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Network-Compute Co-Design for Distributed In-Memory Computing” Advisors: Prof Network–Compute Co-Design for Distributed In-Memory Computing Alexandros Daglis Ph.D. Thesis July 6, 2018 Thesis Committee Prof. Babak Falsafi, Prof. Edouard Bugnion, thesis directors Prof. Paolo Ienne, jury president Dr. Paolo Faraboschi, external examiner Prof. James Larus, internal examiner Prof. Gurindar Sohi, external examiner Communication and Information Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland T¨c paideÐac êfh tὰς μὲn ûÐzac εἶnai πικράς, tὸn δὲ καρπὸn γλυκύν. — Aristotèlhc The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. — Aristotle To my family Acknowledgements My PhD journey has undoubtedly been the most challenging and, at the same time, most rewarding so far in my life. A journey that transformed me into a better person and taught me the true value of perseverance, team work, empathy, and patience. I would not have been able to reach the finish line if it weren’t for the wonderful people around me; people who were always there to magnify the joy of the best moments; people who would always support and help me push through the hardest times. To all of these people, I owe my deepest gratitude. It is therefore apposite to start this thesis by thanking them. First and foremost, I am grateful to my advisors, Babak and Ed. Babak has been a constant source of stimulation to keep pushing myself out of my comfort zone, a practice instrumental to my success. He taught me the importance of asking the right questions and taking a step back to look at the big picture. Babak’s attention to detail and quest for perfection confirms that the "the path of virtues goes through toils". I am grateful for the great group culture Babak has inculcated in the PARSA group, which forms strong ties between students; I truly hope to succeed in achieving the same with my future research group. Finally, I can’t help but blame Babak for spoiling me regarding coffee. He made sure that PARSA always had arguably the best espresso at (at least) EPFL. As a consequence, it has become a real challenge to find passable coffee outside the lab... On the bright side, if everything else fails, I’ve acquired sufficient knowledge about great espresso to become a half-decent barista. It was a true honor to have Ed as a co-advisor. Thanks to Ed, I was involved in a great research project of much wider breadth than my initial research direction plans, which were limited to a narrower classic computer architecture scope. His astonishingly strong networking and systems background and his immense industry experience have been truly inspiring and have played a i Acknowledgements key role in broadening my research horizons. I want to thank Ed for that, and for always being exceptionally empathetic, generous, and pragmatic. Next, I would like to thank Jim Larus, Guri Sohi, Paolo Faraboschi, and Paolo Ienne for the honor of serving in my PhD thesis committee. Hadi Esmaeilzadeh and Abhishek Bhattacharjee have been selflessly offering me invaluable advice and support in academic matters. Boris Grot has been a very close collaborator and mentor, from whom I have learned a great lot. In several ways, he has been like a third advisor to me. Stanko Novakovic and Dmitrii Ustiugov have been close collaborators in most of the work I did as part of my thesis and other exciting research projects, but have also been great friends. Thank you for making my PhD journey more fruitful and exciting! An integral part of academia is continuous learning and bequeathing that acquired knowledge through teaching. For my academic inclination I am greatly indebted to the great teachers I’ve had throughout my life. I have been fortunate enough to have had several great teachers, who constantly inspired me to pursue knowledge and excellence. I would like to explicitly thank two of them here. First, my Computer Architecture professor and mentor throughout my undergraduate studies at NTUA, Nectarios Koziris. In addition to giving me invaluable advice on how to start building a successful career early on, he is also an excellent teacher whose enthusiasm and positivity inspired my passion for Computer Architecture. Second, I would like to deeply thank Giorgos Despotidis. Being an excellent violin teacher was the least of his qualities; a man of exemplary kindness and dignity, with a deep love for his discipline, he has been a role model for me in several aspects. Maestro, may you rest in peace. You are deeply missed... The next group of people that deserves my gratitude is the PARSA lab. The strong collaborative group culture was among the best experiences during this PhD. My daily interactions with my peers have been a great source of learning. First, I’d like to thank Javier Picorel, my office mate for many years, with whom we’ve been through a lot: occasions good and bad, funny and sad. His positivity and support helped me keep my sanity. We had a really good run; I often reminisce about all the jokes and fun times we shared. Next, I’d like to thank Mario Drumond and Arash Pourhabibi for being not only great colleagues, but also awesome friends and neighbors. They have been a lot of fun to hang out and argue with. I’m grateful to Sotiria Fytraki and the "fantastic ii Acknowledgements four"—Stavros Volos, Onur Kocberber, Cansu Kaynak, and Djordje Jevdjic—who were senior PhD students when I first joined PARSA. I bugged them a lot, but also learned a lot from them. I will always very fondly remember our PARSA ski trips together and the legendary Las Vegas excursion after ASPLOS 2014. Finally, I would like to thank Mark Sutherland—on whom befell the demanding task of replacing Javier as my office mate, Sid Gupta—also my gym buddy who made sure I never skipped leg day, Hussein Kassir—our official FPGA prototype-er, Nooshin Mirzadeh, and Zilu Tian. I want to thank PARSA’s administrative and technical staff, for always offering top-quality support above and beyond their duty. Stéphanie has always been extremely friendly and helpful with every minor or major headache related to bureaucracy, event organization, French translation, etc., making sure the rest of us can focus on our academic goals and duties. Rodolphe, our remarkable sysadmin, made sure all lab compute infrastructure was running like clockwork, and was always available and responsive in the most critical situations (e.g., dealing with the joys of a whole cluster going down on a Saturday night, just a few days before a deadline). I’ve been fortunate to have an amazing group of people to spend my limited leisure time with in Lausanne: enjoying good beer, watching movies, attending the long-established Burger Nights, or, of course, having our infamous philosophical discussions of critical importance regarding what constitutes a computer or a root or whether infinite sentences are a thing (yes, this is as confusing as it sounds). I want to thank Manos, Eleni, Pavlos, Nathalie, and Christos for making Lausanne feel like home. Of course, nothing would have been the same without the jolly Greek and EPFL gang: Stefanos, Natassa, Iraklis, Vasilis, Panagiotis, Stella, Matt, Onur, Jean, Farah, Apostolis, Thodoris, Myrsini, Katerina, Loukia, Iliana. I am very grateful for to my friends from the good old times back in Greece, who are now spread out all over the world. Our emotional proximity makes up for the petty inconvenience of physical distance; the memories of all the great times we’ve had together are lifelong companions and sources of joy. I want to thank all of of these cherished friends. My dear high-school friends, Orestis, Vilma, Andreas, and Thodoris. My childhood friends Xenofon and Vasilis. My close friends and once-upon-a-time neighbors, Nicholas and Despina (a.k.a. Cuervo, and also the closest I’ve had to a sister) . The "tsouvlia" team from the Rosarte choir: Thanos, Sofia, Sofia iii Acknowledgements Jr., Miranda. The NTUA gang: Leonidas, Mary, Nikos, Ignatios, Ersi. Rea, for her friendship, wisdom, support, and invaluable advice over the past decade. I am looking forward to happy get-togethers around the globe for years to come! Last but not least, I want to thank my family, from the bottom of my heart, for their endless love, support, and encouragement, during my PhD and my whole life. My parents, Ioannis and Anna, for eagerly offering me more than I could ever ask for; for bringing me up in a loving environment; for teaching me all things important: principles, ethics, justice, empathy, gratitude, honesty... and so much more. I could not have asked for better parents, and for that I am extremely fortunate and grateful. My dearest brothers, Thanasis and Dimitris, have been the best company to grow up with. I am very proud of you both and feel blessed to have you. My grandparents—Alexandros, Anthi, Thanasis, Vasiliki—for living a hard life to provide a better future for their children and grandchildren. My dear uncles, Stathis, Fotis, and Dimitris; my aunt Maria, who has been like second mother, and my cousins Eleni and Theofanis for their unconditional love. Finally, my very own person and partner in crime, Kyveli. You have been my safe haven, inspiration and joy for the past decade, and I am looking forward to spending a lifetime with you. I love you. This thesis would not have been possible without numerous funding sources. I am thankful to Babak for making sure I never had to worry about funding. My PhD research has been partially supported by an EPFL Fellowship, a Microsoft Research Fellowship, the EuroCloud project of the 7th Framework Program of the European Commission, the Workloads and Server Architecture for Green Datacenters project of the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Nano-Tera YINS project, the Scale-Out NUMA project of the Microsoft-EPFL Joint Research Center, and the CHIST-ERA DIVIDEND project.
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