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Imports in GST Regime (Goods & Services Tax)
Imports in GST Regime (Goods & Services Tax) Introduction Under the GST regime, Article 269A constitutionally mandates that supply of goods, or of services, or both in the course of import into the territory of India shall be deemed to be supply of goods, or of services, or both in the course of inter-State trade or commerce. So import of goods or services will be treated as deemed inter-State supplies and would be subject to Integrated tax. While IGST on import of services would be leviable under the IGST Act, the levy of the IGST on import of goods would be levied under the Customs Act, 1962 read with the Custom Tariff Act, 1975. The importer of services will have to pay tax on reverse charge basis. However, in respect of import of online information and database access or retrieval services (OIDAR) by unregistered, non-taxable recipients, the supplier located outside India shall be responsible for payment of taxes (IGST). Either the supplier will have to take registration or will have to appoint a person in India for payment of taxes. Supply of goods or services or both to a Special Economic Zone developer or a unit shall be treated as inter-State supply and shall be subject to levy of integrated tax. Directorate General of Taxpayer Services CENTRAL BOARD OF EXCISE & CUSTOMS www.cbec.gov.in Imports in GST Regime (Goods & Services Tax) Importer Exporter Code (IEC): As per DGFT’s Trade Notice No. 09 The taxes will be calculated as under: dated 12.06.2017, the PAN of an entity would be used as the Import Particulars Duty Export code (IEC). -
Taxation in Islam
Taxation in Islam The following article is based on the book Funds in the Khilafah State which is a translation of Al-Amwal fi Dowlat Al-Khilafah by Abdul-Qadeem Zalloom.1 Allah (swt) has revealed a comprehensive economic system that details all aspects of economic life including government revenues and taxation. In origin, the permanent sources of revenue for the Bait ul-Mal (State Treasury) should be sufficient to cover the obligatory expenditure of the Islamic State. These revenues that Shar’a (Islamic Law) has defined are: Fa’i, Jizya, Kharaj, Ushur, and income from Public properties. The financial burdens placed on modern states today are far higher than in previous times. When the Caliphate is re-established it will need to finance a huge re-development and industrial programme to reverse centuries of decline, and bring the Muslim world fully into the 21st century. Because of this, the Bait ul-Mal’s permanent sources of revenue may be insufficient to cover all the needs and interests the Caliphate is obliged to spend upon. In such a situation where the Bait ul-Mal’s revenues are insufficient to meet the Caliphate’s budgetary requirements, the Islamic obligation transfers from the Bait ul-Mal to the Muslims as a whole. This is because Allah (swt) has obliged the Muslims to spend on these needs and interests, and their failure to spend on them will lead to the harming of Muslims. Allah (swt) obliged the State and the Ummah to remove any harm from the Muslims. It was related on the authority of Abu Sa’id al-Khudri, (ra), that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “It is not allowed to do harm nor to allow being harmed.” [Ibn Majah, Al-Daraqutni] Therefore, Allah (swt) has obliged the State to collect money from the Muslims in order to cover its obligatory expenditure. -
The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy
The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy Alex Cobham, Petr Janský, and Markus Meinzer Abstract Both academic research and public policy debate around tax havens and offshore finance typically suffer from a lack of definitional consistency. Unsurprisingly then, there is little agreement about which jurisdictions ought to be considered as tax havens—or which policy measures would result in their not being so considered. In this article we explore and make operational an alternative concept, that of a secrecy jurisdiction and present the findings of the resulting Financial Secrecy Index (FSI). The FSI ranks countries and jurisdictions according to their contribution to opacity in global financial flows, revealing a quite different geography of financial secrecy from the image of small island tax havens that may still dominate popular perceptions and some of the literature on offshore finance. Some major (secrecy-supplying) economies now come into focus. Instead of a binary division between tax havens and others, the results show a secrecy spectrum, on which all jurisdictions can be situated, and that adjustment lfor the scale of business is necessary in order to compare impact propensity. This approach has the potential to support more precise and granular research findings and policy recommendations. JEL Codes: F36, F65 Working Paper 404 www.cgdev.org May 2015 The Financial Secrecy Index: Shedding New Light on the Geography of Secrecy Alex Cobham Tax Justice Network Petr Janský Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague Markus Meinzer Tax Justice Network A version of this paper is published in Economic Geography (July 2015). -
2021 Tax Rates, Schedules, and Contribution Limits
2021 tax rates, schedules, and contribution limits Income tax Tax on capital gains and qualified dividends If taxable Income income But Of the Single Married/Filing jointly/Qualifying Widow(er) Tax rate is over not over The tax is amount over $0–$40,400 $0–$80,800 0% Married/Filing $0 $19,900 $0.00 + 10% $0 jointly and $19,900 $81,050 $1,990 + 12% $19,900 Over $40,400 but not Over $80,800 but not over qualifying over $445,850 $501,600 15% widow(er)s $81,050 $172,750 $9,328 + 22% $81,050 Over $445,850 Over $501,600 20% $172,750 $329,850 $29,502 + 24% $172,750 Additional 3.8% federal net investment income (NII) tax applies to individuals $329,850 $418,850 $67,206 + 32% $329,850 on the lesser of NII or modified AGI in excess of $200,000 (single) or $250,000 $418,850 $628,300 $95,686 + 35% $418,850 (married/filing jointly and qualifying widow(er)s). Also applies to any trust or $628,300 $168,993.50 + 37% $628,300 estate on the lesser of undistributed NII or AGI in excess of the dollar amount Single $0 $9,950 $0.00 + 10% $0 at which the estate/trust pays income taxes at the highest rate ($13,050). $9,950 $40,525 $995 + 12% $9,950 Kiddie tax* $40,525 $86,375 $4,664 + 22% $40,525 Child’s unearned income above $2,200 is generally subject to taxation at $86,375 $164,925 $14,751 + 24% $86,375 the parent’s marginal tax rate; unearned income above $1,100 but not $164,925 $209,425 $33,603 + 32% $164,925 more than $2,200 is taxed at the child’s tax rate. -
How Do Federal Income Tax Rates Work? XXXX
TAX POLICY CENTER BRIEFING BOOK Key Elements of the U.S. Tax System INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX How do federal income tax rates work? XXXX Q. How do federal income tax rates work? A. The federal individual income tax has seven tax rates that rise with income. Each rate applies only to income in a specific range (tax bracket). CURRENT INCOME TAX RATES AND BRACKETS The federal individual income tax has seven tax rates ranging from 10 percent to 37 percent (table 1). The rates apply to taxable income—adjusted gross income minus either the standard deduction or allowable itemized deductions. Income up to the standard deduction (or itemized deductions) is thus taxed at a zero rate. Federal income tax rates are progressive: As taxable income increases, it is taxed at higher rates. Different tax rates are levied on income in different ranges (or brackets) depending on the taxpayer’s filing status. In TAX POLICY CENTER BRIEFING BOOK Key Elements of the U.S. Tax System INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX How do federal income tax rates work? XXXX 2020 the top tax rate (37 percent) applies to taxable income over $518,400 for single filers and over $622,050 for married couples filing jointly. Additional tax schedules and rates apply to taxpayers who file as heads of household and to married individuals filing separate returns. A separate schedule of tax rates applies to capital gains and dividends. Tax brackets are adjusted annually for inflation. BASICS OF PROGRESSIVE INCOME TAXATION Each tax rate applies only to income in a specific tax bracket. Thus, if a taxpayer earns enough to reach a new bracket with a higher tax rate, his or her total income is not taxed at that rate, just the income in that bracket. -
Tax Laws and Tax Like Contributions
Draft. Not yet updated and agreed upon. IV. Laws governing tax and tax-like contributions 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 2 Main tax categories ............................................................................................................ 3 3 Germany ............................................................................................................................. 3 3.1 Formulating laws ......................................................................................................... 3 3.2 Taxes on Income, Profits and Capital Gains ............................................................... 4 3.3 Taxation of Wealth ...................................................................................................... 5 3.4 Taxation of turnover, consumption, goods and services ............................................. 5 3.5 Customs ....................................................................................................................... 5 3.6 Social security Contributions ....................................................................................... 6 4 Kenya Tax Laws ................................................................................................................. 6 4.1 Formulating laws ......................................................................................................... 6 4.2 The Income Tax Act ................................................................................................... -
The African-American Church, Political Activity, and Tax Exemption
JAMES_EIC 1/11/2007 9:47:35 PM The African-American Church, Political Activity, and Tax Exemption Vaughn E. James∗ ABSTRACT Ever since its inception during slavery, the African-American Church has served as an advocate for the socio-economic improve- ment of this nation’s African-Americans. Accordingly, for many years, the Church has been politically active, serving as the nurturing ground for several African-American politicians. Indeed, many of the country’s early African-American legislators were themselves mem- bers of the clergy of the various denominations that constituted the African-American Church. In 1934, Congress amended the Internal Revenue Code to pro- hibit tax-exempt entities—including churches and other houses of worship—from allowing lobbying to constitute a “substantial part” of their activities. In 1954, Congress further amended the Code to place an absolute prohibition on political campaigning by these tax-exempt organizations. While these amendments did not specifically target churches and other houses of worship, they have had a chilling effect on efforts by these entities to fulfill their mission. This chilling effect is felt most acutely by the African-American Church, a church estab- lished to preach the Gospel and engage in activities which would im- prove socio-economic conditions for the nation’s African-Americans. This Article discusses the efforts made by the African-American Church to remain faithful to its mission and the inadvertent attempts ∗ Professor of Law, Texas Tech University School of Law. The author wishes to thank Associate Dean Brian Shannon, Texas Tech University School of Law; Profes- sor Christian Day, Syracuse University College of Law; Professor Dwight Aarons, Uni- versity of Tennessee College of Law; Ms. -
System of Church Tax in Germany
Dr. Jens Petersen The system of church tax in Germany The church tax will be 9% (or 8% in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg) from the income tax. The churches, who have the status of a public body have the legal right to raise taxes. This based apon the Germen Constitution in conjunction with the federal church laws. These are the protestant, roman-kath., old-kath., some jewish and other small churches. The churches conclude wether they raise taxes and about the percentage. The administration itself is carreid-over to IRS because here is the established administration. This based on an bilateral contract. The IRS will get fees between 2% and 4% (according to the federal state). The churches have the legal right to get the data of their members from the IRS the fullfill their own tax-systems. At the time they did not need them because the IRS administrate the tax levy. The church tax is the most important part of the churches household. It will be about 70% to 80% of it. Other incomes: funds, fees, accomplishments (benefits) from the state (very old legal title; based on a treaty of 1804), other revenues. Income tax will be raised from income and salary a.s.o. The church tax from the income-tax will collect in conjunction with the income-tax (tax bill). The church tax of salary will retained by the employer and he refers them to the appropriate IRS. This refers it to the local church. Wether the employee is member of a church the employer will check out from the tax-card (Lohnsteuerkarte). -
State Individual Income Tax Rates
STATE INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAXES (Tax rates for tax year 2021 -- as of January 1, 2021) TAX RATE RANGE Number FEDERAL (in percents) of INCOME BRACKETS PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS STANDARD DEDUCTION INCOME TAX Low High Brackets Lowest Highest Single Married Dependents Single Married DEDUCTIBLE ALABAMA 2.0 - 5.0 3 500 (b) - 3,001 (b) 1,500 3,000 500 (e) 2,500 (y) 7,500 (y) Yes ALASKA No State Income Tax ARIZONA (a) 2.59 - 8.0 (aa) 4 27,272 (b) - 163,633 (b) -- -- 100 (c) 12,400 24,800 ARKANSAS (a) 2.0 - 5.9 (f) 3 4,000 - 79,300 29 (c) 58 (c) 29 (c) 2,200 4,400 CALIFORNIA (a) 1.0 12.3 (g) 9 8,932 (b) - 599,012 (b) 124 (c) 248 (c) 383 (c) 4,601 (a) 9,202 (a) COLORADO 4.55 1 -----Flat rate----- -- (d) -- (d) -- (d) 12,550 (d) 25,100 (d) CONNECTICUT 3.0 - 6.99 7 10,000 (b) - 500,000 (b) 15,000 (h) 24,000 (h) 0 -- (h) -- (h) DELAWARE 0.0 - 6.6 7 2,000 - 60,001 110 (c) 220 (c) 110 (c) 3,250 6,500 FLORIDA No State Income Tax GEORGIA 1.0 - 5.75 6 750 (i) - 7,001 (i) 2,700 7,400 3,000 4,600 6,000 HAWAII 1.4 - 11.0 12 2,400 (b) - 200,000 (b) 1,144 2,288 1,144 2,200 4,400 IDAHO (a) 1.125 - 6.925 7 1,568 (b) - 11,760 (b) -- (d) -- (d) -- (d) 12,550 (d) 25,100 (d) ILLINOIS (a) 4.95 1 -----Flat rate----- 2,325 4,650 2,325 -- -- INDIANA 3.23 1 -----Flat rate----- 1,000 2,000 2,500 (j) -- -- IOWA (a) 0.33 - 8.53 9 1,676 - 75,420 40 (c) 80 (c) 40 (c) 2,130 (a) 5,250 (a) Yes KANSAS 3.1 - 5.7 3 15,000 (b) - 30,000(b) 2,250 4,500 2,250 3,000 7,500 KENTUCKY 5.0 1 -----Flat rate----- -----------None----------- 2,690 2,690 LOUISIANA 2.0 - 6.0 3 12,500 (b) - 50,001(b) 4,500 -
Promoting Peer Pressure — Germany's Anti-Tax-Evasion
Volume 55, Number 1 July 6, 2009 (C) Tax Analysts 2009. All rights reserved. Tax Analysts does not claim copyright in any public domain or third party content. Promoting Peer Pressure — Germany’s Anti-Tax-Evasion Act by Wolfgang Kessler and Rolf Eicke Reprinted from Tax Notes Int’l, July 6, 2009, p. 51 (C) Tax Analysts 2009. All rights reserved. does not claim copyright in any public domain or third party content. Promoting Peer Pressure — Germany’s Anti-Tax-Evasion Act by Wolfgang Kessler and Rolf Eicke Wolfgang Kessler is the director of the tax department of the business and economics faculty at the Uni- versity of Freiburg and a partner with Ernst & Young in Freiburg, Germany. Rolf Eicke is his assistant at the tax department of the University of Freiburg and is with Ernst & Young in Freiburg. The views ex- pressed here are entirely their own. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] freiburg.de he fight against tax havens has caused some major that was approved by the government on April 22, Tdistortions in the relationship between Germany 2009, and is scheduled to pass the Bundestag before and Switzerland. Similar to the approach used in the summer break. United States in the Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act, Ger- many intensified its measures to prevent tax evasion by Marketing Against Tax Havens its own citizens starting with a German intelligence agency’s purchase of data on Liechtenstein bank ac- The term ‘‘Anti-Tax-Evasion Act’’ (Steuerhinterzie- counts. (See Kessler and Eicke, ‘‘Germany’s Fruit hungsbekämpfungsgesetz) was chosen wisely. -
302746 ICE Country Guide
International Core of Excellence 2018 ICE Essentials Foreword Local insight into key foreign jurisdictions—International Core of Excellence The impact of the U.S. tax reform will be felt not only in the U.S. but around the world. While it likely will take some time for stakeholders to familiarize themselves fully with the new rules and evaluate their implications and consequences, U.S. businesses soon will have to make real- world decisions that will affect their foreign operations: decisions regarding cash repatriation, adjustments to ownership structures for foreign investments, acquisition financing where multiple jurisdictions are involved, organization of supply chain activities, etc. When that time comes, the focus will no longer be solely on the new U.S. rules. Companies will be looking for practical solutions that best serve the interest of their businesses and those solutions will have to accommodate non-U.S. tax factors—for example, it is important to be aware that steps taken to limit a tax cost in the U.S. may eventuate in a higher tax burden outside the U.S. In this respect, one thing has not changed: U.S. companies will still need to integrate non-U.S. tax considerations into their decision-making. Now more than ever, they will need reliable and timely information—as well as actionable insights—on tax policy, legislation and practices affecting their foreign operations if they are to maintain a competitive edge. We are committed to helping you and your organization navigate the opportunities and challenges of a rapidly evolving global tax environment. The foreign country specialists in the International Core of Excellence (ICE) team have the technical and practical experience to help you identify and address the impact of foreign tax rules on U.S. -
Taxation and Investment in Denmark 2015 Reach, Relevance and Reliability
Taxation and Investment in Denmark 2015 Reach, relevance and reliability A publication of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited Contents 1.0 Investment climate 1.1 Business environment 1.2 Currency 1.3 Banking and financing 1.4 Foreign investment 1.5 Tax incentives 1.6 Exchange controls 2.0 Setting up a business 2.1 Principal forms of business entity 2.2 Regulation of business 2.3 Accounting, filing and auditing filing requirements 3.0 Business taxation 3.1 Overview 3.2 Residence 3.3 Taxable income and rates 3.4 Capital gains taxation 3.5 Double taxation relief 3.6 Anti-avoidance rules 3.7 Administration 3.8 Other taxes on business 4.0 Withholding taxes 4.1 Dividends 4.2 Interest 4.3 Royalties 4.4 Branch remittance tax 4.5 Wage tax/social security contributions 5.0 Indirect taxes 5.1 Value added tax 5.2 Capital tax 5.3 Real estate tax 5.4 Transfer tax 5.5 Stamp duty 5.6 Customs and excise duties 5.7 Environmental taxes 5.8 Other taxes 6.0 Taxes on individuals 6.1 Residence 6.2 Taxable income and rates 6.3 Inheritance and gift tax 6.4 Net wealth tax 6.5 Property tax 6.6 Social security contributions 6.7 Other taxes 6.8 Compliance 7.0 Labor environment 7.1 Employee rights and remuneration 7.2 Wages and benefits 7.3 Termination of employment 7.4 Labor-management relations 7.5 Employment of foreigners 8.0 Deloitte International Tax Source 9.0 Office locations Denmark Taxation and Investment 2015 1.0 Investment climate 1.1 Business environment Denmark is a parliamentary democracy.