1958 CONGRESSIONAl. RECORD- HOUSE 2947 By Mr. FASCELL: of certain aliens; to the Committee on the 442. By Mr. HESS: Petition of Mrs. Dan H. R. 11026. A bill for the relief of Rosa Judiciary. Shannon and many other citizens of Cin Angarica; to the Committ .ee on the Judici By Mr. LANE: cinnati, Ohio, asking for the passage of a. ary. H. Res. 489. Resolution providing for send change-of-venue law in regard to obscene By Mr. GUBSER: ing the bill H. R. 8728 and accompanying and pornographic literature; to the Com H. R. 11027. A bill for the relief of Eric and papers to the Court of Claims; to the Com mittee on the Judiciary. Ida Mae Hjerpe; to the Committee on the mittee on the Judiciary. 443. By Mr. HILLINGS: Petition of Mrs. Judiciary. James W. Redfern, Jr., of Azusa, Calif., and 588 other citizens of the 25th Congressional ByMr:MORANO: PETITIONS, ETC. District of California urging support of leg H. R. 11028. A bill for the relief of Liselotte islation to prohibit the transportation of Santorelli; to the Committee on the Judi Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions alcoholic beverage advertising in interstate ciary. and papers were laid on·the Clerk's desk commerce and its broadcasting over the air; H. R. 11029. A bill for the relief of Antonio and referred as follows: to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Garcia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 439. By Mr. BUSH: Petition of Renovo, Commerce. By Mr. NIMTZ: Pa., Aerie No. 516, Fraternal Order of Eagles, 444. By Mr. KING: Petition of Mrs. Della. H. R. 11030. A bill for the relief of Miss Yun urging enactment of legislation to eliminate Painter, Inglewood, Calif., and constituents YuLee; to the Committee on the Judiciary. age discrimination in employment as an of the 17th Congressional District of Cali By Mr. RIEHLMAN: unwarranted practice which is depriving fornia urging support to remove the adver H. R. 11031. A bill for the relief of Janusz many thousands of physically sound, skilled, tising of alcoholic beverage from our homes; Kurylko; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and experienced workers of the means of a to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. RODINO: livelihood, and which is resulting in a tragic Commerce. H. R. 11032. A bill for the relief of Luis waste of manpower in the American econ 445. By Mr. NIMTZ: Petition of Mrs. For Trillo Carreira; to the Committee on the omy; to the Committee on the Judiciary. rest Marsh and 24 other citizens of South Judiciary. 440. Also, petition of Anthony J. Tedesco Bend and Mishawaka, Ind., expressing oppo By Mr. WALTER: and other citizens of Columbia County, Pa., sition to any system of paid television; to H. J. Res. 551. Joint resolution for the re urging favorable action on a bill to grant the Committee on Interstate and Foreign lief of certain aliens; to the Committee on pensions for all veterans of World War I; to Commerce. the Judiciary. the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. 446. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the sec H. J. Res. 552. Joint resolution to facilitate 441. By Mr. CRETELLA: Resolution of retary, governors' conference, Chicago, Ill., the admission into the United States of cer Torrington Republican Town Committee, of relative to a resolution adopted at the gov tain aliens; to the Committee on the Judi Torrington, Conn., stating opposition to the ernors' conference held at Colorado Springs, ciary. proposed legislation about to be considered Colo., on February 24, 1958, requesting nec H. J. Res. 553. Joint resolution to waive by the Congress pertaining to reciprocal essary action to maintain the strength of certain provisions of section 212 (a) of the trade agreements; to the Committee on the Army National Guard at the 400,000-man Immigration and Nationality Act in behalf Ways and Means. level; to the Committee on Armed Services.
EXTENSIONS OF R.EMARKS Salute to the Czech People positive contribution to stability and world the Czech ·people both here and in their peace. ancestral home for the resolute and sacrificial Then came the Nazi wave to strangle that struggle whi_ch they are waging in the noble EXTENSION OF REMARKS independence and place the iron heel of cause of human freedom. OF despotism upon the Czech people. At the end of World War II, the Republic of Czecho slovakia was restored, and a government Hon. EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN which was administered by a coalition of OF ILLINOIS independent political parties was established. Oregon Beef Candy IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES But the Communist cancer was at work. Slowly, silently, and relentlessly this de EXTENSION OF REMARKS Wednesday, February 26, 1958 structive force operated through the police OF Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. President, I ask force, the Security Corps, and the Ministries of Finance and Agriculture. unanimous consent to have printed in In February of 1948-10 years ago this HON. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, a statement month-the new Republic had been so weak OF OREGON entitled "Salute to the Czech People." ened that the subversive Communist forces IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES There being no objection, the state within and without compelled the surrender ment was ordered to be printed in the of the democratic elements in the Republic Wednesday, February 26, 1958 RECORD, as follows: and a. new government under Communist domination was established. Every instru Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, on SALUTE TO THE CzECH PEOPLE ment for the safeguarding of individual February 25 it was my privilege to serve Towering over the Moldava. in the once right&-the press, the schools, the courts, the as senatorial sponsor for the distribution Golden City of Prague in Czechoslovakia Parliament--were purged and became organs of beef candy from Oregon to the tables stands a. concrete statue of Josef Stalin. It for totalitarian control. Thus was another in the Senate dining room, and to Mem- is 120 feet high. bastion of liberty liquidated. bers of the Senate at their offices. It is perhaps the largest monument to The loss was not quite total. The tragedy Many compliments have been received human slavery, oppression, and dictatorship of Czechoslovakia awakened a. prudent fear from my colleagues regarding this deli- ever erected by human hands. It is an im in the free world. Three months later, in pressive and ever present reminder of an May of 1948, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, cacy from the great Pacific Northwest. arrogant, aggressive tyranny which has liqui Holland, and Luxembourg signed a mutual Beef candy is the result of a process dated freedom wherever it has spread and assistance pact for collective defense against developed by Mr. and Mrs. Ed Coles, of which has extinguished the hopes of hun Communist encroachment. Less than a year Prineville, Oreg., on the high grazing dreds of millions of hum.an beings who have later, the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza plateau of the central portion of our become enmeshed in this poisonous web. tion came into being, with the United States lovely State. Dehydrated beef is the Only 10 short years ago, Czechoslovakia. as a. member. became the victim of this conspiratorial tyr Monstrous as the tragedy of Czechoslo base for a delicious and nutritious anny. Through treachery at home and the vakia. was, it generated a vigilance among sweetmeat. aid of Red Communist forces, directed from free nations and a sense of concern in free Actual presentation of the beef candy Moscow, the lamp of liberty and independ men that must and will express itself in the from Oregon was under the personal ence was snuffed out for a. happy, liberty ;form of eternal hostility toward this brutal auspices of some of my guests from Ore- loving people. and degrading concept of communism. And gon: Mrs. David Campbell, of Bly; Mrs. After the forces, which were generated in there can be no easy conscience in the cita Frank Obenchain, of Bly; Mrs. Henry C. the crucible o:f World War I, had tumbled dels of free men until at long last the thrall so many monarchial despotisms in Europe, dom of the Czech people has been ended Gerber, of Klamath Falls; Mrs. Julian the brave young state of Czechoslovakia. and their right of self-determination and Arrien, of Vale, and Miss Margaret Ger- which had been established as a. democracy, freedom has been restored. ber, of Klamath Falls. They and their struggled ever so valiantly to preserve its On this the lOth anniversary of the black families were likewise my guests at newly won independence and make a. truly out of Czech independence, let us salute luncheon in the Senate dining room. 2948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE February 26 Because many Senators have asked me support our American-flag fleet has received ices generally, includ-ing domestic and other about the actual ingredients and prep. under authority of the Merchant Marine Act segments of the oceangoing merchant ma of 1936. Our globe-encircling cargo fleet has rine. aration of our beef candy, I ask unani· been able to survive, and continues as one The facts throw a more accurate light on mous consent that a statement from my of our strongest links to the free world the situation than the lines in the Barron's office, dated February 25, 1958, .be in· through support by Government assistance article th'at say, "The trouble is that Con eluded in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. in the form of parity payments to offset low gress has been steering by a faulty compass, There being no objection, the state· cost foreign competition. the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as ment was ordered to be printed in the I bring this to your attention today be amended;" and later stating: "handouts RECORD, as follows: cause of a recent article in Barron's, a na from Washington have kept the Stars and tional business and financial weekly, which Stripes waving over certain so-called essen Senators were treated to sweetmeats today I believe misinterprets the policies and denies tial water routes." Such extravagant. lan when the Oregon Cow-Belles, auxiliary of the soundness of the 1936 act. The article guage adds nothing to honest consideration the oregon Cattlemen's Association, distrib tends to confuse the reader as to the straight <;>f maritime policy. uted high-protein beef candy on Capitol course the act is steering to assure our coun A further statement, or, rather, misstate Hill. try economic prosperity and defensive ment, in the article is to the effect that the Senator RICHARD L. NEUBERGER, of Oregon, strength through an adequate merchant Maritime Administration is proposing to ex arranged for the Cow-Belles to distribute marine. pand the cost of the subsidy program and the confection in Senate dining rooms as a The article was entitled "Faulty Compass- that there will be, and I quote, "A great means of publicizing a new potential market The United States Needs a New Shipping and useless drain on the public purse." for beef products. The distribution was han Policy." In referring to the National Mari It might be said that this uesless drain dled by Mrs. Dave Campbell, Bly, Oreg., time Union (AFL-CIO), it stated that the doesn't add up to a drip when one is truly president of the Cow-Belle delegation; Mrs. NMU long has been riding buoyantly on a sea knowledgeable as to how these subsidies Frank Obenchain; Mrs. Henry C. Gerber, of Fed(;lral subsidy. To keep both captain work. Subsidies awarded contract lines Klamath Falls; Mrs. Julian Arrien, Vale; and crew afloat in recent years has cost the simply help make up the difference between Margaret Gerber, also of Klamath Falls. T.he taxpayer heavily. I say this is not so. Sta high American costs and low-wage foreign Cow-Belles were accompanied. by their hus- tistics compiled for me by the Committee competition. The operating and construc bands. , of American Steamship Lines, representing tion differential subsidies requests made by Mrs. Campbell disclosed that the beef the 14 subsidized lines, show that during the President in his budget message to Con candy was the result of a process developed the 10-year period from 1946 through 1955, gress are to provide that equalizer. Ad by Mr. and Mrs. Ed Coles, of Prineville. The 85 percent of net operating subsidy costs mittedly, 80 percent of the operating differ process combined dehydrated beef with paid out by the Government have been off ential goes to equalize the pay of ship sweets. Fresh beef contains approximately set by Federal income taxes paid in by the crews. All of the construction subsidy pay 17 percent protein and 60 to 65 percent mois shipping companies and their employees, in ments go to the shipyards. This is a prod ture. By removing the moisture from the cluding the members of the seamen's unions. uct of our superior living standard. We fresh beef, the resulting dehydrated beef as And this does not take into account the tax must have these subsidies or scrap our fleet used in this candy contains approximately returns, and the economic benefits to the in favor of having our country's products 56 percent protein, or about 3 times as much many industries, and their thousands of carried under foreign flag. This would no·t protein as in fresh beef. This candy con employees, which service the subsidized ves only knock the props from under the $5.3 tains 25 percent dehydrated beef, which sels, keep them in repair, etcetera. billion economic contribution annually makes an ounce of the product the approxi What a s:q1all price to pay for a ticket to made by the merchant marine, but would mate equivalent animal protein of three survival. Gen. Nathan F. Twining, Chair force us to rely on foreign cargo fleets in fourths of an ounce of fresh beef. The high man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has time of war, which history has proved to be animal protein content of this candy not summed up that importance very clearly. a reef-strewn course to follow. only assures quick but also lasting energy. He has said that in case of a surprise and Barron's also surprises me with the state Before arrival of the Cow-Belles, Senator devastating nuclear attack that might ment that "shipping subsidies, whether for NEUBERGER had urged the Department of the knock out land transportation the merchant construction or operation, have not served Army to study inclusion of the high-protein marine's availability to ply the great high the national interest." Again a realistic product in military rations. The Army re way of the seas with strategic materials and record of the lines operating under operating ported that the Quartermaster Corps tech foodstuffs might well be the one source of subsidy agreements will refute this. It is nologists were familiar with this product and free world strength to pluck victory from impressive. Here are some of their achieve have in fact made some suggestions to the chaos. ments. manufacturers on ingredients and formula The Barron's article also stated that, and 1. They represent a combined net worth of tions for its improvement and have tested I quote, "The Government, acting through $558.7 million in 1955 compared with less some of the sample products. the Maritime Administration, gradually has than $79 million in 1937. Thus the 1938 act, The Oregon Senator was informed that extended its control over the (shipping) in and prudent management, have strength Army food experts would follow development dustry." Again, this is not a correct state ened the industry as was intended. of the candy so that prompt application can ment. An underlying theme of the 1936 act 2. A fleet of 304 highly competitive vessels be made if the need should arise. was that this important industry was to be are engaged today in cargo and passenger built on private enterprise-and there has services from all major United States ports, been no change to the contrary. What it providing some 35,000 seafaring jobs, roughly adds up to is a unique Government-industry half the total on United States ships. The American Merchant Marine partnership. In essence, the Government is 3. A record of 16,509 voyages sailed in the paying for a service. The 14 contract lines, 10-year period, 1947-56, with combined to qualify for subsidy payments, must travel mileage equal to 8,000 trips around the EXTENSION OF REMARKS the 34 essential trade routes that are part Equator. OF of the partnership bargain, on regular sched 4. Contractual commitments to build ules, thus assuring our country's products, about 200 new ships over the next 10 to 12 HON. WARREN G. MAGNUSON industrial and agricultural, free and regu years. OF WASHINGTON lar access to the markets of all the world. Subsidy as a fleet preservation measure The United States has become an island becomes even more important when one IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES in a world made painfully small by swish looks toward Russia. The Reds are fast Wednesday, February 26, 1958 ing earth satellites and long-range guided building up their merchant marine and the missiles. These 34 trade routes have proven Soviet economic offensive has moved into Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I to be the very lifelines in and out of this high gear. The recent Afro-Asian People's ask unanimous consent to have printed country when it comes to taking homemade Solidarity Conference in Cairo clearly indi in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a stat• products overseas and returning with vital cates the direction of future Soviet bloc ment which I have prepared dealing with raw materials and other goods our country economic effort. the American merchant marine. lacks. OUr regular and dependable liner At the end of 1957, the State Department There being no objection, the state· service on these routes has helped develop issued a statement about Russia's economic ment was ordered to be printed in the trade for major coastal areas. Not only penetration, which said, in part: "In the last have United States-flag carriers contributed 2¥2 years the Soviet bloc has made agreements RECORD, as follows: to this but their service has forced compet with 10 underdeveloped nations to provide . As my colleagues in the Senate know, I ing foreign-flag ships to offer improved them with $1.5 billion.in economic aid. • • • have frequently made known my views on services. American-flag service on essential United States economic aid to the 10 coun the American merchant marine, with stress trade routes has had a stabilizing effect on tries over the same period is estimated at on its great econgmic importance in do freight rate structures, with enormous sav $900,000...... mestic and world trade and its value as this ings to importers and exporters, particularly Barron's points out that, as time goes on, Nation's fourth arm of defense. in periods of national emergency. Develop subsidy costs will mount sharply, adding: Our continuing role as a maritime leader ment of ports on all coasts has benefited "For at the urging-and with the financial in the Free World 1s due in large part to the farmers, industry and transportation serv- support-of the Maritime Administration. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2949 the major United States shipping lines all Nation's most illustrious sons. I was · California Teamwork have embarked on a massive replacement of deeply moved when I received the sad their fleets. The Government, of course, will f.oot part of the bill directly... What news that Mr. David Warren had passed EXTENSION OF REMARKS on. A fine citizen and an outstanding Barron's did not stress is that the major OF investment will be by private enterprise. newspaperman has been removed from What the Barron's article also ignored com our midst and countless friends mourn HON. PATRICK J. BILLINGS pletely was the enormous advantage accru his passing. OF CALIFORNIA ing to our Government in the event of war Mr. Warren was born in Missouri, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or sudden emergency, from the fact that was a graduate of the University of Mis these subsidized vessels represent a fleet in souri School of Journalism. His news Wednesday, February 26,1958 being-they will be available to the military at once, in time of urgent need. paper career began in Texas in 1918 as Mr. HILLINGS. Mr. Speaker, I don't In World War II victory was delayed many a reporter on the staff of the Amarillo believe the remarkable demonstration months, and casualties undoubtedly greatly Daily News and the Daily Panhandle, of teamwork within the California Con increased, because we lacked cargo vessels later becoming managing editor and gressional delegation over the years and passenger ships to service our farfl.ung serving in that capacity until 1926 when should pass unnoticed. battle stations. Every merchant vessel now he founded the Borger News-Herald. The California Congressional delega in active service-every cargo and passenger ;He was chairman of the Panhandle tion, which is composed of representa vessel constructed under the current vessel banks and for many years publisher of tives of both political parties, is the replacement program which the Barron's the Panhandle Herald and Borger News only delegation in Congress to meet on a article disparages, will be so much added relatively regular basis to handle non insurance that the United States w1ll have Herald which he sold in recent years. available in the future an adequate number He also controlled a string of news partisan problems that frequently con of potential military auxiliaries for any need. papers in the Panhandle of Texas and front our rapidly growing State and And the Government will get these vessels eastern New Mexico, but had disposed of require attention at the Congressional at peacetime cost, depreciated-not at fan these to give more time to his personal level. tastic wartime costs, as was the case in affairs. This teamwork has not only produced World Wars I and II. He had served as president of the unity on these matters within the dele The long-range ship replacement program Texas Press Association and the Pan gation of 30 members and two senators which all of us-Congress, the. administra- · handle Press Association, and for many but also has provided a spirit of good tion, and industry-have worked so hard to fellowship and cooperation. develop is termed by Barron's as massive years was on the board of regents of the replacement. Evidently Barron's is out University of Texas. He was honored The end result has been that the dele raged by the size of the program but this is many times in Texas and in his native gation, meeting on a bipartisan basis, just what we need. The 1936 act states that State of Missouri. He received the dis has tackled and solved nonpartisan all ships of the contract lines must be re tinguished service award of the Uni problems that could not possibly have placed by new vessels at the end of 20 years. versity of Missouri Alumni Association been handled if left to individual Repre Most of the subsidized fleet's ships were built in 1956, and previously, the Missouri sentatives and Senators. during World War II and are fast approach honor award for distinguished service I think probably the best and most ing the 20-year age. If the lines waited until in journalism was bestowed upon him. recent demonstration of this teamwork the closing manths of this agreement there resulted in the assignment of con would be such a race and scramble to build He was president of the Missouri Jour ships that our yards could not handle the nalism Association in 1954-55, and his siderable new ship construction work to orders and there would result what is com most recent recognition was a plaque private yards at San Pedro, San Diego, monly known as block obsolescense. Inci naming him honorary member of the and San Francisco. dentally, it is worthy to note that there were Missouri State Historical Society, 1 of Working together for the assignment 1,569 freighters under construction last year only 11 to receive that honor. of new ship construction to California in foreign nations. Not one was being built Warren was a life member of the yards, practically dormant since World in the United States. In contrast, the Presi War II, were Republicans and Demo dent's budget only proposes the building of Texas State Historical Society and had been president of the Panhandle-Plains crats. I think, if history is traced, the 17 or 18 new ships. award of contracts to the yards at San Barron's concluded that, "For what ails Historical Society. The American Asso American shipping is not too little Govern ciation for State and Local History in Pedro, San Diego and San Francisco ment, but too much. For the good of its 1950 presented him with the associa culminates almost 10 years of effort by merchant marine and its own best interests, tion's award of merit in ceremonies held our Representatives and Senators. the United States would do well to change at the University of Texas. Gov. Price After World War II, you will recall, helmsmen and try a different tack." Prior Daniel appointed him member of the our California shipyards virtually died to the 1936 act our maritime policy suffered on the vine for lack of work after meet from too many helmsmen and too frequent Governor's committee to make plans for ing a tremendous challenge by turning changes of course. the observance of the 75th anniversary out hundreds of oceangoing vessels for Any other tack than the one we are now of the University of Texas. His life was on might well prove disastrous. Subsidy is a full and generous one, marked with our wartime commerce, and troop trans a form of insurance. Because of it, America success all along the way. port. is able to maintain an efficient fleet of dry Credit for persuading the Maritime Among the newspaper tributes to his Administration and the appropriate com cargo freighters and passenger ships to life and memory ran the theme that was carry out national policies of trade and de mittees of Congress to revive major ship fense-policies reaffirmed by this adminis his outstanding characteristic-and that construction in California yards can ap tration. Without it our high standard of was, that he was a Christian gentleman propriately be given to Senators WILLIAM 11 ving and high costs of doing business would whose life was motivated by the highest F. KNOWLAND and THOMAS H. KUCHEL, literally drive our merchant marine off the principles. Always an idealist, always and Representatives JoHN ALLEN, Oak high seas. working for a better America, he never land Republican; GEORGE MILLER, Ala paused to rest on his laurels. meda Democrat; WILLIAM MAILLIARD, San But Dave left his own monument-a Francisco Republican; JoHN SHELLEY, Mr. David Warren dedicated Christian life founded on San Francisco Democrat; BoB WILSON, character, integrity and ability. He San Diego Republican; CRAIG HOSMER, . never hesitated to stand up for what he Long Beach Republican; CECIL KING, Los EXTENSION OF REMARKS Angeles Democrat, to name a few. OF thought was right. Personally, I held a deep respect and affection for him and I might add there was considerable feel I have lost a good friend. I shall support lent to this group by inland rep HON. WALTER ROGERS resentatives and there should be special OF TEXAS miss him very much and will always re mention given to GORDON McDONOUGH, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vere his memory. May I say to Mrs. Los Angeles Republican, and Representa .. Wednesday, February 26,1958 Warren and the family that although tive HARRY SHEPPARD, Yucaipa Demo these words of mine cannot ease their crat; Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, grief or be of much comfort, I extend They are, respectively, chairman and I have the sad duty to advise this body my deepest sympathy in their sorrow vice chairman of the bipartisan delega . of the passing of one of Texas' and the and great loss. · tion and they probably are the two most 2950 CONGRESSIONAl; RECORD- HOUSE February 2Q cooperative people in Congress to work And so Lincoln rode out the storms df his ciples. It must meet the ·challenges of the with when a specific nonpartisan prob time. The Nation was given that "new times. It must prove capable of solving new breath of freedom" he prayed for so elo problems as they arise. lem comes up that requires delegation quently at the Gettysburg battlefield. With Let us examine, then, the other problems attention and support. the flame undimmed, Lincoln passed on the we face, the other challenges we must meet. torch of liberty and freedom which st1ll Here, as I see it, are the other main objec inspires· and lights the world. tives the National Government must seek to Today we, too, live in th~ midst of alarms. achieve. Address Delivered by Hon. Chapman Rev Scientific discoveries, undreamed of a few 1. A modern defense system that will give years ago, have transformed our lives. this Nation maximum security until effec ercomb, of West Virginia, at Lincoln The Free World is at grips with a slave tive disarmament agreements can be Memorial Dinner world, just as freedom saved slavery in Lin achieved.· coln's time. The fear of enslavement has 2. A free and ·expanding economy-an econ become so strong that Russia's launching of omy capable of supporting our defense EXTENSION OF REMARKS the first earth satellite only ·a few months needs and at the same time providing for an OF ago sent many of our people into a state of ever-increasing standard of living for all hysteria and confusion. Indeed, the whole Americans. HON. CHAPMAN REVERCOMB world was apprehensive. 3. Freedom of the individual-freedom for OF WEST VIRGINIA Lincoln never acted like this in the Na his choice of religion, for his choice of occu IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tion's darkest tragedy. Sorely beset though pation, and in his pursuit of happiness. For he was on every hand, he remained calm, I need not remind you that it is this princi Wednesday, February 26, 1958 firm, clearheaded, and unafraid. ple of individual freedom that has made this Nation the leader of the Free World. Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, I In the circumstances that have confronted this Nation in recent months, we can profit 4. Equality of rights-a principle on ask unanimous consent to have printed a great deal by one of Lincoln's favorite which the Republican Party was founded, in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the re stories about the man who was riding along and which it has pursued throughout the marks I made at Wheeling, W.Va., on a backwoods trail and was caught in a years. CFebruary 8, at the Lincoln memorial din storm. 5. Government assistance in those areas ner held under the auspices of the execu "He kept plodding ahead until his horse where the people cannot help themselves. tive committee and the Republican gave out, and then it grew dark. He had This applies to the aged, the infirm, the Women's Committee of Ohio County, only the lightning to show him the trail. · handicapped. We must never forget that W.Va. The thunder was terrifying, and, when one the Government has a responsibility to care · There being no objection, the address bolt seemed to crash at his feet, he fell on for those who cannot care for themselves. his knees. 'Oh, Lord,' he prayed, 'if it be Let us examine briefly the record of the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, all the same to You, give us a little more Eisenhower administration and see just how as follows: light and a little less noise.' " these objectives are being met. We are assembled here to honor the mem New scientific achievements have been On the question of defense, the Nation is ory of a great American-a statesman whose much in -the news of late. Russia's launch militarily strong-and it is growing stronger wise and courageous leadership transcends ing of the first uncontrolled earth satellite every day. The Soviet satellite has by no political party lines. ga ve rise to fears everywhere. means canceled out our strategic air force, We are gathered to pay tribute to the mem But when we turn a little less noise and a wl'.ich will remain the greatest deterrent to ory of Abraham Lincoln, who belongs to the lit tle more light on sputnik we shall see that attack for a long time to come. It has not peoples of all lands, wherever the spark of there are no reasons for fear and alarm. canceled out our powerful fleet armed with liberty and human freedom burns in the The Soviet satellite gave Russia a propa a wide variety of missiles carrying nuclear breasts of men. ganda advantage, for the moment, in the weapons. In the last tragic moment of Lincoln's life cold war, to be sure. It was a blow to our If attacked by any aggressor nation, we it was said: "Now he belongs to the ages." prestige and a shock to our complacency. are in position to strike back from land, by Therefore, it is proper and fitting that we But tonight, as our own earth satellite sea, in the air, from all directions of the pay homage to a great leader who has been orbits the earth, we know that scientific compass, and with overwhelming force. an inspiration not only to Americans but to progress in America has not been at a stand Let me emphasize, however, that our all people. still. strength is not in armaments alone. I do not come here this evening to tell you We know-and the world knows-that the Lincoln wisely knew that there was 'much that all is well in the world. It is not. We sum total of this Nation's technological and more to national defense than military in live in an era when international tensions productive capacity far exceeds that of Rus stallations. In this regard, he said: are great. We live in the most rapidly changing age in history. We live in a pe sia, and the launching of satellites has not "The bulwark of our liberty and inde riod that gives rise to new and pressing altered America's defense capabilities. pendence is not our frowning battlements, problems. But there are some valuable lessons to be our bristling seacoasts. Our reliance is in However, let me remind you that we live gained from these achievements. the love of liberty which God has planted in us. Our defense is in the spirit which prizes in an age that presents great ch allenges~ The Russian satellite, launched last Octo an age that offers mankind great hopes ber, filled the world with apprehension. The liberty as the heritage of all men, in all hopes of peace, hopes of freedom from fear American satellite, on the other hand, has lands, everywhere." and want. served as a powerful force to allay those fears. And we c'an all be thankful that President Lincoln met the problems of his time with Our Explorer satellite, in my judgment, Eisenhower is equally dedicated to this high courage and resoluteness, with calmness and ~an be used to mark the turning paint in principle. In his state· of the Union mes .compassion. If Lincoln were alive today, the cold war. The world knows that Amer sage, the President said: how would he view the perils and problems ica will not attack any other Nation, how "The world thinks of us as a country that confront the America that he loved? ever secure we insist on being. Our immedi which is strong, but which will never start Looking at the troubled Nation more than ate objective, then, must be to capture the a war. The world also thinks of us as a land 100 years ago, Lincoln observed: heart s and minds of men and utilize nuclear which has never enslaved anyone and which "We live in the midst of alarms; anxiety power to improve the lot of mankind. is animated by humane ideals. This friend beclouds the future; we expect some new The No. 1 objective of our Government ship, based on common ideals, is one of our ·disaster with each newspaper we read." must be .to work for conditions that assure greatest sources of· strength.'' He spoke those words in 1856-at a tragic not only security, but also peace for us and Ladies and gentlemen, the Republican time in history. The very survival of the the world. Some sound course must be Party is dedicated to that objective. We Nation hung in the balance, and with it the found that will bring an end to the arma have preserved peace for the last 5 years. world's greatest hope for liberty and equality. ments race and usher in an era of inter And our goal now is and always must be We know from history that Lincoln did not national understanding. It has been proved to seek conditions in the world that will free panic. He spoke no words of bitterness or time and again that war cannot do this, for people everywhere of the fears and horrors hatred. He was God fearing, but he was not out of each war arises a new division in the of living in an armed camp. afraid of the world's threats. His words of world. As for meeting the new problems unfold calm, clear appraisal rose above the babble Peace, then, is our No. 1 objective. And I ing in this great industrial age, a look at of discordant, hysterical voices, and themes say to you that the Eisenhower adminis the record of the past 5 years reveals many sage he uttered then has real meaning for tration is firmly dedicated to that task. The remarkable accomplishments. us today. He said: .proof of our success to that end may be It is a record of a prosperous Nation with "The dogmas of the quiet past are inade stated simply: No American boys have died new high levels of employment, rising in quate to the stormy present. The occasion in battle since President Eisenhower was in come, and increasing purchasing power. is piled high with difficulty, and we must augurated. · It is a record of more jobs, better incomes, rise with the occasion. As our case is new, If a political party-any political party more homes, more leisure, and more recre so we must think anew, act anew." is to live it must be guided by high prin- ation. -
'1.958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2951 .It is a record of increased productive ·fJiileage Allowance for Rural Letter Collective _Security-Address by Hon. H • capacity. It is a record of renewed confidence by Carriers Alexander Smith, of New Jersey, Be the people that the American way of life will be preserved. fore Woodrow Wilson School of Public When the Eisenhower administration took EXTENSION OF REMARKS and International Affairs, Princeton office ·in 1953; there was a proposed budget OF expenditure of nearly $78 billion for 1954. University There was a deficit of nearly $9Y:z billion for HON. USHER L. BURDICK 1953, and a planned deficit of nearly $10 OF NORTH DAKOTA billion for 1954. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Continuing inflation had reduced the pur IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF chasing power of the dollar to 52 cents. Wednesday, February 26, 1958 That is what the Eisenhower administra HON. CLIFFORD P. CASE tion inherited. What did we do? Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, the OF NEW JERSEY First we reduced and then entirely elimi present mileage allowance of 9 cents per IN: THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES nated deficit spending. Fiscal year 1955 was mile paid to rural letter carriers for use the last year of deficits. Since then we have of their privately owned vehicles to de Wednesday, February 26, 1958 balanced the budget and retired some of the liver the mail was established in 1951. Mr. CASE of New Jersey. Mr. Pres public debt. During the 7 years since that 9 cents per ident, my senior colleague from New At the same time, the American people mile rate was set, all costs of operation, Jersey [Mr. SMITH], made a significant were given a tax reduction, the largest in maintenance, and replacement have history, that has already saved our people address before the Woodrow Wilson nearly $25 billion in taxes. risen sharply. These rising costs are School of Public and International Af The record of this administration's domes well known by all of us who own and fairs, Princeton, N. J., on February 24. tic policies reveals that more people own drive automobiles. The problem has The senior Senator from New Jersey their own homes today than ever before. been more acute to the rural carrier, has made a thoughtful presentation of There are now nearly 30 million home-own however, due to the weather and road the nature of many world problems and ers in America-an increase of 13 percent in conditions he endures and the numerous the interreliance and interdependence of only 4 years. stops to render a full mail service to the the Free World in furthering the cause of The largest industrial expansion in his American rural public. freedom in the face of these obstacles. tory has taken place. Business and industry our individual experience with the I know that it will be of great interest to have spent an all-time high of over $152 billion in new plants and equipment com difference in driving costs between 1951 my colleagues and to the country at pared to $123 billion in the preceding 4 and 1958 -should be all that would be large. I ask unanimous consent that it years. necessary as proof that the increased be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. The gross national product rose to an all costs are a real and positive fact. They There being no objection, the address time high of $439 billion in 1957. have not only greatly increased but are was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Personal income last year jumped to an progressively moving higher each year. as follows: annual rate of approximately $346 billion The rural ' carriers of this country COLLECTIVE SECURITY another all-time record. comprise a devoted group of employees (Address of Senator H. ALEXANDER SMITH, Last year an average of 65 million of our on the public payroll who are rendering Woodrow Wilson School of Public and In people were gainfully employed-an increase a valuable and indispensable service to ternational Affairs, Princeton University, of 3,700,000 in only 4 years. rural America. In my State of North Princeton, February 24, 1958) Average weekly earnings of factory work I am highly appreciative of the honor you ers are at a record high, with the average Dakota, 621 carriers on 6 days of every week make the daily round to deliver the do me in asking me to address you today. weekly pay now $83.20. In 1952, the average My subject is collective security, and cer weekly pay was $69.23. mail including letters, newspapers, and tainly no more appropriate subject, in my Trade unions have the largest membership parcel post, and in addition provide judgment, could have been found for an in history, 18,477,190. Less time has been every postal service to each and every audience in this distinguished school which lost by strikes than at any period in the family right at their mailbox. The more takes it. name after the father of the con last decade. than 30,000 miles of rural delivery routes cept of collective security in American for• Ladies and gentlemen, these are facts in the State of North Dakota causes eign policy. and they will not be drowned out by the these carriers to travel every day on all And I would like to add a very p~rsonal ' gloom and doom critics who would have us kinds of roads and often under weather note. When I was an undergraduate in believe that America is woefully weak m111- Princeton some years ago, Woodrow Wilson tarily and ready to collapse economically. conditions, particularly in the winter, was our favorite professor. This was by vote A business decline set in late last year, it which requires the use of special equip of many successive graduating classes. He is true-and there is no reason to ignore it. ment. These factors take a toll on wear was the inspiration to many of us to study I am convinced, however, that this decline and tear of equipment, increase gasoline law--especially constitutional law, and to will be short lived. The same thing is hap consumption, and cause maintenance feel the urge of public service. I recall well pening now that happened in 1948 and again costs to soar. when Wilson made his speech, famous to all in 1953. We are in a period of readjustment, The testimony of Mr. Ray L. Hulick, Princetonians-Princeton in the Nation's resulting from the vast expansion of the Na Service. Princeton can well point with pride tion's productive capacity. Most economists president of the National Rural Letter to our participation in World Wars I and II, are predicting a business upturn by mid Carriers' Association, graphically illus and more recently to the post-war period- ·year, followed by a period of long, steady trates the extent to which these costs 1945 to today. This record reflects the im growth of the economy as American industry have risen. Tabulation of cost account pact of Woodrow Wilson on the youth of prepares to meet the needs of a growing Na ing sheets of rural carriers as submitted America. tion, increasing in population at the rate of to the Internal Revenue Department, as Early steps over 3 million a year. well as the cost accounting appearing in The idea of collective security did not, of I say to you that the Republican Party is course, originate with Woodrow Wilson. But prepared to meet the challenges of this age. the 1957 report of our Postmaster Gen it was Wilson who first attempted to make it It is prepared to meet the problems of our eral, clearly indicate that the present a cardinal point of American foreign policy. times. cost of equipment maintenance to these If he had succeeded, we would today live in a To do this, however, we must ourselves rural carriers is in excess of 11 cents per far different world. stand united. We must not allow minor dif mile. In his last public words, spoken to a group ferences of programs or policies to blind us to of people gathered outside his house on Arm the great principles on which we are agreed Under these conditions, the rural car istice Day 1923, Wilson delivered a reaffirma and which are vital to the welfare of our rier is required to personally absorb a tion of faith, tinged with bitterness. He State and Nation. portion of the operating cost of his ve said: Not since Lincoln's time has the Repub hicle while performing a duty to which "I cannot refrain from saying it: I am not lican Party faced a greater challenge, or a he is obligated. Such conditions impose one of those who have the least anxiety greater opportunity. We can meet that a financial loss on a Government em about the triumph of the principles I have challenge if we carry home to .the people the stood for. • • • That we shall prevail is as principles we espouse, and 1! we are pre· ployee without just cause. This is cer sure as that God reigns." pared to make the same fight for those prin tainly not intended and should not be It took a Second World War, even ghastller ciples that Abraham Lincoln did. condoned by our legislative body. than the first, plus the evolution of the >
2952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 26- threat from Moscow-the seeds of which were the old but always .pertinent question, Do ness, its mutuality, the sense of working laid during Wilson's administration-to c~:m they serve our national interests? together as equals which it gives Americans, vince the American people of the rightness These a111ances are based on the simple, Turks, Koreans, and all the others. That of Wilson's position. Yet .even now, I am often repeated, and-I hope-well understood WOl,lld be lost if we tried to defend other not entirely sure, and the doubt is a little premise that .we cannot live alone, whether people instead of helping them defend frightening, that we have fully learned the we like it or not. I am sure this audience themselves. lessons of the intervening years. understands that, and I am not going to 3. We can do what we have been doing n bore you with a tedious repetition· of all the that is, supply our allies with the critical· facts which underlie it. I do, howe:ver, want margins of millta'l'y and defense support as The United Nations to emphasize just two points which seem to sistance without which they could not main A quarter century after ·the Senate turned me to be of coJ:l,trolling significance; tain their present levels of military effort. down American participation in the League First, Western Europe, with which we ·are This is the middle course between doing of Nations, it approved, by a vote of 89' to 2, a111ed through NATO, is the biggest reposi nothing, which would be fatal, and trying Ameriean membership in the United Na tory of industrial capacity and technical and to do everything, which would be 'futile. tions. scientific skills outside the United States and It makes good sense to me, and I hope it I was elected to the Senate in the fall the Soviet Union. At the time NATO was makes good sense to you, too. of 1944; 1945 was my first full year.· That organized in 1949, it was argued that if v year saw V-E Day and V-J Day and the Western Europe fell under Soviet domina setting up of the United Nations. The tion, the Soviets would be raised to a par The neutral or uncommitted countries proudest moment of my early Senate career with the United States in the matter of in Let us look now at the neutral or uncom was my participataion in· approval of mem dustrial capacity and technical and scien mitted countries. To begin with, let me bership in the u, N. tific skills. Such has been the remarkable say that I do not equate neutralism with The U. N. has since surmounted the frus economic growth in both the Soviet Union procommunism. nor do I demand that co:un trations of repeated Soviet abuse of"the veto and Western Europe in the meantime, that tries stand up and. be counted as for us or power in the Security Council. Despite· its today it can be said that if Western Europe against us. I see a vast difference in a handicaps, the U. N. has become an impor fell under Soviet domination, the Soviets world' with a neutral India, for example, and tant force for peace and justice. This in it- would surpass the United States in these a world with a Commun'ist India. Countries self is significant and is indicative of the fields. To take a single key statistic, the s:Uch as India and others which follow a pol tremendous urge throughout the world to. production of steel in 1957 in the United · icy of neutralism are only doing what their make the U. N. work. If this urge had not States was 113,200,000 tons, in the other national interest, as they see it, dictates. existed, if the overwhelming preponderance NATO countries it· was 94,600,000 tons; and· It is well to recall, in this connection, that of the world's people had not been de in the Soviet Union it was 56 million tons. we Americans ourselves were neutral for as termined that the U. N. must work, there Thus, NATO, including the United States, has long as we coUld get away with it. It is is little doubt that it would long since have a preponderance of 2{)7,800,000 tons to 56 also appropriate to recall the scriptural dic gone the lamented way of the League of' million tons. But if NATO production is tum that·"he that rs not against us is for us." Nations. subtracted from the United States and added · The fact that · a country such as India Another thrilling and Inspiring experience to the Soviet Union, the advantage shifts to chooses not to sign formal amances does that I personally enjoyed 8 years after my the Soviets: 150,600,000 tons to 113,200,000 n:ot, in my judgment, diminish the impor vote for the U. N., was my membership in tons. A policy of collective sec1,1rity as em- · tance of India to the security of the United the United States Delegation to the As-· bodied in NATO has, therefore, become of States. If India ls threatened, we are threat sembly in the fall of 1954. increased importance to the United States. ened, and that is the essence of the concept Far from withering away in impotence, Nor is there any reason to expect this trend of collective security. the U. N. has done much to impl-ement the to be reversed; on the contrary, there is In the case of countries in this category, principle of collective security. As examples, every reason to expect it to move even . however, a policy based on this concept one need only cite its armed resistance to faster. cannot be implemented through m111tary as aggression in Korea and its in.tervention in Second, Southeast Asia and Latin America, sistance- and alllances. Sometimes, as in the Suez. The U. N. emergency force still helps with which we are allied through SEATO and case of the Eisenhower doctrine for the Mid to keep the peace in the Middle East and· is the Rio Treaty, comprise two of the principal dle East, it can be implemented-with the the forerunner, I hope, of a permanent in sources of the strategic and critical raw ma consent of the countries concerned-through ternational police force. terials without which American industry a unilateral declaration on our part. More xn could not operate a single day. We may be· frequently, it can be implemented in major· sure that our dependence on foreign sources part only thr~ugh assistance to the people Soviet obstruction of raw materials will continue to increase. of India and similar countries in creating The U. N. can never be fully effective, of On both these counts. then, our alliances the internal conditions that will enable the course, so long as .one of its most powerful become more and more important to us. and people to maintain their freedom, independ members shows such utter disregard and even it becomes less and less possible to imagine ence, and self-determination. This is the contempt for its principles. The United a world in which we stand alone. function of that aspect of our mutual-secu States, therefore, has been forced to take Now, if we are to have alliances-and it trity program which deals with economic de additional measures in the interests of its is clear that there is no practical alterna velopment loans and with technical assist own security. These additional measures, it tive-then it follows that it is in our in ance. needs to be emphasized, are supplementary. terest that those alliances be strong. There I would not fpr one minute downgrade the to the U.N. and in no way conflict with the fore, as a part of our mutual security pro importance of our military-oriented pro U.N. Charter. In fact, so far as these meas gram, we supply militaTy assistance to grams, the results which they have achieved, ures involve regional collective arrangements strengthen the armed forces of our allies, or the importance of continuing them at a for defense, they are specifically contemplated and we supply defense support assistance to high level. But I do believe that the purely by article 51 of the charter. strengthen the economic capability· of our · economic programs are assuming increased Now, for our purposes of discussion today. allies to maintain armed forces. importance and that this trenNew York City and the medical publi- long and honorable history. bert Hoover. The place · was Valley cations of the country carried the fol- Jewish Memorial Hospital was founded Forge,-Pa. When Mr. Hoover concluded lowing news story about a pioneering in 1905 by representative New York citi his speech, he revealed a "surprise." He achievement of Jewish Memorial Hos- zens who felt the urge to do -something said: pital, Broadway at 196th Street, New for the welfare of the community and The address I have just made to you 1s, York, of which, incidentally, I am also the well-being of their fellow men. with slight elimination of less . pertinent a trustee: From a small institution, the hospital paragraphs, the identical address which I . The dental _.service of the Jewish Memorial has developed until it now has over 200 delivered on this spot· • • • 27 years ago in Hospital, under the direction of Dr. Julius M. beds and bassinets, with expansion plans the depths of that period of anxiety and Goldberg, announces a completely integrated approved by the Hospital Council of discouragement. But we rallied to a period clinical program for the dental treatment Greater New York to add 140 more beds of greatness as we will again today. of mentally and physically handicapped based upon the population growth and - ·Mr. Hoover had a purpose in selecting children now in effect at the hospital located reasonably estimated needs. an old speech delivered on May 31, 1931, at Broadway and 196th Street. This pro- - In the course of its history it has se gram, the first of its kind in the Borough of for delivery on February 22, 1958. From Manhattan, is under the supervision of Dr. cured approval of all of the important his own words, Mr. Hoover admits that Jerry J. Adelson, chief of the pedodontics hospital and medical associations and 1931 was a period of depression, "of service of Jewish Memorial Hospital's dental has attained a distinctive reputation for anxiety and discouragement." He indi clinic. Dr. Adelson is also the president of its high standards, its unsurpasse~ ad cates 1958 represents a very similar time the Dental Guidance Council for Cerebral ministration, its fine medical staff, and of history. He indicates that his words Palsy. its dedicated board of trustees, a group will rally us from our depression to an The progra1n: provides ~or the full dental of philanthropically minded citizens. needs of handicapped children under com- - . . other "period of greatness." paratlve routine procedures as well as a spe- Research at the hospttal has mcluded It seems to me that it was not the cial operating unit for those who must be important work: Work on the Rh blood Republican Party's "words without treated with general anesthesia. factor-a dramatic achievement some deeds" that brought us out of the depres This unit has been functioning for the years ago was a complete blood transfer sion Mr. Hoover speaks of a quarter of past yea~ for children of the Handicapped to save a new-born baby; on leukemia a century ago. It seems to me that the Children s Clinic of Columbia University you may recall the Louis boy story, a only prosperity that . was "around the College of Dental and Oral _surgery, headed Sing-Sing prisoner who offered himself corner" back then was the prosperity by Dr. Solomon H. Rosenstein. . t t• t th l"f f The program includes training courses in for exper1men a _IOn o save e 1 e o that Franklin D~ Roosevelt and the dentistry for the handicapped child, given 6-year-old Marcia Slater and who was American people-with the greatest by Dr. Adelson at Jewish Memorial Hospital later pardoned for this deed. teamwork this . country ever saw-con both for members of the hospital dental staff Research at Jewish Memorial Hospital structed with hard work, courage, and and for the postgradua~e pedodontics stu- expanded to such a point in recent years imagination. dents of Columbia Umversity College o~ that it was necessary to add a new wing Mr. Hoover does sense that an eco Dental and Oral Surgery. t th t h •t 1 b "ld"ng When nomic depression today is a reality not .. This service," Dr. Goldberg said, "is in- 0 e presen osp1 a UI I • . tended for handicapped children of the low- the ne~ rese~rch laborato~y was dedi merely the hallucination of prophets of income groups with dental requirements that cate~, It prov1d~ an occas10~ for com gloom. Let us not be afraid of words. cannot be treated normally without these mun1ty celebratiOn and for tnbutes from Words cannot hurt us. But inaction special clinical provisions. outstanding Americans. can spell disaster~ "Heretofore, such children have suffered Directing and carrying on the work of Mr. Hoover said that the difference an inadequacy of care due to their physical the institution is a medical board of first between the two speeches was the elimi or me:r:tal handicap. It is the pur~ose of rank a director and administration that nation of "less pertinent paragraphs." this clmic to help these children Wlth the ' b d f latest in dental skill and equipment." cannot be surpass~d, and a oar o I asked the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress to obtain for Jesse H. Barkin, president of the board of trustees ~f e~traordmary men and wo~ trustees of Jewish Memorial Hospital, hailed en const1tutmg one of the finest serv1ce me a copy of his 1931 address and was the new clinic as "another step in the hos- groups in the city of New York. immediately struck by one, so-called pital's expanded program as a community It is gratifying to report on the prog slight elimination. In 1931, but not in institution serving the growing population ress of the hospital on the eve of its 53d 1958, Mr. Hoover said: bf Washing~on ~eights, Inwood, Riverdale, annual dinner which will take place at No one who reviews the past and realizes and West Bwnx. the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel grand ball- the vast strength of our people can doubt This account is only another example room on Saturday evening, March 29. that this, like a score of similar experiences in our history, is a passing trial. From it of the work of a volunteer institution I wish my colleagues could be with me will come a greater knowledge of the weak that for over 50 years has been serving that evening to see one of the flowers ness of our system, and from this knowledge the people of its community in their of American freedom and volunteer serv must come the courage and wisdom to im health and medical needs and contribut- ice in full bloom: an institution sus prove and strengthen us for the future. ing increasingly new and important tained by men and women of good will In 1958, Mr. Hoover reworded the values to the well-being of thousands and of compassion for humanity; an in paragraph to read: - upon thousands. stitution that is an adornment to the Nor is this the only development in greatest of American cities and to all But no one who reviews the past and realizes the vast strength of our people can which Jewish Memorial Hospital has Americans. doubt that this, like a score of similar ex pioneered. Its record is an extraordi- periences in our history, is a passing trial. nary one. For years it has been con- From this knowledge must come the courage ducting research in leukemia, work that k and wisdom to improve and strengthen us is still being carried on in the hospital's Former President Hoover Turns C~oc tor the future. research laboratory building, largely Back to 1931 through the gen,erous aid of still an- · Mr. Hoover's elimination of the phrase "a greater knowledge of the weakness other volunteer organization. the Marcia Slater Society. EXTENSION OF REMARKS of our system" is a confession of the OF number one shortcoming of Republican Jewish Memorial Hospital has also pio leadership: a failure to learn from the neered in educational programs stress HON. COYA KNUTSON past. The weakness of the GOP system ing freedom from fear of hospitals and OF MINNESOTA which we discovered after the Hoover in a program inviting the youth of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES depression was the "trickle-down system community to the hospital so that they Wednesday, February 26, 1958 of big-business favoritism." The Re might know firsthand how a hospital publican Party is a great believer in works and be inspired t.o public service. Mrs. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, under "rugged individualism." Yet we rarely It was this hospital, too, which devel permission heretof-ore granted, I make hear of the GOP calling for rugged in oped an arts and crafts program for the the following observations: On Wash dividualism from "big business." children of the mothers who were at ington's Birthday, 1958, the American I wonder whether it is not "profits that tending the outpatient department. people were treated to a bit of magic; zoom" instead of "prophets of gloom" 1958 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD:...::. HOUSE 2955 which have ·brought into being this centage of turnover of personnel. Years milk. It will allqw a good farmer to 1958-style Hoover "recession." I won ago an individual sought employment with make a living and to progress economi the Department, learned his job and became of der whether · the American farmers, a valuable cog in the postal machinery, con cally. And it will relieve the taxpayer small-business men, the factory work tributing immeasurably over a period of the cost of protecting the market from ers, the schoolchildren do not deserve years to a more efficient operation of the surplus. more than words. Mr. Eisenhower said . postal service. Currently the Department is It may be that farmers would prefer on Monday, "Now is the time for cour... faced with the heavy cost of continuously to be told that Congress can, with a roll· age and common sense." He should training new employees, wha in many in call vote, perform economic miracles, but have added: ''Now is the time for ac stances find no incentive to remain in the I believe differently. Farmers are more service. This, of· course, has a disastrous sophisticated than some are willing to tion." effect on the productivity and efficiency of the Department. admit. They have been over the course We must face the problem realistically, of impossible promises and broken faith Statement of the Honorable Lester Holtz and bring about a 'fair and equitable ad too many times not to know that their man, of New . York, . Before the House justment of pay scales for these employees. welfare lies with hard-fact· planning, not As Members of Congress, we have a duty and magic wands. Committee on Post · Office and Civil responsibility to the men and women ln Government service, and we cannot in con Service science fail to provide them with adequate salaries. · We niust restore ·their morale and EXTENSION OF REMARKS their self-respect, and I respectfully urge the Mutual Security OF committee to report out a just and satisfac tory bill without delay. EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. LESTER HOLTZMAN OF OF NEW YORK . HON. EDWIN H. MAY, JR. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Self-Help Is No Magic Wand OF CONNECTICUT Wednesday, February 26, 1958 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, I EXTENSION OF REMARKS Wednesday, February 26, 1958 would like to include. in the CoNGRES OF SIONAL RECORD the remarks I submitted Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, the mutual recently to the House Committee on HON. DONALD E. TEWES security debate in Congress is now offi Post Office and Civil Service, in support OF WISCONSIN cially under way.. The citizens of the of pay raises for our postal employees. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United States will have the opportunity My statement follows: through their elected Representatives to Wednesday, February 26, 1958 express their opinions in the months Mr. Chairman, I would like to take this opportunity to express once again my keen Mr. TEVVES. Mr. Speaker, the Agri· ahead. _ · lnterest in legislation now before your com culture Committee currently is prepar The very significant confer,ence on mittee, which would provide a much-needed ing for hearings on a farm bill known as Foreign Aspects of United States Na and. much-deserved pay raise for our postal the self-help dairy proposal. It was de tional Security was a resounding success employees. veloped by the leading farm organiza here in the Nation's Capital. The peo For the past several years the sentiment in tions and authorities of the Nation. I ple will now have more of an opportunity Congress has been overwhelmingly in favor introduced the bill, because I found it a to get the complete facts on the case in of such an increase, and last year the House question. of Representatives and the Senate s·aw fit to realistic, practical approach to the com pass legislation which called for such ad plex problems with which the dairy in As a new Member of Congress who has justments. Unfortunately the President dustry is beset. always been vitally interested in inter vetoed this. legislation after the adjournment Because it is realistic, and because the national affairs, and one who has sup of Congress, and we did not have an oppor problems it attacks are complex, there is . P9rted our mutual-security program this tunity at that time to reconsider the bill. no claim made that this legislation will past year, I find to some extent the This year your committee is considering solve overnight the economic tangle that forthcoming debate somewhat wifortu legislatibn early in the session, and I am has developed over two generations. nate. It is hard to believe that the true very· hopeful that we will be able to have a facts of the case are not more thoroughly satisfactory bill enacted in the very near fu The self-help bill does not pretend to ture, giving us ample time to effect repassage be a magic :wand for dairy problems. It understood by the people. Any Con of the bill in. the event of adverse Presi is a promising plan which recognizes the gressmen who decry the mutual-security dential action. hard facts of dairy farming and mar program, I am sure feel they are repre in During the last few years the committee k~ting. senting the people their respective has listened to a steady stream of verified This warning would be superfluous ex districts. It is not easy to have people testimony which has shown the great need understand a program overseas for wag.. for pay raises. The cost of living has con cept that in the past, broken faith in supposed pa~aceas has been an impor ing peace as it is to understand the nec tinued to spiral upward and our postal em essity of a particular public-works proj ployees wage a continuous struggle to pro tant factor in the failure of farm pro vide their families with the bare necessities grams to command continuing support. ect nearby. In my opinion, individual of life. Many of them have had to seek ad Because the self-help proposal holds leadership on the part of the Members of ditional employment to supplement their in the long-range solution to present diffi Congress should supplement the high adequate earnings from the Post Office De.; culties, I think that now is the time to quality of bipartisan leadership exhibited partment, and in many households the wife establish in the minds of the Represent by President Eisenhower and other Re has been forced to obtain work so that the publican and Democratic leaders. family can maintain a decent standard of atives ·who may vote on it, and in the minds of the farmers who may be di Significant facts so eloquently and living. forcefully stressed by the President last Our postal workers are among the most rectly affected by it that self-help prom faithful of Federal employees, working long ises no "pie in the sky." night should be reasserted again and hours at hard work, and many times under If this legislation is passed, there will again to the people throughout the land. adverse conditions, to insure the prompt be a period of adjustment. There will The President's statements pointed out and uninterrupted flow of the mails. They still be the risks and economic choices that the aid program is as urgent as are loyal and conscientious, but we must the missile program. He further repudi face the fact that even career employees that make dairy farming attractive only to the tough minded and the able. Some ated the fortress America concept, stat· are being compelled to leave Government ing: -service for more lucrative positions else dairy farmers are going to succeed under where. self-... help, and some are going to lose We might as well try to find peace by The last salary increase was approxi-mately ground. That has always been true of building another Chinese wall. • • • Our 3 years ago, and it did not even come close hope for permanent security and peace today farming, and will cease only if farming is not in .fortifications and walls. • • • It to offsetting the high cost of living at that becomes a public utility. time. The upswing of living costs remains is in the hearts and minds and unity of pur . with us and the outlook for the future is What self-help will do is to provide pose of the people whose ideals we share not promising. dairy farmers with bargaining power at throughout the Free World. The program haS The Post Office itself has felt the results least comparable to those with whom thwarted the Communist hope of encircling of the inadequate salaries in the high per- they must bargain in marketing their and isolating -us by taking over vulnerable CIV--18~ 2956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 26 smaller countries, through aggression or sub we have witnessed a marked deterioration in employees whose rates of compensation are version • • • the urgency of the times and the prestige of our civil service. Govern not set by the Congress, but rather are based the opportunity before us calls for greatness ment personnel directors can testify to the upon the prevailing wage rates in the com of spirit transcending all party considera serious difficulties they have faced in re munities where they are employed. These tions • . cruiting trained personnel for Government Federal wage-board workers have received jobs. The Federal agencies have been un repeated upward adjustments which have Many other factors could be men able to compete with the alluring offers from kept their wages in line with the cost of liv tioned-such as the recovery of Europe private industry. ing, but which have also placed them far and the saving of Greece, Iran and South In addition, the civil service has been ahead of their fellow classified employees in Vietnam from Communist domination. losing valuable, skilled employees through terms of increased income. The Department . As one Member who was honored to the enticements of higher paid positions of the Navy reports that its wage-board em elsewhere. Turnover rates as high as 25 ployees have received pay raises totaling 25.8 be with a Congressional committee in· percent among highly traine.d employees have percent since 1951, while the postal workers vestigating phases of the mutual-security been cited. In the interests of our national have had to settle for 6 percent and the program in Europe last fall, I became welfare and the retention of a high caliber Federal classified employees 7¥2 percent. increasingly impressed with the neces civil service, we must authorize immediate Numerous situations have been created sity of extending the mutual security and substantial pay increases for our Fed where classified supervisors are paid lower program. We all want the·most efficient eral classified and postal employees; so that salaries than the wage-board workers they and economical program in this area of they can regain lost ground in our expand supervise. If this condition is allowed to ing economy. continue; we will witness a further decline waging peace. There have been mis The continued and accelerated upward in the morale of our Federal service, which takes which obviously occur even in our spiral in the cost of living have left Federal we can't afford in these perilous times. most reliable businesses in America. employees bearing the brunt of the inflation. Today the median salary in the 927,822- However, the inescapable conclusion is The cost of living has far outdistanced the man classified service is $4,075 compared with that the net overall effect of our invest meager increases in the Federal pay rates. that of the wage-board employees of $4,597. ment has been good. We all hope the We have had more than a 6 percent rise in This is quite the reverse of the picture in day will sometime arrive where more of the cost of living since the last Federal pay 1950 when the classified service salary me these funds can be diverted to domestic raise in 1955. The pressure of the never end dian was $3,225 as against the wage board's ing treadmill of trying to purchase the $3,099. These figures clearly 1llustrate the use; however, while our eye is for necessary goods and services for their families unjustified inequities in our Federal pay efficiency and economy at all levels of and themselves with dollars of declining rela system. We in Congress are now faced with the Federal Government, we must look tive value has led many Federal employees the responsibility of removing these detri beyond to the important objectives of to take secondary jobs or to have their wives mental inequities before they endanger the long-range security for our children and go back to work. whole quality of our civil service. the future of America. Russia is unre Recent surveys indicate that for a family In American industry it is a common prac lenting in its aggressive imperialism by of four to maintain a modest, but adequate tice to measure wages on the basis of ade military and economic means. Not to standard of living, their annual income must quate compensation for work performed. recognize this on the part of Congress be at least between $4,700 and $5,000. Yet, This is the principle behind the whole sys the median wage for Federal classified em tem of incentive wages. Postmaster General and the people would be as the President ployees is $4,075 and for postal workers it is Summerfield has testified that the produc stated so well last night--"pennywise $4,410. In other words, more than half of tivity of postal workers has increased 17 per economy and above all, outright refusal our Federal civil servants are receiving sub cent over the past 6 years. The adminis to look at the world as it really is." standard wages. This is a disturbing situa tration seems to recognize the fairness of re tion which calls for immediate action. warding employees for extra productivity in Over the past decade while workers in private industry, but it has wanted to deny private industry, with the assistance of their any increase to postal workers on the same Salary Increases for Federal Classified unions, have considerably improved their grounds. By 1959 it is estimated that the conditions, both in wages and in added fringe average pieces per clerk man-year will have and Postal Workers benefits, Government employees, precluded risen 6 percent over the 1955 figure and the from the advantages of collective bargaining, cost of living has risen by another ·5 percent. EXTENSION OF REMARKS have steadily lost ground. Federal workers Are the postal workers to continue to labor have been given only 1 general wage in diligently without any incentives or rewards, OF crease of 7¥2 percent for classified employees and see their real wages decreasing? This, and 6 percent for postal workers in the last 6 it seems to me, would be contrary to the HON. ROBERT C. BYRD years, while many workers· in the business principles of our American economic system. . OF WEST VIRGINIA world have been getting annual wage boosts Of course, most Government activities do IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commensurate with their increased produc not lend themselves to productivity meas Wednesday, February 26, 1958 tivity and the rise in the cost of living. urements. But it would be absurd to claim In the 3 years since the Federal employees that Federal employees are not entitled to Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, under leave received their last pay raise, wages in manu productivity increases just because the work to extend my remarks, I wish to include facturing have gone up 14 percent, in whole they perform cannot be measured in terms a statement which I made yesterday to saling 13 percent, and in mining they're up of pieces completed per hour or some other the House Committee on Post Office and 21 percent. One has only to compare the exact productivity measurement. changes in real income of Government em Our economy-minded friends in both Civil Service. My statement was in sup ployees with various other occupational Houses argued last year that we could not port of salary increases for Federal clas groups over a 17-year period from 1939 afford to grant Federal pay increases; because sified and postal workers. I was pleased through 1956 to realize how poorly the civil the cost would add to the already huge Fed to note that, following the submittal of service has fared in our growing economy. eral expenditures and precipitate an increase my statement yesterday, the House com Bituminous coal miners have enjoyed the in the Federal debt limit. I favor Govern mittee voted to give a pay boost to these largest increase in real income of 107 per ment economy wherever possible, but I say deserving public servants. cent. But other groups have also prospered; to these colleagues we can't afford not to lumber workers up 73 percent; textile work authorize some upward adjustments in our My statement follows: ers up 64 percent; chemical workers up 58 Federal pay scales. It would be faulty busi A STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF SALARY INCREASES percent, meatpackers up 47 percent; even ness logic and false economy to allow a slow FOR FEDERAL CLASSIFIED AND POSTAL WORKERS schoolteachers are up 36 percent and retail deterioration of our Government service in Mr. Chairman, I am grateful for this op clerks up 24 percent, to mention only a few. the name of economy. The replacement portunity to appear before your distinguished And where do we find the Federal Govern- costs of training new, skilled employees committee to express my support of legisla . ment workers?-at the bottom of the list would far outweigh the savings gained from tion for proper adjustments in the basic with a modest 14-percent increase in their not giving a pay raise. The Hoover Commis compensation rates of the employees of the real income. To raise Government salaries sion reports that it costs $3,000 to recruit and Federal Government, before us today. As to the pre-World War II status would re train a new ·Federal employee. we refuse Federal employees the right to bar quire a pay raise of at least 25 percent, a Another argument propounded by oppo gain for their wages and working conditions, much greajier figure than anyone Js pro nents to a Federal pay increase was that these they must depend upon the fair play of Con posing. raises ~ould start an inflationary chain reac gress to maintain their equitable position The disparity in wage increases and real tion. This appears to be a case of confusing in the economy. take-home pay is not confined to a com cause and effect. Actually, the Federal em The challenge of Soviet scientific achieve parison of Federal employees with other oc ployees have become the special victims of ments has reawakened America to the neces cupational groups. Even within the Gov the inflation. Why should this one small sity of having the ablest and the best trained ernment service this disparity extends to the segment of our economy be singled out to personnel in our Federal service, working relationship of classified employees' salaries .hold the line in the·fight against inflation, by !or our national preservation. In recent years and the earnings of nearly 700,000 Federal foregoing ~ustified- salary increases, in the 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -. HOUSE ~ 295'l
face of _the, complete fail~re of the admln plied to the public over the ·airways." casions during the last 10 years. It'was . !stratton's effo:r:ts . to restrain price l·ncreases This music among others, he asserted, is generally agreed by committee members in other segments of the economy? We are confronted here with the almost being used in an effort to "drive us all that his statement before it today was unbelievable spectacle of the richest country back to the dark ages of music." perhaps the most forceful, clear, and in the world today keeping a majority of its These remarks attributed to Vance convincing of all. Under leave to ex Federal employees on what is subsistence pay . Packard are an insult to the musical cul tend my remarks I include the state or less.. . To authorize a pay increase would ture of all the Latin American countries ment: . only be remedying an inequality. . . to the south of us. For myself I can STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE JOHN FOSTER Postal and classified . pay legislation must testify to the great pleasure "and joy I DULLES; SECRETARY OF STATE, BEFORE THE be considered on its own merits and not tied felt and the thrill I experienced in hear HOUSE FOREIGN AFFAIRS' COMMITTEE IN SUP to the endorsement 9f postal rate Jncreases. ing such Latin American songs as 'Be PORT OF THE MUTUAL SECURITY PROGRAM, It would be unfair to continue to make the . WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1958 postal employees and other Federal employees same Mucho, Per:fidia, Maria Elena, and the whipping boys for the administration's others cited by the witness. To me these Mr. Chairman and members of the com inability to get Congressional approval for its songs, and the other popular music of mittee, the President has sent to the Con proposed higher postal charges. Loyal civil Mexico; Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, and gress a forceful message caliing fo~ the . servants should not ·be made to absorb the other Latin American countries of Cen vigorous continuation of the mutual-security_ costs of our grqwing postal deficits . . program. In .my estimation that course is tral and South America, has been music yital to our country's.safety. National self-intereliit requires ·us to im of high quality. competing successfully prove the wages of our postal e:mployees and with the music of the best of our own I other Federal employees and to return them The era of change to an equitable position 1n our economy. popular composers. The serious music I know I need not belabor the· importance of Chavez, ReVl.leltas, Villa-Lobas, Guar We live today in a historic era of change. of our civil service to the workings of our · nieri, Lara, and other Latin American It will spell the rise 'or fall of whole civiliza whole society. In recent years, the Federal composers is of a high. quality· and com.; tions and of great nations. Some will meet Government has grown to have sucha vital pares favorably with· similar type of the challenge; others may succUmb. role in the economy and in the preservation The Congress and the executive branch. music by our own composers. in whom our fellow citizens have reposed of our way of life. It is essential that our I (leplore the assertions of Mr. Pack Government be manned by the most capable thei:r trust,. bear an enormous responsibility '· • and-best trained of our citizens. We cannot ard and his gratuitous insult to our to understand clea}.'ly the nature of this chal hope to entice qualified personneLinto Gov- friends on the American Continent. Cer.,;, lenge and to respond to it. The adequacy of . ernment service with our present inadequate tainly, it has been in the past two dec our response will determine, for generations pay scales. It would be s4eer folly to let this ades that we in the United States have to come, whether our peoples will, in peace. pressing problem go unsolved any longer. seen an. increasing interest in all types enjoy the blessings of liberty or start upon I, therefore, Mr. Chairman, hope that· you~ of music, and a wider understanding of the' downward slope that leads to increasing committee will take action immediately to ourselves and our neighbors in that encircle~ent and ultimate war or subjuga.;. favorably report legislation to the House so tion. · , as to enable that body to vote for a salary process. The ill-advised and untem What are the great currents of change? increase which these public servants so richly pered aspersions cast by Vance Packard There are two ·which' transcend all others: deserve. are to be deplored. Let us not destroy the work of understanding that has been Communist imperialism One is the revolutionary movement of in an important effort of our Government ternational communism. Within 41 years a Statement of Vance Packard Was an and of all Americans by such shabby and small group of violent men, starting in irresponsible attacks as that of Mr. Russia, have seized ·control of aU or major Uncalled-for Insult to Latin A~ eric a~ Packard. · parts of 17 nations, with nearly 1 billion Music The .Government of this country is in people. . . . volved in a tremendous program to es The Communist bloc now boasts _of tablish better understanding of ourselves enormous military power-ground forces of EXTENSION OF REMARKS and our culture throughout the world ~ 400 divisions, vast alr fleets, naval forces, OF including 500 submarines, and nuclear bombs Let u~ not underestimate the impact of and outer space missiles. They are develop -HON. CHARLES A. WOLVERTON our own. music in all categories, sym .. ing a large economic potential. All of t:O.is is phonic, jazz, and popular, in promoting OF NEW JERSEY centrally controlled and used primarily to a better understanding of ourselves. achieve its original goal o~ world conquest. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Music is an international language of The drive jor progress lfedne~day, February 26, i958 good will. I know personally of the The sec Mr. SCOTT thereupon took the chair the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, and SENATE as Acting President pro tempore. for other purposes, in which it requested THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1958 the concurrence of the Senate. Bishop Gerald Kennedy, of the Meth THE JOURNAL odist Church of Los Angeles, Calif., On request of Mr. HoLLAND, and by HOUSE BILL REFERRED offered the following prayer: unanimous consent, the reading of the The bill