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Listeriosis in Europe • Epidemiological and Virological Assessment Of VOL.11 Issues 4-6 Apr-Jun 2006 EUROPEAN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE JOURNAL Listeriosis in Europe Euroroundup • Epidemiological and virological assessment of influenza activity in Europe Surveillance reports • Human infection with influenza A/H5N1 virus in Azerbaijan • Two outbreaks of measles in Germany, 2005 • SHORT REPORTS HIV in prisons FUNDED BY DG HEALTH AND CONSUMER PROTECTION OF THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES "Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on the behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the information in this journal. The opinions expressed by authors contributing to Eurosurveillance do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the European Commission, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), the Health Protection Agency (HPA) or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated" Eurosurveillance VOL.11 Issues 4-6 Apr-Jun 2006 Peer-reviewed European information on communicable disease surveillance and control Articles published in Eurosurveillance are indexed by Medline/Index Medicus C ONTENTS E DITORIALS 74 • Human H5N1 infections: so many cases – why so little knowledge? 74 Angus Nicoll • Listeria in Europe: The need for a European surveillance network is growing 76 Craig Hedberg Editorial offices • Infection risks from water in natural France and man-made environments 77 Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS) 12, rue du Val d’Osne Gordon Nichols 94415 Saint-Maurice, France Tel + 33 (0) 1 41 79 68 33 Fax + 33 (0) 1 055 12 53 35 O RIGINAL ARTICLES 79 UK Health Protection Agency Topic: Listeriosis in Europe Centre for Infections 61 Colindale Avenue • Surveillance of human listeriosis in France, 2001-2003 79 London NW9 5EQ, UK V Goulet, C Jacquet, P Martin, V Vaillant, Tel + 44 (0) 20 8327 7417 Fax + 44 (0) 20 8200 7868 E Laurent, H de Valk • Surveillance of listeriosis in Finland during 1995-2004 82 RESPONSIBLE EDITOR O Lyytikäinen, UM Nakari, S Lukinmaa, E Kela, Gilles Brücker (InVS, France) N Nguyen Tran Minh, A Siitonen MANAGING EDITORS • Significant increase of listeriosis in Germany – Hélène Therre (InVS, France) epidemiological patterns, 2001-2005 85 [email protected] J Koch, K Stark Elizabeth Hoile (HPA CfI, UK) [email protected] • Listeria outbreak associated with sandwich consumption from an hospital retail shop, UK 89 PROJECT LEADERS SJ Dawson, MRW Evans, D Willby, J Bardwell, Philippe Bossi (InVS, France) N Chamberlain, DA Lewis Noel Gill (HPA CfI, UK)) • Outbreak of human listeriosis associated with tomme cheese in northwest Switzerland, 2005 91 ASSISTANT EDITORS J Bille, DS Blanc, H Schmid, K Boubaker, Anneli Goldschmidt (InVS, France) A Baumgartner, HH Siegrist et al. [email protected] Farida Mihoub (InVS, France) [email protected] Surveillance reports 94 Candice Pettifer (ECDC, Sweden) [email protected] • Current trends in HIV/ AIDS epidemiology in Poland, 1999-2004 94 ASSOCIATE EDITORS M Rosinska Noel Gill (HPA CfI, UK) • Surveillance of human salmonellosis in Bulgaria, Stefania Salmaso (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 1999-2004: trends, shifts and resistance Italy) to antimicrobial agents 97 Henriette de Valk (InVS, France) G Asseva, P Petrov, I Ivanov, T Kantardjiev Norman Noah (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK) • SurvNet@RKI – a multistate electronic reporting Richard Pebody (HPA CfI, UK) system for communicable diseases 100 Kate Soldan (HPA CfI, UK) D Faensen, H Claus, J Benzler, A Ammon, T Pfoch, Karl Ekdahl (ECDC, Sweden) T Breuer, G Krause • SmiNet-2: Description of an internet-based surveillance EDITORIAL ADVISORS system for communicable diseases in Sweden 103 (see back cover) P Rolfhamre, A Jansson, M Arneborn, K Ekdahl www.eurosurveillance.org © Eurosurveillance, 2006 Eurosurveillance VOL.11 Issues 4-6 Apr-Jun 2006 Euroroundups 107 O UTBREAK DISPATCHES 140 • Travel-associated legionnaires’ disease in Europe: 2004 107 • Measles outbreak in Germany: over 1000 cases KD Ricketts, B McNaught, CA Joseph now reported in Nordrhein Westfalen 140 • Epidemiological and virological assessment of influenza U van Treeck activity in Europe, during the 2004-2005 winter 111 • Current legionellosis outbreak with 139 cases A Meijer, WJ Paget, TJ Meerhoff, CS Brown, in Pamplona, Spain 141 LE Meuwissen, J van der Velden, A Barricarte, M García Cenoz, J Castilla, P Aldaz European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) • Comparison of the European Union Disease S HORT REPORTS 141 Surveillance Networks’ websites 119 A Lenglet, G Hernández Pezzi • Flooding in Europe: a brief review of the health risks 141 P Vasconcelos and the Unit for Preparedness and Response Outbreak reports 122 • HIV transmission in part of the US prison system: implications for Europe 142 • Two clusters of human infection with influenza AC Testa, C Weilandt, F Ncube, ON Gill A/H5N1 virus in the Republic of Azerbaijan, February–March 2006 122 A Gilsdorf, N Boxall, V Gasimov, I Agayev, F Mammadzade, O THER ONLINE- ONLY CONTENT 144 P Ursu et al • Cryptosporidium outbreak linked to interactive water N ATIONAL BULLETINS feature, UK: importance of guidelines 126 M Jones, D Boccia, M Kealy, B Salkin, A Ferrero, G Nichols, JM Stuart • Outbreak of E. coli O157 infection in the south west of the UK: risks from streams crossing seaside beaches 128 C Ihekweazu, M Barlow, S Roberts, H Christensen, B Guttridge, D Lewis, S Paynter • Two outbreaks of measles in Germany, 2005 131 A Siedler, A Tischer, A Mankertz, S Santibanez • A regional outbreak of S. Typhimurium in Denmark and identification of the source using MLVA typing 134 M Torpdahl, G Sørensen, S Ethelberg, G Sandø, K Gammelgård, LJ Porsbo • An outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni associated with consumption of chicken, Copenhagen, 2005 137 A Mazick, S Ethelberg, E Møller Nielsen, K Mølbak, M Lisby The Eurosurveillance print edition is a compilation of weekly and monthly electronic releases published on the Eurosurveillance website. Only a representative selection of Eurosurveillance’s weekly release articles from each three month period are printed here, and the full listing of all Eurosurveillance articles can be found in the Archives section of the website. E DITORIAL H UMAN H5N1 INFECTIONS: SO MANY CASES – WHY SO LITTLE KNOWLEDGE? Angus Nicoll European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden This month edition contains an account of clusters of H5N1 flu’ does not encourage governments to allow immediate openness. infection in humans in Azerbaijan [1]. The account is doubly rare: Usually the problem is not that countries are reluctant to forward It describes the first occasion where the source is seemingly wild information, but rather that the required field investigations are birds. Reading what happened is reassuring as the people infected not being done to generate the data in the first place. Having had probably killed and defeathered infected swans. I.e. this was a practical guide to investigations would help and WHO and its not casual exposure to wild birds but rather qualitatively similar Regions are now developing one while ECDC is doing the same for to when humans are intimately exposed to sick domestic poultry, the European Union. Universal use of these and forwarding the which remains the most potent risk factor (one recent analytic study results would then allow WHO to populate a global dataset, at least came up with an odds ratio of 29 [2]). for newly identified clusters. The account is also rare as a peer-reviewed investigation of a This month edition contains an account of clusters of H5N1 cluster of human H5N1 infections. Since reporting began in 2004 infection in humans in Azerbaijan [1]. The account is doubly rare: there have been 218 confirmed cases in ten countries, mostly It describes the first occasion where the source is seemingly wild in small clusters and WHO has published some details of nearly birds. Reading what happened is reassuring as the people infected every one [3,4]. However the number of underpinning analytic had probably killed and defeathered infected swans. I.e. this investigative reports are embarrassingly small. was not casual exposure to wild birds but rather Consequently little more is known now than in qualitatively similar to when humans are intimately 1997 about an infection that seemingly remains If existing public health exposed to sick domestic poultry, which remains hard for humans to acquire, but is highly lethal measures and anti-virals are the most potent risk factor (one recent analytic when they do (48 of the 74 cases in 2006 died) study came up with an odds ratio of 29 [2]). [3-5]. The only multi-country review has very little to be most effective, countries The account is also rare as a peer-reviewed information on how transmissions take place and will need to have fast answers investigation of a cluster of human H5N1 what are the risks, apart from getting too close to infections. Since reporting began in 2004 there sick domestic poultry [6]. For example we still do to some important questions have been 218 confirmed cases in ten countries, not really know the reality or rate of asymptomatic from field investigations mostly in small clusters and WHO has published and mild human cases around these clusters. some details of nearly every one [3,4]. However While it is stated that there is no evidence that the number of underpinning analytic investigative such cases have occurred, a more accurate statement would be reports are embarrassingly small. Consequently little more is known that there are hardly any relevant serological data, but what little now than in 1997 about an infection that seemingly remains hard exists is consistent with few such cases, though equally there are for humans to acquire, but is highly lethal when they do (48 of the epidemiological data that suggest the opposite [5,6,7]. Equally 74 cases in 2006 died) [3-5].
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