4 Arten) oder offen (polytel oder trunkat-monotel? 2 Arten); seine Aggregation in eine dolden- artige, mehr oder weniger bliitenarme Infloreszenz wird bei 5 Arten beobachtet. Das sukzessive Aufblühen, von den ruhenden, ganz an der Basis der Kurztriebe gelegenen Knospen bedingt, wurde bei 7 Arten festgestellt. Abstract The vegetative organization of Didiereaceae seems highly diverse, since of the 8 species studied, 4 models (those of CORNER,LEEUWENBERG, KORIBA and CHAMPAGNAT) were identified, but the complex organization of 2 did not correspond to any of the models so far described. As regards the inflorescence structures established by the short shoots, thyrse is the main flowering unit. It can be either definite (monotelic, 4 species) or indefinite (polytelic or truncate-monotelic?, 2 species), and in 5 species it forms an ombel-like cluster more or less poor in flowers. Gradual flowering, due to rest buds at the very bases of the short shoots, is encountered in 7 species. * Centre ORSTOM, BP 165, 93 323 Cayenne; Guyane Francaise. ** Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67 O00 Strasbourg.
    [Show full text]
  • Nyffeler Taxon 2010 V.Pdf
    Nyffeler, R; Eggli, U (2010). Disintegrating Portulacaceae: a new familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data. Taxon, 59(1):227-240. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Taxon 2010, 59(1):227-240. Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2010 Disintegrating Portulacaceae: a new familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data Nyffeler, R; Eggli, U Nyffeler, R; Eggli, U (2010). Disintegrating Portulacaceae: a new familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data. Taxon, 59(1):227-240. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Taxon 2010, 59(1):227-240. Disintegrating Portulacaceae: a new familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae (Caryophyllales) based on molecular and morphological data Abstract Traditional classifications of the suborder Portulacineae recognize six families: Basellaceae, Cactaceae, Didiereaceae, Halophytaceae, Hectorellaceae, and Portulacaceae. However, phylogenetic analyses based on molecular sequence data indicate that the traditional family Portulacaceae is paraphyletic and consists of three distinct lineages that also include Cactaceae, Didiereaceae, and Hectorellaceae. We use sequence data from the chloroplast genes matK and ndhF representing 64 species of Portulacineae and outgroups to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships with Bayesian and maximum parsimony inference methods. Evidence from these molecular phylogenetic analyses as well as from comparative morphological investigations allow us to propose a revised familial classification of the suborder Portulacineae.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Spectacularly Spiny Alluaudias
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Two spectacularly spiny alluaudias Journal Item How to cite: Walker, Colin (2019). Two spectacularly spiny alluaudias. New Zealand Cactus & Succulent Journal, 72(3) pp. 5–8. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c [not recorded] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Two spectacularly spiny alluaudias by Colin C. Walker My plants in the UK are kept in a conservatory and these are Introducing Alluaudia summer growers when I water Alluaudia belongs to the them modestly. In the winter Didiereaceae, a very small family when they are leafless I keep them of succulents encompassing just at least 10oC and give them an 22 species in 7 genera (The Plant occasional water. List, 2019). Until about a decade Flowers are rarely produced in ago this family was considered pot culture since many of the to be endemic to Madagascar. plants need to get quite large However, recent molecular before reaching flowering size. evidence has resulted in So these plants are not grown for expansion of the family to include their outstanding flowers (which three genera from southern are somewhat insignificant if Africa (7 species of Ceraria and 2 flowering is achieved)! species of Portulacaria) and north- east tropical Africa (2 species of There are just 6 species of Calyptrotheca).
    [Show full text]
  • Disparity, Diversity, and Duplications in the Caryophyllales
    Research Disparity, diversity, and duplications in the Caryophyllales Stephen A. Smith1, Joseph W. Brown1, Ya Yang2, Riva Bruenn3, Chloe P. Drummond3, Samuel F. Brockington4, Joseph F. Walker1, Noah Last2, Norman A. Douglas3 and Michael J. Moore3 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; 2Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1445 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; 3Department of Biology, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074-1097, USA; 4Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK Summary Author for correspondence: The role played by whole genome duplication (WGD) in plant evolution is actively debated. Stephen A. Smith WGDs have been associated with advantages such as superior colonization, various adapta- Tel: +1 734 615 5510 tions, and increased effective population size. However, the lack of a comprehensive mapping Email: [email protected] of WGDs within a major plant clade has led to uncertainty regarding the potential association Received: 30 May 2017 of WGDs and higher diversification rates. Accepted: 28 July 2017 Using seven chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal genes, we constructed a phylogeny of 5036 species of Caryophyllales, representing nearly half of the extant species. We phylogenetically New Phytologist (2017) mapped putative WGDs as identified from analyses on transcriptomic and genomic data and doi: 10.1111/nph.14772 analyzed these in conjunction with shifts in climatic occupancy and lineage diversification rate. Thirteen putative WGDs and 27 diversification shifts could be mapped onto the phylogeny. Key words: Caryophyllales, climatic occupancy, diversification rates, duplications, Of these, four WGDs were concurrent with diversification shifts, with other diversification phylogenomics.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Backbone for the Global Synthesis of Species Diversity in the Angiosperm Order Caryophyllales
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales Hernández-Ledesma, Patricia; Berendsohn, Walter G; Borsch, Thomas; Mering, Sabine Von; Akhani, Hossein; Arias, Salvador; Castañeda-Noa, Idelfonso; Eggli, Urs; Eriksson, Roger; Flores-Olvera, Hilda; Fuentes-Bazán, Susy; Kadereit, Gudrun; Klak, Cornelia; Korotkova, Nadja; Nyffeler, Reto; Ocampo, Gilberto; Ochoterena, Helga; Oxelman, Bengt; Rabeler, Richard K; Sanchez, Adriana; Schlumpberger, Boris O; Uotila, Pertti Abstract: The Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12500 species in 39 families. A taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. A detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. The process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new families (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. As a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the Families and genera of vascular plants” series. A checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. Notes indicate how extensively the respective genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context.
    [Show full text]
  • Dryland Tree Data for the Southwest Region of Madagascar: Alpha-Level
    Article in press — Early view MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 1 3 | ISSUE 01 — 201 8 PAGE 1 ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/1 0.431 4/mcd.v1 3i1 .7 Dryland tree data for the Southwest region of Madagascar: alpha-level data can support policy decisions for conserving and restoring ecosystems of arid and semiarid regions James C. AronsonI,II, Peter B. PhillipsonI,III, Edouard Le Correspondence: Floc'hII, Tantely RaminosoaIV James C. Aronson Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 631 66-0299, USA Email: ja4201 [email protected] ABSTRACT RÉSUMÉ We present an eco-geographical dataset of the 355 tree species Nous présentons un ensemble de données éco-géographiques (1 56 genera, 55 families) found in the driest coastal portion of the sur les 355 espèces d’arbres (1 56 genres, 55 familles) présentes spiny forest-thickets of southwestern Madagascar. This coastal dans les fourrés et forêts épineux de la frange côtière aride et strip harbors one of the richest and most endangered dryland tree semiaride du Sud-ouest de Madagascar. Cette région possède un floras in the world, both in terms of overall species diversity and des assemblages d’arbres de climat sec les plus riches (en termes of endemism. After describing the biophysical and socio-eco- de diversité spécifique et d’endémisme), et les plus menacés au nomic setting of this semiarid coastal region, we discuss this re- monde. Après une description du cadre biophysique et de la situ- gion’s diverse and rich tree flora in the context of the recent ation socio-économique de cette région, nous présentons cette expansion of the protected area network in Madagascar and the flore régionale dans le contexte de la récente expansion du growing engagement and commitment to ecological restoration.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunday, June 17 — 2:00 Pm Phinney Neighborhood Center Growing
    June 2018 Seattle, Washington Sunday, June 17 2:00 pm — Phinney Neighborhood Center Change in Program! Growing Caudex Plants Peter Liekkio Come and join CCSS member Peter Liekkio as he describes techniques on how to grow plants with fat swollen stems. - Also known as a caudiciform. A caudex is large stem- trunk which is raised up and grows above ground. Phanerophytes have above-ground caudices while hemicryptophytes have below-ground caudices. Many collectors will plant shallowly to show more of the caudex and make an interesting display. Let’s get ready for TOPSS! Karen Summers will provide information on preparing plants for sale at The Odd Plant Show and Sale in September. It’s the right time to start potting up your plants and determining what you will sell or show. Display by Adrain Saunders for the 2013 TOPPS Cactus of the Month Succulent of the Month Echinobivia 'Rainbow bursts' Alluaudia Ascendens presented by Karen Summers presented by Chelsea Seydlitz A hybrid cross of Echinopsis and Lobivia species Endemic to Madagascar this plant is in the turned out an easy to care for plant with large and didiereaceae family. Best for greenhouse grow- vividly colored flowers. Needs frost protection! ing as it will loose leaves below 50° and not survive below freezing temperatures. Should you have one or more of the SOM or COM plants, please bring the plant with you to the June meeting. CASCADE CACTUS & SUCCULENT SOCIETY of Washington State www.cascadecss.org Meeting Minutes of April 15 News from our Members: President Ed Jackson opened the meeting 2:15p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Spine
    CENTRAL SPINE NEWSLETTER OF THE CE N TRAL ARIZO N A CA C TUS & SU cc ULE N T SO C IETY AN AFFILI A TE OF THE Cac TUS & SU cc ULENT SO C IETY OF AMERI ca ON THE WEB A T www .C ENTR A L A RIZON acac TUS .ORG July, 2009 IN THIS ISSUE: • Messing with the Mesembs: Visiting their Habitat - Cliff Fielding • In My Garden: Agave attenuata - Susan Tyrrel • Around My (or Your) Desert Garden - Bob Torrest FFI C ERS President: Steve2009 Plath C ................................ACSS O 623-238-3342 JULY SPEAKER [email protected] Explorations of The Northern Cape in South Africa - Part I Vice-President: Lee Brownson ............... 480-951-4945 Featuring: Doug Dawson [email protected] When: Sunday, July 26th, 2 pm Secretary: Lois Schneberger................... 480-946-8373 Where: Dorrance Hall, Desert Botanical Garden [email protected] Treasurer: Wayne Whipple ..................... 480-460-3623 [email protected] BOARD OF DIRE C TORS TERMS ENDING 12/2009 Doug Dawson ............................................... 480-893-1207 dawsonlithops@ hotmail.com Leo Martin .................................................... 602-852-9714 [email protected] Steve Martinez ............................................. 602-688-4339 [email protected] Cynthia Robinson ....................................... 602-615-2261 [email protected] TERMS ENDING 12/2010 Gard Roper .................................................... 602-996-9745 Central Arizona Cactus & Succulent Society [email protected] Plant-of-the-Month Selection - a.k.a. Mini Show Ingrid Swenson ............................................ 602-957-9865 [email protected] July ............................ Personal favorite - anything Rick Rosenberg ............................................480-483-5630 August ................... Copiapoa ....................... Fouquieriaceae, [email protected] Didiereaceae Cheryl Brown ................................................480-664-9409 [email protected] OMMITTEES Programs 2009 & Workshops CA ............................CSS C Lee Brownson Publications & Publicity ...........................
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of the Portulacaceous Cohort Wendy Linn Applequist Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1999 Molecular phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort Wendy Linn Applequist Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons, and the Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Applequist, Wendy Linn, "Molecular phylogeny of the portulacaceous cohort " (1999). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 12438. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/12438 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at tine upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Rowlandn Davis 2010 (693.75 KB PDF)
    DAVIS EXPEDITION FUND REPORT ON EXPEDITION / PROJECT Expedition/Project Title: Project Angavo, Madagascar 2010 Travel Dates: 8/7/2010 - 20/9/2010 Location: Angavo, southeastern Madagascar Group Members: Ninette Dawn Rowland, Sarah Dowling, Laura Coulier, Holly McKnight, Euan Innes To conduct a systematic botanical, avifaunal, lemur and Aims: relative disturbance survey across the core conservation zone of the Angavo Protected Area. The study will collect data on the species richness, population densities and levels of disturbance across the area. Outcome (not less than 300 words):- The island of Madagascar is internationally reknown for its ecological riches. It exhibits some of the highest levels of endemism in the world across a diverse range of taxa groups. However these same species and their habitats are threatened by increasingly destructive human activities and there is a growing concern that this will cause the habitats to become irrepairably degraded and that species diversity will decline. The majority of forest habitats have not been well studied, in fact much is still being learned about the precise levels of endemism and biodiversity in Madagascar. This is especially true in the the southern regions of the island where the landscape is drier and arguably less favourable for research. This is the context in which this multidisciplinary study of botanical, avifaunal and lemur biodiversity was undertaken. The forest of Angavo is located at the border between the communes of Antanimora (to the North) and Ambohimalaza (to the South). The habitats include dry deciduous forests, mountain scrub and xerophytic scrub which survive in the harsh conditions. The elevation levels range between 200m and 380m.
    [Show full text]
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Inferred from Sequences of Four Mitochondrial Genes 1Yin-Long QIU∗ 1Libo LI 1Bin WANG 1,2Jia-Yu XUE 1Tory A
    Journal of Systematics and Evolution 48 (6): 391–425 (2010) doi: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00097.x Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from sequences of four mitochondrial genes 1Yin-Long QIU∗ 1Libo LI 1Bin WANG 1,2Jia-Yu XUE 1Tory A. HENDRY 1Rui-Qi LI 1Joseph W. BROWN 1Ya n g L I U 1Geordan T. HUDSON 3Zhi-Duan CHEN 1(Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA) 2(School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China) 3(Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) Abstract An angiosperm phylogeny was reconstructed in a maximum likelihood analysis of sequences of four mitochondrial genes, atp1, matR, nad5, and rps3, from 380 species that represent 376 genera and 296 families of seed plants. It is largely congruent with the phylogeny of angiosperms reconstructed from chloroplast genes atpB, matK, and rbcL, and nuclear 18S rDNA. The basalmost lineage consists of Amborella and Nymphaeales (including Hydatellaceae). Austrobaileyales follow this clade and are sister to the mesangiosperms, which include Chloranthaceae, Ceratophyllum, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. With the exception of Chloranthaceae being sister to Ceratophyllum, relationships among these five lineages are not well supported. In eudicots, Ranunculales, Sabiales, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales, Gunnerales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Berberidopsidales, and Dilleniales form a basal grade of lines that diverged before the diversification of rosids and asterids. Within rosids, the COM (Celastrales–Oxalidales–Malpighiales) clade is sister to malvids (or rosid II), instead of to the nitrogen-fixing clade as found in all previous large-scale molecular analyses of angiosperms. Santalales and Caryophyllales are members of an expanded asterid clade.
    [Show full text]