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CHAPTER 6 PICTORIAL SKETCHING 6-1Four Types of Projections
CHAPTER 6 PICTORIAL SKETCHING 6-1Four Types of Projections Types of Projections 6-2 Axonometric Projection As shown in figure below, axonometric projections are classified as isometric projection (all axes equally foreshortened), dimetric projection (two axes equally shortened), and trimetric projection (all three axes foreshortened differently, requiring different scales for each axis). (cont) Figures below show the contrast between an isometric sketch (i.e., drawing) and an isometric projection. The isometric projection is about 25% larger than the isometric projection, but the pictorial value is obviously the same. When you create isometric sketches, you do not always have to make accurate measurements locating each point in the sketch exactly. Instead, keep your sketch in proportion. Isometric pictorials are great for showing piping layouts and structural designs. Step by Step 6.1. Isometric Sketching 6-4 Normal and Inclined Surfaces in Isometric View Making an isometric sketch of an object having normal surfaces is shown in figure below. Notice that all measurements are made parallel to the main edges of the enclosing box – that is, parallel to the isometric axes. (cont) Making an isometric sketch of an object that has inclined surfaces (and oblique edges) is shown below. Notice that inclined surfaces are located by offset, or coordinate measurements along the isometric lines. For example, distances E and F are used to locate the inclined surface M, and distances A and B are used to locate surface N. 6-5 Oblique Surfaces in Isometric View Oblique surfaces in isometric view may be drawn by finding the intersections of the oblique surfaces with isometric planes. -
Technical Drawing School of Art, Design and Architecture Sarah Adeel | Nust – Spring 2011 the Ability to ’Document Imagination’
technical drawing school of art, design and architecture sarah adeel | nust – spring 2011 the ability to ’document imagination’. a mean to design reasoning spring 2011 perspective drawings technical drawing - perspective What is perspective drawing? Perspective originally comes from Latin word per meaning “through” and specere which means “to look.” These are combined to mean “to look through” or “to look at.” Intro to technical drawing perspective technical drawing - perspective What is perspective drawing? The “art definition” of perspective specifically describes creating the appearance of distance into our art. With time, the most typical “art definition” of perspective has evolved into “the technique of representing a three-dimensional image on a two-dimensional Intro to technical drawing surface.” perspective technical drawing - perspective What is perspective drawing? Perspective is about establishing “an eye” in art through which the audience sees. By introducing a sense of depth, space and an extension of reality into art is created, enhancing audience’s participation with it. When things appear more real, they become real to the senses. Intro to technical drawing perspective technical drawing - perspective What are the ingredients of perspective drawing? Any form consists of only three basic things: • it has size or amount • it covers distance • it extends in different directions Intro to technical drawing perspective technical drawing - perspective Everyday examples of perspective drawing Photography is an example of perspectives. In photos scenes are captured having depth, height and distance. Intro to technical drawing perspective technical drawing - perspective What is linear perspective drawing? Linear Perspective: Based on the way the human eye sees the world. -
Understanding Projection Systems
Understanding Projection Systems Understanding Projection Systems A Point: A point has no dimensions, a theoretical location that has neither length, width nor height. A point shows an exact location in space. It is important to understand that a point is not an object, but a position. We represent a point by placing a dot with a pencil. A Line: A line is a geometric object that has length and direction but no thickness. A line may be straight or curved. A line may be infinitely long. If a line has a definite length it is called a line segment or curve segment. A straight line is the shortest distance between two points which is known as the true length of the line. A line is named using letters to indicate its endpoints. B B A A AB - Straight Line Segment AB – Curved Line Segment A line may be seen as the locus of a point as it travels between two points. A B A line can graphically represent the intersection of two surfaces, the edge view of a surface, or the limiting element of a surface. B A Plane: A plane is a flat surface which is infinitely large with zero thickness. Just as a point generates a line, a line can generate a plane. A A portion of a plane is referred to as a lamina. A Plane may be defined in a number of different ways. - 1 - Understanding Projection Systems A plane may be defined by; (i) 3 non-linear points (ii) A line and a point (iii) Two intersecting lines (iv) Two Parallel Lines (The point can not lie on the line) Descriptive Geometry: refers to the representation of 3D objects in a 2D format using points, lines and planes. -
Orthographic and Perspective Projection—Part 1 Drawing As
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R G R A P H I C S I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R G R A P H I C S From 3D to 2D: Orthographic and Perspective Projection—Part 1 •History • Geometrical Constructions 3D Viewing I • Types of Projection • Projection in Computer Graphics Andries van Dam September 15, 2005 3D Viewing I Andries van Dam September 15, 2005 3D Viewing I 1/38 I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R G R A P H I C S I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R G R A P H I C S Drawing as Projection Early Examples of Projection • Plan view (orthographic projection) from Mesopotamia, 2150 BC: earliest known technical • Painting based on mythical tale as told by Pliny the drawing in existence Elder: Corinthian man traces shadow of departing lover Carlbom Fig. 1-1 • Greek vases from late 6th century BC show perspective(!) detail from The Invention of Drawing, 1830: Karl Friedrich • Roman architect Vitruvius published specifications of plan / elevation drawings, perspective. Illustrations Schinkle (Mitchell p.1) for these writings have been lost Andries van Dam September 15, 2005 3D Viewing I 2/38 Andries van Dam September 15, 2005 3D Viewing I 3/38 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R G R A P H I C S I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R G R A P H I C S Most Striking Features of Linear Early Perspective Perspective • Ways of invoking three dimensional space: shading • || lines converge (in 1, 2, or 3 axes) to vanishing point suggests rounded, volumetric forms; converging lines suggest spatial depth -
3D Viewing Week 8, Lecture 15
CS 536 Computer Graphics 3D Viewing Week 8, Lecture 15 David Breen, William Regli and Maxim Peysakhov Department of Computer Science Drexel University 1 Overview • 3D Viewing • 3D Projective Geometry • Mapping 3D worlds to 2D screens • Introduction and discussion of homework #4 Lecture Credits: Most pictures are from Foley/VanDam; Additional and extensive thanks also goes to those credited on individual slides 2 Pics/Math courtesy of Dave Mount @ UMD-CP 1994 Foley/VanDam/Finer/Huges/Phillips ICG Recall the 2D Problem • Objects exist in a 2D WCS • Objects clipped/transformed to viewport • Viewport transformed and drawn on 2D screen 3 Pics/Math courtesy of Dave Mount @ UMD-CP From 3D Virtual World to 2D Screen • Not unlike The Allegory of the Cave (Plato’s “Republic", Book VII) • Viewers see a 2D shadow of 3D world • How do we create this shadow? • How do we make it as realistic as possible? 4 Pics/Math courtesy of Dave Mount @ UMD-CP History of Linear Perspective • Renaissance artists – Alberti (1435) – Della Francesca (1470) – Da Vinci (1490) – Pélerin (1505) – Dürer (1525) Dürer: Measurement Instruction with Compass and Straight Edge http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/tech10.html 5 The 3D Problem: Using a Synthetic Camera • Think of 3D viewing as taking a photo: – Select Projection – Specify viewing parameters – Clip objects in 3D – Project the results onto the display and draw 6 1994 Foley/VanDam/Finer/Huges/Phillips ICG The 3D Problem: (Slightly) Alternate Approach • Think of 3D viewing as taking a photo: – Select Projection – Specify -
Cylindrical Anamorphic Images –A Digital Method of Generation
ANDRZEJ ZDZIARSKI, MARCIN JONAK* CYLINDRICAL ANAMORPHIC IMAGES –A DIGITAL METHOD OF GENERATION CYFROWA METODA GENEROWANIA ANAMORFICZNYCH OBRAZÓW WALCOWYCH Abstract The aim of this paper is to present a practical construction for some cylindrical anamorphic images. The method is based on the analytic properties of reflective anamorphic image construction – topics which have been discussed in previous papers. This time, the authors deal with the analytical analysis of a transformation that is applied in order to obtain an anamorphic image, and provide an innovative digital notation of the reflective transformation discussed. The analytical model described here allows us to generate a cylindrical anamorphic image of any object that is represented in the form of a set of parametric equations. Some example anamorphic images together with their counter-images reflected in the surface of a cylindrical mirror will be presented here. The method of construction described enables the development of any design project of an anamorphic image in the urban planning environment and within the interiors of public spaces. Keywords: transformation, anamorphic image, visualization of an anamorphic image, reflective cylinder Streszczenie Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia praktyczną metodę konstruowania obrazów anamorficznych w oparciu o własności analityczne dla anamorf refleksyjnych. Praca jest kontynuacją zagadnień związanych z okre- śleniem geometrycznych zasad powstawania obrazów anamorficznych na bazie obrazu rzeczywistego, na- tomiast prezentuje ona analityczne przekształcenie oraz innowacyjny cyfrowy zapis takich obrazów. Tak więc opracowany model analityczny pozwala generować obrazy anamorficzne dowolnych projektowanych obiektów zapisanych w formie równań parametrycznych. Przykładowe anamorfy zaprezentowano wraz z ich obrazami restytuowanymi za pomocą prototypowego zwierciadła walcowego. Powyższe rozwiązania dają możliwość precyzyjnego projektowania obrazów anamorficznych w zurbanizowanej przestrzeni miej- skiej oraz architektonicznych wnętrzach przestrzeni publicznej. -
From 3D to 2D: Orthographic and Perspective Projection—Part 1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS From 3D to 2D: Orthographic and Perspective Projection—Part 1 Drawing as Projection • A painting based on a mythical tale as told by Pliny the Elder: a Corinthian maiden traces the shadow of her departing lover. • History • Geometrical Constructions • Types of Projection • Projection in Computer Graphics detail from The Invention of Drawing, 1830: Karl Friedrich Schinkle (Mitchell p.1) Andries van Dam September 17, 1998 3D Viewing I 1/31 Andries van Dam September 17, 1998 3D Viewing I 2/31 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS Early Examples of Projection Early Perspective • Plan from Mesopotamia, 2150BC is earliest • Ways of invoking three dimensional space: known technical drawing in existence. rounded, volumetric forms suggested by shading, spatial depth of room suggested by • Greek vases from late 6th century BC show converging lines. perspective(!) • Not systematic—lines do not converge to a • Vitruvius, a Roman architect published single “vanishing” point. specifications of plan and elevation drawings, and perspective. Illustrations for these writings have been lost. Giotto, Confirmation of the rule of Saint Francis, c.1325 (Kemp p.8) Carlbom Fig. 1-1 Andries van Dam September 17, 1998 3D Viewing I 3/31 Andries van Dam September 17, 1998 3D Viewing I 4/31 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER GRAPHICS Setting for “Invention” of Brunelleschi Perspective Projection • Invented systematic method of determining perspective projections in early 1400’s. • The Renaissance: new emphasis on Evidence that he created demonstration importance of individual point of view and panels, with specific viewing constraints for interpretation of world, power of complete accuracy of reproduction. -
U. S. Department of Agriculture Technical Release No
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TECHNICAL RELEASE NO. 41 SO1 L CONSERVATION SERVICE GEOLOGY &INEERING DIVISION MARCH 1969 U. S. Department of Agriculture Technical Release No. 41 Soil Conservation Service Geology Engineering Division March 1969 GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS OF GEOLOGIC PROBLEMS D. H. Hixson Geologist GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS OF GEOLOGIC PROBLEMS Contents Page Introduction Scope Orthographic Projections Depth to a Dipping Bed Determine True Dip from One Apparent Dip and the Strike Determine True Dip from Two Apparent Dip Measurements at Same Point Three Point Problem Problems Involving Points, Lines, and Planes Problems Involving Points and Lines Shortest Distance between Two Non-Parallel, Non-Intersecting Lines Distance from a Point to a Plane Determine the Line of Intersection of Two Oblique Planes Displacement of a Vertical Fault Displacement of an Inclined Fault Stereographic Projection True Dip from Two Apparent Dips Apparent Dip from True Dip Line of Intersection of Two Oblique Planes Rotation of a Bed Rotation of a Fault Poles Rotation of a Bed Rotation of a Fault Vertical Drill Holes Inclined Drill Holes Combination Orthographic and Stereographic Technique References Figures Fig. 1 Orthographic Projection Fig. 2 Orthographic Projection Fig. 3 True Dip from Apparent Dip and Strike Fig. 4 True Dip from Two Apparent Dips Fig. 5 True Dip from Two Apparent Dips Fig. 6 True Dip from Two Apparent Dips Fig. 7 Three Point Problem Fig. 8 Three Point Problem Page Fig. Distance from a Point to a Line 17 Fig. Shortest Distance between Two Lines 19 Fig. Distance from a Point to a Plane 21 Fig. Nomenclature of Fault Displacement 23 Fig. -
National 4 & 5 Graphic Communication
Duncanrig Secondary School Department of Design, Engineering & Technology National 4 & 5 Graphic Communication - Revision Notes Contents Page 01 Exam Preparation and Techniques 02 - 03 The 3 P’s 04 British Standards Purpose, title blocks and scale 05 British Standards Line types & 3rd Angle Projection 06 - 08 British Standards Dimensioning 09 Drawing Types: Overview and Introduction 10 Drawing Types: Orthographic Views 11 Drawing Types: Sectional Views and Exploded Views 12 Sectional Drawing guide for answering questions 13 - 14 Drawing Types: Geometry 15 Answering true shape exam questions 16 A/C and A/F explained 17 - 18 Drawing Types: Pictorial drawings and exam questions 19 Interpreting/Reading Complex drawings 20 - 23 Building Drawings 24 - 27 Computer Terminology, Hardware Input, Output and Storage 28 - 29 Computer Software 30 Computer Aided Design Software 31 - 35 2D/3D CAD Features and Edits 36 - 37 Answering 3D CAD exam questions 38 CAD Assembly constraints 39 CAD Animation and Simulation 40 CAD illustration Techniques 41 - 42 Advantages and Limitations of CAD and Manual Techniques 43 Manual Graphics Techniques 44 - 49 DTP features and edits 50 - 52 DTP Elements and Principles 50 - 52 Colour Theory 53 - 55 Graphics Impact on Society 56 Graphs and Charts 1 Exam Preparation What makes up my grade in Graphic Communication? The exam has written questions to test Knowledge and Interpretation skills in Graphic Communication. A grade A, B, C or D is awarded at National 5. 33% of your course award is made up of the graphics assignment which you undertake in class over a period of 8 hours. The exam is worth 67%. -
The Baroque in Games: a Case Study of Remediation
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring 2020 The Baroque in Games: A Case Study of Remediation Stephanie Elaine Thornton San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Thornton, Stephanie Elaine, "The Baroque in Games: A Case Study of Remediation" (2020). Master's Theses. 5113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.n9dx-r265 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/5113 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BAROQUE IN GAMES: A CASE STUDY OF REMEDIATION A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Art History and Visual Culture San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts By Stephanie E. Thornton May 2020 © 2020 Stephanie E. Thornton ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled THE BAROQUE IN GAMES: A CASE STUDY OF REMEDIATION by Stephanie E. Thornton APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ART HISTORY AND VISUAL CULTURE SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY May 2020 Dore Bowen, Ph.D. Department of Art History and Visual Culture Anthony Raynsford, Ph.D. Department of Art History and Visual Culture Anne Simonson, Ph.D. Emerita Professor, Department of Art History and Visual Culture Christy Junkerman, Ph. D. Emerita Professor, Department of Art History and Visual Culture ABSTRACT THE BAROQUE IN GAMES: A CASE STUDY OF REMEDIATION by Stephanie E. -
Perpective Presentation2.Pdf
Projections transform points in n-space to m-space, where m<n. Projection is 'formed' on the view plane (planar geometric projection) rays (projectors) projected from the center of projection pass through each point of the models and intersect projection plane. In 3-D, we map points from 3-space to the projection plane (PP) (image plane) along projectors (viewing rays) emanating from the center of projection (COP): TYPES OF PROJECTION There are two basic types of projections: Perspective – center of projection is located at a finite point in three space Parallel – center of projection is located at infinity, all the projectors are parallel Plane geometric projection Parallel Perspective Orthographic Axonometric Oblique Cavalier Cabinet Trimetric Dimetric Single-point Two-point Three-point Isometric PARALLEL PROJECTION • center of projection infinitely far from view plane • projectors will be parallel to each other • need to define the direction of projection (vector) • 3 sub-types Orthographic - direction of projection is normal to view plane Axonometric – constructed by manipulating object using rotations and translations Oblique - direction of projection not normal to view plane • better for drafting / CAD applications ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS Orthographic projections are drawings where the projectors, the observer or station point remain parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection. Orthographic projections are further subdivided into axonom etric projections and multi-view projections. Effective in technical representation of objects AXONOMETRIC The observer is at infinity & the projectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection. A key feature of axonometric projections is that the object is inclined toward the plane of projection showing all three surfaces in one view. -
Have You Ever Used Two Picture Planes to Draw a Single Perspective View?
G e n e r a l a r t i c l e have you ever used Two Picture Planes to Draw a Single Perspective View? T o m á S G arc í A S A l gad o Apparently, the use of two picture planes to draw a single view has be a more versatile plane that in addition to representing not been attempted before. Most perspective methods, after Alberti, the appearance of 3D objects would also serve to measure take for granted the use of a single picture plane, disregarding its likely real dimensions? Such a plane, in Modular Perspective [3], use in dual positions. What if two picture planes are necessary to ABSTRACT draw a single view—for example, given a lack of spatial references at can be called the perspective plane (PPL). On the PPL one can ground level to estimate the distance between two objects? This article measure and draw directly the three modular coordinates of demonstrates that to draw the interior of a building from which another all points of interest of any given object in space. In other building can be seen about 190 m away, where the projection of such words, the PPL is a true three-dimensional plane, despite building on the first picture plane would be imprecise, it may be wise to actually being two-dimensional. use a second picture plane. This leads to consideration of how objects In addition, the PPL can be of any size, since all points are change shape as they move away from the viewer.