Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University Vol. 42, Art. 5, p.69-83, March, 1999

Middle-Late Permian Radiolarians from the Guangyuan-Shangsi Area, Sichuan Province, China

YAO Akira and KUWAHARA Kiyoko

Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558­ 8585, Japan

Abstract The Middle - Late Permian radiolarian fossils on the Yangzi Platform were examined in the Changjianggou section of the Guangyuan - Shangsi area, Sichuan Province, China. On the basis of the characteristic radiolarian species, the upper part of the Maokou Formation of this area is correlated with the Pseudoalbaillella globosa Assemblage Zone, and the upper part of the Dalong Formation may correspond to the Neoalbaillella optima Assemblage Zone of South­ west Japan. The faunal features of both the Middle and Upper Permian in this section are characterized by a small number of species of Albaillellaria, Entactinaria, and Spumellaria. It is considered that the faunal difference between that of the Yangzi Platform and Southwest Japan is dependent on the depth of the sedimentary site of the radiolarian-bearing deposits in each area. One species of Neoalbaillella from the upper part of the upper Upper Permian Dalong Formation is described as a new species.

Key words: Middle - Late Permian, Permian I Triassic boundary, Radiolaria, Guangyuan - Shangsi area, China

in stratigraphically continuous bedded chert sections, and the Introduction Upper Permian radiolarian biostratigraphy has been revised (Kuwahara et aI., 1998). The Late Permian radiolarian fau­ The Guangyuan - Shangsi area is located on the north­ nal analysis has also been carried out in Japan since the 1990's. western margin of the Sichuan basin, and is about 230 km Kuwahara and Yao (1998) have made clear the faunal feature northeast of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (Fig. 1). The of Late Permian radiolarians, which is represented by high area is on the northwestern margin of the Yangzi Platform. diversity of specific composition. These radiolarians repre­ The Permian and Triassic strata of shallow marine facies are sent the low latitudinal pelagic fauna of Panthalassa. widely distributed in the area (Fig. 2). These strata yield many various macro- and microfossils. These fossils represent the

shallow marine faunas of the eastern margin of the Paleo­ -~----.--...... __ ._---~ ...-,-- Tethys during Permian-Triassic time. On the basis of bio­ stratigraphical studies, the stratigraphic relationship between the Permian and the Triassic is conformable in the area (Li et aI., 1989). However, detailed radiolarian biostratigraphical study and radiolarian faunal analysis have not yet been car­ ried out in this area. In the Guizhou and Guangxi areas, the occurrence of Late Paleozoic radiolarians was preliminarily reported from shallow marine sediments on the Yangzi Plat­ CHINA form by Yao et al. (1993). On the other hand, the study of Permian radiolarians has progressed rapidly in Southwest Japan since the 1980's. In 500km the early stage, the outline of Permian radiolarian biostrati­ graphy was set up mainly in bedded chert sequences of the Tamba - Mino Terrane (e.g. Ishiga, 1990). Subsequently, the Fig. I. Index map of the Guangyuan-Shangsi area, Sichuan Prov­ biostratigraphy has been re-examined by detailed researches ince, China. 70 Middle-Late Permian Radiolarians from the Guangyuan-Shangsi Area. Sichuan Province. China

...... r------t.:::::: :. :-..-----r=--r--t:::::::::::_·:.

Jurassic Triassic Permian 5 km Pre-Permian

Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the Guangyuan-Shangsi area (after Li et al.. 1989) showing the locality of the Changjianggou section.

From the above-mentioned present status of Permian ra­ E and dipping 30° to 40° SE in the section. On the basis of diolarian study, it is first important to analyze the radiolarian studies on this section by Li et al. (1989) and the present au­ faunal composition in the reliably age-determined sediments thors, the lithofacies and paleontologic data are briefly sum­ based on other index fossils. Fortunately, the Changjianggou marized below (Fig. 3; Table 1). section is reliably age-determined by ammonoids, bivalves The Maokou Formation consists mainly of gray limestone and conodonts. Moreover, it is necessary to clarify the dif­ beds with thin chert layers and chert nodules (Fig. 4A), and ference of radiolarian faunal composition between the Yangzi the beds are partly silicified and dolomitized. This formation Platform and Southwest Japan. In this paper, we will report abundantly yields fossils of fusulinaceans, smaller foramini­ the occurrence of Middle to Late Permian radiolarians from fers, brachiopods, bivalves, conodonts, and radiolarians. the Changjianggou section and discuss their ages and faunal The Wangpo Formation is represented by thin beds (total features. thickness: 2 - 3 m) of claystone with fossils of gastropods and bivalves. The relationship between the Maokou and Geologic setting Wangpo Formations is paraconformable. The Wujiaping Formation (total thickness: 59 m), which The Paleozoic and Mesozoic on the Yangzi Platform have conformably overlies the Wangpo Formation, is mainly com­ many well-preserved stratigraphic records. The Chang­ posed of gray, bedded micritic limestone beds with chert lay­ jianggou section is especially well known as the complete ers and chert nodules. This formation yields fusulinacean boundary section between the Permian and Triassic (Wignall fossils, Codonojusiella kueichoensis Sheng (Beds 6 and 10) et aI., 1995). According to Li et al. (1989), the Changjianggou and C. asiatica Maclay, C. simplex Yang and others (Bed 9). section is composed of continuous sedimentary sequences of Other fossils, such as brachiopods, ostracods, smaller fora­ the Maokou Formation (Beds I to 3; the upper Middle Per­ minifers, and conodonts, are abundantly included in this for­ mian), the Wangpo Formation (Bed 4), the Wujiaping For­ mation. mation (Beds 5 to to; the lower Upper Permian), the Dalong The Dalong Formation consists of 42 m of well-bedded Formation (Beds 11 to 27c; the upper Upper Permian) and micritic limestone, siliceous claystone, carbonaceous mud­ the Lower Member of the Feixianguan Formation (Beds 28 stone and radiolarite. Beds 16 to 27c of this formation abun­ to 51 ; the lower Lower Triassic), in ascending order. These dantly yield some species of ammonoids (Fig. 4B), and espe­ formations make a homoclinal structure striking N 40°- 50° cially many species belonging to Pseudotirolites, YAO Akira and KUWAHARA l(jyoko 71

() I I en I en I R256 I <{ I 28 I I a:: I t------' R255 ~~R246~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------~ Ioo----r- R254 R245 I R~4 W ~ ____ R253 ~ R231------, I R252

"""-16-77'L...- R236 : I I R244 I R251 V7)'777.~ R235 : ~ 15 R234 : 19 R243 ~ 14 R233 : R242 ~ R250 13 R232 : ~ R228-231 : ~ 11 R249 t----1~-~'Jl..r~"""",:JJ'...4' R227 I R231: \ 22 R248 R226 ~ \ R241 \ I R230 I I R225 I I R240 I I 11' , ~ R247 R224 \ R229 R239 \ 21 z I R228 I I « R223 I I 18 I ~ ~ c: \ 10 1 \ R238'- w ~~II--R222 I a.. r.....-~.~_R221 I I I R220 I R237 I R219 I R218 R217 I; ~~ER216 ,. t R215 R214 R213 ~ R212 mudstone R211 IIllIID claystone with coal seam R210 R209 _limestone I I E I I ~ micritic limestone o ~ micritic 1st, carbonaceous C\J E-R208 ~ mst and radiolarite

O1angjianggou

Fig. 3. Column of the Changjianggou ection in the Guangyuan-Shangsi area.

Pleuronodoceras, Pernodoceras, Pseudogastrioceras, is composed mainly of mudstone and limestone beds, con­ Pachydiscoceras, Changsingoceras, Chaotianoceras, formably overlies the Dalong Formation (Fig. 4C-E). The Rotodiscoceras, and Qianjiangoceras have been found in Bed boundary between these two formations corresponds to the 22. Other fossils, such as brachiopods, bivalves, rugo as, Permian / Triassic boundary. The lowermost part (Beds 28 smaller foraminifers, and conodonts are also obtained from and 29) of the Lower Member consists of thin bedded yel­ this formation. The uppermost part (Bed 27c: Fig. 4E) of this low-green mudstone, and yields conodont fossils, Clarkina formation includes conodont fossils, Clarkina subcarinata subcarinata Sweet, C. changxingensis Wang and Wang, weet and C. changxingensis Wang and Wang, and ammo­ Anchignathodus decresens Dai and Zhang, and A. minutus nite ?Huananoceras sp. (Ellison)(Bed 29), and bivalve fossils, Claraia wangi Patte The Lower Member of the Feixianguan Formation, which and C. griesbachi (Bittner). 72 Middle-Late Permian Radiolarians from the Guangyuan-Shangsi Area, Sichuan Province, China

Table 1. Occurrence of microfossils in the Changjianggou section.

ro~ (1) § ~ ..... ro (1) ...c: 'C '2 ro c: ~ Bed Sample ro (1) 0 Formation Lithofacies 0 (1) '§ OJ:) N "8 "0 0 c: 0 ..... No. No. ro c: 0 c: ...c: :.a ~ 0 :.a CI:l ro 0 0.. C 0 ~ (..I.. r/) co ~ u u: R259 gray mudstone layer (1 cm) 29 R258 greenish mudstone layer (4 cm) Feixianguan R257 brownish mudstone layer (20 cm) 28 R256 yellowish mudstone and acidic tuff layer (3 cm) 27 R255 gray mudstone layer (4 cm) 26 R254 gray silicified limestone layer (2 cm) + + + R253 gray silicified limestone layer (3 cm) + 24 R252 gray silicified limestone layer (2 cm) R251 gray silicified limestone layer (5 cm) + R250 gray chert layer (2 cm) + + 22 R249 gray chert layer (2 cm) + + R248 gray-white chert nodule (5 cm) in limestone R247 gray-white chert nodule (5 cm) in limestone + + 21 R246 gray chert nodule (20 cm) in limestone + + 20 R245 gray chert layer (2 cm) in limestone + + R244 black muddy limestone layer (4 cm) + + + 19 R243 black muddy limestone layer (7 cm) + + Dalong R242 black muddy limestone layer (5 cm) + + R241 black chert layer (5 cm) + + + R240 black chert layer (5 em) + + 18 R239 black chert layer (2 em) + R238 black calcareous mudstone layer (6 cm) R237 black chert layer (3 em) 16 R236 black calcareous mudstone layer R235 black calcareous mudstone layer 15 R234 black calcareous mudstone layer (8 cm) 14 R233 black micritic limestone layer 13 R232 black chert nodule (15 cm) in limestone + + + R231 black limestone layer R230 black limestone layer + 11 R229 black chert layer (2 em) in limestone R228 black chert layer (2 cm) in limestone + R227 black chert nodule (20 cm) in limestone + 10 R226 black chert nodule (20 cm) in limestone + + + + + 9 R225 black chert nodule (50 cm) in limestone + + R224 black chert layer (15-20 cm) in limestone + 7 R223 gray chert nodule (25 cm) in limestone + + + Wujiaping R222 gray chert nodule (30 cm) in limestone + 6 R221 black chert layer (15 cm) in limestone + + R220 black chert nodule (20 cm) in limestone + + R219 black chert layer (3-5 cm) in limestone + 5 R218 dark gray chert nodule (20 cm) in limestone + R217 black chert nodule (10 cm) in limestone + + R216 dark gray siliceous mudstone layer (5 cm) + R215 black chert layer (15 cm) in mudstone + + + R214 black chert layer (15 cm) in limestone + + + + R213 black mudstone layer (2 cm) in limestone Maokou R212 black chert layer (3-5 cm) in limestone + + + + + R211 black chert nodule (20 cm) in limestone + R210 black chert nodule (50 cm) in limestone R209 black mudstone layer in limestone R208 calcareous mudstone layer in limestone YAO Akira and KUWAHARA Kiyoko 73

. , ~;,;l' ., ;, i;(lf" ~,,~. : ~;~'~ ,.~ ?1- ~~ Fig. 4. Photographs of the Middle - Upper Permian and the Lower Triassic in the Changjianggou section. (A) Black chert layers and nodules intercalated in limestone of the upper part of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation. (B) Mode of occurrence of am­ monoids in the Upper Permian Dalong Formation. (C) The Permianffriassic boundary. A white thin layer is the boundary bed of the Permianffriassic, which is pointed out by Dr. Yang (left side) and Dr. An (center). An outcrop behind Dr. Ezaki (right side) is enlarged in photos D and E. The left side of the boundary bed is the Triassic Feixianguan Formation and the right side is the Permian Dalong Formation. (D-E) Close-up of the boundary bed (a white bed at a handle of hammer). The bed numbered as SCN­ 249 corresponds to the bed no. 27 of Li et al. (1989) which is the uppermost bed of the Dalong Formation. 74 Middle-Late Permian Radiolarians from the Guangyuan-ShangsiArea, Sichuan Province, China

Fig. 5. Microfossils from the Upper Permian of the Changjianggoll section. 1-3. Bryozoa (1. R226, 2. R246, 3. R247), 4. Echinoderm (Ophiocistoidea) sclerite (R226). Scale bar: 100~.

samples. Their horizons and the stratigraphic distribution of Materials and treatment each species are shown in Fig. 6. The radiolarian fauna of each sample is composed of only Rock samples for examination of radiolarian fossils were one species (R212, R217, R220, R225, and R226) to a maxi­ collected from 52 points (R208 - R259) in the Changjianggou mum of 14 species (R247). The individual number of ex­ section. The lithofacies and horizon of each rock sample are tracted radiolarians from each rock sample (about 50 g) by shown in Table 1 and Fig. 3, respectively. Most of samples one chemical treatment ranges from several to several hun­ were collected from siliceous layers or siliceous nodules in dred specimens. limestone beds of the Permian. Some samples were from siliceous or calcareous mudstone beds. Four rock samples Systematic Paleontology from the Lower Triassic are all mudstone. Rock samples were immersed in a 5 per cent solution of Type and figured specimens are registered in the Depart­ hydrofluoric acid for 24 hours. Residues were obtained by ment of Geosciences, Osaka City University (numbers OCD using 35 to 200 mesh sieves. Radiolarians and other micro­ PR 0279 - OCU PR 0283). fossils within the residue were picked up under a binocular microscope and mounted on hole slide and on a sample holder Order Polycystina Ehrenberg, 1838, emend. Riedel, of the scanning electron microscope. 1967 Suborder Albaillellaria Deflandre, 1953, emend. Occurrence of microfossils Holdsworth, 1969 Family Albaillellidae Deflandre, 1952, emend. Some of rock samples from the Maokou, Wujiaping and Holdsworth, 1977 Dalong formations along the Changjianggou section contain Genus Neoalbaillella Takemura and Nakaseko, 1981 microfossils, such as radiolarians, foraminifers, sponges, bryo­ Type species: Neoalbaillella ornithoformis Takemura and zoans, echinoderms, and conodonts (Table 1). Concerning Nakaseko, 1981 conodonts, Li et al. (1989) reported several species from each sample of many horizons. In this study, one specimen of the Neoalbaillella antaixiangi Yao and Kuwahara, n. sp. conodont fossil Clarkina sp. was found from gray chert of (PI. 2, Figs. 1-5) sample R249. Bryozoan fossils (Fig. 5-1, 2, 3) from R223, R226, R245, R246, and R247 are similar in shape to the bryo­ Diagnosis: Neoalbaillella having lace-like ventral and zoan zooids reported from the Lower and Middle Permian of dorsal wings. Sicily (Italy) by Kozur (1993). One specimen of echinoder­ Description: Apical cone is conical and imperforate, matous (Ophiocistioidea) sclerite (Fig. 5-4), Microantyx cf. curves to ventral side. Pseudothorax and pseudoabdomen sosioensis Kozur and Mostler (Catalano et aI., 1991) was cylindrical, with horizontal rows of windows. Internal trabe­ found from R226 sample of the upper part of the Wujiaping culae lying between each row on inner surface. Ventral and Formation. Radiolarian fossils were obtained from 19 rock dorsal rods are straight. Two lace-like wings protrude on YAO Akira and KUWAHARA Kiyoko 75

20 m

.j>. I\) ~ (Jl C1> ..... 0 ,ii ~

...... ~ ~ ...... p~~~~ Q) ~ CO Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis CO o Pseudoalbaillella ct. fusiformis c: Pseudoalbaillella ct. globosa Pseudoalbaillella ct. nanjingensis Albaillella sp. NeoalbaiJIella antaixiangi Entactinia ct. itsukaichiensis Entactinia sp. Entactinia? sp. K Entactinosphaera? sp. CA Entactinosphaera? sp. J Entactinosphaera sp. C Entactinaria A Entactinaria B Copicyntra? sp. Copicyntra sp. B Copicyntra? sp. C Latentifistula sp. CA Latentifistula sp. CB Nazarovella gracilis Nazarovella? sp. Ishigaum trifustis Ishigaum obesum Stauraxon D Staurolonche sp. A Orbiculiforma? sp. CA Orbiculiforma? sp. CB Spumellaria A Spumellaria CA Spumellaria CB Spumellaria CC Spumellaria CD Spumellaria CE Spumellaria CF Spumellaria CS

Fig. 6. Stratigraphic distribution of radiolarians in the Changjianggou section. See Fig. 3 for legend.

ventral and dorsal sides. Wings are platy with serrated edges. like wings. This N. antaixiangni closely resembles N. op­ Several pores arranged on wings, are lace- or web-like. tinw.. But N. optima has ladder-shaped wings. N. antaixiangni Remarks: Studied specimens are not well preserved, but resembles Albaillellaforemanae by having lace-like wings. the diagnostic features as a new species is clearly observed. However, this species differs from A.foremanae by the struc­ This species differs from other neoalbaillellids by having lace- ture of the pseudothorax and pseudoabdomen. 76 Middle-Late Permian Radiolariansfrom the Guangyuan-Shangsi Area, Sichuan Province. China

Etymology: This species is named after Professor AN uppermost radiolarian zone of the Permian (Kuwahara et aI., Taixiang, Peking University, in honor of his study of the Pa­ 1998). The occurrence of these closely related species is re­ leozoic in China. stricted to the Upper Permian. The uppermost part of the Type material: Holotype is OCUPR 0281 (PI. 2, Fig. 3); Dalong Formation may be correlated with the Neoalbaillella paratype is OCUPR 0280 (PI. 2, Fig. 2). optima Assemblage Zone. This is the first information that a Photographed material: Five specimens. species of Neoalbaillella occurs from the reliably age-deter­ Measurements:(in micrometers) mined sediments with ammonoids. Max.height Width of shell Width of shell The lowest part of the Feixianguan Formation yields some Specimen of shell with wing without wing species of earliest Triassic bivalves and conodonts (Li et aI., OCUPR 0279(PI. 2, Fig. I) 250 208 75 1989) as mentioned above. In this study we could not find OCUPR 0280(PI. 2, Fig. 2) 250 (183) 71 radiolarian fossils from fine-grained clastics of the Lower Tri­ OCUPR 028 I(PI. 2, Fig. 3) 233 196 67 assic Feixianguan Formation, which covers conformably the Occurrences: Late Permian. This species occurs from Upper Permian Dalong Formation. R247, in the Changjianggou section, Sichuan, China. 2. Faunal features Radiolarian assemblages The faunal features of both Middle and Late Permian ra­ diolarians from the Changjianggou section are characterized 1. Age and correlation by a small number of species of Albaillellaria, Entactinaria According to Li et al. (1989), the uppermost part of the and Spumellaria. Even the maximum number of species is Maokou Formation (Bed nos. I- 3) yields many conodonts, 14 in sample R247 from the Dalong Formation. Almost all such as Jinogondolella aserrata, and others, which are as­ samples yield several species. Albaillellarians are especially signed to Middle Permian (late Artinskian - early Guadalpian) very restricted in specific number and the horizon of occur­ time. From these beds (R212, R214 - R216), Pseudo­ rence from the Dalong Formation. albaillellafusiformis (PI. I, Figs. 1,5-11, 13), P. cf. fusiformis, Compared with the Changjianggou section, the radiolar­ P. cf. globosa (PI. I, Figs.14, 15), and P nanjingensis (PI. I, ian fauna from the Upper Permian bedded chert sections of Fig. 12) were found. Among these radiolarian species, Southwest Japan is characterized by a high diversity in the Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis is the characteristic species of number of species. According to Kuwahara and Yao (1998), the Pseudoalbaillella globosa Assemblage Zone and is as­ the radiolarian faunas in the Gujo-hachiman section of the signed to Middle Permian time (Ishiga, 1986). The upper­ Mino Terrane are composed of about 70 to 100 species in most part of the Maokou Formation is correlated with the each rock sample from the bedded chert sequence. Concern­ Pseudoalbaillella globosa Assemblage Zone, based on the ing the albaillellarians, each rock sample of the Gujo­ above-mentioned radiolarian data. hachiman section has ten-odd species, and the maximum num­ The upper part of the Wujiaping Formation (Bed no. 9; ber reaches up to 25 species. R225 horizon) yields many fusulinids, Codonofusiella The radiolarians from the Changjianggou section repre­ kwangsiana, and others (Li et aI., 1989), which are assigned sent the fauna of low latitudinal, shallow marine facies on to early Late Permian (Wujiapingian) time. The lower and the Yangzi Platform during Middle to Late Permian time, on upper parts (R217, R220, R225 and R226) of the Wujiaping the basis of general reconstruction of paleogeography (e.g. Formation contain only one species of Spumellaria. Because Condie and Sloan, 1997, Fig. 11-5). On the other hand, the of absence ofalbaillellarians, it is not correlated with the Japa­ Middle - Late Permian radiolarians from bedded cherts of nese Permian radiolarian zones. Southwest Japan were derived from low latitudinal pelagic The upper part of the Dalong Formation (Beds nos. 16- environment in the Panthalassa (Yao and Kuwahara, 1997). 27) contains many species of ammonoids (Li et aI., 1989) as The sedimentary sites of these bedded cherts are supposed to mentioned in the chapter of geologic setting of this paper. be deep sea floor. It is considered that the faunal difference These ammonoids are assigned to late Late Permian between them depended on the depth of the sedimentary site (Changxingian) time. The R239 - R254 horizons, which cor­ of the radiolarian-bearing deposits in each area. respond to Beds nos. 18 - 26, yield many species of radiolar­ ians (Pis. 2, 3). Among them one species of Albaillellaria, Acknowledgements Neoalbaillella antaixiangi described as a new species in this paper, is contained. This species is similar to Neoalbaillella The senior author (Y AO) wishes to express his sincere optima in basic shell structure. In Southwest Japan, the gratitude to the late Professor AN Taixiang of Peking Univer­ Neoalbaillella optima Assemblage Zone was set up as the sity, who arranged, guided, and helped the field survey in YAO Akira and KUWAHARA Kiyoko 77

China, and to thank Drs. YANG Soren (Peking University) Kozur, H. (1993) Upper Permian Radiolarians from the Sosio and EZAKf Yoichi (Osaka City University) who helped the Valley Area, Western Sicily (Italy) and from the Upper­ field survey in China. most Lamar Limestone of West Texas. Jb. Geol. G. -A., band 136, 99-123. References Kuwahara K. and Yao A. (1998) Diversity of Late Permian radiolarian assemblages. News ofOsaka Micropaleon­ Catalano, R., Di, S. P. and Kozur, H. (1991) Permian tologists, Spec. Vol., no. II, 33-46. (in Japanese with circumpacific deep-water faunas from the western Tethys English abstract) (Sicily, Italy) - new evidences for the position of the Per­ Kuwahara K., Yao A. and Yamakita S. (1998) Reexamina­ mian Tethys. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, tion of Upper Permian radiolarian biostratigraphy. Earth Palaeoecology, 87, 75-108. Science, 52, 391-404. Condie, K. C. and Sloan, R. E. (1997) Origin and Evolution Li Z., Zhan L., Dai J., Jin R., Zhu X., Zhang 1., Huang H., Xu ofEarth: principles ofhistorical geology. Prentic Hall, D., Van Z. and Li H. (1989) Study on the Permian ­ Inc., New Jersey, 1-498. Triassic biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy of north­ Deflandre, G. (1952) Albaillella nov. gen., Radiolaire fossile ern Sichuan and southern Shanxi. People's Republic of du Carbonifere inferieur, type d'une lignee aberrante China, Ministry ofGeology and Mineral Resources, Geo­ eteinte. Acad. Sci. Paris, Comptes Rendus, 234, 872­ logical Memoirs, ser. 2, no. 9, 1-435. (in Chinese with 874. English summary) Deflandre, G. (1953) Radiolaires Fossiles. In Grasse, P. P. Riedel, W. R. (1967) Subclass Radiolaria. In Harland, W. (ed.): Traite de Zoologie, Masson, Paris, 1, 389-436. R. et al. (eds.): The Fossil Record. Geol. Soc. London, Ehrenberg, C. G. (1838) Ober die Bildung der Kreidefilsen London, 291-298. und des Kreidemergels durch unsichtbare Organismen. Takemura A. and Nakaseko K. (1981) A new Permian radi­ Abh. Kg!. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 59-147. olarian genus from the Tamba Belt, Southwest Japan. Holdsworth, B. K. (1969) The relationship between the Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., no. 124,208­ genus Albaillella Deflandre and the ceratoikiscid 214. Radiolaria. Micropaleontology, 15,230-236. Wignall, P. B., Hallam, A., Lai X. and Yang F. (1995) Holdsworth, B. K. (1977) Paleozoic Radiolaria: Stratigraphic Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Permian /Trias­ distribution in Atlantic borderlands. In Swain, F. M. (ed.), sic boundary at Shangsi (N. Sichuan, China). Historical Stratigraphic micropaleontology ofAtlantic basin and Biology, 10, 175- 189. borderlands. Elsevier, 169-184. Yao A. and Kuwahara K. (1997) Radiolarian faunal change Ishiga H. (1986) Late Carboniferous and Permian radiolar­ from Late Permian to Middle Triassic times. News of ian biostratigraphy of Southwest Japan. Jour. Geosci., Osaka Micropaleontologists, Spec. Vol., no. 10,55-75. Osaka City Univ., 29, 89-100. (in Japanese with English abstract) Ishiga H. (1990) Paleozoic radiolarians. In Ichikawa K., Yao A., Yu J. and An T. (1993) Late Paleozoic radiolarians Mizutani S., Hara I., Hada S. and Yao A. (eds.): Pre­ form the Guizhou and Guangxi areas, China. Jour. Cretaceous terranes ofJapan, Pub. IGCP 224, Osaka, Geosci., Osaka City Univ., 36,1-13. 285-295.

Manuscript received November 24, /998. Revised manuscript accepted December 2, /998. 78 Middle-Late Permian Radiolariansfrom the Guangyuan-Shangsi Area, Sichuan Province, China

Explanation of Plate 1

Photomicrographs of Middle Permian Albaillellaria (Radiolaria) from the Changjianggou section in the Guangyuan-Shangsi area, China. Scale bars: 100jtm.

Figs. 1,5-11, 13. Pseudoalbaillellafusiformis (Holdsworth and Jones) 1. R212 5. R215 6. R215 7. R215 8. R216 9. R216 10. R216 t 1. R216 13. R216 Figs. 2-4. Pseudoalbaillella sp. 2. R212 3. R214 4. R214 Fig. 12. Pseudoalbaillella nanjingensis Sheng and Wang, R216. Figs. 14-15. Pseudoalbaillella cf. globosa Ishiga and lmoto 14. R215 15. R216 YAO Akira and KUWAHARA Kiyoko 79

Plate 1 80 Middle-Late Permian Radiolarians from the Guangyuan-ShangsiArea, Sichuan Province, China

Explanation of Plate 2

Photomicrographs of Late Permian Albaillellaria and stauraxon Spumellaria (Radiolaria) from the Changjianggou section in the Guangyuan-Shangsi area, China. Scale bar: 100,,",111.

Figs. 1-5. Neoalbaillella antaixiangi Yao and Kuwahara, n.sp. 1. OCUPR0279, R247 2.0CUPR0280, R247, paratype 3.0CUPR0281, R247, holotype 4. OCUPR0282, R247 5. OCUPR0283, R247 Fig. 6. Albaillella sp., R247 Fig. 7. Latentifistula sp. CA, R240 Fig. 8. Nazarovella sp., R250 Fig. 9. Nazarovella gracilis De Wever and Caridoroit, R240 Fig. 10. Ishigaum obesum De Wever and Caridroit, R240 Fig. 11. Ishigaum trifustis De Wever and Caridroit, R240 Figs. 12-13. Stauraxon incertae sedis D 12. R240 13. R240 YAO Akira and KUWAHARA Kiyoko 81

Plate 2 82 Middle-Late Permian Radiolarians from the Guangyuan-Sfwngsi Area, Sichuan Province, China

Explanation of Plate 3

Photomicrographs of Late Permian spherical radiolarians from the Changjianggou section in the Guangyuan­ Shangsi area, China. Scale bar: 100/-Ull.

Fig. 1. Copicyntra sp. B, R247 Fig. 2. Copicyntra? sp. C, R247 Fig. 3. Copicyntra sp., R247 Fig. 4. Copicyntra sp., R250 Fig. 5. Entactinia cf. itsukaichiensis Sashida and Tonishi, R247 Fig. 6. Entactinia ? sp. K, R247 Figs. 7-10. Entactinia? spp. 7. R240 8. R240 9. R240 10. R239 Fig. 11. Entactinosphaera? sp. CA, R247 Fig. 12. Entactinosphaera? sp. J, R247 Fig. 13. Entactinosphaera? sp. C, R247 Fig. 14. Orbiculiforma? sp. CA, R250 Fig. 15. Orbiculiforma? sp. CB, R251 Figs. 16-17. Staurolonche? sp. A 16. R247 17. R247 Fig. 18. SpumellariaA, R247 Figs. 19-21. Spumellaria CA 19. R247 20. R247 21. R251 Fig. 22. Spumellaria F, R254 Fig. 23. Spumellaria CE, R250 Figs. 24-26. Spumellaria CS 24. R250 25. R250 26. R251 YAO Akira and KUWAHARA ](jyoko 83

Plate 3