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Entomologische Blätter Und Coleoptera Entomologische Blätter und Coleoptera Ent. Bl. Col. (2020) 116: 001 - 027 ISSN 0013-8835 © Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Heinz Peks OHG The late Cretaceous amber Eucnemidae fossils from Myanmar JYRKI MUONA Abstract Eight new genera and twenty new species of Eucnemidae are described from Cretaceous Myanmar amber: Cupressicharis n. gen. (type-spe- cies Cupressicharis elongatus n. sp.), Cylus n. gen. (type species Cylus carinifer n. sp.), Falsothambus n. gen. (type species Falsothambus burmensis n. sp.). Fiegelia n. gen. (type species Fiegelia antennata n. sp.), Paleoeucnemis n. gen. (type species Paleoeucnemis minutus n. sp.), Protomicrorhagus n. gen. (type species Protomicrorhagus antennatus n. sp.), Protovitellius n. gen. (type species Protovitellius deceptus n. sp,) and Pseudomyall n. gen. (type species Pseudomyall elongatulus n. sp). Eleven further species are described: Coenomana brevicornis n. sp., Euryptychus acutangulus n. sp., Euryptychus burmensis n. sp, Euryptychus elegantulus n. sp., Euryptychus mysticus n. sp, Epiphanis burmensis n. sp., Falsothambus gracilicornis n. sp., Fiegelia tarsalis n. sp., Jenibuntor pusillus n. sp., Myall burmensis n. sp., Protomicrorhagus brevis n. sp, Sieglindea antiqua n. sp. Coenomana clavata Otto is transferred from tribe Jenibuntorini to tribe Dirhagini. Muonabuntor grandinotalis Li , Tihelka & Cai is trans- ferred from tribe Jenibuntorini to tribe Euryptychini. Introduction MUONA et al. (2020b) discussed the evidence needed Burmese amber samples with Eucnemidae inclusions for placing a fossil clicking Elateroidea species in a this far. A study of this material provides a first exten- correct family. The main thing to consider was that sive view of the composition of the false click-beetle Eucnemidae (MUONA, 1993a; LAWRENCE ET AL., 2007; fauna 99 million years ago. This first installment of MUONA & TERÄVÄINEN, 2020a), Cerophytidae (YU ET the material is limited to twenty species category taxa AL., 2019) and Throscidae (MUONA, 2019) have ex- as more than half of the samples require further tech- ternal synapomorphies supporting the monophyly nical work. of these clades. Elateridae on the other hand cannot Two Eucnemidae species have been described from be defined with external synapomorphies, but their Myanmar material earlier (OTTO, 2019: LI et al., 2020). monophyly is supported by Maximum Average Like- Their status is discussed here as well. lihood analyses of molecular data (e.g. KUNDRATA ET AL., 2014). Thus, a fossil can be classified as being an Material and methods Elateridae only if the synapomorphies of the three other families are not present. As long as this situ- All the samples originated from the Hukawng Valley, ation obtains, the identification of Elateridae fossils northern Myanmar and belong to the author’s collec- remains difficult. tion (JMC), currently located in the Finnish Muse- This paper deals with Mesozoic amber Eucnemidae um of Natural History, Helsinki University, Finland fossils from deposits in Myanmar, often known also (MZH). as Burmese amber (CRUICKSHANK & KO, 2007). These Specimens were screened with a binocular micro- have become available in considerable numbers during scope under variable magnifications and lightning the last decade and clicking Elateroidea are frequent regimes. Samples were secured in different psoition in the material. As the offerings rarely separate the with a small piece of modelling clay before inspection. Elateroidea families from each other, it is possible to Once the required features had been observed, the get a rough idea of their frequencies in the material. samples were taken to a microscope facility providing Specimens belonging to Eucnemidae and Elateridae video equipment for obtaining images. Image stack- are frequent, Cerophytidae less so and the rarest ones ing was not used as the required angles usually were are the Throscidae. The author has obtained about 60 hampered by problematic areas of unequal amber 2 JYRKI MUONA densities and single shots seemed to work better. The apically to a1, labrum attached underneath the fron- features searched for were in approximate order: ex- toclypeal region, hidden. cretory punctures on elytral apices placed in J-formed Palaeoxeninae synapomorphies: a9 – a11 forming deeper grooves (OTTO & GRUBER, 2016; MUONA & flattened club with apically concave antennomeres. TERÄVÄINEN, 2010a); number of protibial spines (MU- Diagnostic other Palaeoxeninae characters: pro- ONA, 1993a); basal and apical structure of antennae tibiae with two apical spines, antennal insertions in (MUONA, 1993a); type and visibility of labrum (MU- pits, widely separated, mandibles long and slender, ONA, 1993a); presence and type of antennal grooves meso- and metatibiae with numerous irregular spine- (MUONA, 1993a; Muona, 2019); structure of tibiae combs on lateral surfaces. and tibial spine combs (MUONA, 1993a); presence and type of sex-combs on protarsomere one (MUONA, Description 1993a) as well as presence of dorsal carinae on pro- notum. If structures placing the sample in a presently Body slender (figs. 1, 2). Dorsum obfuscated, ventrum accepted Eucnemidae subfamily were found, tribal partly as well, pro-mesocoxal region slightly visible synapomorphies presented in MUONA (1993a) were and head, mouthparts, antennae and all legs well ex- searched for next. posed (fig. 3). Labrum hidden under frontoclypeal re- The descriptions focus in evolutionary essential gion, mandibles long and slender. Antennae attached features, i.e. synapomorphies of categorical rank in widely apart, loosely composed, with three-segmented question, and no attempt were made to describe all flattened club, a9 – a11 apically excavated, a2 attached possible details of the species. After all, most of the subapically to a1 (fig. 3). Protibiae with two apical species are known from singletons in less than perfect spines (fig. 5), meso- and metatibiae with strong irreg- condition. Special attention is drawn to characters ular spine-combs, tarsomeres stout, tubular, ventrally conflicting with the structures found in extant puta- densely covered with stout hairs, apically with several tive relatives. Such new character combinations ne- short spines, claws elongate, simple (fig. 4). cessitate a new global analysis of all the taxa in order to assess their evolutionary importance, i.e. whether Cupressicharis elongatus new species they are synapomorphies or not. No such analyses were attempted at this time as new Burmese fossil Derivation of name: body form elongate, narrower taxa keep turning up all the time. Recovery of new than other Palaeoxeninae species. specimens of already known species is very rare, how- ever, indicating that our knowledge of the whole fau- Holotype na is still inadequate. Sex unknown, embedded in oval, flat amber piece, In order to keep the descriptions short and clear, 32 mm x 23 mm. Much of the amber is clouded by beim † und ‡ etwa gleic the following terms have been abbreviated: scape, ped- debris. icel and nine flagellomeres are referred to as antenno- meres a1-a11. Description Systematic paleontology Form slender, legs and antennae long. Characterized by the generic features. Length 6.5 mm. Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 Note Although much of the sample remains obscure, Superfamily Elateroidea LEACH, 1815 Palaeoxeninae apomorhy as well as other typical ex- Family Eucnemidae ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1829 ternal characters for this subfamily can be observed. Subfamily Palaeoxeninae MUONA, 1993a From the only previously known genus, Palaeoxenus Horn, Cupressicharis differs sharply by narrower Genus Cupressicharis new genus form, elongated legs and loosely organized antennae. Type species: Cupressicharis elongatus new species Superfamily Elateroidea LEACH, 1815 Derivation of name: assumed to be connected Family Eucnemidae ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1829 with ancient Cupressaceae trees, indicating “to love Subfamily Eucneminae ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1829 cypresses”, gender masculine. Tribe Dyscharacthini MUONA, 1993a Diagnosis (tentatively) Elateroidea synapomorphy: promesothoracic clicking Cylus new genus mechanism present. Eucnemidae synapomorphies: a2 attached sub- Type species: Cylus carinifer new species The late Cretaceous amber Eucnemidae fossils from Myanmar 3 Derivation of name: formed by rearranging the let- Diagnosis ters of the generic name Lycus (family Lycidae), having similar kind of surface structure, gender masculine. Highly characteristic due to the dorsal surface struc- ture in combination with the clicking mechanism and Diagnosis antennal structure described for the genus. Elateroidea synapomorphy: promesothoracic clicking Description mechanism present (figs. 7, 8). Eucnemidae synapomorphies: a2 attached subapi- Both dorsum and ventrum densely and fairly strong- cally to a1, labrum attached ventrally to clypeus, part- ly punctate, eyes large, occiput narrow, conspicuously ly visible (fig. 8), abdominal ventrites connate, elytral widening toward mouth, metacoxal plates sharply an- interstices with excretory pores at apex (fig. 6). gled close mid-line, about three time as wide there as Features suggesting Eucneminae: antennal at sides. grooves basally closed, metaventrite with medial tarsal Length 3.9 mm. grooves, meso- and metatibiae without spine-combs. Note Features suggesting Dyscharachthini: fronto- This genus differs from all previously known Euc- clypeal region with strong lateral ridges, hypomera nemidae by its peculiar dorsal structure. The presence without sensory pits or hair-fringes, antennae with of strong striae with large punctures
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