1958 CONGRESSIONAl. RECORD- HOUSE 2947 By Mr. FASCELL: of certain aliens; to the Committee on the 442. By Mr. HESS: Petition of Mrs. Dan H. R. 11026. A bill for the relief of Rosa Judiciary. Shannon and many other citizens of Cin­ Angarica; to the Committ .ee on the Judici­ By Mr. LANE: cinnati, Ohio, asking for the passage of a. ary. H. Res. 489. Resolution providing for send­ change-of-venue law in regard to obscene By Mr. GUBSER: ing the bill H. R. 8728 and accompanying and pornographic literature; to the Com­ H. R. 11027. A bill for the relief of Eric and papers to the Court of Claims; to the Com­ mittee on the Judiciary. Ida Mae Hjerpe; to the Committee on the mittee on the Judiciary. 443. By Mr. HILLINGS: Petition of Mrs. Judiciary. James W. Redfern, Jr., of Azusa, Calif., and 588 other citizens of the 25th Congressional ByMr:MORANO: PETITIONS, ETC. District of California urging support of leg­ H. R. 11028. A bill for the relief of Liselotte islation to prohibit the transportation of Santorelli; to the Committee on the Judi­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions alcoholic beverage advertising in interstate ciary. and papers were laid on·the Clerk's desk commerce and its broadcasting over the air; H. R. 11029. A bill for the relief of Antonio and referred as follows: to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Garcia; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 439. By Mr. BUSH: Petition of Renovo, Commerce. By Mr. NIMTZ: Pa., Aerie No. 516, Fraternal Order of Eagles, 444. By Mr. KING: Petition of Mrs. Della. H. R. 11030. A bill for the relief of Miss Yun urging enactment of legislation to eliminate Painter, Inglewood, Calif., and constituents YuLee; to the Committee on the Judiciary. age discrimination in employment as an of the 17th Congressional District of Cali­ By Mr. RIEHLMAN: unwarranted practice which is depriving fornia urging support to remove the adver­ H. R. 11031. A bill for the relief of Janusz many thousands of physically sound, skilled, tising of alcoholic beverage from our homes; Kurylko; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and experienced workers of the means of a to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. RODINO: livelihood, and which is resulting in a tragic Commerce. H. R. 11032. A bill for the relief of Luis waste of manpower in the American econ­ 445. By Mr. NIMTZ: Petition of Mrs. For­ Trillo Carreira; to the Committee on the omy; to the Committee on the Judiciary. rest Marsh and 24 other citizens of South Judiciary. 440. Also, petition of Anthony J. Tedesco Bend and Mishawaka, Ind., expressing oppo­ By Mr. WALTER: and other citizens of Columbia County, Pa., sition to any system of paid television; to H. J. Res. 551. Joint resolution for the re­ urging favorable action on a bill to grant the Committee on Interstate and Foreign lief of certain aliens; to the Committee on pensions for all veterans of World War I; to Commerce. the Judiciary. the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. 446. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the sec­ H. J. Res. 552. Joint resolution to facilitate 441. By Mr. CRETELLA: Resolution of retary, governors' conference, Chicago, Ill., the admission into the United States of cer­ Torrington Republican Town Committee, of relative to a resolution adopted at the gov­ tain aliens; to the Committee on the Judi­ Torrington, Conn., stating opposition to the ernors' conference held at Colorado Springs, ciary. proposed legislation about to be considered Colo., on February 24, 1958, requesting nec­ H. J. Res. 553. Joint resolution to waive by the Congress pertaining to reciprocal essary action to maintain the strength of certain provisions of section 212 (a) of the trade agreements; to the Committee on the Army National Guard at the 400,000-man Immigration and Nationality Act in behalf Ways and Means. level; to the Committee on Armed Services.

EXTENSIONS OF R.EMARKS Salute to the Czech People positive contribution to stability and world the Czech ·people both here and in their peace. ancestral home for the resolute and sacrificial Then came the Nazi wave to strangle that struggle whi_ch they are waging in the noble EXTENSION OF REMARKS independence and place the iron heel of cause of human freedom. OF despotism upon the Czech people. At the end of World War II, the Republic of Czecho­ slovakia was restored, and a government Hon. EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN which was administered by a coalition of OF independent political parties was established. Oregon Beef Candy IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES But the Communist cancer was at work. Slowly, silently, and relentlessly this de­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Wednesday, February 26, 1958 structive force operated through the police OF Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. President, I ask force, the Security Corps, and the Ministries of Finance and Agriculture. unanimous consent to have printed in In February of 1948-10 years ago this HON. RICHARD L. NEUBERGER the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, a statement month-the new Republic had been so weak­ OF OREGON entitled "Salute to the Czech People." ened that the subversive Communist forces IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES There being no objection, the state­ within and without compelled the surrender ment was ordered to be printed in the of the democratic elements in the Republic Wednesday, February 26, 1958 RECORD, as follows: and a. new government under Communist domination was established. Every instru­ Mr. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, on SALUTE TO THE CzECH PEOPLE ment for the safeguarding of individual February 25 it was my privilege to serve Towering over the Moldava. in the once right&-the press, the schools, the courts, the as senatorial sponsor for the distribution Golden City of Prague in Czechoslovakia Parliament--were purged and became organs of beef candy from Oregon to the tables stands a. concrete statue of Josef Stalin. It for totalitarian control. Thus was another in the Senate dining room, and to Mem-­ is 120 feet high. bastion of liberty liquidated. bers of the Senate at their offices. It is perhaps the largest monument to The loss was not quite total. The tragedy Many compliments have been received human slavery, oppression, and dictatorship of Czechoslovakia awakened a. prudent fear from my colleagues regarding this deli-­ ever erected by human hands. It is an im­ in the free world. Three months later, in pressive and ever present reminder of an May of 1948, Britain, France, Italy, Belgium, cacy from the great Pacific Northwest. arrogant, aggressive tyranny which has liqui­ Holland, and Luxembourg signed a mutual­ Beef candy is the result of a process dated freedom wherever it has spread and assistance pact for collective defense against developed by Mr. and Mrs. Ed Coles, of which has extinguished the hopes of hun­ Communist encroachment. Less than a year Prineville, Oreg., on the high grazing dreds of millions of hum.an beings who have later, the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza­ plateau of the central portion of our become enmeshed in this poisonous web. tion came into being, with the United States lovely State. Dehydrated beef is the Only 10 short years ago, Czechoslovakia. as a. member. became the victim of this conspiratorial tyr­ Monstrous as the tragedy of Czechoslo­ base for a delicious and nutritious anny. Through treachery at home and the vakia. was, it generated a vigilance among sweetmeat. aid of Red Communist forces, directed from free nations and a sense of concern in free Actual presentation of the beef candy Moscow, the lamp of liberty and independ­ men that must and will express itself in the from Oregon was under the personal ence was snuffed out for a. happy, liberty­ ;form of eternal hostility toward this brutal auspices of some of my guests from Ore-­ loving people. and degrading concept of communism. And gon: Mrs. David Campbell, of Bly; Mrs. After the forces, which were generated in there can be no easy conscience in the cita­ Frank Obenchain, of Bly; Mrs. Henry C. the crucible o:f World War I, had tumbled dels of free men until at long last the thrall­ so many monarchial despotisms in Europe, dom of the Czech people has been ended Gerber, of Klamath Falls; Mrs. Julian the brave young state of Czechoslovakia. and their right of self-determination and Arrien, of Vale, and Miss Margaret Ger-­ which had been established as a. democracy, freedom has been restored. ber, of Klamath Falls. They and their struggled ever so valiantly to preserve its On this the lOth anniversary of the black­ families were likewise my guests at newly won independence and make a. truly out of Czech independence, let us salute luncheon in the Senate dining room. 2948 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE February 26 Because many Senators have asked me support our American-flag fleet has received ices generally, includ-ing domestic and other about the actual ingredients and prep. under authority of the Merchant Marine Act segments of the oceangoing merchant ma­ of 1936. Our globe-encircling cargo fleet has rine. aration of our beef candy, I ask unani· been able to survive, and continues as one The facts throw a more accurate light on mous consent that a statement from my of our strongest links to the free world the situation than the lines in the Barron's office, dated February 25, 1958, .be in· through support by Government assistance article th'at say, "The trouble is that Con­ eluded in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. in the form of parity payments to offset low­ gress has been steering by a faulty compass, There being no objection, the state· cost foreign competition. the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 as ment was ordered to be printed in the I bring this to your attention today be­ amended;" and later stating: "handouts RECORD, as follows: cause of a recent article in Barron's, a na­ from Washington have kept the Stars and tional business and financial weekly, which Stripes waving over certain so-called essen­ Senators were treated to sweetmeats today I believe misinterprets the policies and denies tial water routes." Such extravagant. lan­ when the Oregon Cow-Belles, auxiliary of the soundness of the 1936 act. The article guage adds nothing to honest consideration the oregon Cattlemen's Association, distrib­ tends to confuse the reader as to the straight <;>f maritime policy. uted high-protein beef candy on Capitol course the act is steering to assure our coun­ A further statement, or, rather, misstate­ Hill. try economic prosperity and defensive ment, in the article is to the effect that the Senator RICHARD L. NEUBERGER, of Oregon, strength through an adequate merchant Maritime Administration is proposing to ex­ arranged for the Cow-Belles to distribute marine. pand the cost of the subsidy program and the confection in Senate dining rooms as a The article was entitled "Faulty Compass-­ that there will be, and I quote, "A great means of publicizing a new potential market The United States Needs a New Shipping and useless drain on the public purse." for beef products. The distribution was han­ Policy." In referring to the National Mari­ It might be said that this uesless drain dled by Mrs. Dave Campbell, Bly, Oreg., time Union (AFL-CIO), it stated that the doesn't add up to a drip when one is truly president of the Cow-Belle delegation; Mrs. NMU long has been riding buoyantly on a sea knowledgeable as to how these subsidies Frank Obenchain; Mrs. Henry C. Gerber, of Fed(;lral subsidy. To keep both captain work. Subsidies awarded contract lines Klamath Falls; Mrs. Julian Arrien, Vale; and crew afloat in recent years has cost the simply help make up the difference between Margaret Gerber, also of Klamath Falls. T.he taxpayer heavily. I say this is not so. Sta­ high American costs and low-wage foreign Cow-Belles were accompanied. by their hus- tistics compiled for me by the Committee competition. The operating and construc­ bands. , of American Steamship Lines, representing tion differential subsidies requests made by Mrs. Campbell disclosed that the beef the 14 subsidized lines, show that during the President in his budget message to Con­ candy was the result of a process developed the 10-year period from 1946 through 1955, gress are to provide that equalizer. Ad­ by Mr. and Mrs. Ed Coles, of Prineville. The 85 percent of net operating subsidy costs mittedly, 80 percent of the operating differ­ process combined dehydrated beef with paid out by the Government have been off­ ential goes to equalize the pay of ship sweets. Fresh beef contains approximately set by Federal income taxes paid in by the crews. All of the construction subsidy pay­ 17 percent protein and 60 to 65 percent mois­ shipping companies and their employees, in­ ments go to the shipyards. This is a prod­ ture. By removing the moisture from the cluding the members of the seamen's unions. uct of our superior living standard. We fresh beef, the resulting dehydrated beef as And this does not take into account the tax must have these subsidies or scrap our fleet used in this candy contains approximately returns, and the economic benefits to the in favor of having our country's products 56 percent protein, or about 3 times as much many industries, and their thousands of carried under foreign flag. This would no·t protein as in fresh beef. This candy con­ employees, which service the subsidized ves­ only knock the props from under the $5.3 tains 25 percent dehydrated beef, which sels, keep them in repair, etcetera. billion economic contribution annually makes an ounce of the product the approxi­ What a s:q1all price to pay for a ticket to made by the merchant marine, but would mate equivalent animal protein of three­ survival. Gen. Nathan F. Twining, Chair­ force us to rely on foreign cargo fleets in fourths of an ounce of fresh beef. The high man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has time of war, which history has proved to be animal protein content of this candy not summed up that importance very clearly. a reef-strewn course to follow. only assures quick but also lasting energy. He has said that in case of a surprise and Barron's also surprises me with the state­ Before arrival of the Cow-Belles, Senator devastating nuclear attack that might ment that "shipping subsidies, whether for NEUBERGER had urged the Department of the knock out land transportation the merchant construction or operation, have not served Army to study inclusion of the high-protein marine's availability to ply the great high­ the national interest." Again a realistic product in military rations. The Army re­ way of the seas with strategic materials and record of the lines operating under operating ported that the Quartermaster Corps tech­ foodstuffs might well be the one source of subsidy agreements will refute this. It is nologists were familiar with this product and free world strength to pluck victory from impressive. Here are some of their achieve­ have in fact made some suggestions to the chaos. ments. manufacturers on ingredients and formula­ The Barron's article also stated that, and 1. They represent a combined net worth of tions for its improvement and have tested I quote, "The Government, acting through $558.7 million in 1955 compared with less some of the sample products. the Maritime Administration, gradually has than $79 million in 1937. Thus the 1938 act, The Oregon Senator was informed that extended its control over the (shipping) in­ and prudent management, have strength­ Army food experts would follow development dustry." Again, this is not a correct state­ ened the industry as was intended. of the candy so that prompt application can ment. An underlying theme of the 1936 act 2. A fleet of 304 highly competitive vessels be made if the need should arise. was that this important industry was to be are engaged today in cargo and passenger built on private enterprise-and there has services from all major United States ports, been no change to the contrary. What it providing some 35,000 seafaring jobs, roughly adds up to is a unique Government-industry half the total on United States ships. The American Merchant Marine partnership. In essence, the Government is 3. A record of 16,509 voyages sailed in the paying for a service. The 14 contract lines, 10-year period, 1947-56, with combined to qualify for subsidy payments, must travel mileage equal to 8,000 trips around the EXTENSION OF REMARKS the 34 essential trade routes that are part Equator. OF of the partnership bargain, on regular sched­ 4. Contractual commitments to build ules, thus assuring our country's products, about 200 new ships over the next 10 to 12 HON. WARREN G. MAGNUSON industrial and agricultural, free and regu­ years. OF WASHINGTON lar access to the markets of all the world. Subsidy as a fleet preservation measure The United States has become an island becomes even more important when one IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES in a world made painfully small by swish­ looks toward Russia. The Reds are fast Wednesday, February 26, 1958 ing earth satellites and long-range guided building up their merchant marine and the missiles. These 34 trade routes have proven Soviet economic offensive has moved into Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I to be the very lifelines in and out of this high gear. The recent Afro-Asian People's ask unanimous consent to have printed country when it comes to taking homemade Solidarity Conference in Cairo clearly indi­ in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a stat• products overseas and returning with vital cates the direction of future Soviet bloc ment which I have prepared dealing with raw materials and other goods our country economic effort. the American merchant marine. lacks. OUr regular and dependable liner At the end of 1957, the State Department There being no objection, the state· service on these routes has helped develop issued a statement about Russia's economic ment was ordered to be printed in the trade for major coastal areas. Not only penetration, which said, in part: "In the last have United States-flag carriers contributed 2¥2 years the Soviet bloc has made agreements RECORD, as follows: to this but their service has forced compet­ with 10 underdeveloped nations to provide . As my colleagues in the Senate know, I ing foreign-flag ships to offer improved them with $1.5 billion.in economic aid. • • • have frequently made known my views on services. American-flag service on essential United States economic aid to the 10 coun­ the American merchant marine, with stress trade routes has had a stabilizing effect on tries over the same period is estimated at on its great econgmic importance in do­ freight rate structures, with enormous sav­ $900,000...... mestic and world trade and its value as this ings to importers and exporters, particularly Barron's points out that, as time goes on, Nation's fourth arm of defense. in periods of national emergency. Develop­ subsidy costs will mount sharply, adding: Our continuing role as a maritime leader ment of ports on all coasts has benefited "For at the urging-and with the financial in the Free World 1s due in large part to the farmers, industry and transportation serv- support-of the Maritime Administration. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2949 the major United States shipping lines all Nation's most illustrious sons. I was · California Teamwork have embarked on a massive replacement of deeply moved when I received the sad their fleets. The Government, of course, will f.oot part of the bill directly... What news that Mr. David Warren had passed EXTENSION OF REMARKS on. A fine citizen and an outstanding Barron's did not stress is that the major OF investment will be by private enterprise. newspaperman has been removed from What the Barron's article also ignored com­ our midst and countless friends mourn HON. PATRICK J. BILLINGS pletely was the enormous advantage accru­ his passing. OF CALIFORNIA ing to our Government in the event of war Mr. Warren was born in Missouri, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or sudden emergency, from the fact that was a graduate of the University of Mis­ these subsidized vessels represent a fleet in souri School of Journalism. His news­ Wednesday, February 26,1958 being-they will be available to the military at once, in time of urgent need. paper career began in Texas in 1918 as Mr. HILLINGS. Mr. Speaker, I don't In World War II victory was delayed many a reporter on the staff of the Amarillo believe the remarkable demonstration months, and casualties undoubtedly greatly Daily News and the Daily Panhandle, of teamwork within the California Con­ increased, because we lacked cargo vessels later becoming managing editor and gressional delegation over the years and passenger ships to service our farfl.ung serving in that capacity until 1926 when should pass unnoticed. battle stations. Every merchant vessel now he founded the Borger News-Herald. The California Congressional delega­ in active service-every cargo and passenger ;He was chairman of the Panhandle tion, which is composed of representa­ vessel constructed under the current vessel­ banks and for many years publisher of tives of both political parties, is the replacement program which the Barron's the Panhandle Herald and Borger News­ only delegation in Congress to meet on a article disparages, will be so much added relatively regular basis to handle non­ insurance that the United States w1ll have Herald which he sold in recent years. available in the future an adequate number He also controlled a string of news­ partisan problems that frequently con­ of potential military auxiliaries for any need. papers in the Panhandle of Texas and front our rapidly growing State and And the Government will get these vessels eastern New Mexico, but had disposed of require attention at the Congressional at peacetime cost, depreciated-not at fan­ these to give more time to his personal level. tastic wartime costs, as was the case in affairs. This teamwork has not only produced World Wars I and II. He had served as president of the unity on these matters within the dele­ The long-range ship replacement program Texas Press Association and the Pan­ gation of 30 members and two senators which all of us-Congress, the. administra- · handle Press Association, and for many but also has provided a spirit of good tion, and industry-have worked so hard to fellowship and cooperation. develop is termed by Barron's as massive years was on the board of regents of the replacement. Evidently Barron's is out­ University of Texas. He was honored The end result has been that the dele­ raged by the size of the program but this is many times in Texas and in his native gation, meeting on a bipartisan basis, just what we need. The 1936 act states that State of Missouri. He received the dis­ has tackled and solved nonpartisan all ships of the contract lines must be re­ tinguished service award of the Uni­ problems that could not possibly have placed by new vessels at the end of 20 years. versity of Missouri Alumni Association been handled if left to individual Repre­ Most of the subsidized fleet's ships were built in 1956, and previously, the Missouri sentatives and Senators. during World War II and are fast approach­ honor award for distinguished service I think probably the best and most ing the 20-year age. If the lines waited until in journalism was bestowed upon him. recent demonstration of this teamwork the closing manths of this agreement there resulted in the assignment of con­ would be such a race and scramble to build He was president of the Missouri Jour­ ships that our yards could not handle the nalism Association in 1954-55, and his siderable new ship construction work to orders and there would result what is com­ most recent recognition was a plaque private yards at San Pedro, San Diego, monly known as block obsolescense. Inci­ naming him honorary member of the and San Francisco. dentally, it is worthy to note that there were Missouri State Historical Society, 1 of Working together for the assignment 1,569 freighters under construction last year only 11 to receive that honor. of new ship construction to California in foreign nations. Not one was being built Warren was a life member of the yards, practically dormant since World in the United States. In contrast, the Presi­ War II, were Republicans and Demo­ dent's budget only proposes the building of Texas State Historical Society and had been president of the Panhandle-Plains crats. I think, if history is traced, the 17 or 18 new ships. award of contracts to the yards at San Barron's concluded that, "For what ails Historical Society. The American Asso­ American shipping is not too little Govern­ ciation for State and Local History in Pedro, San Diego and San Francisco ment, but too much. For the good of its 1950 presented him with the associa­ culminates almost 10 years of effort by merchant marine and its own best interests, tion's award of merit in ceremonies held our Representatives and Senators. the United States would do well to change at the University of Texas. Gov. Price After World War II, you will recall, helmsmen and try a different tack." Prior Daniel appointed him member of the our California shipyards virtually died to the 1936 act our maritime policy suffered on the vine for lack of work after meet­ from too many helmsmen and too frequent Governor's committee to make plans for ing a tremendous challenge by turning changes of course. the observance of the 75th anniversary out hundreds of oceangoing vessels for Any other tack than the one we are now of the University of Texas. His life was on might well prove disastrous. Subsidy is a full and generous one, marked with our wartime commerce, and troop trans­ a form of insurance. Because of it, America success all along the way. port. is able to maintain an efficient fleet of dry­ Credit for persuading the Maritime Among the newspaper tributes to his Administration and the appropriate com­ cargo freighters and passenger ships to life and memory ran the theme that was carry out national policies of trade and de­ mittees of Congress to revive major ship fense-policies reaffirmed by this adminis­ his outstanding characteristic-and that construction in California yards can ap­ tration. Without it our high standard of was, that he was a Christian gentleman propriately be given to Senators WILLIAM 11 ving and high costs of doing business would whose life was motivated by the highest F. KNOWLAND and THOMAS H. KUCHEL, literally drive our merchant marine off the principles. Always an idealist, always and Representatives JoHN ALLEN, Oak­ high seas. working for a better America, he never land Republican; GEORGE MILLER, Ala­ paused to rest on his laurels. meda Democrat; WILLIAM MAILLIARD, San But Dave left his own monument-a Francisco Republican; JoHN SHELLEY, Mr. David Warren dedicated Christian life founded on San Francisco Democrat; BoB WILSON, character, integrity and ability. He San Diego Republican; CRAIG HOSMER, . never hesitated to stand up for what he Long Beach Republican; CECIL KING, Los EXTENSION OF REMARKS Angeles Democrat, to name a few. OF thought was right. Personally, I held a deep respect and affection for him and I might add there was considerable feel I have lost a good friend. I shall support lent to this group by inland rep­ HON. WALTER ROGERS resentatives and there should be special OF TEXAS miss him very much and will always re­ mention given to GORDON McDONOUGH, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vere his memory. May I say to Mrs. Los Angeles Republican, and Representa .. Wednesday, February 26,1958 Warren and the family that although tive HARRY SHEPPARD, Yucaipa Demo­ these words of mine cannot ease their crat; Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, grief or be of much comfort, I extend They are, respectively, chairman and I have the sad duty to advise this body my deepest sympathy in their sorrow vice chairman of the bipartisan delega­ . of the passing of one of Texas' and the and great loss. · tion and they probably are the two most 2950 CONGRESSIONAl; RECORD- HOUSE February 2Q cooperative people in Congress to work And so Lincoln rode out the storms df his ciples. It must meet the ·challenges of the with when a specific nonpartisan prob­ time. The Nation was given that "new times. It must prove capable of solving new breath of freedom" he prayed for so elo­ problems as they arise. lem comes up that requires delegation quently at the Gettysburg battlefield. With Let us examine, then, the other problems attention and support. the flame undimmed, Lincoln passed on the we face, the other challenges we must meet. torch of liberty and freedom which st1ll Here, as I see it, are the other main objec­ inspires· and lights the world. tives the National Government must seek to Today we, too, live in th~ midst of alarms. achieve. Address Delivered by Hon. Chapman Rev­ Scientific discoveries, undreamed of a few 1. A modern defense system that will give years ago, have transformed our lives. this Nation maximum security until effec­ ercomb, of West Virginia, at Lincoln The Free World is at grips with a slave tive disarmament agreements can be Memorial Dinner world, just as freedom saved slavery in Lin­ achieved.· coln's time. The fear of enslavement has 2. A free and ·expanding economy-an econ­ become so strong that Russia's launching of omy capable of supporting our defense EXTENSION OF REMARKS the first earth satellite only ·a few months needs and at the same time providing for an OF ago sent many of our people into a state of ever-increasing standard of living for all hysteria and confusion. Indeed, the whole Americans. HON. CHAPMAN REVERCOMB world was apprehensive. 3. Freedom of the individual-freedom for OF WEST VIRGINIA Lincoln never acted like this in the Na­ his choice of religion, for his choice of occu­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tion's darkest tragedy. Sorely beset though pation, and in his pursuit of happiness. For he was on every hand, he remained calm, I need not remind you that it is this princi­ Wednesday, February 26, 1958 firm, clearheaded, and unafraid. ple of individual freedom that has made this Nation the leader of the Free World. Mr. REVERCOMB. Mr. President, I In the circumstances that have confronted this Nation in recent months, we can profit 4. Equality of rights-a principle on ask unanimous consent to have printed a great deal by one of Lincoln's favorite which the Republican Party was founded, in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the re­ stories about the man who was riding along and which it has pursued throughout the marks I made at Wheeling, W.Va., on a backwoods trail and was caught in a years. CFebruary 8, at the Lincoln memorial din­ storm. 5. Government assistance in those areas ner held under the auspices of the execu­ "He kept plodding ahead until his horse where the people cannot help themselves. tive committee and the Republican gave out, and then it grew dark. He had This applies to the aged, the infirm, the Women's Committee of Ohio County, only the lightning to show him the trail. · handicapped. We must never forget that W.Va. The thunder was terrifying, and, when one the Government has a responsibility to care · There being no objection, the address bolt seemed to crash at his feet, he fell on for those who cannot care for themselves. his knees. 'Oh, Lord,' he prayed, 'if it be Let us examine briefly the record of the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, all the same to You, give us a little more Eisenhower administration and see just how as follows: light and a little less noise.' " these objectives are being met. We are assembled here to honor the mem­ New scientific achievements have been On the question of defense, the Nation is ory of a great American-a statesman whose much in -the news of late. Russia's launch­ militarily strong-and it is growing stronger wise and courageous leadership transcends ing of the first uncontrolled earth satellite every day. The Soviet satellite has by no political party lines. ga ve rise to fears everywhere. means canceled out our strategic air force, We are gathered to pay tribute to the mem­ But when we turn a little less noise and a wl'.ich will remain the greatest deterrent to ory of Abraham Lincoln, who belongs to the lit tle more light on sputnik we shall see that attack for a long time to come. It has not peoples of all lands, wherever the spark of there are no reasons for fear and alarm. canceled out our powerful fleet armed with liberty and human freedom burns in the The Soviet satellite gave Russia a propa­ a wide variety of missiles carrying nuclear breasts of men. ganda advantage, for the moment, in the weapons. In the last tragic moment of Lincoln's life cold war, to be sure. It was a blow to our If attacked by any aggressor nation, we it was said: "Now he belongs to the ages." prestige and a shock to our complacency. are in position to strike back from land, by Therefore, it is proper and fitting that we But tonight, as our own earth satellite sea, in the air, from all directions of the pay homage to a great leader who has been orbits the earth, we know that scientific compass, and with overwhelming force. an inspiration not only to Americans but to progress in America has not been at a stand­ Let me emphasize, however, that our all people. still. strength is not in armaments alone. I do not come here this evening to tell you We know-and the world knows-that the Lincoln wisely knew that there was 'much that all is well in the world. It is not. We sum total of this Nation's technological and more to national defense than military in­ live in an era when international tensions productive capacity far exceeds that of Rus­ stallations. In this regard, he said: are great. We live in the most rapidly changing age in history. We live in a pe­ sia, and the launching of satellites has not "The bulwark of our liberty and inde­ riod that gives rise to new and pressing altered America's defense capabilities. pendence is not our frowning battlements, problems. But there are some valuable lessons to be our bristling seacoasts. Our reliance is in However, let me remind you that we live gained from these achievements. the love of liberty which God has planted in us. Our defense is in the spirit which prizes in an age that presents great ch allenges~ The Russian satellite, launched last Octo­ an age that offers mankind great hopes­ ber, filled the world with apprehension. The liberty as the heritage of all men, in all hopes of peace, hopes of freedom from fear American satellite, on the other hand, has lands, everywhere." and want. served as a powerful force to allay those fears. And we c'an all be thankful that President Lincoln met the problems of his time with Our Explorer satellite, in my judgment, Eisenhower is equally dedicated to this high courage and resoluteness, with calmness and ~an be used to mark the turning paint in principle. In his state· of the Union mes­ .compassion. If Lincoln were alive today, the cold war. The world knows that Amer­ sage, the President said: how would he view the perils and problems ica will not attack any other Nation, how­ "The world thinks of us as a country that confront the America that he loved? ever secure we insist on being. Our immedi­ which is strong, but which will never start Looking at the troubled Nation more than ate objective, then, must be to capture the a war. The world also thinks of us as a land 100 years ago, Lincoln observed: heart s and minds of men and utilize nuclear which has never enslaved anyone and which "We live in the midst of alarms; anxiety power to improve the lot of mankind. is animated by humane ideals. This friend­ beclouds the future; we expect some new The No. 1 objective of our Government ship, based on common ideals, is one of our ·disaster with each newspaper we read." must be .to work for conditions that assure greatest sources of· strength.'' He spoke those words in 1856-at a tragic not only security, but also peace for us and Ladies and gentlemen, the Republican time in history. The very survival of the the world. Some sound course must be Party is dedicated to that objective. We Nation hung in the balance, and with it the found that will bring an end to the arma­ have preserved peace for the last 5 years. world's greatest hope for liberty and equality. ments race and usher in an era of inter­ And our goal now is and always must be We know from history that Lincoln did not national understanding. It has been proved to seek conditions in the world that will free panic. He spoke no words of bitterness or time and again that war cannot do this, for people everywhere of the fears and horrors hatred. He was God fearing, but he was not out of each war arises a new division in the of living in an armed camp. afraid of the world's threats. His words of world. As for meeting the new problems unfold­ calm, clear appraisal rose above the babble Peace, then, is our No. 1 objective. And I ing in this great industrial age, a look at of discordant, hysterical voices, and themes­ say to you that the Eisenhower adminis­ the record of the past 5 years reveals many sage he uttered then has real meaning for tration is firmly dedicated to that task. The remarkable accomplishments. us today. He said: .proof of our success to that end may be It is a record of a prosperous Nation with "The dogmas of the quiet past are inade­ stated simply: No American boys have died new high levels of employment, rising in­ quate to the stormy present. The occasion in battle since President Eisenhower was in­ come, and increasing purchasing power. is piled high with difficulty, and we must augurated. · It is a record of more jobs, better incomes, rise with the occasion. As our case is new, If a political party-any political party­ more homes, more leisure, and more recre­ so we must think anew, act anew." is to live it must be guided by high prin- ation. -

'1.958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2951 .It is a record of increased productive ·fJiileage Allowance for Rural Letter Collective _Security-Address by Hon. H • capacity. It is a record of renewed confidence by Carriers Alexander Smith, of New Jersey, Be­ the people that the American way of life will be preserved. fore Woodrow Wilson School of Public When the Eisenhower administration took EXTENSION OF REMARKS and International Affairs, Princeton office ·in 1953; there was a proposed budget OF expenditure of nearly $78 billion for 1954. University There was a deficit of nearly $9Y:z billion for HON. USHER L. BURDICK 1953, and a planned deficit of nearly $10 OF billion for 1954. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Continuing inflation had reduced the pur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF chasing power of the dollar to 52 cents. Wednesday, February 26, 1958 That is what the Eisenhower administra­ HON. CLIFFORD P. CASE tion inherited. What did we do? Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, the OF NEW JERSEY First we reduced and then entirely elimi­ present mileage allowance of 9 cents per IN: THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES nated deficit spending. Fiscal year 1955 was mile paid to rural letter carriers for use the last year of deficits. Since then we have of their privately owned vehicles to de­ Wednesday, February 26, 1958 balanced the budget and retired some of the liver the mail was established in 1951. Mr. CASE of New Jersey. Mr. Pres­ public debt. During the 7 years since that 9 cents per ident, my senior colleague from New At the same time, the American people mile rate was set, all costs of operation, Jersey [Mr. SMITH], made a significant were given a tax reduction, the largest in maintenance, and replacement have history, that has already saved our people address before the Woodrow Wilson nearly $25 billion in taxes. risen sharply. These rising costs are School of Public and International Af­ The record of this administration's domes­ well known by all of us who own and fairs, Princeton, N. J., on February 24. tic policies reveals that more people own drive automobiles. The problem has The senior Senator from New Jersey their own homes today than ever before. been more acute to the rural carrier, has made a thoughtful presentation of There are now nearly 30 million home-own­ however, due to the weather and road the nature of many world problems and ers in America-an increase of 13 percent in conditions he endures and the numerous the interreliance and interdependence of only 4 years. stops to render a full mail service to the the Free World in furthering the cause of The largest industrial expansion in his­ American rural public. freedom in the face of these obstacles. tory has taken place. Business and industry our individual experience with the I know that it will be of great interest to have spent an all-time high of over $152 billion in new plants and equipment com­ difference in driving costs between 1951 my colleagues and to the country at pared to $123 billion in the preceding 4 and 1958 -should be all that would be large. I ask unanimous consent that it years. necessary as proof that the increased be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. The gross national product rose to an all­ costs are a real and positive fact. They There being no objection, the address time high of $439 billion in 1957. have not only greatly increased but are was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Personal income last year jumped to an progressively moving higher each year. as follows: annual rate of approximately $346 billion­ The rural ' carriers of this country COLLECTIVE SECURITY another all-time record. comprise a devoted group of employees (Address of Senator H. ALEXANDER SMITH, Last year an average of 65 million of our on the public payroll who are rendering Woodrow Wilson School of Public and In­ people were gainfully employed-an increase a valuable and indispensable service to ternational Affairs, Princeton University, of 3,700,000 in only 4 years. rural America. In my State of North Princeton, February 24, 1958) Average weekly earnings of factory work­ I am highly appreciative of the honor you ers are at a record high, with the average Dakota, 621 carriers on 6 days of every week make the daily round to deliver the do me in asking me to address you today. weekly pay now $83.20. In 1952, the average My subject is collective security, and cer­ weekly pay was $69.23. mail including letters, newspapers, and tainly no more appropriate subject, in my Trade unions have the largest membership parcel post, and in addition provide judgment, could have been found for an in history, 18,477,190. Less time has been every postal service to each and every audience in this distinguished school which lost by strikes than at any period in the family right at their mailbox. The more takes it. name after the father of the con­ last decade. than 30,000 miles of rural delivery routes cept of collective security in American for• Ladies and gentlemen, these are facts­ in the State of North Dakota causes eign policy. and they will not be drowned out by the these carriers to travel every day on all And I would like to add a very p~rsonal ' gloom and doom critics who would have us kinds of roads and often under weather note. When I was an undergraduate in believe that America is woefully weak m111- Princeton some years ago, Woodrow Wilson tarily and ready to collapse economically. conditions, particularly in the winter, was our favorite professor. This was by vote A business decline set in late last year, it which requires the use of special equip­ of many successive graduating classes. He is true-and there is no reason to ignore it. ment. These factors take a toll on wear was the inspiration to many of us to study I am convinced, however, that this decline and tear of equipment, increase gasoline law--especially constitutional law, and to will be short lived. The same thing is hap­ consumption, and cause maintenance feel the urge of public service. I recall well pening now that happened in 1948 and again costs to soar. when Wilson made his speech, famous to all in 1953. We are in a period of readjustment, The testimony of Mr. Ray L. Hulick, Princetonians-Princeton in the Nation's resulting from the vast expansion of the Na­ Service. Princeton can well point with pride tion's productive capacity. Most economists president of the National Rural Letter to our participation in World Wars I and II, are predicting a business upturn by mid­ Carriers' Association, graphically illus­ and more recently to the post-war period- ·year, followed by a period of long, steady trates the extent to which these costs 1945 to today. This record reflects the im­ growth of the economy as American industry have risen. Tabulation of cost account­ pact of Woodrow Wilson on the youth of prepares to meet the needs of a growing Na­ ing sheets of rural carriers as submitted America. tion, increasing in population at the rate of to the Internal Revenue Department, as Early steps over 3 million a year. well as the cost accounting appearing in The idea of collective security did not, of I say to you that the Republican Party is course, originate with Woodrow Wilson. But prepared to meet the challenges of this age. the 1957 report of our Postmaster Gen­ it was Wilson who first attempted to make it It is prepared to meet the problems of our eral, clearly indicate that the present a cardinal point of American foreign policy. times. cost of equipment maintenance to these If he had succeeded, we would today live in a To do this, however, we must ourselves rural carriers is in excess of 11 cents per far different world. stand united. We must not allow minor dif­ mile. In his last public words, spoken to a group ferences of programs or policies to blind us to of people gathered outside his house on Arm­ the great principles on which we are agreed Under these conditions, the rural car­ istice Day 1923, Wilson delivered a reaffirma­ and which are vital to the welfare of our rier is required to personally absorb a tion of faith, tinged with bitterness. He State and Nation. portion of the operating cost of his ve­ said: Not since Lincoln's time has the Repub­ hicle while performing a duty to which "I cannot refrain from saying it: I am not lican Party faced a greater challenge, or a he is obligated. Such conditions impose one of those who have the least anxiety greater opportunity. We can meet that a financial loss on a Government em­ about the triumph of the principles I have challenge if we carry home to .the people the stood for. • • • That we shall prevail is as principles we espouse, and 1! we are pre· ployee without just cause. This is cer­ sure as that God reigns." pared to make the same fight for those prin­ tainly not intended and should not be It took a Second World War, even ghastller ciples that Abraham Lincoln did. condoned by our legislative body. than the first, plus the evolution of the >

2952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE February 26- threat from Moscow-the seeds of which were the old but always .pertinent question, Do ness, its mutuality, the sense of working laid during Wilson's administration-to c~:m­ they serve our national interests? together as equals which it gives Americans, vince the American people of the rightness These a111ances are based on the simple, Turks, Koreans, and all the others. That of Wilson's position. Yet .even now, I am often repeated, and-I hope-well understood WOl,lld be lost if we tried to defend other not entirely sure, and the doubt is a little premise that .we cannot live alone, whether people instead of helping them defend frightening, that we have fully learned the we like it or not. I am sure this audience themselves. lessons of the intervening years. understands that, and I am not going to 3. We can do what we have been doing­ n bore you with a tedious repetition· of all the that is, supply our allies with the critical· facts which underlie it. I do, howe:ver, want margins of millta'l'y and defense support as­ The United Nations to emphasize just two points which seem to sistance without which they could not main­ A quarter century after ·the Senate turned me to be of coJ:l,trolling significance; tain their present levels of military effort. down American participation in the League First, Western Europe, with which we ·are This is the middle course between doing of Nations, it approved, by a vote of 89' to 2, a111ed through NATO, is the biggest reposi­ nothing, which would be fatal, and trying Ameriean membership in the United Na­ tory of industrial capacity and technical and to do everything, which would be 'futile. tions. scientific skills outside the United States and It makes good sense to me, and I hope it I was elected to the Senate in the fall the Soviet Union. At the time NATO was makes good sense to you, too. of 1944; 1945 was my first full year.· That organized in 1949, it was argued that if v year saw V-E Day and V-J Day and the Western Europe fell under Soviet domina­ setting up of the United Nations. The tion, the Soviets would be raised to a par The neutral or uncommitted countries proudest moment of my early Senate career­ with the United States in the matter of in­ Let us look now at the neutral or uncom­ was my participataion in· approval of mem­ dustrial capacity and technical and scien­ mitted countries. To begin with, let me bership in the u, N. tific skills. Such has been the remarkable say that I do not equate neutralism with The U. N. has since surmounted the frus­ economic growth in both the Soviet Union procommunism. nor do I demand that co:un­ trations of repeated Soviet abuse of"the veto and Western Europe in the meantime, that tries stand up and. be counted as for us or power in the Security Council. Despite· its today it can be said that if Western Europe against us. I see a vast difference in a handicaps, the U. N. has become an impor­ fell under Soviet domination, the Soviets world' with a neutral India, for example, and tant force for peace and justice. This in it-­ would surpass the United States in these a world with a Commun'ist India. Countries self is significant and is indicative of the fields. To take a single key statistic, the s:Uch as India and others which follow a pol­ tremendous urge throughout the world to. production of steel in 1957 in the United · icy of neutralism are only doing what their make the U. N. work. If this urge had not States was 113,200,000 tons, in the other national interest, as they see it, dictates. existed, if the overwhelming preponderance NATO countries it· was 94,600,000 tons; and· It is well to recall, in this connection, that of the world's people had not been de­ in the Soviet Union it was 56 million tons. we Americans ourselves were neutral for as termined that the U. N. must work, there Thus, NATO, including the United States, has long as we coUld get away with it. It is is little doubt that it would long since have a preponderance of 2{)7,800,000 tons to 56 also appropriate to recall the scriptural dic­ gone the lamented way of the League of' million tons. But if NATO production is tum that·"he that rs not against us is for us." Nations. subtracted from the United States and added · The fact that · a country such as India Another thrilling and Inspiring experience to the Soviet Union, the advantage shifts to chooses not to sign formal amances does that I personally enjoyed 8 years after my the Soviets: 150,600,000 tons to 113,200,000 n:ot, in my judgment, diminish the impor­ vote for the U. N., was my membership in tons. A policy of collective sec1,1rity as em- · tance of India to the security of the United the United States Delegation to the As-· bodied in NATO has, therefore, become of States. If India ls threatened, we are threat­ sembly in the fall of 1954. increased importance to the United States. ened, and that is the essence of the concept Far from withering away in impotence, Nor is there any reason to expect this trend of collective security. the U. N. has done much to impl-ement the to be reversed; on the contrary, there is In the case of countries in this category, principle of collective security. As examples, every reason to expect it to move even . however, a policy based on this concept one need only cite its armed resistance to faster. cannot be implemented through m111tary as­ aggression in Korea and its in.tervention in Second, Southeast Asia and Latin America, sistance- and alllances. Sometimes, as in the Suez. The U. N. emergency force still helps with which we are allied through SEATO and case of the Eisenhower doctrine for the Mid­ to keep the peace in the Middle East and· is the Rio Treaty, comprise two of the principal dle East, it can be implemented-with the the forerunner, I hope, of a permanent in­ sources of the strategic and critical raw ma­ consent of the countries concerned-through ternational police force. terials without which American industry a unilateral declaration on our part. More xn could not operate a single day. We may be· frequently, it can be implemented in major· sure that our dependence on foreign sources part only thr~ugh assistance to the people Soviet obstruction of raw materials will continue to increase. of India and similar countries in creating The U. N. can never be fully effective, of On both these counts. then, our alliances the internal conditions that will enable the course, so long as .one of its most powerful become more and more important to us. and people to maintain their freedom, independ­ members shows such utter disregard and even it becomes less and less possible to imagine ence, and self-determination. This is the contempt for its principles. The United a world in which we stand alone. function of that aspect of our mutual-secu­ States, therefore, has been forced to take Now, if we are to have alliances-and it trity program which deals with economic de­ additional measures in the interests of its is clear that there is no practical alterna­ velopment loans and with technical assist­ own security. These additional measures, it tive-then it follows that it is in our in­ ance. needs to be emphasized, are supplementary. terest that those alliances be strong. There­ I would not fpr one minute downgrade the to the U.N. and in no way conflict with the fore, as a part of our mutual security pro­ importance of our military-oriented pro­ U.N. Charter. In fact, so far as these meas­ gram, we supply militaTy assistance to grams, the results which they have achieved, ures involve regional collective arrangements strengthen the armed forces of our allies, or the importance of continuing them at a for defense, they are specifically contemplated and we supply defense support assistance to high level. But I do believe that the purely by article 51 of the charter. strengthen the economic capability· of our · economic programs are assuming increased Now, for our purposes of discussion today. allies to maintain armed forces. importance and that this tren