Retrospektive Federico Fellini I N I L L E F

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Retrospektive Federico Fellini I N I L L E F Retrospektive Federico Fellini i n i l l e F o c i r e d e A T F S I V R E T 43 N I Gauner, Engel und Dolce Vita Motive und Themen, die sich früh ankündigen, schon Manche Filmemacher zeichnen sich durch einen derart in Roberto Rossellinis IL MIRACOLO. Fellini schrieb prägnanten und eigenwilligen Stil aus, dass man sie dafür die Story und stellte sich sogar als Darsteller zur relativ rasch identifizieren kann: Fassbinder, Hitchcock, Verfügung. Er spielt – die Haare blondiert und hübsch Dreyer, Bresson, Bergman, Antonioni, und nicht zuletzt gewellt – einen Wanderer, der die naive Nanni (Anna Fellini. Man zappt durchs TV-Programm, landet in Magnani), Ziegenhirtin in einem süditalienischen Berg - einem Spielfilm und ist sich schon nach wenigen Bild - dörfchen, mit einer Flasche Chianti trunken macht und erfolgen sicher: Das muss ein Fellini sein! Was ruft schwängert. 1948 gedreht, der zweite Teil von Rossel - diese Gewissheit hervor? Was nennen wir felliniesk? linis Diptychon L’AMORE, das »der Kunst Anna Magna - Markante Gesichter in Großaufnahmen, die wie mit nis« gewidmet ist. Der erste Teil, UNA VOCE HUMANA, staunenden Kinderaugen gesehen sind. Eine Erzähl - bietet ein fulminantes Magnani-Solo nach einem Einak - melodie, die unversehens von Melancholie ins Melo - ter von Jean Cocteau. Zentrale Figur von IL MIRACOLO dramatische moduliert und von dort ins Groteske. Die ist Nanni, eine geistig zurückgebliebene junge Frau, Stille nächtlicher Gassen, in denen Glockenläuten wi - eine Verrückte, eine Art »heilige Närrin« aus der Familie derhallt, kontrastiert mit der Turbulenz von Feier, Fest, jener Figuren, die Fellini in seinem Œuvre – von der Party. Es dauert bei Fellini nie lang, bis jemand zu tan - Gelsomina (Giulietta Masina) in LA STRADA bis zur Nar - zen anfängt, am liebsten Cha-Cha-Cha oder Mambo. renfigur Ivo (Roberto Benigni) in seinem letzten Film LA Pul sierendes Leben, dem der Puls gefühlt wird. Frauen - VOCE DELLA LUNA – besonders liebt und mit einer gestalten zwischen mädchenhafter, engelsgleicher Un - Poesie der Verrücktheit ausmalt. schuld und exzentrischer Attraktion. Und immer Nanni fällt deshalb auf den fremden Wanderer herein, schwingt eine Sehnsucht nach Verwandlung, Erlösung weil er genau so aussieht wie der Heilige Josef am oder Wunder mit. Josefs-Altar der Dorfkirche. Eine Wundererscheinung! Für Nanni ist er der leibhaftige Heilige Josef, und das der. Auch in OTTO E MEZZO, der Geschichte einer Kind, das sie unter ihrem Herzen trägt, muss das Erlö - künstlerischen Schaffenskrise, wird zum Schluss Rin - serkind sein. Als sie das lautstark verkündet, wird sie gelreihen getanzt. Der Rundtanz als Mandala der Ver - von den Dorfbewohnern grausam verspottet und da - söhnung mit dem Leben. vongejagt. Einsam und allein bringt sie das Kind zur * * * Welt, und hier ereignet sich dann das eigentliche Wun - Federico Fellini (192 0–1993) wuchs in Rimini auf, »ein - der, wenn Nanni plötzlich ruhig wird, alle Verrücktheit gezwängt zwischen Faschismus und Katholizismus« abstreift, mit der schlichten Fürsorge einer Mutter das (Tullio Kezich). Zeichnerisch begabt verschaffte er sich Neugeborene an ihre Brust legt, und also ikonogra - Luft mit Karikaturen und Comicstrips. Als er 18jährig phisch ein Marienbild darbietet. Wunder ereignen sich nach Rom übersiedelte, reüssierte er mit seinen Zei - bei Fellini nicht als übernatürliche Spektakel, sondern chenkünsten bei Satire-Journalen und Tageszeitungen. als schlicht-natürliche Momente des menschlichen Zu- Er verfasste tagebuchartige Kolumnen, arbeitete fürs sich-selbst-Findens. Radio, lernte dort die junge Schauspielerin Giulietta Wenn Fellini in einer Episode von LA DOLCE VITA das Masina kennen und heiratete sie 1943. Er entwarf Riesenspektakel einer Marienerscheinung in Szene Varieté-Shows, schrieb Drehbücher, war Assistent Ros - setzt, dann durchaus mit Lust an satirischer Überzeich - sellinis bei dessen Neorealismus-Klassikern ROMA nung und Aufblähung, »seinen Gongorismus pflegend« CITTÀ APERTA und PAISÀ. Fellini war also dabei, als (Ennio Flaiano). Aber die Gläubigen nimmt er in Schutz. das italienische Kino nach 1945 wie Phoenix aus der Deren Ergriffenheit wird nicht diffamiert, auch wenn die Asche erstand, ein Kino, das sich programmatisch erflehten Wunder nicht eintreffen. In LE NOTTI DI CABI - gegen das Heldenpathos und den Romanzen-Zucker - RIA nimmt die Titelheldin, eine Prostituierte vom Stadt - guss des Kinos der Mussolini-Ära absetzte. Er fasste i n rand Roms, an einer Marienwallfahrt teil. Inständig bit - seinen Wirklichkeitsbegriff allerdings weiter als die i l l tet sie die Mutter Gottes um das Wunder, dass sich ihr strengen Neorealismus-Theoretiker: »Nicht nur die ge - e F mühseliges, von bitteren Demütigungen gezeichnetes sellschaftliche Realität soll vorurteilsfrei geschildert o c i r Leben doch mit einem Schlag zum Guten wenden werden, auch die geistige Realität, die metaphysische e d möge. Dieses Wunder bleibt aus und es folgt ein herz - Realität, alles, was in einem Menschen vorkommt.« e F zerreißender Moment der Enttäuschtheit, den Giulietta Seine ersten beiden Filme – die Varieté-Hommage 44 Masina in ihrer komödiantischen Kindfrau-Manier un - LUCI DEL VARIETÀ (in Co-Regie mit Alberto Lattuada), vergesslich macht. Der schreckliche Augenblick, in und die Komödie einer Desillusionierung LO SCEICCO dem sich Cabiria auch noch von der Gottesmutter im BIANCO – fanden wenig Publikumsresonanz. Aber die Stich gelassen fühlt. Wie ein Wunder aber erscheint nächsten beiden, in denen er Giulietta Masina groß dann das Finale, wenn Cabiria nach ihrer schlimmsten herausbrachte, LA STRADA und LE NOTTI DI CABIRIA, Erniedrigung durch den Wald stolpert und auf eine wurden glänzenden Erfolge bei Publikum und Kritik, Gruppe singender und tanzender junger Leute trifft. Sie übertroffen nur noch vom internationalen Siegeszug reiht sich in deren Reigen ein und lächelt in die Kamera. von LA DOLCE VITA. Mit dem autobiographischen I VI - Sie lässt sich vom festlichen Strom des Lebens tragen, TELLONI fand er zu seiner Handschrift, mit LA DOLCE und dass sie dazu die innere Kraft findet, ist das Wun - VITA formte er sie meisterlich aus: Fellinis Geniestreich, der mit seiner Lebendigkeit und erzählerischen Freiheit aus allen Nähten zu platzen scheint. Ein Füllhorn an A funkelnden Charakterporträts und prophetischen Schil - D A derungen einer dekadenten, aus den Fugen geraten - R T S den Gesellschaft im Übergang von der Nachkriegszeit A L u zur Wirtschaftswunder-Ära. Marcello Mastroianni als z n e t Marcello Rubini: römischer Boulevard-Journalist und i e b r Weiberheld, der seine schriftstellerischen Ambitionen a h e r aufgesteckt hat und sich im Milieu der Möchtegern- D i e Promis, der abgewrackten Adligen und zwielichtigen b i n i l Neureichen tummelt. An seiner Seite der Fotograf Pa - l e F parazzo, der zum Namensgeber aller sensationslüster - o c i r e nen Boulevard-Fotografen werden sollte. d e F An LA DOLCE VITA lässt sich beispielhaft studieren, was man Fellinis ekstatische Erzählform nennen Wesen. Innerstes Thema aller Fellini-Filme ist die könnte. Nicht nur, dass hier – wie bei allen Fellini-Fil - Suche nach Inspiration und Schöpfertum, nach Erfin - men – fortwährend Partys, Volksfeste, religiöse Feiern dungskraft und gestalterischer Lebendigkeit. Das oder auch private Orgien stattfinden, die Episoden fol - männliche Potenz-Thema in künstlerischem Zusam - gen prinzipiell einer Rausch-Ernüchterung-Logik und menhang. Wenn die Inspiration ausbleibt, versiegt das zeichnen eine feierdramaturgische Wellenbewegung: Schöpferische und der Künstler stürzt in die Krise. zuerst die Ansammlung von Personen und Energien, Davon erzählt OTTO E MEZZO: Krise des renommierten sodass sich das Geschehen aus der Prosa des Alltags erhebt, sich dann auftürmt, aufgipfelt, und schließlich abbricht in einen Augenblick der Ernüchterung und A Des illusionierung. I R I B Wenn Sylvia (Anita Ekberg), ein US-Starlet vom Typus A C I Sexbombe, in Rom eintrifft, dann gibt es zuerst einige D I T nächtliche Partyszenen in antikem Ambiente mit Cha- T O N Cha-Cha und Rock’n’Roll (der junge Adriano Celen - E L r tano), dann entführt Marcello Sylvia in seinem Sport - ü f r a wagen. Sylvia, berauscht von Rom, Wein und Tanz, ant - c s O wortet dem Hundegebell am Stadtrand mit Wolfsge - m e d heul, streift mit Marcello durch Altstadtgassen und fin - t i m det ein kleines, schneeweißes Kätzchen, das sie sich i n i l l auf den Kopf setzt. Fellini kostet alle Situationen bis zur e F i o c Neige aus. Und dann – man hört den Stundenschlag n i i r l e l der Kirchenglocken – die berühmteste aller Szenen: d e e F F das Bad im Trevi-Brunnen. Marcello will Sylvia küssen, d o n c u i a sie tupft ihm Wasser wie bei einer Taufe aufs Haar, und r n i e s d an dieser Stelle wird plötzlich die Wasserzufuhr des a e M F a Brunnens abgestellt. Der Tag bricht an. Ernüchterung. t t e i l Fellini der Nacht-Mensch. Er liebte das Geheimnis der u i 45 Nacht. Erstaunlich, wie er in dieser DOLCE-VITA-Nacht G einer eigentlich banalen Starlet-Erscheinung nahezu Filmregisseurs Guido, der wieder von Marcello Mastroi - naturdämonische Züge verleihen kann. Tatsächlich er - anni – hier als offensichtliches alter ego Fellinis – ver - scheint Sylvia vor der Brunnenkulisse mit Felsenland - körpert wird. Mit OTTO E MEZZO beginnt eine Schaf - schaft, Götterstatuen und Wasserfall in ihrem langen fensphase, in der sich Fellini – inspiriert von der Begeg - Abendkleid wie eine Meeresnixe. Eine der berühmtes - nung mit C. G. Jungs Traumtheorie und Arche typen -
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