Learning from Scandinavia's Game of Thrones
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From Runic Stone to Charter Transformation of Property Confirmation in 11Th and 12Th Century Denmark
From Runic Stone to Charter Transformation of property confirmation in 11th and 12th century Denmark Minoru OZAWA It has been long thought that one hundred years from the middle of the 11th century when Cnut’s empire collapsed to the year 1157 when Valdemar the Great became Danish king was a transitory age in Danish history. Some historians considered these years as an age of shift from the pagan Viking Age to the Christian Middle Ages.1 However we have to pay more attention to the century to deeply understand that various innovative shifts were progressing politically, economically, socially and culturally. My paper aims to make clear one aspect of these shifts, that is the background of the transformation of property confirmation in Denmark at the gate of the early Middle Ages. The central concern exists in how and why Denmark, non-successor state of the Roman empire, adopted the way of property confirmation through written documents into its own system of land management. 1. Runic Stone as Testimony of Property Inheritance Around 1000, building movement of impressive monuments was marking Scandinavian landscape: runic stones. A runic stone is a kind of memorial stone which the living built in memory of the deceased, with carved runes on its surface, sometimes drawn with beautiful decorative animal pictures. The earlier date of runic stones like Björketorp stone in Blekinge in present Sweden goes back to pre-Viking Age, but almost all of them were concentrated on the year 1000, the era that Scandinavian medievalists call the late Viking Age. According to a recent catalogue, approximately 500 stones in all have been discovered in Denmark, Norway and Sweden until the present times. -
Saami and Scandinavians in the Viking
Jurij K. Kusmenko Sámi and Scandinavians in the Viking Age Introduction Though we do not know exactly when Scandinavians and Sámi contact started, it is clear that in the time of the formation of the Scandinavian heathen culture and of the Scandinavian languages the Scandinavians and the Sámi were neighbors. Archeologists and historians continue to argue about the place of the original southern boarder of the Sámi on the Scandinavian peninsula and about the place of the most narrow cultural contact, but nobody doubts that the cultural contact between the Sámi and the Scandinavians before and during the Viking Age was very close. Such close contact could not but have left traces in the Sámi culture and in the Sámi languages. This influence concerned not only material culture but even folklore and religion, especially in the area of the Southern Sámi. We find here even names of gods borrowed from the Scandinavian tradition. Swedish and Norwegian missionaries mentioned such Southern Sámi gods such as Radien (cf. norw., sw. rå, rådare) , Veralden Olmai (<Veraldar goð, Frey), Ruona (Rana) (< Rán), Horagalles (< Þórkarl), Ruotta (Rota). In Lule Sámi we find no Scandinavian gods but Scandinavian names of gods such as Storjunkare (big ruler) and Lilljunkare (small ruler). In the Sámi languages we find about three thousand loan words from the Scandinavian languages and many of them were borrowed in the common Scandinavian period (550-1050), that is before and during the Viking Age (Qvigstad 1893; Sammallahti 1998, 128-129). The known Swedish Lapponist Wiklund said in 1898 »[...] Lapska innehåller nämligen en mycket stor mängd låneord från de nordiska språken, av vilka låneord de äldsta ovillkorligen måste vara lånade redan i urnordisk tid, dvs under tiden före ca 700 år efter Kristus. -
The Viking Age
Laval University From the SelectedWorks of Fathi Habashi March, 2020 The iV king Age Fathi Habashi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/fathi_habashi/615/ The Viking Age INTRODUCTION The Viking Age (793-1066) is a period in history during which the Scandinavians expanded and built settlements throughout Europe. They are sometimes referred to as Norsemen and known to the Greek as Varangians. They took two routes: the East - - the present-day Ukraine and Russia, and the West mainly in the present-day Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland, Normandy, Italy, and the British Isles. The Viking were competent sailors, adept in land warfare as well as at sea. Their ships were light enough to be carried over land from one river system to another. Viking ships The motivation of the Viking to invade East and West is a problem to historians. Many theories were given none was the answer. For example, retaliation against forced conversion to Christianity by Charlemagne by killing any who refused to become baptized, seeking centers of wealth, kidnapping slaves, and a decline in the profitability of old trade routes. Viking ship in Oslo Museum The Vikings raids in the East and the West of Europe VIKINGS IN THE EAST The Dnieber The Vikings of Scandinavia came by way of the Gulf of Finland and sailed up the Dvina River as far as they could go, and then carried their ships across land to the Dnieper River, which flows south to the Black Sea. They raided villages then they became interested in trading with the Slavs. Using the Dnieper, they carried shiploads of furs, honey, and wax south to markets on the Black Sea, or sailed across that sea trade in Constantinople. -
Swedish Literature on the British Market 1998-2013: a Systemic
Swedish Literature on the British Market 1998-2013: A Systemic Approach Agnes Broomé A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy UCL Department of Scandinavian Studies School of European Languages, Culture and Society September 2014 2 I, Agnes Broomé, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. …............................................................................... 3 4 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the role and function of contemporary Swedish fiction in English translation on the British book market in the period 1998-2013. Drawing on Bourdieu’s Field Theory, Even Zohar’s Polysystem Theory and DeLanda’s Assemblage Theory, it constructs a model capable of dynamically describing the life cycle of border-crossing books, from selection and production to marketing, sales and reception. This life cycle is driven and shaped by individual position-takings of book market actants, and by their complex interaction and continual evolution. The thesis thus develops an understanding of the book market and its actants that deliberately resists static or linear perspectives, acknowledging the centrality of complex interaction and dynamic development to the analysis of publishing histories of translated books. The theoretical component is complemented by case studies offering empirical insight into the model’s application. Each case study illuminates the theory from a different angle, creating thereby a composite picture of the complex, essentially unmappable processes that underlie the logic of the book market. The first takes as its subject the British publishing history of crime writer Liza Marklund, as well as its wider context, the Scandinavian crime boom. -
How Sweden Is Governed Content
How Sweden is governed Content The Government and the Government Offices 3 The Prime Minister and the other ministers 3 The Swedish Government at work 3 The Government Offices at work 4 Activities of the Government Offices 4 Government agencies 7 The budget process 7 The legislative process 7 The Swedish social model 9 A democratic system with free elections 9 The Swedish administrative model – three levels 10 The Swedish Constitution 10 Human rights 11 Gender equality 11 Public access 12 Ombudsmen 12 Scrutiny of the State 13 Sweden in the world 14 Sweden and the EU 14 Sweden and the United Nations 14 Nordic cooperation 15 Facts about Sweden 16 Contact 16 2 HOW SWEDEN IS GOVERNED The Government and the Government Offices The Prime Minister and the other ministers After each election the Speaker of the Riksdag (the Swedish Parliament) submits a proposal for a new Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is subsequently appoin ted by the Riksdag and tasked with forming a government. The Government, led by the Prime Minister, governs Sweden. The Government consists of the Prime Minister and a number of ministers, each with their own area of responsibility. The Swedish Government at work The Government governs Sweden and is the driving force in the process by which laws are created and amended, thereby influencing the development of society as a whole. However, the Government is accountable to the Riksdag and must have its support to be able to implement its policies. The Government governs the country, which includes: • submitting legislative proposals to the Riksdag; • implementing decisions taken by the Riksdag; • exercising responsibility for the budget approved by the Riksdag; • representing Sweden in the EU; • entering into agreements with other states; • directing central government activities; • taking decisions in certain administrative matters not covered by other agencies. -
The Testimony of the Hoofprints: Danish Legends About the Medieval Union Queen Margrethe
John Lindow 2021: The Testimony of the Hoofprints: Danish Legends about the Medieval Union Queen Margrethe. Ethnologia Europaea 51(1): 137–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1899 The Testimony of the Hoofprints Danish Legends about the Medieval Union Queen Margrethe John Lindow, University of California, Berkeley, United States, [email protected] Barbro Klein’s “The Testimony of the Button” is still, fifty years after it appeared, a fundamental study of legends and legend scholarship. Inspired by Klein’s article, I analyze legends about “lord and lady” Margrethe (1353–1412), who reigned for decades as the effective ruler of the medieval union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Proceeding through various groups of related legends, I show how these legends were adapted to Margrethe’s anomalous status as a female war leader, including their cross-fertilization with robber legends and the use of a ruse usually associated with male protagonists. This article ends by indicating the importance of place within history as articulated in legends. Ethnologia Europaea is a peer-reviewed open access journal published by the Open Library of Humanities. © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. OPEN ACCESS 138 “The Testimony of the Button”: Legend and History Barbro Klein’s “The Testimony of the Button” (1971) remains an important landmark in legend studies. -
The Battle of Lund
104 Rinnebäcksvad Lilla Harrie o retake Skåne, Halland and Blekinge, which had The Battle of Lund was a battle during the Scanian War that Krutmöllan Lilla Harrie church been lost to Sweden by the Peace of Ros kilde in Kävlinge River occurred on 4 December 1676 in an area north of Lund. The V. Hoby 1658, Denmark declared war on Sweden in the Väggarp battle was between a Danish army under King Christian V T autumn of 1675. In June 1676 a Danish army landed and the Swedish army under King Charles XI. It is one of the near Råå south of Helsingborg and quickly recaptured bloodiest battles ever fought on Nordic soil. The war was Skåne and Blekinge. The only place that remained an attempt by Denmark to regain the provinces of Skåne, Håstad under Swedish control was Malmö, which had strong Halland and Blekinge, which had been lost to Sweden by the fortifications. The Swedish forces in Skåne were weak Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. and had to retreat to Småland. Stångby church Svenstorp Ehrenstrahl. Klöcker David XI by of Karl Portrait Johan Philip Lemke. by page: Painting Front i Syd. Ingemar D Kristiansen/Bilder by The monument in Lund, photo In August 1676 the Danish and Swedish forces met in Skälshög battle outside Halmstad. The Swedes won and the Danish ◄ The monument army retreated down into Skåne to set up camp there for to the Battle of the winter and avoid more fighting that year. The Swedes Stångby Odarslöv Lund was erected followed and in November the two armies were each in 1883 and is camped separately north of Lund, in sight of each other designed by ar- chitect Helgo Zet- THE BATTLE OF LUND but separated by the Kävlinge River. -
A History of German-Scandinavian Relations
A History of German – Scandinavian Relations A History of German-Scandinavian Relations By Raimund Wolfert A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Raimund Wolfert 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Table of contents 1. The Rise and Fall of the Hanseatic League.............................................................5 2. The Thirty Years’ War............................................................................................11 3. Prussia en route to becoming a Great Power........................................................15 4. After the Napoleonic Wars.....................................................................................18 5. The German Empire..............................................................................................23 6. The Interwar Period...............................................................................................29 7. The Aftermath of War............................................................................................33 First version 12/2006 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations This essay contemplates the history of German-Scandinavian relations from the Hanseatic period through to the present day, focussing upon the Berlin- Brandenburg region and the northeastern part of Germany that lies to the south of the Baltic Sea. A geographic area whose topography has been shaped by the great Scandinavian glacier of the Vistula ice age from 20000 BC to 13 000 BC will thus be reflected upon. According to the linguistic usage of the term -
Willa Cather and the Swedes
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for Fall 1984 Willa Cather And The Swedes Mona Pers University College at Vasteras Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Pers, Mona, "Willa Cather And The Swedes" (1984). Great Plains Quarterly. 1756. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/1756 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. WILLA CATHER AND THE SWEDES MONAPERS Willa Cather's immigrant characters, almost a able exaggeration when in 1921 she maintained literary anomaly at the time she created them, that "now all Miss Cather's books have been earned her widespread critical and popular ac translated into the Scandinavian," the Swedish claim, not least in the Scandinavian countries, a translations of 0 Pioneers! and The Song of market she was already eager to explore at the the Lark whetted the Scandinavian appetite beginning of her literary career. Sweden, the for more Cather. As the 1920s drew to a close, first Scandinavian country to "discover" her her reputation grew slowly but steadily. Her books, issued more translations of Cather fic friend George Seibel was probably guilty of tion than any other European country. In considerably less exaggeration than was Eva fact, Sweden was ten years ahead of any other Mahoney when he recalled "mentioning her Scandinavian country in publishing the transla name in the Gyldendal Boghandel in Copen tion of a Cather novel (see table). -
Towards the Kalmar Union
S P E C I A L I Z E D A G E N C I E S TOWARDS THE KALMAR UNION Dear Delegates, Welcome to the 31st Annual North American Model United Nations 2016 at the University of Toronto! On behalf of all of the staff at NAMUN, we welcome you to the Specialized Agency branch of the conference. I, and the rest of the committee staff are thrilled to have you be a delegate in Scandinavia during the High Middle Ages, taking on this challenging yet fascinating topic on the futures of the three Scandinavian Kingdoms in a time of despair, poverty, dependence and competitiveness. This will truly be a new committee experience, as you must really delve into the history of these Kingdoms and figure out how to cooperate with each other without sending everyone into their demise. To begin, in the Towards the Kalmar Union Specialized Agency, delegates will represent influential characters from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which include prominent knights, monarchs, nobles, and important religious figures who dominate the political, military and economic scenes of their respective Kingdoms. The impending issues that will be discussed at the meeting in Kalmar, Sweden include the future of the Danish and Norwegian crowns after the death of the sole heir to the thrones, Olaf II. Here, two distant relatives to Valdemar IV have a claim to the throne and delegates will need to decide who will succeed to the throne. The second order of business is to discuss the growing German presence in Sweden, especially in major economic cities. -
The 2018 Swedish Election of the Riksdag
The 2018 Swedish Election of the Riksdag POLICY PAPER / NOVEMBER 2018 AUTHORS: EMMA WELSINK LILEESHA BOYD The 2018 Swedish Elections of the Riksdag Policy Paper – Emma Welsink, Lileesha Boyd; November 2018 On Sunday the 9th September 2018 the Social Democrats were able to maintain Swedish voted on the political party that dominance in Sweden as a centre-left they believe should represent them in party, sometimes taking more than 50% of Parliament. Sweden has been a perfect the votes, sometimes going into a coalition example of the Scandinavian model of with leftist parties. Consequentially, the politics for decades, with a focus on social Social Democrats have had a big impact on welfare and progression. But for the first Swedish politics and society. The party is time in history, the 2018 election results especially well known for its establishment left Sweden with an uncertain path of the Swedish welfare system, also called forward as the populist Sweden Democrats ‘Social Democracy’. By implementing this party gained significant ground in expense system, the Social Democrats transformed of the traditionally powerful Social the Swedish health, education and pension Democrats. This paper focuses on the systems. Additionally, they also boosted its question of why Swedish politics have economy, thus providing people with jobs diverted from its established path, and and income. A downside to this impressive what the way forward may look like. welfare system is that during times of economic hardships it is more difficult for The Swedish Political System: the government to curtail (social) expenses Its Political Parties and their and mitigate negative economic Campaign Points developments. -
The Conversion of Scandinavia James E
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research Spring 1978 The ah mmer and the cross : the conversion of Scandinavia James E. Cumbie Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Recommended Citation Cumbie, James E., "The ah mmer and the cross : the conversion of Scandinavia" (1978). Honors Theses. Paper 443. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LIBRARIES 11111 !ill iii ii! 1111! !! !I!!! I Ill I!II I II 111111 Iii !Iii ii JIJ JIJlllJI 3 3082 01028 5178 .;a:-'.les S. Ci;.r:;'bie ......:~l· "'+ori·.:::> u - '-' _.I".l92'" ..... :.cir. Rillin_: Dr. ~'rle Dr. :._;fic:crhill .~. pril lJ, 197f' - AUTHOR'S NOTE The transliteration of proper names from Old Horse into English appears to be a rather haphazard affair; th€ ~odern writer can suit his fancy 'Si th an~r number of spellings. I have spelled narr.es in ':1ha tever way struck me as appropriate, striving only for inte:::-nal consistency. I. ____ ------ -- The advent of a new religious faith is always a valuable I historical tool. Shifts in religion uncover interesting as- pects of the societies involved. This is particularly true when an indigenous, national faith is supplanted by an alien one externally introduced. Such is the case in medieval Scandinavia, when Norse paganism was ousted by Latin Christ- ianity.