Data for an Archaeozoological Analysis of Marine Resource Use in Two New Zealand Study Areas (Revised Edition)

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Data for an Archaeozoological Analysis of Marine Resource Use in Two New Zealand Study Areas (Revised Edition) Data for an Archaeozoological Analysis of Marine Resource Use in Two New Zealand Study Areas (Revised edition) Ian Smith and Tiffany James-Lee December 2010 Otago Archaeological Laboratory Report: Number 7 Otago Archaeological Laboratory, Anthropology Department, University of Otago www.otago.ac.nz/anthropology/anth/publications/OALR/ Preface This is a revised edition of Otago Archaeological Laboratory Report No 6, which corrects several errors in the data compiled in the Appendices. It also clarified some aspects of the protocols used in data compilation, and updates data reporting by incorporating the most recent revisions in taxonomic nomenclature. Contents Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Study Areas and Time Frames ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Method �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Greater Hauraki Sites ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Otago-Catlins Sites ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 Data Summaries ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 References Cited �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 Appendix 1: Radiocarbon dates from the study sites ����������������������������������������������������������������� 30 Appendix 2: Shellfish from Greater Hauraki study assemblages �������������������������������������������� 43 2.1 Early Period ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 2.2 Early/Middle Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 46 2.3 Middle Period ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49 2.4 Middle/Late Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 52 2.5 Late Period ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 55 Appendix 3: Finfish from Greater Hauraki study assemblages................................................ 57 3.1 Early Period ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 57 3.2 Early/Middle Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 58 3.3 Middle Period ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59 3.4 Middle/Late Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 60 3.5 Late Period ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 61 Appendix 4: Birds from Greater Hauraki study assemblages ��������������������������������������������������� 62 4.1 Early period ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 62 4.2 Early/Middle Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 64 4.3 Middle, Middle/Late, and Late Periods ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 65 Appendix 5: Mammals in Greater Hauraki study assemblages ����������������������������������������������� 66 Appendix 6: Shellfish from Otago-Catlins Study Assemblages �������������������������������������������� 67 6.1 Early Period ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 67 6.2 Early/Middle Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 69 6.3 Middle and Middle/Late Periods ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 71 6.4 Late Period ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 72 Appendix 7: Finfish from Otago-Catlins study assemblages ��������������������������������������������������� 73 7.1 Early Period ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 73 7.2 Early/Middle Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 73 7.3 Middle and Middle/Late Periods ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 74 7.4 Late Period ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 74 Appendix 8: Birds from Otago-Catlins study assemblages ������������������������������������������������������ 75 8.1 Early Period ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 75 8.2 Early/Middle Period �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 78 8.3 Middle, and Middle/Late Periods ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 80 8.4 Late Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 82 Appendix 9: Mammals from Otago-Catlins study assemblages ��������������������������������������������� 83 9.1 Early Period ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 83 9.2 Early/Middle Period ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 84 9.3 Middle, and Middle/Late Periods ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 85 9.4 Late Period ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 85 1 Introduction This report compiles data for a review of archaeozoological evidence of human use of marine resources in two New Zealand study areas. The review is intended to assist in understanding the nature and causes of changes in coastal and marine shelf ecosystems over the timescale of human occupation. It is part of a broader collaborative project that is attempting to use knowledge of the past to improve future fisheries management. Led by Alison McDiarmid of NIWA, the scope of this project is summarised by its title — Taking Stock : Long-term effects of climate variation and human impacts on the structure and functioning of New Zealand marine shelf ecosystems (McDiarmid n.d.: 8-9). This sets out to build mass balance models of current coastal and marine shelf ecosystems in two study areas, and then for ca 60 years ago (before modern industrial fishing), 250ya (before European whaling and sealing), 450 ya (about the middle of the Maori period of occupation), 600ya (soon after Maori arrival in New Zealand) and 1000 ya (before human settlement) (Figure 1). Archaeological data are of particular
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