Strategies for Energy Efficiencies in Transportation (“SEET”)
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Final Report Strategies for Energy Efficiencies in Transportation (“SEET”) Prepared by the Hawai‘i Energy Policy Forum University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Funded and supported by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration State of Hawai‘i Department of Transportation, Highways Division O‘ahu Metropolitan Planning Organization Hawai‘i Community Foundation, Koaniani & Omidyar Funds June 2010 ii Table of Contents List of Tables..................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgment and Disclaimer.............................................................................................. vii About the Authors ...................................................................................................................... vii Energy Efficiency in Transportation Strategies Working Group........................................... ix Hawai‘i Energy Policy Forum Membership Organizations ..................................................... x Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction and Background ..................................................................................................... 3 Background........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Objectives of the Study.................................................................................................................................... 4 Overview of the Report ................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 6 Study Design ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Survey Questionnaire....................................................................................................................................... 6 Data Collection: Telephone Survey .............................................................................................................. 9 Data Weighting of the Survey Sample .......................................................................................................10 Data Collection: Web Survey.......................................................................................................................11 Data Analysis............................................................................................................................... 12 Residence: Type of Dwelling, Length of Residence, and Location ......................................................12 Household: Size, Children under 18 Years, and Family Income .........................................................13 Ethnicity, Education, and Employment.....................................................................................................14 Activities ...........................................................................................................................................................16 Findings and Recommendations................................................................................................ 17 The Impact of High Gas Prices in 2008 on Travel Behavior.................................................................17 Findings............................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Policy Discussion and Recommendations............................................................................................................. 19 Vehicle Use, Ownership & New Purchases...............................................................................................20 Findings............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Policy Discussion & Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 28 Public Transit: Bus Transit.........................................................................................................................29 Findings............................................................................................................................................................................. 29 Policy Discussion and Recommendations............................................................................................................. 31 Public Transit: Planned O‘ahu Rail System............................................................................................32 Findings............................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Policy Discussion & Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 33 Lifestyle Adjustments If Gas Prices Rise Again ......................................................................................33 Findings............................................................................................................................................................................. 33 Policy Discussion & Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 37 Exemplary Policies at the State and Federal Level.................................................................. 38 Clean Vehicles and Efficient Use.................................................................................................................39 Clean Fuels....................................................................................................................................................................... 40 Smart Growth and Public Transit ............................................................................................................................. 41 Future Applications and Next Steps.......................................................................................... 45 Major References........................................................................................................................ 46 Appendices Appendix 1 Telephone Survey Instrument Appendix 2 Web Survey Instrument Appendix 3 Promotional Efforts for the Web Survey A. List of Efforts to Promote Surveys from June 2009 B. Notice in Hawaiian Electric Company’s newsletter, ConsumerLine (June 2009) C. Honolulu Advertiser article (July 3, 2009) D. Pacific Business News article (August 28, 2009) E. Promotional link on http://www.hawaiienergypolicy.hawaii.edu/ F. Promotional flyer Appendix 4 Zip Code Definitions of O‘ahu Geographic Districts Appendix 5 Attitudes Toward Transit Oriented Development: Results of a Joint Telephone and Web-based Survey in Honolulu during Summer 2009 (Peter Flachsbart and Makena Coffman Appendix 6 Bus Ridership: Understanding Factors and Demand for Transit in Hawai‘i (Gabrielle Sham) Appendix 7 Incentives and Rebates for Purchase and Use of Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Appendix 8 The Massachusetts Smart Growth/Smart Energy Program iv List of Tables Table 1: Sample Design for the 2009 Telephone Survey of Trip-Makers......................................9 Table 2: Age and Gender Population Estimates for the State of Hawai‘i by County...................10 Table 3: Present Dwelling Arrangement.......................................................................................12 Table 4: Number of Years Living in Hawai‘i...............................................................................13 Table 5: Location of Residence....................................................................................................13 Table 6: Number of People Living in Household.........................................................................13 Table 7: Number of Households with Children under 18.............................................................14 Table 8: Family Income................................................................................................................14 Table 9: Ethnicity..........................................................................................................................14 Table 10: Education—Last Grade Completed...............................................................................15 Table 11: Place of Employment.....................................................................................................15 Table 12: Respondents Employed in More than One Job..............................................................15 Table 13: Respondent’s Activities During the Last Week.............................................................16 Table 14: Respondents Who Reduced Number of Miles Driven When Gasoline Prices Went Above $4.00 per Gallon in 2008...................................................................................17 Table 15: Respondents Who Coped with High Gas Prices in 2008..............................................18