The Pilgrimage's Itinerary Introduction Before the Trip
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Buddhist Pilgrimage
Published for free distribution Buddhist Pilgrimage ew Edition 2009 Chan Khoon San ii Sabbadanam dhammadanam jinati. The Gift of Dhamma excels all gifts. The printing of this book for free distribution is sponsored by the generous donations of Dhamma friends and supporters, whose names appear in the donation list at the end of this book. ISB: 983-40876-0-8 © Copyright 2001 Chan Khoon San First Printing, 2002 – 2000 copies Second Printing 2005 – 2000 copies New Edition 2009 − 7200 copies All commercial rights reserved. Any reproduction in whole or part, in any form, for sale, profit or material gain is strictly prohibited. However, permission to print this book, in its entirety , for free distribution as a gift of Dhamma , is allowed after prior notification to the author. ew Cover Design Inset photo shows the famous Reclining Buddha image at Kusinara. Its unique facial expression evokes the bliss of peace ( santisukha ) of the final liberation as the Buddha passes into Mahaparinibbana. Set in the background is the Great Stupa of Sanchi located near Bhopal, an important Buddhist shrine where relics of the Chief Disciples and the Arahants of the Third Buddhist Council were discovered. Printed in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia by: Majujaya Indah Sdn. Bhd., 68, Jalan 14E, Ampang New Village, 68000 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel: 03-42916001, 42916002, Fax: 03-42922053 iii DEDICATIO This book is dedicated to the spiritual advisors who accompanied the pilgrimage groups to India from 1991 to 2008. Their guidance and patience, in helping to create a better understanding and appreciation of the significance of the pilgrimage in Buddhism, have made those journeys of faith more meaningful and beneficial to all the pilgrims concerned. -
Cachar District
[TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE GAZETTE OF INDIA, EXTRAORDINARY, PART II SECTION 3, SUB SECTION (II)] GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF FINANCE (DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE) Notification No. 45/2010 - CUSTOMS (N.T.) 4th JUNE, 2010. 14 JYESTHA, 1932 (SAKA) S.O. 1322 (E). - In exercise of the powers conferred by clauses (b) and (c) of section 7 of the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962), the Central Government hereby makes the following further amendment(s) in the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Finance (Department of Revenue), No. 63/94-Customs (NT) ,dated the 21st November, 1994, namely:- In the said notification, for the Table, the following Table shall be substituted, namely;- TABLE S. Land Land Customs Routes No. Frontiers Stations (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. Afghanistan (1) Amritsar Ferozepur-Amritsar Railway Line (via Railway Station Pakistan) (2) Delhi Railway Ferozepur-Delhi Railway Line. Station 2. Bangladesh CALCUTTA AND HOWRAH AREA (1) Chitpur (a) The Sealdah-Poradah Railway Line Railway Station passing through Gede Railway Station and Dhaniaghat and the Calcutta-Khulna Railway line River Station. passing through Bongaon (b) The Sealdah-Lalgola Railway line (c) River routes from Calcutta to Bangladesh via Beharikhal. (2) Jagannathghat The river routes from Calcutta to Steamer Station Bangladesh via Beharikhal. and Rajaghat (3) T.T. Shed The river routes from Calcutta to (Kidderpore) Bangladesh via Beharikhal. CACHAR DISTRICT (4) Karimganj (a) Kusiyara river Ferry Station (b) Longai river (c) Surma river (5) Karimganj (a) Kusiyara river Steamerghat (b) Surma river (c) Longai river (6) Mahisasan Railway line from Karimganj to Latu Railway Station Railway Station (7) Silchar R.M.S. -
6. Art of Mauryan Period
ASHOKA THE GREAT : REPRESENTING THE ACME OF INDIAN CULTURE 1 ARTS OF THE MAURYAN PERIOD 3 Royal Palace 4 Pillars, Sculptures and Rock-cut Architecture 5 Pillars 5 LION CAPITAL, SARNATH 6 Bull Capital , Rampurva 8 Sculptures 9 DIDARGUNJ YAKSHINI 9 Yaksha, Parkham, Mathura 11 Rock Cut Cave- Lomus Rishi 12 Chaitya, karle 14 Stupas 15 Pottery 19 Coins 20 Donors and Patronage 21 ASHOKA THE GREAT : REPRESENTING THE ACME OF INDIAN CULTURE Ashoka occupies a unique place in the history of India. His policies of universal peace, non-violence and religious harmony find no parallel in the monarchs of the world. Ashoka stands out as a monarch who combined successful kingship with idealism and philosophy. Like other rulers, Ashoka too began his reign with war - the conquest of Kalinga. However, the mindless destruction of life and property in this war shattered him so greatly that he vowed never to wage any war again. Instead he adopted the policy of Dhamma Vijaya that is conquest through dhamma. Page !1 of !22 In his thirteenth major Rock Edict, Asoka states that true conquest is by piety (the quality of being religious or reverent) and virtue. Such a decision taken by a king, who lived in an era where military might was the measure of power, earned him a unique place in history. Ashoka was a true humanist. His policies were oriented towards the welfare of his people. His dhamma was based on social responsibility. Besides giving importance to respecting brahmins, and servants, obedience to elders, abstention from killing living beings, dhamma also asked people to live in religious harmony. -
Depiction of Asoka Raja in the Buddhist Art of Gandhara
Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 54, Issue No. 2 (July - December, 2017) Mahmood-ul-Hasan * DEPICTION OF ASOKA RAJA IN THE BUDDHIST ART OF GANDHARA Abstract Asoka was the grandson of the Chndragupta Maurya, founder of one of the greatest empires of the ancient India (321-297 BC). The empire won by Chandragupta had passed to his son Bindusara, after his death, it was again transmitted to his son Asoka. During early years of his kingship he was a very harsh ruler. But after witnessing the miseries and suffering of people during the Kalinga War (260 BCE.) Ashoka converted to Buddhism and decided to substitute the reign of the peace and tranquility for that of violence. Due to his acts of piety and love for the Buddhist faith he become the most popular and personality after Buddha for the Buddhists. Many legends associated with him i.e. “a handful dust”, “redistribution of Relics”, “ his visit of underwater stupa at Ramagrama” are depicted in Gandhara Art. In the present article an effort has been made to identify and analyze the legends of Ashoka in the light of their historical background. Keywords: Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka, Kalanga war, Buddhism. Introduction The Buddhist Art of Gandhara came in to being in the last century before the Christian era, when the Sakas were ruling in the North-West (Marshall, 1973:17) and further developed during the Parthian period (1st century A.D.). Like the Sakas, the Parthians were confirmed philhellenes and proud of their Hellenistic culture, and not only had they large numbers of Greek subjects in their empire but they were in a position to maintain close commercial contacts with the Mediterranean coasts (Ibid: 6). -
Trade and Transport Connectivity in the Bay of Bengal Region Bridging the East Trade and Transport Connectivity in the Bay of Bengal Region
Bridging the East Trade and Transport Connectivity in the Bay of Bengal Region Bridging the East Trade and Transport Connectivity in the Bay of Bengal Region Published By D-217, Bhaskar Marg, Bani Park, Jaipur 302016, India Tel: +91.141.2282821, Fax: +91.141.2282485 Email: [email protected], Web site: www.cuts-international.org With the support of In partnership with Unnayan Shamannay © CUTS International, 2019 Citation: CUTS (2019), Bridging the East Trade and Transport Connectivity in the Bay of Bengal Region Printed in India by M S Printer, Jaipur ISBN 978-81-8257-275-1 This document is an output of a project entitled ‘Creating an Enabling and Inclusive Policy and Political Economy Discourse for Trade, Transport and Transit Facilitation in and among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Myanmar: Facilitating implementation and stakeholder buy-in in the BBIN group of countries and Myanmar sub-region’. This publication is made possible with the support of the Department for International Development, UK. The views and opinions expressed in this publication is that of CUTS International and partners and not those of the Department for International Development, UK. #1903, Suggested Contribution M250/US$25 Contents Abbreviations 7 Contributors 9 Acknowledgements 13 Preface 15 Executive Summary 17 1. Introduction 23 Trade Connectivity: Existing and Proposed Initiatives 23 Salient Features of BBIN MVA 25 Significance of BBIN MVA 27 Standardisation and Formalisation of Trade 27 Economic and Developmental Significance 27 Integration with Larger Developmental Agenda 28 Strategic and Diplomatic Significance 29 2. Research Methodology and Implementation Plan 30 Define the Target Population 30 Connections among the Different Types of Stakeholders 31 Choice of Sampling Technique 32 Determination of Sample Size: Corridors, Products and Respondents 32 Data Collection 34 3. -
A Contingency Theory of Leadership Based on the Worldviews of Five Religions
The Leadership Quarterly 16 (2005) 771–806 Leadership with inner meaning: A contingency theory of leadership based on the worldviews of five religions Mark Kriger a,T, Yvonne Seng b,1 a Norwegian School of Management BI, Nydalsveien 37, NO-0442 Oslo, Norway b American University, 140 13th Street SE, Washington, DC 20003, United States Abstract The purpose of this article is to create the foundation for a contingency theory of leadership based on the inner values and worldviews of five major religious traditions: Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism. The article identifies similarities and differences in the implicit leadership models among these five religious traditions. It further explores the implications of this model for organizational leadership in an increasingly uncertain and evolving global economy, where not only cultures but also religions, their belief systems and their values, are in increasing contact and interaction. We develop and describe a multiple-level ontological model of being to expand upon and enlarge the currently accepted behavior-based contingency theories of leadership. The article proposes and creates an integrative model of organizational leadership based on inner meaning, leader values, vision and moral examples at multiple levels of being as an extension to prior behavior-based contingency theories of organizational leadership. D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Spiritual leadership; Contingency theory; Ontological levels; Nondual worldviews; Natural experiments 1. Introduction When one examines the implied leadership models embedded in the scriptural texts and traditions of the world’s major religious traditions there is evidence for a meta-contingency theory of leadership. It is T Corresponding author. -
The Teaching of Buddha”
THE TEACHING OF BUDDHA WHEEL OF DHARMA The Wheel of Dharma is the translation of the Sanskrit word, “Dharmacakra.” Similar to the wheel of a cart that keeps revolving, it symbolizes the Buddha’s teaching as it continues to be spread widely and endlessly. The eight spokes of the wheel represent the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism, the most important Way of Practice. The Noble Eightfold Path refers to right view, right thought, right speech, right behavior, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right meditation. In the olden days before statues and other images of the Buddha were made, this Wheel of Dharma served as the object of worship. At the present time, the Wheel is used internationally as the common symbol of Buddhism. Copyright © 1962, 1972, 2005 by BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI Any part of this book may be quoted without permission. We only ask that Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai, Tokyo, be credited and that a copy of the publication sent to us. Thank you. BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI (Society for the Promotion of Buddhism) 3-14, Shiba 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 108-0014 Phone: (03) 3455-5851 Fax: (03) 3798-2758 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.bdk.or.jp Four hundred & seventy-second Printing, 2019 Free Distribution. NOT for sale Printed Only for India and Nepal. Printed by Kosaido Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan Buddha’s Wisdom is broad as the ocean and His Spirit is full of great Compassion. Buddha has no form but manifests Himself in Exquisiteness and leads us with His whole heart of Compassion. -
Reclaiming Buddhist Sites in Modern India: Pilgrimage and Tourism in Sarnath and Bodhgaya
RECLAIMING BUDDHIST SITES IN MODERN INDIA: PILGRIMAGE AND TOURISM IN SARNATH AND BODHGAYA RUTIKA GANDHI Bachelor of Arts, University of Lethbridge, 2014 A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of Religious Studies University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA ©Rutika Gandhi, 2018 RECLAIMING BUDDHIST SITES IN MODERN INDIA: PILGRIMAGE AND TOURISM IN SARNATH AND BODHGAYA RUTIKA GANDHI Date of Defence: August 23, 2018 Dr. John Harding Associate Professor Ph.D. Supervisor Dr. Hillary Rodrigues Professor Ph.D. Thesis Examination Committee Member Dr. James MacKenzie Associate Professor Ph.D. Thesis Examination Committee Member Dr. James Linville Associate Professor Ph.D. Chair, Thesis Examination Committee Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my beloved mummy and papa, I am grateful to my parents for being so understanding and supportive throughout this journey. iii Abstract The promotion of Buddhist pilgrimage sites by the Government of India and the Ministry of Tourism has accelerated since the launch of the Incredible India Campaign in 2002. This thesis focuses on two sites, Sarnath and Bodhgaya, which have been subject to contestations that precede the nation-state’s efforts at gaining economic revenue. The Hindu-Buddhist dispute over the Buddha’s image, the Saivite occupation of the Mahabodhi Temple in Bodhgaya, and Anagarika Dharmapala’s attempts at reclaiming several Buddhist sites in India have led to conflicting views, motivations, and interpretations. For the purpose of this thesis, I identify the primary national and transnational stakeholders who have contributed to differing views about the sacred geography of Buddhism in India. -
Discovering Buddhism at Home
Discovering Buddhism at home Awakening the limitless potential of your mind, achieving all peace and happiness Special Integration Experiences Required Reading Contents The Eight Places of Buddhist Pilgrimage, by Jeremy Russell 3 (Also available on Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive Website – www.lamayeshe.com) Further required reading includes the following texts: The Tantric Path of Purification, by Lama Thubten Yeshe Everlasting Rain of Nectar, by Geshe Jampa Gyatso © FPMT, Inc., 2001. All rights reserved. 1 2 The Eight Places of Buddhist Pilgrimage by Jeremy Russell Jeremy Russell was born in England and received his degree in English Literature from London University. He studied Buddhist philosophy at the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, for four years. Jeremy currently lives in Dharamsala, India, editing Cho-Yang, the Journal of Tibetan Culture, and translating other material from Tibetan. Lord Buddha said: Monks, after my passing away, if all the sons and daughters of good family and the faithful, so long as they live, go to the four holy places, they should go and remember: here at Lumbini the enlightened one was born; here at Bodhgaya he attained enlightenment; here at Sarnath he turned twelve wheels of Dharma; and here at Kushinagar he entered parinirvana. Monks, after my passing away there will be activities such as circumambulation of these places and prostration to them. Thus it should be told, for they who have faith in my deeds and awareness of their own will travel to higher states. After my passing away, the new monks who come and ask of the doctrine should be told of these four places and advised that a pilgrimage to them will help purify their previously accumulated negative karmas, even the five heinous actions. -
Asian Religions Chapter Ten
PART FOUR ASIAN RELIGIONS CHAPTER TEN ESTABLISHMENT OF BUDDHIST SACRED SPACE IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA: THE AMBEDKARITE BUDDHISM, DALIT CIVIL RELIGION AND THE STRUGGLE AGAINST SOCIAL EXCLUSION Knut A. Jacobsen Introduction Although there were hardly any Buddhists in India at the time of inde- pendence in 1947, the two main symbols of the nation of India have strong Buddhist associations. The lion-capital of the Ashoka pillar from Sarnath is the national emblem of India and the Ashokan wheel from the base of the same Ashoka pillar from Sarnath is in the centre of the Indian flag. The main reason for the use of these symbols with strong Buddhist associations for the national emblem and the national flag is that it was suggested by the great leader of the Dalits, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956), who was one of the six members of the flag committee constituted in June 1947.1 Ambedkar was already at that time an admirer of the Buddha and his teaching. Ambedkar lobbied for the adoption of several other Buddhist features to become part of the Indian state between 1947 and 1950, not only the wheel of dharma in the flag and the Ashoka lion as the emblem of the nation, but also the inscription of a Buddhist aphorism on the pediment of the Rashtrapati Bhavan, the residence of the President of the Republic 1 Ambedkar proudly recalled that he got the lion capital and the Ashoka wheel adopted without anyone in the Constituent Assembly opposing it. That the Sarnath lion capital became the national emblem and the Ashoka wheel (chakra) as national symbol in the flag due to Ambedkar is a not often recognized fact. -
The Greater Lumbini Area Religious and Archaeological Sites Explore the Greater Lumbini Area
© Mani Lama © Mani Lama © Mani Lama © Mani Lama THE GREATER LUMBINI AREA RELIGIOUS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES EXPLORE THE GREATER LUMBINI AREA Lumbini can be reached by a 30 During the winter months the Terai Most hotels and guesthouses for minute local flight from Nepal’s is often covered by fog, the climate all tastes are located to the East of capital Kathmandu to Bhairahawa. is damp, and the temperature can Lumbini Protected Area. Pilgrims SagraHAWA The 280 kilometre journey by road drop to single figures. can stay at one of the numerous >page 18 takes approximately 8 hours. The monasteries. nearest international border crossing The most pleasant times of the NigliHAWA to India is at Bhairahawa - Sunauli. year are the months of February Renting a vehicle is the best way CHAtraDEI >page 16 and November. On a clear day, it is to access the archaeological sites > page 19 The climate of the region is dictated possible to look northwards across within a day but sportive travellers araurakot > page 17 by the monsoon. The summers the plain, past the foothills of the might use bicycles. TILAURAKOT can be incredibly hot and humid, Siwaliks and see the Himalayas > page 14 reaching temperatures of over 40oC. rising in the distance. tauliHAWA KUDAN DoHANI > page 20 > page 13 GotiHAWA 32 KM to > page 21 ramagrama The following itineraries start and end at Lumbini: >page 23 karma >page 12 à itinerary 1 itinerary 2 itinerary 4 Lumbini tour, including the Sacred Tilaurakot including brief stops in Vist all sites west of Lumbini LUMBINI >page 10 Garden, the Maya Devi Temple, Karma and Dohani. -
Digitalization of Buddhist Sites in India 171
DIGITALIZATION OF BUDDHIST SITES IN INDIA 171 DIGITALIZATION OF BUDDHIST SITES IN INDIA by D. Dayalan* India, being the homeland of Buddhism, is boosted with a large number of Buddhist sites. Of them, the Four Great Places namely Lumbini where the Buddha was born, Bodh-Gaya, which witnessed his Enlightenment, Sarnath, where the First Sermon was delivered and Kusinagara, where he attained parinirvānͅa (deceased) are embellished with monuments of varied kinds. Other places somewhat lesser importance in Buddha’s life, namely, Sankisa (Sͅamͅkasya), Sravasti, Rajgir and Vaisali also became the scene of monumental activities. Every spot associated with Buddha is immortalized and turned into a centre of pilgrimage by his followers who erected structures in the hallowed memory of the Master. It is mentioned that Buddha himself had suggested on his death-bed that the stūpas should be erected over his mortal remains1. Thus, the worship of stūpas was an essential feature of early Buddhism. Stūpas (Pāli thūpa), derived from the root word stūp (to heap), are mounds or tumuli. Stūpas are known in Sri Lanka as dāgāba, this being derived from Pāli dhātu-gabbha (Sanskrit dhātu-garbha), “structure containing within its womb, garbha, corporeal relics dhātu. Originally, they had a funerary association, being mounds containing the corporeal remains of the dead collected from the funeral pyre. It is mentioned that after the demise of the Buddha, a Brahmin named Drona (Dona) divided the relic of Buddha into 8 parts and gave it to Ajatasatru of Magadha; the Licchavis of Vaisali; the Sakyas * Dr., Director, Archaeological Survey of India 1.