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Privatisation Du Renseignement? Privatisation du renseignement? Autor(en): Etienne, G. / Moniquet, C. Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Revue Militaire Suisse Band (Jahr): 151 (2006) Heft 4 PDF erstellt am: 27.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-346581 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Privatisation Privatisation du renseignement? Le renseignement d'Etat sera-t-il, ä l'avenir, privatise? Sans doute pas, mais l'extraordinaire proliferation, dans la decennie qui vient de s'ecouler, des agences, societes et autres bureaux specialises dans «l'intelligence economique», la securite des entreprises ou la «veille technologique», devrait, en toute logique, deboucher sur une certaine symbiose entre les secteurs prive et public1. guee une partie des activites du roma. Bref. une de ces histoires 1 G. Etienne; C. Moniquet secteur public. Dans certains africaines assez classiques dans domaines, ce ne serait d'ailleurs laquelle des putschistes succedent Elle favorisera sans doute. pas tellement neuf. Des groupes indefiniment ä des d'abord. une plus grande rotation de mercenaires (comme celui putschistes ä la tete de pays oublies des cadres et des personnels. du legendaire Bob Denard) ont des dieux. Une histoire qui, au On peut imaginer que. ete employes dans le passe pour passage, avait rapporte ä Sandline dans un avenir proche, des assurer la defense d'interets oc- une dizaine de millions de officiers de renseignement ayant cidentaux dans le tiers-monde. dollars d'honoraires payes sous quinze ä vingt ans de metier, et forme de concessions minieres atteignant donc la zone de tur- Une affaire qui a defraye la de diamants. bulences qui va de quarante ä chronique britannique ä la fin cinquante ans, decident d'aller des annees 1990 est d'ailleurs Lä oü les choses se compli- dans le passent pantoufler prive et exemplaire ä ce sujet. En 1997. quent quelque peu. c'est qu'une au service d'une compagnie Sandline International, une enquete des douanes britanniques specialisee avec armes et societe britannique specialisee dans - qui ne s'interessaient. les bagages. en Foccurrence. ce que l'on nomme pudiquement au depart, qu'ä l'aspect «trafic service techniques apprises au la «fourniture de moyens de d'armes» de Faffaire - a permis de et solide d'a- l'Etat un carnet securite». acheminait 35 tonnes d'arriver ä la conclusion que le dresses. La pratique est d'ailleurs d'armes et de munitions ache- commandkaire reel de ce tres courante dejä aux tees en Bulgarie, ä Fopposition nouveau coup d'Etat n"etait pas Etats-Unis, en Israel: en France, au gouvernement militaire de Fex-president revenu au pouvoir. le role d'anciens de la DST ou Johnny Paul Koroma. qui avait Ahmed Tejan Kabbah. mais bien de la DGSE dans certaines pris le pouvoir. en Sierra Leone, Peter Penfold, le haut-commis- grandes societes est un secret de une ancienne colonie britannique saire britannique ä la Sierra Leone. polichinelle. de FAfrique de l'Ouest, ä Et. derriere ce dernier. c'est la faveur d'un coup d'Etat. La la Silhouette de Robin Cook, le De meme la presence de ces compagnie londonienne. dirigee ministre des Affaires etrangeres anciens dans le prive devrait. par le lieutenant-colonel Tim lui-meme. qui se profile. Genant comme en Russie, favoriser une Spicer, un heros de Bosnie et de pour un travailliste dont le parti meilleure comprehension entre FUlster. n'en restait pas lä et a fait du strict respect des les societes specialisees et les allait, par la suite. organiser, en- decisions des Nations unies la pierre Services d'Etat: ceux-ci trainer et encadrer une force de angulaire de sa diplomatie. Or, pourraient etre tentes d'utiliser 40000 miliciens. les Katnajors. l'ONU avait interdit. par sa celles-lä pour fournir des cou- En mars, juste retour des choses. Resolution 1132, toute livraison vertures ä des agents ou des les Kamajors menaient ä bien d'armes aux parties en presence. Operations. Enfin, il est loin une offensive qui aboutissait au Curieusement. c'est le M16. d'etre exclu que leur soit dele- renversement de la junte de Ko¬ Service secret britannique, qui a mis ' Nous publions un passage de I 'article de G. Etienne et de C. Moniquet, paru dans Defense nationale de mai 2004. Merci ä son redacteur en chef d'en autorise la reprise. 27 Privatisation les Douanes sur la trace de protection de commandos des Denard, le chef de bataillon Roger Sandline International (ce qui Royal Marines, un helicoptere Faulques, un ancien semble prouver, pour le moins, MI-17 russe utilise par les parachutiste de la Legion etrangere que des tensions persistent entre pilotes de Sandline International quelque peu abime par son «public» et «prive»). Plusieurs durant l'offensive victorieuse passage dans les veritables camps perquisitions menees au mois des Kamajors? Tous avaient ete de concentration dans lesquels d'avril 1997 au QG londonien embarques ä bord de la fregate le Vietminh reeduquait ä coups de la societe ainsi qu'au domici- HMS Cornwall, qui s'etait offi- de privations et de seances le de Tim Spicer ont permis de ciellement rendue sur la zone d'endoctrinement ses prisonniers decouvrir de nombreux pour approvisionner Freetown de guerre, et meme des documents commerciaux relatifs ä ce en medicaments et en nourritu- Anglais commandes par Mike «contrat» peu orthodoxe. Les re. Autre revelation du Sunday Hoare («Mike le fou»), un avocats de Spicer, pour leur part, Times: Sandline avait informe, ancien officier de l'armee des crierent haut et fort que leur en temps reel, les Services de Indes devenu planteur en client disposait d'une autorisa- renseignements militaires de la Rhodesie. tion en bonne et due forme du progression des Operations en gouvernement. cours. Naissance d'une legende Tim Spicer On se trouve ici au carrefour - des vieilles traditions du mercenariat un profil type et des tendances Tout ce beau monde, dans nouvelles de «privatisation» des lequel la verite oblige ä dire que A quarante-cinq ans, Spicer a guerres. De longue date, en fait grenouillaient quelques speci- le profil type de ceux que la lit- essentiellement depuis la de- mens assez reussis d'evades terature de l'avant-guerre defi- colonisation, l'Afrique est le d'asiles psychiatriques, etait de- nissait comme «soldats perdus» champ clos sur lequel combat- chire par de sourdes lüttes in- et qu'on appelle aujourd'hui tent et, parfois, s'affrontent en testines. Au final, les soldats de Sa les «chiens guerre». carriere des lüttes fratricides les mercenaires. perdus qui encadraient gen- militaire dans les Scots Guards Mais le profil de ces darmes katangais de Tschombe est jalonnee d'etapes qui ont combattants atypiques a change. se sont battus trois ans face aux pour nom les Falklands, Belfast Au debut des annees 1960, soldats de l'ONU et, fortement et Sarajevo. Lorsqu'il quitte au Congo, le creuset oü s'est aides par la television, encore l'armee avec le grade de colonel, formee toute une generation de balbutiante mais qui repandait il a, outre une solide mercenaires, le recrutement des leur image aux quatre coins du experience les terrains ecrit les acquise sur combattants engages par globe, ont premieres d'operation les plus divers, un certaines societes minieres - voire pages de la legende moderne d'adresses bien des mercenaires. carnet rempli par le gouvernement beige - par dans se bousculent lequel exemple pour defendre le regime officiers, hauts fonctionnaires et de Tschombe au Katanga, L aventure se solde par une «politiques». Ce sont ces etait assez heteroclite. Parmi les longue retraite et une defaite contacts privilegi6s qui lui ont permis 655 soldats de fortune engages sans gloire. Mais, suivant le de faire de sa societe un sur le terrain au 1er mai 1961, on vieux precepte romantique selon instrument occulte de la politique trouvait de nombreux militaires lequel «les plus belles batailles etrangere du gouvernement de professionnels mais aussi des sont les batailles perdues», le Tony Blair. aventuriers, des tetes brülees, mythe du soldat de fortune nak des paumes, ou d'anciens plan- de cet echec. Avec son indispensable Comment expliquer autre- teurs en rupture de ban comme halo de mysterc comme ment ces photographies le Beige Jean Schramme, qui celui qui entourc le fantoma- publikes le 10 mai 1997 par le commandak le bataillon tique «tresor de guerre» des Sunday Firnes, et sur lesquelles Leopard. A leurs cotes apparais- mercenaires qui dormirait, on peut voir des mecaniciens de saient quelques Francais. Citons depuis trente-six ans, dans une la Royal Navy reparer, sous la pour memoire Robert («Bob») mine desaffectee du Katanga. 28 Privatisation Par la suite. on croise les me pro-OAS. succedent peu ä Derriere cette evolution. ce mercenaires dans toutes les guerres peu les vrais professionnels.
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