DOCSLIB.ORG

Volume 5 Number 1, Fall 1992

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Volume 5 Number 1, Fall 1992 Hemisphere Volume 5 Article 1 Issue 1 Fall 1992 Volume 5 Number 1, Fall 1992 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere Part of the Latin American Studies Commons Recommended Citation (1992) "Volume 5 Number 1, Fall 1992," Hemisphere: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere/vol5/iss1/1 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Kimberly Green Latin American and Carribbean Center (LACC) Publications Network at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hemisphere by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume 5 Number 1, Fall 1992 This issue is available in Hemisphere: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/lacc_hemisphere/vol5/iss1/1 Hemisphere A MAGAZINE OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN AEEAIRS Fall 1992 Volume Five • Number One Seven Dollars Gendered Injustice: Law, Society and Prostitution Tina Rosenberg, Hoivard W French, John M. McClintock, Aliana Gonzalez Free Markets or Protectionism? The EC and Bananas Brent Borrell, Sandy Cuthbertson, Cresencio Arcos, Michael A. Samuels, Canute James, Eben Shapiro A Greek or an Aztec? Rodolfo J. Cortina Rodriguez Rabanal on the Peruvian Extreme Maingot on Half Measures in Haiti Taylor Valdes on GATT and Patents Vega on the Impact of Post-Castro Cuba Swafford on the Stale Coffee Market Kyle on the Ecuadoran-New York Circuit Hemisphere A MAGAZINE OF LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN AFFAIRS Fall 1992 Volume Five • Number One Seven Dollars EDITORIAL STAFF COMMENTARY Editor: A nthony P. Maingot Deputy Editor: Richard Tardanico Associate Editors: Eduardo A. Gamarra, The Roots of Peru’s Deterioration by Cesar Rodriguez Rabanal 2 Mark B. Rosenberg Assistant Editor: Sofia A. Lopez Haiti: The Futility of Half Measures by Anthony P. Maingot 4 Book Review Editor: Kathleen Logan Bibliographer: Marian Goslinga Editorial Assistant: Rene Ramos Circulation Manager: Raqueljurado REPORTS Copy Editor: Michael B.Joslyn Production Assistants: Mercy Diaz, Cristina Finlay, Patent Pressures by Mia Taylor Valdes 6 Teresita Marill If Castro Should Fall... by Bernardo Vega 10 CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Awash in Coffee by David Swafford 12 Jan et M. Chernela Raul Moncarz Elena dejongh Lisandro Perez The Ecuadoran-New York Nexus by David Kyle 15 Damian J. Fernandez Luis P. Salas Dennis J. Gayle Kevin A. Yelvington EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD FAXFILE 18 Don Bohning Guido Pennano Ettore Botta A lejandro Portes Wolf GrabendorfF Sally Price Alistair Hennessy David Ronfeldt FEATURES Harry H oetink Selwyn Ryan Franklin W. Knight Steven E. Sanderson Vaughan Lewis Saskia Sassen Gendered Injustice Larissa A. Lomnitz Andres Serbin A braham F. Lowenthal Carol A. Smith Women and the Law by Tina Rosenberg 20 Andres O ppenheim er Yolande Van Eeuwen Robert A. Pastor Arturo Villar Exporting Daughters by Howard W. French 25 AnthonyJ. Payne Ju an Yaries Sex and Tourism in Cuba by John M. McClintock 27 Hemisphere (ISSN 08983038) is published three times a year (Fall, Winter/Spring, and Summer) Venezuela’s New Trade Commodity by Aliana Gonzalez 29 by the Latin American and Caribbean Center of Florida International University. Copyright © 1992 Profile: Prostitutes in Bogota 31 by the Latin American and Caribbean Center, Flor­ ida International University. All rights reserved. Free Markets or Protectionism? Hemisphere is dedicated to provoking debate on the problems, initiatives, and achievements of Latin EC Banana Policies by Brent Borrell and Sandy Cuthbertson 32 America and the Caribbean. Responsibility for the views expressed lies solely with the authors. Hey Mister Tallyman . by Cresencio Arcos 35 EDITORIAL, CIRCULATION, AND ADVERTIS­ Creating a Banana Fortress by Michael A. Samuels 38 ING OFFICES: Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University, University Banana Splits by Canute James 40 Park, Miami, Florida 33199. Telephone: (305) 348- 2894. FAX: (305) 348-3593. Please address m anu­ The Great Banana War by Eben Shapiro 42 scripts and editorial correspondence to the Deputy Editor. SUBSCRIPTIONS: US, USVT, PR, and Canada: $20 REVIEW FORUM a year; $36 for two years. Elsewhere: $27 a year; $50 for two years. Please make check or money Narcissus Gazes in the Fountain by Rodolfo J. Cortina order (US currency only) payable to Hemisphere. 44 Credit card orders (MC/VISA only) are also acceptable. PUBLICATIONS UPDATE This docum ent was produced at a cost o f $6,058.00 or $3.03 p er copy. Street People in Latin America by Marian Goslinga 46 C 0 M M E The Roots of Peru’s Deterioration by Cesar Rodriguez Rabanal he profound deterioration work, infractions were regarded as up in a violent environment, he or of Peruvian society—an actions against the collectivity that she becomes an adult whose per­ extreme example of a had to be countered by similarly sonality is scarred by violence. The more general Latin Amer­ violent actions. manifestations are many, such as ican trend— is rooted in apathy, psychosomatic ills, depres­ the structure and culture sion, and, of course, physical vio­ of pre-Columbian society. This as­ In this war nearly lence itself. Most basically, violent sertion does not imply that contem­ practices consolidate impulses that porary manifestations of Peruvian all the dead and are not only destructive but self­ and regional deterioration are ho­ destructive as well. Thus, in addi­ mogeneous, inevitable, and irre­ missing belong to the tion to the physical destruction it versible. Nevertheless, it does causes, violence blocks the develop­ provide us with a framework both mestizo and Indian ment of human capabilities. for untangling the roots of deterio­ populations that ration and for planting the seeds of The Peruvian Extreme an alternative society based on par­ constitute the low end ticipatory democracy, equitable de­ The Peruvian case represents an ex­ velopment, and the nurturing of of the socioeconomic treme example of the general de­ human capabilities in multiethnic terioration occurring in Latin settings. hierarchy. America. Contemporary Peru is in the second decade of an internal The Pre-Columbian Heritage war that began in the Southern The installation of Spanish rule Andes but now encompasses virtu­ In the historical civilizations based introduced new rules to the system. ally the entire country. The war has in modern-day Peru and Mexico, These rules contrasted dramatically claim ed m ore than 20,000 lives. conflicts between cultivators and with the existing principle of equi­ Eyewitness accounts describe a ter­ the state predated the arrival of the ty, centering rather on the domina­ rifying world in which extreme pov­ Spaniards; authoritarian forms of tion of one group over the other, erty becomes interwoven with both compulsion were imbedded in na­ justified not only on economic but preindustrial and postindustrial tive culture. Be that as it may, one also cultural and ethnic grounds. forms of violence. of the central functions of the pre­ Scholar Alberto Flores Galindo Because Peruvian society is colonial state—the carrying out of documents the fact that, far from multiethnic and multicultural, its redistributionist policies—changed coming to an end with the achieve­ members live within a rigidly de­ drastically with the arrival of the ment of national independence fined hierarchy of social strata Europeans, giving way to arbitrari­ from Spain, culture and ethnicity with minimal and highly distorted ness and violence. became even more decisive factors channels of interstratum commu­ To be sure, violence played a in Latin American social stratifica­ nication. Peruvian society’s com­ fundamental part in the pre-Colum- tion. bination of heterogeneity and bian social system of reciprocity. As It is within these historically rigidity permits the coexistence of such, violence represented socially rooted social and cultural struc­ certain democratic freedoms, such recognized norms and was part of tures so conducive to violence that as press and speech, with a large- customary law. Within this frame- the psychic structure of the Latin scale dirty war. In this war nearly all American individual tends to be the dead and missing belong to the shaped. While the weight of vio­ mestizo and Indian populations Cesar Rodriguez Rabanal is director of lence varies across Latin America, that constitute the low end of the the Centro Psicoanalisis y Sociedad, in violence is more or less an intrinsic socioeconomic hierarchy. As is cus­ Lima, Peru. He is the author of Las part of the process of personality tomary under dictatorial regimes, cicatrices de la pobreza (Caracas: formation throughout the region. this dirty war is being carried o u t in Editorial Nueva Sociedad, 1989). To the degree that a child grows the name of “national security.” 2 Hemisphere • Fall 1992 Not surprisingly, therefore, the and a large-scale exodus of the reinsertion of the country into the notion of human rights has little population’s best educated and international financial community. resonance in public opinion. most talented. This process has Peruvian society must transcend Those who shape public opinion greatly weakened Peru’s potential the reigning technocratic per­ in Peru are the privileged groups— for political and economic recon­ spectives, recognizing that state the social elite that orchestrates the struction. The hemorrhaging of policies must not disregard the in­ state’s policies and actions, rather existing talent, combined with ob­ terests of the very people for whom than the vast majority that absorbs stacles to the development of new they are ostensibly designed. For the powerful impact of its social human capability posed by the this to happen, the state’s policies and racial discrimination. deepening poverty and misery of must be based on the politics of Against this backdrop, societal today’s children (i.e., tomorrow’s inclusion, not exclusion. The no­ values appear to be devoid of con­ adults), has grave implications for tion of a multiethnic, multicultural tent. Most persons come to feel as Peru’s future social, economic, and Peru must be embraced, not de­ though they do not take an active political development.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE LEGALIZATION of PROSTITUTION: a Violation of International Law Dianne Post 1826 E Willetta St Phoenix, AZ 85006-3047 602-271-9019 Pho/Fax Email
    THE LEGALIZATION OF PROSTITUTION: A Violation of International Law Dianne Post 1826 E Willetta St Phoenix, AZ 85006-3047 602-271-9019 pho/fax email: [email protected] www.diannepost.net www.diannepost.com October 2010 Introduction ―The prostitution of women and girls for profit is one of the fastest growing global enterprises, …‖1 It is now ranked by the United Nations as number two in international crime, tied with illegal arms sales and only trailing illegal drug sales. 2 “ Trafficking in women and children is a growing worldwide problem that needs to be tackled on a global and national level. Women and children are particularly vulnerable to this modern form of slavery. Of the estimated 600,000 to 800,000 people trafficked across international borders each year approximately 80 percent are women and girls and up to 50 percent are minors. The rate of paid-for sex with women has doubled in a decade, reveals research in Sexually Transmitted Infections. The findings are based on the results of two national surveys of 11,000 British adults in 1990 and 2000 (Natsal). Respondents were asked about their sexual lifestyles and attitudes to sex. Men were asked if they had ever paid for sex. In 1990, 5.6 percent of the men said they had paid for sex at some time during their lives, with two percent saying they had done this within the previous five years, and 0.5 percent within the past year. Ten years later, the comparable figures were twice as high.3 The increase in trafficking and prostitution coincides with more countries suggesting that legalization and thus normalization of prostitution is permissible.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Construction of Tourism in Cuba: a Geographic Analysis of the Representations of Gender and Race During the Special Period 1995-1997
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2003 The Social Construction of Tourism in Cuba: A Geographic Analysis of the Representations of Gender and Race during the Special Period 1995-1997 Michael W. Cornebise University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Geography Commons Recommended Citation Cornebise, Michael W., "The Social Construction of Tourism in Cuba: A Geographic Analysis of the Representations of Gender and Race during the Special Period 1995-1997. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2003. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/1987 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Michael W. Cornebise entitled "The Social Construction of Tourism in Cuba: A Geographic Analysis of the Representations of Gender and Race during the Special Period 1995-1997." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Geography. Lydia Mihelič Pulsipher, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Thomas Bell, Ronald Foresta, Todd Diakon Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Michael W.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex and State Making in Revolutionary Cuba, 1959-1968
    SEX AND STATE MAKING IN REVOLUTIONARY CUBA, 1959-1968 Rachel M. Hynson A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2014 Approved By: Kathryn J. Burns Emily Susan Burrill John Charles Chasteen Miguel La Serna Raúl Necochea López Lars Schoultz ©2014 Rachel M. Hynson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT RACHEL M. HYNSON: Sex and State Making in Revolutionary Cuba, 1959-1968 (Under the direction of Kathryn J. Burns) This dissertation explores the construction of the revolutionary state in order to trace the entwinement of familial health and national security during the first decade of the Cuban revolution. It analyzes campaigns deployed by government officials to remake sexual norms and produce families deemed healthier than those under capitalism. More specifically, my dissertation examines state efforts that normalized patriarchy by criminalizing abortion, legitimized marriage through collective weddings, schematized the workforce by condemning female prostitution, and restructured economic gender roles via the rehabilitation of chulos (loosely translated as “kept men”). Through close analysis of print media, speeches, travel narratives, and oral histories, my work makes two major contributions to the study of Cuban sexuality. First, by joining prerevolutionary context to an analysis of revolutionary policies, I demonstrate that the sexual behaviors lauded by state officials as new measures of revolutionary well-being were in fact traditional criteria recycled from prior Cuban regimes. Second, I assert that revolutionary leadership of the 1960s attempted to remake the state by challenging popular definitions of terms such as marriage, family planning, sex worker, and chulo.
    [Show full text]
  • Murder in San Isidro: Crime and Culture During the Second Cuban Republic Author(S): MAYRA BEERS Source: Cuban Studies, Vol
    University of Pittsburgh Press Murder in San Isidro: Crime and Culture during the Second Cuban Republic Author(s): MAYRA BEERS Source: Cuban Studies, Vol. 34 (2003), pp. 97-129 Published by: University of Pittsburgh Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24487879 Accessed: 30-03-2019 19:37 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University of Pittsburgh Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Cuban Studies This content downloaded from 129.171.178.63 on Sat, 30 Mar 2019 19:37:34 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms MAYRA BEERS Murder in San Isidro: Crime and Culture during the Second Cuban Republic ABSTRACT This article uses the murder of a well-known politician in Cuba, Alberto Yarini y Ponce de Leôn, who was also a celebrated pimp, to delve into questions of national identity and nationalist discourse. The theoretical framework relies on the importance of gender images and prostitution in nation-building rhetoric, arguing that these matters have been used in support of political interests. Its methodology analyzes the tensions and ambiva lence surrounding Cuban national identity in the first two decades of the republic.
    [Show full text]
  • “¿Qué Dice Usted?”: Discourses of Femininity in Nueva Trova
    “¿QUÉ DICE USTED?”: DISCOURSES OF FEMININITY IN NUEVA TROVA CUBANA by JULIANNE L. GRAPER A THESIS Presented to the School of Music and Dance and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 2014 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Julianne L. Graper Title: “¿Qué Dice Usted?”: Discourses of Femininity in Nueva Trova Cubana This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the School of Music and Dance by: Juan Eduardo Wolf Chairperson Loren Kajikawa Member Carlos Aguirre Member and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2014 ii © 2014 Julianne L Graper iii THESIS ABSTRACT Julianne L. Graper Master of Arts School of Music and Dance June 2014 Title: “¿Qué Dice Usted?”: Discourses of Femininity in Nueva Trova Cubana Following the Revolution of 1959, the Cuban government implemented policy reforms geared towards increasing women’s rights. Despite these efforts, however, sexism persists in Cuban society. This difference between rhetoric and reality is reflected in the song genre, nueva trova, which foregrounds a progressive agenda for women’s rights but continues to marginalize their participation. Prominent nueva trova performers Silvio Rodríguez and Pablo Milanés advocate women’s rights in their songs, but their music remains couched in patriarchal structures that prevent women from speaking for themselves. Sara González, one of the first prominent female nueva trova composers, was able to integrate into government-supported trova institutions by adopting a masculine, revolutionary aesthetic, which she then adapted to feminist themes to combat the ideological disparity.
    [Show full text]
  • Privatization Reforms and the Cuban Tourism Industry: a Reflection on the Benefits and Consequences Blair Bradford
    University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound International Immersion Program Papers Student Papers 2015 Privatization Reforms and the Cuban Tourism Industry: a Reflection on the Benefits and Consequences Blair Bradford Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/ international_immersion_program_papers Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Blair Bradford, "Privatization Reforms and the Cuban Tourism Industry: A Reflection on the Benefits nda Consequences," Law School International Immersion Program Papers, No. 4 (2015). This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Papers at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Immersion Program Papers by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Blair Bradford Privatization Reforms and the Cuban Tourism Industry: A Reflection on the Benefits and Consequences During the second-half of the twentieth-century, Cuba’s tourism industry experienced multiple cycles of expansion and contraction. Before Castro’s Revolution in 1959, the Cuban tourism industry was entirely privatized, often with American ownership. After 1959, the country immediately nationalized the industry and then experimented with a mixture of state-owned and privatized models, each having a varying degree of success. Because privatization is generally disfavored by communist governments, it is unsurprising that privatization in the Cuban tourism industry has been limited and has usually only occurred in times of desperate economic need. Previous growth of the tourism industry produced two negative consequences: the growth of inequality among the Cuban population and the resurgence of prostitution and sex tourism. Because of these phenomena and other ideological concerns, the Cuban government has been wary of further growth through privatization.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolution Is Such a Beautiful Word! Literary Journalism in Castro's Cuba
    9 Revolution Is Such a Beautiful Word! Literary Journalism in Castro’s Cuba Juan Orlando Pérez González University of Roehampton, U.K. The predictable discourse of Cuba’s communist news media has occasion- ally been challenged by literary journalists who have offered some surpris- ingly rich, and politically uncomfortable, interpretations. here were a few people in Havana, around the end of the 1980s, who Tknew who Tom Wolfe was. How they had come to know him is difficult to explain. None of the books written by Wolfe until that time had been pub- lished in Cuba. Neither The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby nor The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. Neither The Pump House Gang, nor The Right Stuff, nor, crucially, The New Journalism. Yet, some people knew who Tom Wolfe was and were also somewhat knowledgeable about the New Jour- nalism itself. Spanish translations of Wolfe’s manifesto had found their way into Castro’s Cuba, and some writers, journalists, and university lecturers had read it. Wilfredo Cancio, then a young student at the Faculty of Journalism of the University of Havana, has recalled how he and his classmates got hold around 1987 of a Spanish edition of The New Journalism on which they put a cover with the uninviting title Minutes of the Congress of the Union of Cuban Journalists.1 At the time, being in possession of a foreign book was still some- thing most people would wisely not boast about. Contemporary American writers were not the kind of authors the ideologues of the Party would recom- mend to the younger generation.2 And literary journalism, those ideologues would have said, was most likely another dangerous foreign creation that had nothing to do with journalism in a socialist society.3 Literary Journalism Studies Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Tourist Hearts: Love, Money and Ambiguity in Relationships Between Cuban Women and Foreign Men by Anne-Mette Groth
    Managing Tourist Hearts: Love, Money and Ambiguity in Relationships between Cuban Women and Foreign Men by Anne-Mette Groth Hermansen B.A., University of Copenhagen, 2006 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Anthropology Anne-Mette Groth Hermansen, 2010 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Managing Tourist Hearts: Love, Money and Ambiguity in Relationships between Cuban Women and Foreign Men by Anne-Mette Groth Hermansen B.A., University of Copenhagen, 2006 Supervisory Committee Dr. Hülya Demirdirek, Department of Anthropology Supervisor Dr. Margo Matwychuk, Department of Anthropology Departmental Member Dr. Annalee Lepp, Department of Women’s Studies Outside Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Hülya Demirdirek, Department of Anthropology Supervisor Dr. Margo Matwychuk, Department of Anthropology Departmental Member Dr. Annalee Lepp, Department of Women’s Studies Outside Member As a consequence of Cuba’s severe mid-1990s economic crisis and the government’s attempt to remedy it by investing in the tourism sector, a new interactional space has opened up, providing Cubans with the opportunity to form economically advantageous relationships with foreigners. This thesis contributes to the anthropological understanding of the lifeworlds of Cuban women who engage in relationships with foreign men that are sexualized and commercialized to various degrees. These touristic encounters are morally and ideologically contested in late socialist Cuba. They are also characterized by an ambiguous tension, as the women have to manage foreign men’s expectations regarding exchanges of love and money.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminists, Queers and Critics: Debating the Cuban Sex Trade*
    J. Lat. Amer. Stud. 40, 721–742 f 2008 Cambridge University Press 721 doi:10.1017/S0022216X08004732 Printed in the United Kingdom Feminists, Queers and Critics: Debating the Cuban Sex Trade* NOELLE M. STOUT Abstract. Cuban scholars and women’s advocates have criticised the widespread emergence of sex tourism in post-Soviet Cuba and attributed prostitution to a crisis in socialist values. In response, feminist scholars in the United States and Europe have argued that Cuban analysts promote government agendas and demonise sex workers. Drawing on nineteen months of field research in Havana, I challenge this conclusion to demonstrate how queer Cubans condemn sex tourism while de- nouncing an unconditional allegiance to Cuban nationalism. By introducing gay Cuban critiques into the debate, I highlight the interventionist undertones of fem- inist scholarship on the Cuban sex trade. Keywords: tourist sex trade, feminism, homosexuality Introduction On a warm October evening in Havana, I sat with Fredi, a gay 27-year-old medical student from Cienfuegos, and we watched as pingueros, jineteras, gays and tourists crowded the Maleco´n.1 Next to us, a group circled around the resident guitarist as he improvised English lyrics to the Eagles’ Hotel California. An 18-year-old pinguero, wearing a threadbare pullover that read ‘Thank God It’s Friday’ and holding the arm of a middle-aged Canadian Noelle M. Stout is Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology at New York University. Email: [email protected] * I would like to thank Dr. Janet Davis, JLAS editors, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism on previous drafts.
    [Show full text]
  • US Efforts to Combat Sex Trafficking of Minors
    Children's Legal Rights Journal Volume 35 Article 10 Issue 1 2015 1-1-2015 Around the World: U.S. Efforts to Combat Sex Trafficking of Minors Laura Smith Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/clrj Part of the International Humanitarian Law Commons Recommended Citation Laura Smith, Around the World: U.S. Efforts to Combat Sex Trafficking of Minors, 35 CHILD. LEGAL RTS. J. 94 (2015). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/clrj/vol35/iss1/10 This Featured Practice Perspectives is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Children's Legal Rights Journal by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Smith: Around the World: U.S. Efforts to Combat Sex Trafficking of Minor Around the World: U.S. Efforts to Combat Sex Trafficking of Minors in Cuba By Laura Smith In 2013, with the release of the annual Trafficking in Persons (“TIP”) Report, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry spoke out against sex trafficking, stating that, “[w]hen we bring victims out of exploitation, we are helping to create more stable and productive communities.” The TIP Report was created alongside the enactment of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (“TVPA”). In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed the TVPA to fight human trafficking both at home and abroad. The TVPA promotes a policy of Prosecution, Protection and Prevention. To aid the government in doing so, the U.S. Department of State (“State Department”) created an annual TIP Report, which studies the government response to human trafficking in approximately 150 countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Representing Sexual Transactions in Times of the ´Cuban Thaw´
    Representing Sexual Transactions in Times of the ´Cuban Thaw´ The Legitimisation of Sexuality Regulation in Cuba´s Anti-Trafficking and HIV Prevention Strategies A Research Paper presented by: Maria Wagner (Germany) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Major: Human Rights, Gender and Conflict Studies: Social Justice Perspectives (SJP) Specialization: Women and Gender Studies Members of the Examining Committee: Silke Heumann Rosalba Icaza The Hague, The Netherlands November 2017 ii Contents List of Tables iv List of Figures iv List of Appendices iv List of Acronyms v Acknowledgements vi Abstract vii Chapter 1 | Introduction 1 Chapter 2 | Context 4 1. Hardships in Revolutionary Cuba 5 2. ´Inventar´: Making Ends Meet 5 3. Framing and Policing Transactional Sex After 1959 6 4. Framing Transactional Sex After the Special Period 7 Chapter 3 | Theoretical Considerations 12 1. Sex Positivity 12 2. Sexual and Gender Justice 13 3. Intersectional Feminism 14 4. The State: Policing Sexuality on the ´Other Side of the Line´ 15 Chapter 4 | Methodological Considerations 17 1. Restrictions on Doing Social Science Fieldwork in Cuba 17 2. Understanding ´Transactional Sex´ 17 3. Critical Discourse Studies 18 Chapter 5 | The Representation of Transactional Sex 22 1. Anti-Trafficking Approach 22 2. HIV-Prevention Approach 30 Chapter 6 | Conclusion 38 1. Summary 38 2. Adverse Consequences for Social, Sexual and Gender Justice 39 3. Contributions of this Research 39 4. Final Remarks 40 Chapter 7 | References 41 Appendix 52 iii List of Tables Table 1: Mentions of Most Relevant Terms Related to the Sexual-Affective Economy in Selected Written Media Available Online (as of 24 October 2017, own elaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • Transformations in Cuba After the Special Period 1
    Brittany Bond Transformations in Cuba After the Special Period 1 Brittany Bond SIS-498-003H Senior Honors Thesis Ambassador Anthony Quainton University Honors in International Studies Fall 2007 Transformations in Cuba After the Special Period: Economic Demographic Societal * *Tomás Sánchez. Relación . Museo de Bellas Artes, Havana, Cuba Brittany Bond Transformations in Cuba After the Special Period 2 Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction & Background 1 Chapter Two: Economic Transformations 7 Chapter Three: Demographic Transformations 19 Chapter Four: Societal Transformations 37 Chapter Five: Conclusion 60 Appendix 63 Works Cited Workers’ Day Parade in Plaza de la Revolución Havana, Cuba 1 May 2007 Brittany Bond Transformations in Cuba After the Special Period 3 Chapter 1: Introduction & Background If the socialist camp breaks up we will continue constructing socialism in our country…If the USSR were to break up, if the USSR were to disappear, we would continue constructing socialism in our country! Fidel Castro, 1990 1 Cuba became linked to the Soviet bloc both politically and economically in the early 1970’s, as was demonstrated in its membership in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA; also, COMECON) beginning in 1972. The trade agreements in this economic council tied Cuba’s economy to that of the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. Cuba sold most of its sugar to COMECON and in return imported goods and raw manufactures at below-market prices. It was clear that the Cuba received a good deal in this agreement through the preferential treatment from the Soviet Union. Changes within the Soviet Union during the eighties, however, particularly the appointment of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader, began to worry Cuban President Fidel Castro and strained the long-distance relationship.
    [Show full text]